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Limits of Dimensions, Axle Load and Masses for Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicles 汽车、挂车及汽车列车外廓尺寸、轴荷及质量限值 1 Scope This standard specifies the limits of dimensions, axle load and masses for motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles. This standard is applicable to the motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles used on roads. This standard is not applicable to the following vehicles: - Special-purpose vehicles allocated for the army, armed police and special constable troop; - Double-articulated buses running on limited roads. 2 Normative References The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 3730.1 Motor Vehicles and Trailers - Types - Terms and Definitions GB/T 3730.2 Road Vehicle - Masses - Vocabulary and Codes GB/T 3730.3 Motor Vehicles and Towed Vehicles - Dimensions of Vehicles - Terms and Definitions GB/T 17350 Terms Marks and Designation for Special Purpose Vehicles and Special Trailers 3 Terminologies and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the terminologies and definitions defined in GB/T 3730.1, GB/T 3730.2, GB/T 3730.3 and GB/T 17350 as well as the following ones apply: 3.1 Vehicle length The distance between the two planes respectively passing through the foremost point and rearmost point of the vehicle and also being vertical to Y and X planes, measured according to Appendix A. 3.2 Vehicle width The distance between the two planes respectively passing through the outermost points at fixed protruded parts on both sides of the vehicle and also being parallel to Y plane, measured according to Appendix A. 3.3 Vehicle height The distance from the highest point of the vehicle to X plane, measured according to Appendix A. 3.4 Tri-wheel vehicle The goods vehicle with the maximum design speed less than or equal to 50km/h and with three wheels. 3.5 Low-speed goods vehicle The goods vehicle with the maximum design speed less than 70km/h and with four wheels. 3.6 Fence goods vehicle/trailer The goods vehicle/trailer of which the loading part is designed into cage or fence type structure and is separated from the driver's cab; dismountable and nonadjustable ceiling pole is installed on the top of the loading part and also fixed with side fence. 3.7 Drop slide vehicle/trailer The goods vehicle/trailer with loading part designed into sideboard structure, including the drop slide goods vehicle/trailer with on-board lifting gear, but excluding the goods vehicle/trailer with automatic tipper. 3.8 Platform goods vehicle/trailer The goods vehicle/trailer of which loading part is designed with floor of slab structure but without sideboard. 3.9 Dump goods vehicle/trailer The goods vehicle/trailer with the loading part designed into sideboard structure and also set with automatic tipper. 3.10 Low deck semi-trailer The semi-trailer used for transporting large indecomposable object, mainly having the following structural and technical characteristics: - The nominal section width of the tire is not less than or equal to 8.25in. or 245mm; - The connection with the towing vehicle is of gooseneck type. - Low goods platform is adopted (the bearing surface height of goods platform above the ground is not greater than 1,150mm). 3.11 Long nose towing vehicle Semi-trailer towing vehicle meeting the following requirements simultaneously: - More than half of the engine body is located in front of the foremost point of front windshield glass; - The central position of steering wheel is located behind the front quarter of the total length of the driver's cab (the whole head); - The center line of front axle is located in front of the foremost point of front windshield glass. 