标准编号:	GB 50016-2014
中文名称:	建筑设计防火规范
英文名称:	Code of Design on Building Fire Protection and Prevention
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
发布机构:	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部
发布日期:	2014-08-27
实施日期:	2015-5-1
标准状态:	被替代
被新标准替代:	GB 50016-2014(2018) 建筑设计防火规范 局部修订 2018
被替代日期:	2018-10-1
替代旧标准:	GB 50016-2006 建筑设计防火规范 GB 50045-1995 高层民用建筑设计防火规范 GB 50045-1995(2005) 高层民用建筑设计防火规范
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	180000 字
翻译价格(元):	310.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

1 General Provisions



1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to preventing fire accidents in buildings, reducing fire hazards and protecting personal and property safety.

1.0.2 This code is applicable to the following constructed, renovated and extended buildings:

1 Factory buildings;

2 Storages;

3 Civil buildings;

4 Class A, B, C liquid tanks (tank farm);

5 Combustible and combustion-supporting gas tanks (tank farm);

6 Stackyard for combustibles;

7 City road tunnels.

If special national standards are available, the fire protection design of buildings for civil air defense engineering, petroleum and natural gas engineering, petrochemical engineering, thermal power plants and substations should comply with such standards.

1.0.3 This code is not applicable to the fire protection design of buildings such as factory buildings (storages) for gunpowder, explosive and their products as well as fireworks and firecrackers.

1.0.4 Where occupancies for different purposes are arranged in the same building, fire separation shall be provided between them. The fire protection design for this building and their functional occupancies shall be determined according to the relevant requirements of this code.

1.0.5 The fire protection design of buildings shall comply with the relevant national principles and policies, and guarantee, on the whole, safety and usability, advanced technology as well as economy and rationality according to the characteristics of buildings and fire hazards in them.

1.0.6 In addition to meeting the requirements of this code, the buildings with height larger than 250m shall also be taken with stricter fire prevention measures according to the actual conditions. Their fire protection design shall be submitted to the national fire authorities for subject study and demonstration.

1.0.7 In addition to the requirements of this code, the fire protection design of buildings shall also comply with those specified in the current relevant standards of the nation.



2 Terminologies and Symbols



2.1 Terminologies



2.1.1 High-rise building

The residential buildings with height larger than 27m and the non-single-storey factory buildings, storages and other civil buildings with height larger than 24m.

Note: The calculation of building height shall meet those specified in Appendix A of this code.

2.1.2 Podium

The ancillary building with height not larger than 24m, which is beyond the projection of the main body of high-rise building but is connected with the main body.

2.1.3 Important public building

The public building which may cause heavy casualties, property loss and severe social impact in case of fire.

2.1.4 Commercial facilities

Small business houses such as stores, post offices, savings banks, barbershops located on the first floor or on the first floor and second floor of residential buildings, with the building area of each separated unit not larger than 300m2.

2.1.5 High rack storage

Mechanical or automatic rack storage, with rack height larger than 7m.

2.1.6 Semi-basement

A floor of a building, with the average height of the room ground below the outdoor design ground for 1/3~1/2 of the average clear height of such room.

2.1.7 Basement

A floor of a building, with the average height of the room ground below the outdoor design ground greater than 1/2 of the average clear height of such room.

2.1.8 Open flame location

A fixed location, indoor or outdoor, with exposed flame or red hot surface, excluding cooking appliance, induction cooker and the like in a civil building.

2.1.9 Sparking site

A fixed location like chimney with spotting fire, or for such operations as outdoor grinding wheel, electric welding, gas welding and gas cutting.

2.1.10 Fire resistance rating

A period starting from the time that the elements, accessories or structures of a building are exposed to fire, under standard fire resistance conditions, to the time that they lose bearing capacity, integrity or insulation, expressed in hours.

2.1.11 Fire partition wall

Non-combustible wall in a building, with fire resistance rating not inferior to relevant requirements, for preventing fire from spreading to adjacent areas.

2.1.12 Fire wall

Non-combustible wall in a building, with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h, for preventing fire from spreading to adjacent buildings or adjacent horizontal fire compartments.

2.1.13 Refuge floor (room)

A floor (room) in a building, for temporarily protecting people from fire and its smoke in case of fire.

2.1.14 Safety exit

Exit and entrance of staircase and external stair for safe evacuation of people or exit directly leading to internal and external safe areas.

2.1.15 Enclosed staircase

Staircase set with a door at its entrance, for preventing fire smoke and heat from entering into it.

2.1.16 Smoke-proof staircase

Staircase set with such facilities as smoke-proof front room, open balcony or concave corridor (collectively called as "front room") at its entrance and with all the doors leading to the front room and staircase of fire doors, for preventing fire smoke and heat from entering into it.