3.12 Long nose articulated vehicle The articulated vehicle composed of long nose towing vehicle and semi-trailer. 3.13 Centre axle trailer The trailer with towing device incapable of vertical movement (in relation to trailer) and the axle located against the barycentre of the trailer (in case of uniform load); for this kind of vehicle, only relatively small static vertical load (not exceeding the load equivalent to 10% of the maximum mass of trailer or 10,000N, whichever is smaller) acts on the towing vehicle. Therein, one-axle or multi-axle may be driven by the towing vehicle. 3.14 Centre axle trailer of car carrier The centre axle trailer with single-layer or multi-layer goods platform, applicable to load transportation vehicles. 3.15 Centre axle trailer train of car carrier The combination vehicles composed of goods vehicle and centre axle trailer, equipped with single-layer or multi-layer goods platform and applicable to load transportation vehicle. 3.16 Passenger/car trailer combination The combination of passenger car and centre axle trailer. 3.17 Goods road train The combination of goods vehicle and draw-bar trailer or centre axle trailer. 3.18 Special motor vehicle The motor vehicles with special equipment or appliances, applicable to special operation in design and manufacture, but excluding the main purpose of carrying personnel or goods. 3.19 Oilfield special vehicle Special motor vehicles with total mass less than 1.2 times of complete vehicle mass and applicable to oilfield exploration, development and other engineering works; the oilfield special vehicle in this standard specially refers to workover rig, wagon drill, fracturing truck, coiled tubing unit, coiled rod unit, cementing truck, blending equipment, fracturing pipeline truck, logging truck, liquid nitrogen pump truck, etc. 3.20 Semi-trailer wheelbase The horizontal distance between the central axis of towing pin and the horizontal geometric center line of non-steering axle group of semi-trailer. 3.21 Front fitting radius of semi-trailer The distance, on the horizontal plane, from the axis of towing pin to the point on the front end farthest to the towing pin axis of semi-trailer. 3.22 Air suspension The suspension system in which the vibration-damping effect provided by air spring accounts for 75% or above of overall vibration-damping effect. 4 Requirements 4.1 Requirements for dimensions 4.1.1 Limits of dimensions 4.1.1.1 The dimensions of drop slide, fence, platform and dump goods vehicles and their semi-trailers shall not exceed the maximum limits specified in Table 1. Table 1 Maximum Limits of Dimensions for Drop Slide, Fence, Platform and Dump Goods Vehicles and Their Semi-trailers In: mm Vehicle type Length Width Height Fence goods vehicle Drop slide goods vehicle Platform goods vehicle Dump goods vehicle Two-axle Maximum design total mass ≤3,500kg 6,000 2,550 4,000 Maximum design total mass >3,500kg and ≤8,000kg 7,000 Maximum design total mass >8,000kg, and ≤12,000kg 8,000 Maximum design total mass >12,000kg 9,000 Three-axle Maximum design total mass ≤20,000kg 11,000 Maximum design total mass >20,000kg 12,000 Four-axle motor vehicle with double steering axles 12,000 Fence semi-trailer Drop slide semi-trailer Platform semi-trailer Dump semi-trailer One-axle 8,600 Two-axle 10,000 Three-axle 13,000 4.1.1.2 The dimensions of other motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles shall not exceed the maximum limits specified in Table 2. Table 2 Maximum Limits of Dimensions for Other Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicles In: mm Vehicle type Length Width Height Motor vehicle Tri-wheel vehicle a 4,600 1,600 2,000 Low-speed goods vehicle 6,000 2,000 2,500 Goods vehicle and semi-trailer towing vehicle 12,000b 2,550c 4,000 Passenger car and carriage Passenger car and two-axle carriage 12,000 2,500 4,000d Three-axle carriage 13,700 Single-articulated bus 18,000 Trailer Semi-trailer 13,750e 2,550c 4,000 Centre axle trailer and draw-bar trailer 12,000f Combination vehicle Passenger/car trailer combination 14,500 2,550c 4,000 Articulated vehicle 17,100g Goods road train 20,000h a The limits of length, width and height respectively are 5,200mm, 1,800mm and 2,200mm in case of steering by steering wheel, delivering power by driving shaft, being provided with driver's cab, and with article placing space set behind the driver's seat. b The length limit of special motor vehicle is not applicable, but it shall meet the requirements of relevant standards. c The maximum width limit of refrigerator vehicle is 2,600mm. d The maximum height limit of double-decker city bus running on fixed route is 4,200mm. e The maximum length limit of the semi-trailer transporting 45ft container is 13,950mm. f The body length limit is 8,000mm (except for centre axle trailer of car carrier). g The length limit of long nose articulated vehicle is 18,100mm. h The maximum length limit of centre axle trailer train of car carrier is 22,000mm. 4.1.2 Other requirements for dimensions 4.1.2.1 The unilateral overhung of vehicle’s indirect vision device shall not be 250mm larger than the vehicle width. 4.1.2.2 The transom window, air interchanger, etc. (when being in open position) of vehicle shall not be 300mm above the vehicle height. 4.1.2.3 The distance between the rear axle of motor vehicle and the front axle of draw-bar trailer shall not be less than 3,000mm. 4.1.3 Requirements for semi-trailer towing vehicle and semi-trailer 4.1.3.1 The front fitting radius of semi-trailer shall not be greater than 2,040mm. 4.1.3.2 The horizontal distance from the central axis of towing pin to the rearmost end of semi-trailer shall not be greater than 12,000mm (except for the semi-trailer transporting 45ft container). 4.1.3.3 The saddle height of empty semi-trailer towing vehicle for transporting standard container (the height of central position of towing king pin) shall meet the following requirements: - As for the semi-trailer towing vehicle transporting 2,591mm-high standard container, it shall not exceed 1,320mm; - As for the semi-trailer towing vehicle transporting 2,896mm-high standard container, it shall not exceed 1,110mm. 4.1.4 Measurement of dimensions See Appendix A for the requirements of dimension measurement. 4.2 Limit of maximum allowable axle load 4.2.1 The maximum allowable axle load of single-axle, two-axle group and tri-axle group of motor vehicles and trailers shall not exceed the sum of tire loads of this axle or axle group, and shall not exceed the limit specified in Table 3. Table 3 Limits of Maximum Allowable Axle Load for Single-axle, Two-axle and Tri-axle Groups of Motor Vehicles and Trailers In: kg Type Limit of maximum allowable axle load Single axle Single tire on each side 7,000a Double tires on each side Non-driving axle 10,000b