2.1.17 Exit passageway

Passageway which is taken with smoke-proof measures and is also set with fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h on both sides for people to go to outside safely.

2.1.18 Flash point

The lowest temperature (determined by closed cup method) of combustible liquid or solid where the mixture of vapor on their surface and air can flashover once meeting ignition source under specified test conditions.

2.1.19 Lower explosion limit

The minimum concentration where the mixture of combustible vapor, gas or dust with air can explode once meeting ignition source.

2.1.20 Boil-over oil

Water-contained oil products which can produce heat wave during combustion.

2.1.21 Fire separation distance

A spacing distance for preventing a burning building from igniting its adjacent buildings within certain time and facilitating fire control.

Note: The calculation method for fire separation distance shall meet those specified in Appendix B of this code.

2.1.22 Fire compartment

Partial space in a building, separated by fire wall, floor slab and other fire separation facilities and capable of preventing fire from spreading to the rest parts of the building within certain time.

2.1.23 Full water spout

A jet length from hose nozzle to a position where water spout equal to 90% of the jet flow passes through a round hole in diameter of 380mm.



2.2 Symbols



A - the pressure relief area

C - the pressure relief ratio

D - the diameter of storage tank

DN - the nominal diameter of pipe

ΔH - the height difference of buildings

L - the enclosed length of tunnel

N - the number of people

n - the number of seats

K - the characteristic index of explosion

V - the volume of building and stackyard or the volume or capacity of tank and bottle group

W - the capacity of stackyard for combustibles or grain silo, bin and barn



3 Factory Buildings and Storages



3.1 Classification of Fire Hazards



3.1.1 Fire hazards of production shall be classified according to such factors as the properties and quantity of substances used or generated during production, may be classified into Categories A, B, C, D and E, and shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.1.1.

Table 3.1.1 Classification of Fire Hazards of Production

Fire hazard category of production Fire hazard characteristics of production using or generating the following substances

A 1. Liquid with flash point less than 28℃;

2. Gas with lower explosion limit less than 10%;

3. Substances being capable of spontaneous decomposition at normal temperature or being capable of rapid spontaneous ignition or explosion after getting oxidized in the air;

4. Substances being capable of generating combustible gas and causing combustion or explosion at normal temperature under the action of water or the water vapor in the air;

5. Strong oxidizer which is apt to cause combustion or explosion in case of acid, heat, impact, friction, catalysis as well as such flammable inorganic substances as organic substance or sulfur;

6. Substances which can cause combustion or explosion in case of impact, friction or being exposed to oxidizer and organic substances;

7. Production where the operating temperature inside the enclosed equipment is not less than the spontaneous ignition temperature of the substance

B 1. Liquid with flash point not less than 28℃ but less than 60℃;

2. Gas with lower explosion limit not less than 10%;

3. Oxidizer not belonging to Category A;

4. Flammable solid not belonging to Category A;

5. Combustion-supporting gas;

6. Floating dust and fiber which can form explosive mixture together with air, and liquid fog drop with flash point not less than 60℃

C 1. Liquid with flash point not less than 60℃;

2. Combustible solid

D 1. Production where non-combustible substance is processed, with strong radiant heat, spark or flame frequently generated at high temperature or molten state;

2. Various production where gas, liquid and solid are used as fuel or gas and liquid are combusted for other purpose;

3. Production where or processing difficult-combustible substance is used at normal temperature

E Production where or processing non-combustible substance is used at normal temperature

3.1.2 When production with different fire hazards is carried out in a factory building or in any fire compartment of the factory building, the fire hazard category of production in factory building or in fire compartment shall be determined according to the part with higher fire hazard; when the quantity of flammables or combustibles used or generated during production process is small and is insufficient to constitute explosion or fire hazard, the fire hazard category may be determined according to the actual conditions; when one of the following conditions is met, the fire hazard category may be determined according to the part with lower fire hazard:

1 The production part with higher fire hazard accounts for less than 5% of the building area of this floor or this fire compartment or the painting section in Categories D and E factory buildings accounts for less than 10%, and fire cannot spread to other parts during fire accident or the production part with higher fire hazard has been taken with effective fire prevention measures;

2 The painting section in Categories D and E factory buildings is adopted with enclosed paint spraying process, negative pressure is kept inside the enclosed paint spraying space, the painting section is set with combustible gas detection and alarm system or automatic explosion suppression system, and the painting section accounts for no more than 20% of the building area of the local fire compartment.

3.1.3 The fire hazard of stored articles shall be classified according to such factors as the properties of stored articles and the quantity of combustibles in stored articles, may be classified into Categories A, B, C, D and E, and shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.1.3.