Driving axle 11,500 Two-axle group Wheelbase < 1,000mm 11,500c Wheelbase ≥1,000mm and <1,300mm 16,000 Wheelbase ≥1300mm and <1,800mm 18,000d Wheelbase ≥1,800mm (only for trailers) 18,000 Tri-axle group Distance between two adjacent axles ≤1,300mm 21,000 Distance between two adjacent axles >1,300mm and ≤1,400mm 24,000 a The limit of maximum allowable axle load is 10,000kg for the axle installed with such tire with nominal section width no less than 425mm and is 11,500kg for the driving axle installed with such tire with nominal section width no less than 445mm. b When air suspension is equipped, the maximum limit of maximum allowable axle load is 11,500kg. c The limit of maximum allowable axle load for two-axle trailer is 11,000kg. d In the case that double tires are installed on each side of each driving axle and air suspension is also equipped, the maximum limit of maximum allowable axle load is 19,000kg. 4.2.2 As for other types of axles, the maximum allowable axle load shall not exceed the product of tire number on the axle and 3,000kg. 4.3 Limit of maximum allowable total mass The maximum allowable total mass of motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicles shall not exceed the sum of maximum allowable axle load of all axles, and shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 4. Table 4 Limits of Maximum Allowable Total Mass for Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicles In: kg Vehicle type Limit of maximum allowable total mass Motor vehicle Tri-wheel vehicle 2,000a Passenger car 4,500 Two-axle carriage, goods vehicle and semi-trailer towing vehicle 18,000b Tri-axle carriage, goods vehicle and semi-trailer towing vehicle 25,000c Single-articulated bus 28,000 Four-axle goods vehicle with double steering axles 31,000c Trailer Semi-trailer One axle 18,000 Two axles 35,000 Three axles 40,000 Draw-bar trailer Two axles, with single tire on each side of axle 12,000d Two axles, with single tire on each side of one axle and double tires on each side of the other axle 16,000 Two axles, with double tires on each side of each axle 18,000 Centre axle trailer One axle 10,000 Two axles 18,000 Three axles 24,000 Combination vehicle Three axles 27,000 Four axles 36,000e Five axles 43,000 Six axles 49,000 a The limit of maximum allowable total mass is 3,000kg in case of steering by steering wheel, delivering power by driving shaft, being provided with driver's cab, and with article placing space set behind the driver's seat. b The limit of maximum allowable total mass for low-speed goods vehicle is 4,500kg. c In the case that double tires are installed on each side of each driving axle and air suspension is also equipped, the limit of maximum allowable total mass is increased by 1,000kg. d In the case that the tire with nominal section width no less than 425mm is installed, the limit of maximum allowable total mass is 18,000kg. e As for articulated vehicle which is installed with double tires on each side of each driving axle and also equipped with air suspension, and the distance between the two axles of semi-trailer is larger than or equal to 1,800mm, the limit of maximum allowable total mass is 37,000kg. 4.4 Trafficability requirements 4.4.1 The motor vehicles and combination vehicles shall run in a vehicle turning clearance circle with outer circle diameter of 25,000mm and inner circle diameter of 10,600mm; any outermost position (excluding the protruding parts of special devices with operation function and devices specified in A.3.3 and A.4.2) of vehicle shall not exceed the outer-circle vertical space of vehicle turning clearance circle, and any innermost position (excluding the protruding parts of special devices with operation function and devices specified in A.3.3 and A.4.2) of vehicle shall not exceed the inner-circle vertical space of vehicle turning clearance circle; see Appendix B for measurement method. 4.4.2 In the case that motor vehicles and combination vehicles transit from straight driving to circular motion as stated in 4.4.1, their out value T shall not be greater than 800mm (T of carriages shall not be greater than 600mm); see Appendix B for measurement method. 4.4.3 If semi-trailer wheelbase is less than or equal to the length L calculated by the following formula, the test stated in Appendix B may be omitted; otherwise, the semi-trailer towing vehicle shall be hitched and subject to the test stated in Appendix B, and the test result shall meet the requirements of 4.4.1 and 4.4.2. Where, W - the width of semi-trailer, mm. 4.5 Requirements for rear overhang The rear-overhang value of carriages, motor vehicles with enclosed body (or tank body) and trailers shall be less than or equal to 65% of wheelbase. Under the premise of ensuring safety, the rear overhang of special motor vehicle may be checked and calculated according to the rear-overhang requirements of carriages, and that of other vehicles shall be less than or equal to 55% of wheelbase. As for the articulated bus with rearmounted engine and with vehicle length less than 16,000mm, in the case that safety is ensured, the rear-overhang value may not exceed 70% of wheelbase. The rear-overhang value of motor vehicles and trailers shall be less than or equal to 3,500mm (except for centre axle trailer of car carrier). Note: as for multi-axle automotive vehicles, the wheelbase is calculated according to the distance from the first axle to the rearmost axle (that of articulated bus is calculated according to the distance from the first axle to the second axle), the rear-overhang value is calculated backward starting from the center line of last axle; as for devices not included in the measurement range of vehicle length as listed in A.3.3, they will not be counted during measurement and calculation of the rear-overhang value. 4.6 Other requirements 4.6.1 The driving axle load of motor vehicles or combination vehicles shall not be less than 25% of maximum total mass for motor vehicles or combination vehicles. 4.6.2 The maximum allowable total mass value (in: t) of four-axle motor vehicle (except for dumper) shall not exceed 5 times of the distance (in: m) from its foremost axle to rearmost axle. 4.6.3 The container (including the cover) height of trailers and two-axle goods vehicle shall not exceed 600mm, that of two-axle dumper and tri-axle and above goods vehicles shall not exceed 800mm, and that of tri-axle and above dumpers shall not exceed 1,500mm; 4.7 Requirements of low deck semi-trailer, fire vehicle, wrecker, concrete pump truck, truck crane and oilfield special vehicle 4.7.1 Requirements of low deck semi-trailer The low deck semi-trailer shall meet the requirements of 4.1~4.6, while the maximum limit of vehicle width is 3,000mm. 4.7.2 Requirements of fire vehicle, wrecker, concrete pump truck, truck crane and oilfield special vehicle 4.7.2.1 The vehicle length shall meet the requirements of other relevant standards, and the vehicle width and height shall not exceed the maximum limits specified in Table 5. Foreword I 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terminologies and Definitions 4 Requirements 5 Implementation of This Standard Appendix A (Normative) Requirements for Dimension Measurement Appendix B (Normative) Measurement Methods of Vehicle Turning Clearance Circle and Out Value ICS 43.020 T 04 GB 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB 1589—2016 代替 GB 1589—2004 汽车、挂车及汽车列车外廓尺寸、轴荷及质量限值 Limits of dimensions， axle load and masses for motor vehicles，trailers and combination vehicles 2016-07-26 发布 2016-07-26 实施 中华人民国和国国家质量监督检疫总局 发布 中国国家标准化管理委员会 前言 本标准的全部技术内容为强制性。 本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。 本标准代替GB 1589—2004《道路车辆外廓尺寸、轴荷及质量限值》。与GB 1589—2004相比，除编辑性的修改外主要技术变化如下： ——标准名称修改为《汽车、挂车及汽车列车外廊尺寸、轴荷及质量限值》； ——修改了第1章的范围； ——增加了第2章对GB/T 17350的引用； ——增加了第3章的车辆长度、车辆宽度、车辆高度、三轮汽车、低速货车、仓栅式货车/半挂车、栏板式货车/半挂车、平板式货车/半挂车、自卸式货车/半挂车、低平板专用半挂车、长头半挂牵引车、长头铰接列车、中置轴挂车、中置轴车辆运输挂车、中置轴车辆运输列车、乘用车列车、货车列车、专用作业车、油田专用作业车、半挂车销轴距、半挂车前回转半径、空气悬架的定义； ——修改了车辆外廓尺寸限值（4.1.1），分成两个限值表格：栏板式、仓栅式、平板式、自卸式货车及其半挂车外廓尺寸的最大限值（表1）及其他汽车、挂车及汽车列车外廓尺寸的最大限值（表2）； ——修改了间接视野单侧外伸量的要求（见4.1.2.1）； 一—修改了汽车的后轴与牵引杆挂车的前轴之间的距离不应小于3000mm的要求（见4.1.2.3）； ——增加了半挂牵引车和半挂车的要求（见4.1.3）； ——将并装轴（见2004年版4.2.2）改成轴组（见表3）； ——修改汽车及挂车轴荷限值，将单轴和并装轴（见2004年版）合并成一个表格（见表3）； ——修改每侧单轮胎最大允许轴荷限值（见表3）； ——修改二轴货车驱动轴轴荷限值（见2004年版表2）为11500kg（见表3）； ——修改了二轴挂车的轴距≥1800mm时轴荷限值为18000kg（见表3）； ——删除了最大设计总质量及最小限值（见2004年版4.3.2）； ——修改了二轴货车及牵引杆挂车，每轴每侧为双轮胎时的最大允许总质量限值为18000kg（见表4）； ——增加了中置轴挂车的最大允许总质量限值（见表4）； ——修改了四轴汽车列车的最大允许总质量限值为36000kg（见表4）； ——增加了二轴挂车，每轴每侧为单轮胎，且安装名义断面宽度不小于425mm轮胎，最大允许总质量限值为18000kg（见表4脚注d）； ——修改了汽车和汽车列车通道圆和外摆值的要求（见4.4.1、4.4.2）； ——增加了半挂车销轴距小于或等于公式计算得出的长度L，免做附录B试验的要求（见4.4.3）； ——增加了后悬的要求（见4.5）； ——增加了货箱栏板高度应含盖的要求（见4.6.3）； ——增加了低平板专用半挂车、混凝土泵车、消防车、清障车、汽车起重机、油田专用作业车的要求（见4.7）； ——增加了附录A外廊尺寸测量规定； ——修改了车辆通道圆与外摆值测量方法（见附录B）。 本标准由中华人民共和国工业和信息化部、交通运输部、公安部共同提出。 本标准由全国汽车标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC 114）归口。 本标准负责起草单位：中国汽车技术研究中心、交通运输部公路科学研究院、公安部交通管理科学研究所。 本标准参加起草单位：中国第一汽车集团公司、东风汽车公司、上海汽车集团股份有限公司、中国重型汽车集团有限公司、北汽福田汽车股份有限公司、安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司、郑州宇通客车股份有限公司、中集车辆（集团）有限公司、天津劳尔工业有限公司。 本标准所代替标准的历次版本发布情况为： ——GB 1589—1979、GB 1589—1989、GB 1589—2004。 汽车、挂车及汽车列车外廓尺寸、轴荷及质量限值 1 范围 本标准规定了汽车、挂车及汽车列车的外廓尺寸、轴荷及质量的限值。 本标准适用于在道路上使用的汽车、挂车及汽车列车。 本标准不适用于以下车辆： ——军队、武警、公安特警装备的专用车辆； ——在限定道路上运行的双铰接客车。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。 GB/T 3730.1 汽车和挂车类型的术语和定义 GB/T 3730.2 道路车辆 质量 词汇和代码 GB/T 3730.3 汽车和挂车的术语及其定义 车辆尺寸 GB/T 17350 专用汽车和专用挂车术语、代号和编制方法 3 术语和定义 GB/T 3730.1、GB/T 3730.2、GB/T 3730.3、GB/T 17350界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 车辆长度 vehicle length 依据附录A测得的过车辆前后最外端点垂直于Y和X平面的两平面间的距离。 3.2 车辆宽度 vehicle width 依据附录A测得的分別过车辆两侧固定突出部位最外侧点且平行于Y平面的两平面之间的距离。 3.3 车辆高度 vehicle height 依据附录A测得的车辆最高点至X平面的距离。 3.4 三轮汽车 tri-wheel vehicle 最大设计车速小于或等于50km/h的，具有三个车轮的载货汽车。 3.5 低速货车 low-speed goods vehicle 最大设计车速小于70km/h的，具有四个车轮的载货汽车。 3.6 仓栅式货车/半挂车 fence goods vehicle/trailer 载货部位的结构为仓笼式或栅栏式且与驾驶室各自独立的载货汽车/半挂车；载货部位的顶部应安装有与侧面栅栏固定的、不能拆卸和调整的顶棚杆。 3.7 栏板式货车/半挂车 drop slide vehicle/trailer 载货部位的结构为栏板的载货汽车/挂车，包括具有随车起重装置的栏板载货汽车/半挂车，但不包括具有自动倾卸装置的载货汽车/挂车。 3.8 平板式货车/半挂车 platform goods vehicle/trailer 载货部位的地板为平板结构且无栏板的载货汽车/半挂车。 3.9 自卸式货车/半挂车 dump goods vehicle/trailer 载货部位的结构为栏板且具有自动倾卸装置的载货汽车/半挂车。 3.10 低平板专用半挂车 low deck semi-trailer 运输不可拆解大型物体的半挂车，主要具有以下结构和技术特性： ——轮胎名义断面宽度不超过8.25in或者不超过245mm； ——与牵引车的连接为鹅颈式； ——采用低货台（货台承载面离地高度不大于1150mm）。 3.11 长头半挂牵引车 long nose towing vehicle 同时满足以下条件的半挂牵引车： ——发动机本体一半以上位于前风窗玻璃最前点以前； ——转向盘中心位置位于车辆驾驶室（整个车头）总长的前四分之一部分之后； ——前轴中心线位于前风窗玻璃最前点之前。 3.12 长头铰接列车 long nose articulated vehicle 由长头半挂牵引车和半挂车组成的铰接列车。 3.13 中置轴挂车 centre axle trailer 牵引装置不能垂直移动（相对于挂车），车轴位于紧靠挂车的重心（当均匀载荷时）的挂车，这种车辆只有较小的垂直静载荷作用于牵引车，不超过相当于挂车最大质量的10%或10000N的载荷（两者取较小者）。其中一轴或多轴可由牵引车来驱动。 3.14 中置轴车辆运输挂车 centre axle trailer of car carrier 具有单层或多层货台，用于装载运输车辆的中置轴挂车。 3.15 中置轴车辆运输列车 centre axle trailer train of car carrier 由货车和中置轴挂车组成，具有单层或多层货台，用于装载运输车辆的汽车列车。 3.16 乘用车列车 passenger/car trailer combination 乘用车和中置轴挂车的组合。 3.17 货车列车 goods road train 货车和牵引杆挂车或中置轴挂车的组合。 3.18 专用作业车 special motor vehicle 装置有专用设备或器具，在设计和制造上用于专项作业，但不包括以载运人员或货物为主要目的的汽车。 3.19 油田专用作业车 oilfield special vehicle 用于油气田勘探、开发等工程作业且总质量为整备质量1.2倍以下的专用作业汽车，本标准中的油田专用作业车专指修井机、钻机车、压裂车、连续管作业车、连续抽油杆作业车、固井车、混砂车、压裂管汇车、测井车、液氮泵车等。 3.20 半挂车销轴距 semi-trailer wheelbase 半拄车牵引销中心轴线与非转向轴组水平几何中心线的水平距离。 3.21 半挂车前回转半径 front fitting radius of semi-trailer 半挂车牵引销轴线至半挂车前端距牵引销轴线最远点在水平面上的距离。 3.22 空气悬架 air suspension 由空气弹簧提供的减振效果占整体减振效果的75%或以上的悬架系统。 4 要求 4.1 外廓尺寸要求 4.1.1 外廓尺寸限值 4.1.1.1 栏板式、仓栅式、平板式、自卸式货车及其半挂车的外廓尺寸应不超过表1规定最大限值。 表1 栏板式、仓栅式、平板式、自卸式货车及其半挂车外廓尺寸的最大限值单位为毫米 车辆类型 长度 宽度 高度 仓栅式货车 栏板式货车 平板式货车 自卸式货车 二轴 最大设计总质量≤3500kg 6000 2550 4000 最大设计总质量>3500kg，且≤8000kg 7000 最大设计总质量>8000kg，且≤12000kg 8000 最大设计总质量>12000kg 9000 三轴 最大设计总质量≤20000kg 11000 最大设计总质量>20000kg 12000 双转向轴的四轴汽车 12000 仓栅式半挂车 栏板式半挂车 平板式半挂车 自卸式半挂车 -轴 8600 二轴 10000 三轴 13000 4.1.1.2 其他汽车、挂车及汽车列车的外廓尺寸应不超过表2规定最大限值。 表2 其他汽车、挂车及汽车列车外廓尺寸的最大限值 单位为毫米 车辆类型 长度 宽度 高度 汽车 三轮汽车a 4600 1600 2000 低速货车 6000 2000 2500 货车及半挂牵引车 12000b 2550c 4000 乘用车及客车 乘用车及二轴客车 12000 2550 4000d 三轴客车 13700 单铰接客车 18000 挂车 半挂车 13750e 2550c 4000 中置轴、牵引杆挂车 12000f 汽车列车 乘用车列车 14500 2550c 4000 铰接列车 17100g 货车列车 20000h a当采用方向盘转向，由传动轴传递动力，具有驾驶室且驾驶员座椅后设计有物品放置空间时，长度、宽度、高度的限值分别为5200mm、l800mm、2200mm。 b专用作业车车辆长度限值要求不适用，但应符合相关标准要求。 c冷藏车宽度最大限值为2600mm。 d定线行驶的双层城市客车高度最大限值为4200mm。 e运送45ft集装箱的半挂车长度最大限值为13950mm。 f车厢长度限值为8000mm（中置轴车辆运输挂车除外）。 g长头铰接列车长度限值为18100mm。 h中置轴车辆运输列车长度最大限值为22000mm。 4.1.2 外廓尺寸的其他要求 4.1.2.1 车辆间接视野装置单侧外伸量不应超出车辆宽度250mm。 4.1.2.2 车辆的顶窗、换气装置等处于开启状态时不应超出车辆高度300mm。 4.1.2.3 汽车的后轴与牵引杆挂车的前轴之间的距离不应小于3000mm。 4.1.3 半挂牵引车和半挂车的要求 4.1.3.1 半挂车前回转半径不应大于2040mm。 4.1.3.2 半挂车牵引销中心轴线到半挂车车辆长度最后端的水平距离不应大于12000mm（运送45ft集装箱的半挂车除外）。 4.1.3.3 运送标准集装箱的半挂牵引车鞍座空载时高度（牵引主销中心位置的高度）应满足以下要求： ——运送高度为2591mm标准集装箱的半挂牵引车，不应超过1320mm； ——运送高度为2896mm标准集装箱的半挂牵引车，不应超过1110mm。 4.1.4 外廓尺寸测量 外廓尺寸测量要求见附录A。 4.2 最大允许轴荷限值 4.2.1 汽车及挂车的单轴、二轴组及三轴组的最大允许轴荷不应超过该轴或轴组各轮胎负荷之和，且不应超过表3规定的限值。 表3 汽车及挂车单轴、二轴组及三轴组的最大允许轴荷限值 单位为千克 类型 最大允许轴荷限值 单轴 每侧单轮胎 7000a 每侧双轮胎 非驱动轴 10000b 驱动轴 11500 二轴组 轴距<1000mm 11500c 轴距≥1000mm，且<1300mm 16000 轴距≥1300mm，且<1800mm 18000d 轴距≥1800mm（仅挂车） 18000 三轴组 相邻两轴之间距离≤1300mm 21000 相邻两轴之间距离>1300mm，且≤1400mm 24000 a安装名义断面宽度不小于425mm轮胎的车轴，最大允许轴荷限值为10000kg；驱动轴安装名义断面宽度不小于445mm轮胎，则最大允许轴荷限值为11500kg。 b装备空气悬架时最大允许轴荷的最大限值为11500kg。 e二轴挂车最大允许轴荷限值为11000kg。 d汽车驱动轴为每轴每侧双轮胎且装备空气悬架时，最大允许轴荷的最大限值为19000kg。 4.2.2 对于其他类型的车轴，其最大允许轴荷不应超过该轴轮胎数乘以3000kg。 4.3 最大允许总质量限值 汽车、挂车及汽车列车的最大允许总质量不应超过各车轴最大允许轴荷之和，且不应超过表4规定的限值。 表4 汽车、挂车及汽车列车最大允许总质量限值 单位为千克 车辆类型 最大允许总质量限值 汽车 三轮汽车 2000* 乘用车 4500 二轴客车、货车及半挂牵引车 18000b 三轴客车、货车及半挂牵引车 25000c 单铰接客车 28000 双转向轴四轴货车 31000c 表4（续） 单位为千克 车辆类型 最大允许总质量限值 挂车 半挂车 —轴 18000 二轴 35000 三轴 40000 牵引杆 挂车 二轴，每轴每侧为单轮胎 12000d 二轴，一轴每侧为单轮胎、另一轴每侧为双轮胎 16000 二轴，每轴每侧为双轮胎 18000 中置轴 挂车 —轴 10000 二轴 18000 三轴 24000 汽车列车 三轴 27000 四轴 36000* 五轴 43000 六轴 49000 8当采用方向盘转向、由传动轴传递动力、具有驾驶室且驾驶员座椅后设计有物品放置空间时，最大允许总质量限值为3000kg。 b低速货车最大允许总质量限值为4500kg。 e当驱动轴为每轴每侧双轮胎且装备空气悬架时，最大允许总质量限值增加1000kg。 d安装名义断面宽度不小于425mm轮胎，最大允许总质量限值为18000kg。 e驱动轴为每轴每侧双轮胎并装备空气悬架、且半挂车的两轴之间的距离大于或等于1800mm的铰接列车，最大允许总质量限值为37000kg。 4.4 车辆通过性要求 4.4.1 汽车和汽车列车应在一个车辆通道圆内通过，车辆通道圆的外圆直径为25000mm，内圆直径为10600mm，车辆最外侧任何部位（具有作业功能的专用装置的突出部分、A.3.3和A.4.2规定的装置不计入）不应超出车辆通道圆的外圆垂直空间，车辆最内侧任何部位（具有作业功能的专用装置的突出部分、A.3.3和A.4.2规定的装置不计入）不应超出车辆通道圆的内圆垂直空间，测量方法见附录B。 4.4.2汽车和汽车列车由直线行驶过渡到4.4.1所述圆周运动时，车辆外摆值T不应大于800mm（客车的车辆外摆值T不应大于600mm），测量方法见附录B。 4.4.3如果半挂车销轴距小于或等于下述公式计算得出的长度L，则可免做附录B的试验；如大于L，则应挂接半挂牵引车进行附录B的试验，试验结果应满足4.4.1和4.4.2的要求。 式中： W——半挂车宽度，单位为毫米（mm）。 4.5 后悬要求 客车及封闭式车厢（或罐体）的汽车及挂车后悬庥小于或等于轴距的65%。专用作业车在保证安全的情况下，后悬可按客车后悬要求核算，其他车辆后悬应小于或等于轴距的55%。车辆长度小于16000mm的发动机后置的铰接客车，在保证安全的情况下，后悬可不超过轴距的70%。汽车及挂车的后悬均应小于或等于3500mm（中置轴车辆运输挂车除外）。 注：多轴机动车的轴距按第一轴至最后轴的距离计算（对铰接客车按第一轴至第二轴的距离计算），后悬从最后一轴的中心线往后计算，A.3.3中所列不在车辆长度测量范围的装置在测量及计算后悬时不计入。 4.6 其他要求 4.6.1 汽车或汽车列车驱动轴的轴荷不应小于汽车或汽车列车最大总质量的25%。 4.6.2 四轴汽车（自卸车除外）的最大允许总质量的数值（单位：t）不能超过其最前轴至最后轴的距离的数值（单位：m）的5倍。 4.6.3 挂车及二轴货车的货箱栏板（含盖）高度不应超过600mm，二轴自卸车、三轴及三轴以上货车的货箱栏板（含盖）高度不应超过800mm，三轴及三轴以上自卸车的货箱栏板（含盖）高度不应超过1500mm。 4.7 低平板专用半挂车、消防车、清障车、混凝土泵车、汽车起重机、油田专用作业车的要求 4.7.1 低平板专用半挂车的要求 低平板专用半挂车应符合4.1~4.6的要求，但车辆宽度最大限值为3000mm。 4.7.2 消防车、清障车、混凝土泵车、汽车起重机、油田专用作业车的要求 4.7.2.1 车辆长度应符合其他相关标准要求，车辆宽度和高度不应超过表5规定最大限值。 表5 混凝土泵车、消防车、清障车、汽车起重机、油田专用作业车宽度和高度最大限值 单位为毫米 车辆类型 宽度 高度 消防车、清障车、混凝土泵车、油田专用作业车 2550 4000 汽车起重机 3000 4000 4.7.2.2 各轴最大允许轴荷不超过13000kg。 4.7.2.3 最大允许总质量不应超过55000kg。 4.7.2.4 后悬应符合4.5的要求。 4.7.2.5 驱动轴的轴荷应符合4.6.1的要求。 5 标准的实施 本标准自发布之日起实施，自2017年1月1日起，所有新生产车辆须符合本标准要求。 附录A （规范性附录） 外廓尺寸测量规定 A.1 测量条件 A.1.1 测量场地应为有水平坚硬覆盖层的支承表面。 A.1.2 车辆转向车轮应以直线前进状态置于测量场地上。 A.1.3 车辆处于整车整备质量状态。 A.1.4 车辆轮胎气压应符合车辆制造商技术要求。 A.1.5 具备空气悬挂车辆空气气囊状态应符合车辆制造商技术要求。 A.1.6 车辆的活动天线应处于折叠或收回状态，可拆卸天线应拆下。 A.1.7 电力车辆的集电装置处于非工作状态。 A.1.8 不包括汽车和挂车号牌，但包括汽车和挂车牌照板（架）。 A.2 一般规定 A.2.1 车辆支承平面（简称X平面） 测量车辆尺寸参数时，用于支承车轮的平坦、坚实的水平面。 A.2.2 车轮中心平面 对于单式车轮，车轮中心平面为与车轮轮辋的两侧内边缘等距的平面。 对于双式车轮，车轮中心平面为与外车轮轮辋内缘和内车轮轮辋外缘等距的平面。 A.2.3车辆纵向对称平面（简称Y平面） 线段AB的垂直平分平面。A和B两点为通过同一轴上两端车轮轴线的X平面的垂面同车轮中心平面的交线△与X平面的交点（见图A.1）。 图A.1 车辆纵向对称平面 A.3 测量车辆长度 A.3.1 汽车、半挂车、汽车列车长 分别过汽车、半挂车、汽车列车前后最外端点且垂直于Y和X平面的两平面间的距离。 A.3.2 牵引杆挂车、中置轴挂车长 过挂车牵引杆最前端点和挂车车身最后端点且垂直于Y和X平面的两平面之间的距离，测量时牵引杆应处于水平状态。 A.3.3 不在测量范围的装置 A.3.3.1 不具备载货功能，且超出车辆前或后端不大于50mm、边和角的圆角半径不小于5mm的以下装置不在车辆长度测量范围： ——刮水器和洗涤器； ——外部标识，包括注册商品商标、生产企业名称、商品产地、车型名称及型号、发动机排量、变速箱型式、驱动型式及反映车辆特征的其他标识； ——灯光和光信号装置； ——防撞胶块及类似装置； ——外部遮阳装置； ——海关密封装置及其防护装置； ——用于栓固防雨布的装置及其防护装置； ——锁止装置、铰链、手柄、控制器、开关； ——出入口踏步（或爬梯）、保险杠上端用于风窗擦拭的上车踏步及把手； ——后标志板含LOGO标志； ——可拆卸的车辆用的挂接或拖曳装置； ——排气尾管。 A.3.3.2 不具备载货功能的以下装置不在车辆长度测量范围： ——空气进气管； ——在半挂车前回转半径内的冷藏半挂车的冷机、半挂车的工具箱框、爬梯、前端气/电连接器及其防护罩； ——间接视野装置； ——电力车辆的集电装置（含其固定装置）； ——展开长度不超过2000mm，收起状态不超过200mm，可拆卸或折叠的车辆后部导流装置； ——收起状态的水平长度不超过300mm的尾板、上下坡道及类似装置； ——后尾梯。 A.4 测量车辆宽度 A.4.1 车辆宽度 分别过车辆两侧固定突出部位最外侧点且平行于Y平面的两平面之间的距离。 A.4.2 不在测量范围的装置 A.4.2.1 不具备载货功能，且单侧超出车辆侧面不大于50mm、边和角的圆角半径不小于5mm的以下装置不在车辆宽度测量范围： ——外部标识，包括注册商品商标、生产企业名称、商品产地、车型名称及型号、发动机排量、变速箱型式、驱动型式及反映车辆特征的其他标识； ——灯光和光信号装置； ——海关密封装置及其防护装置； ——防撞胶块及类似装置； ——用于栓固防雨布的装置及其防护装置； ——局部的流水槽；指用于引导驾驶员门（或窗）上方雨水流、乘客门上方和位于前风挡玻璃两侧引导雨水流向的流水槽； ——防飞溅系统的柔性突出部分； ——在收起位置时的可伸缩踏步、客车的出入坡道、举升平台及类似装置； ——锁止装置、铰链、手柄、控制器、开关； ——轮胎失效信号装置； ——轮胎压力指示器； ——位于轮胎接地点正上方的轮胎壁的变形部分； ——倒车辅助装置； ——排气尾管。 A.4.2.2 以下装置不在车辆宽度测量范围： ——间接视野装置； ——非工作状态下的校车停车指示牌。 A.5 测量车辆高度 A.5.1 车辆高度 车辆最高点至X平面的距离。 A.5.2 不在测量范围的装置 天线的软质部分。 附录B （规范性附录） 车辆通道圆与外摆值测量方法 B.1 车辆通道圆 B.1.1 汽车或汽车列车处于空载状态，停于平整地面上。 B.1.2 汽车或汽车列车起步，进入一个外圆直径D1为25000mm，内圆直径D2为10600mm的水平同心圆周内行驶，至少在圆周内行驶1周（360°）。 B.1.3 过水平同心圆周的外圆曲线，做一个垂直于地面且向上无限延伸的圆柱形空间，即为车辆通道圆的外圆垂直空间。 B.1.4 过水平同心圆周的内圆曲线，做一个垂直于地面且向上无限延伸的圆柱形空间，即为车辆通道圆的内圆垂直空间。 B.1.5 上述过程顺时针及逆时针各进行一次。 B.2 车辆外摆值 B.2.1 汽车或汽车列车处于空载状态，以直线行驶状态停于平整地面上。 B.2.2 沿车辆最外侧部位向地面做投影，并做与车辆纵向中心线平行的投影线。 B.2.3 汽车或汽车列车起步，由直线行驶过渡到B.1.2所述的圆周内运动，至少车辆尾部进入25000mm的圆周内（参见图B.1及图B.2）。 B.2.4 上述过程中车辆外侧任何部位在地面上的投影形成外摆轨迹，该轨迹与车辆静止时车辆最外侧部位形成的投影线的最大距离即为车辆外摆值T。 B.2.5 上述过程顺时针及逆时针各进行一次。 图B.1 车辆外摆值示意图（汽车） 图B.2 车辆外摆值示意图（汽车列车） |
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