Table 3.1.3 Classification of Fire Hazards of Stored Articles

Fire hazard category of stored articles Fire hazard characteristics of stored articles

A 1. Liquid with flash point less than 28℃;

2. Gas with lower explosion limit less than 10%, and solid substance which can generate gas with lower explosion limit less than 10% under the action of water or the water vapor in the air;

3. Substance being capable of spontaneous decomposition at normal temperature or being capable of rapid spontaneous ignition or explosion after getting oxidized in the air;

4. Substance being capable of generating combustible gas and causing combustion or explosion at normal temperature under the action of water or the water vapor in the air;

5. Strong oxidizer which is apt to cause combustion or explosion in case of acid, heat, impact and friction as well as such flammable inorganic substances as organic substance or sulfur;

6. Substance which can cause combustion or explosion when in case of impact, friction or being exposed to oxidizer and organic substance

B 1. Liquid with flash point not less than 28℃ but less than 60℃;

2. Gas with lower explosion limit not less than 10%;

3. Oxidizer not belonging to Category A;

4. Flammable solid not belonging to Category A;

5. Combustion-supporting gas;

6. Articles which can get oxidized slowly at normal temperature if being exposed to air and cause spontaneous ignition due to accumulated heat

C 1. Liquid with flash point not less than 60℃;

2. Combustible solid

D Difficult-combustible articles

E Non-combustible articles

3.1.4 When articles of different fire hazards are stored in a storage or in any fire compartment of storage, the fire hazard of this storage or fire compartment shall be determined according to the articles with the highest fire hazard.

3.1.5 As for the storages of Categories D and E articles, if the weight of combustible package is larger than 1/4 of that of the articles or the volume of combustible package is larger than 1/2 of that of the articles, the fire hazard shall be determined as Category C.



3.2 Fire Resistance Class of Factory Buildings and Storages



3.2.1 The fire resistance class of factory buildings and storages may be classified into Classes I, II, III and IV, and the combustion performance and fire resistance rating of corresponding building elements shall not be inferior to those specified in Table 3.2.1 unless otherwise stated in this code.

Table 3.2.1 Combustion Performance and Fire Resistance Rating (h) of Factory Building and Storage Building Elements of Different Fire Resistance Classes

Element name Fire resistance class

Class I Class II Class III Class IV

Wall Fire wall Non-combustible

3.00 Non-combustible

3.00 Non-combustible

3.00 Non-combustible

3.00

Load bearing wall Non-combustible

3.00 Non-combustible

2.50 Non-combustible

2.00 Difficult-combustible

0.50

Walls of staircase and front room

Walls of elevator shaft Non-combustible

2.00 Non-combustible

2.00 Non-combustible

1.50 Difficult-combustible

0.50

Partition walls on both sides of evacuation passageway Non-combustible

1.00 Non-combustible

1.00 Non-combustible

0.50 Difficult-combustible

0.25

Non-load-bearing exterior wall

Partition wall between rooms Non-combustible

0.75 Non-combustible

0.50 Difficult-combustible

0.50 Difficult-combustible

0.25

Column Non-combustible

3.00 Non-combustible

2.50 Non-combustible

2.00 Difficult-combustible

0.50

Beam Non-combustible

2.00 Non-combustible

1.50 Non-combustible

1.00 Difficult-combustible

0.50

Floor slab Non-combustible

1.50 Non-combustible

1.00 Non-combustible

0.75 Difficult-combustible

0.50

Roof load-bearing elements Non-combustible

1.50 Non-combustible

1.00 Difficult-combustible

0.50 Combustible

Evacuation stairs Non-combustible

1.50 Non-combustible

1.00 Non-combustible

0.75 Combustible

Suspended ceiling (including ceiling joist) Non-combustible

0.25 Difficult-combustible

0.25 Difficult-combustible

0.15 Combustible

Note: As for the suspended ceiling made of non-combustible materials in buildings with Class II fire resistance, its fire resistance rating is not limited.

3.2.2 The fire resistance class of high-rise factory buildings and Categories A and B factory buildings shall not be less than Class II, and that of independent Categories A and B single-storey factory buildings with building area not greater than 300m2 may adopt Class III.

3.2.3 The fire resistance class of single-/multi-storey Category C factory buildings and multi-storey Categories D and E factory buildings shall not be less than Class III.

As for the factory buildings using or generating Class C liquids and the Category D factory buildings with spark, red hot surface and open flame, the fire resistance class shall not be less than Class II. As for single-storey Category C factory buildings with building area not greater than 500m2 and single-storey Category D factory buildings with building area not greater than 1,000m2, the fire resistance class may adopt Class III.

3.2.4 As for the buildings using or storing particularly valuable equipment or articles such as machinery, instruments and apparatuses, the fire resistance class shall not be less than Class II.

3.2.5 The fire resistance class of boiler house shall not be less than Class II. In case of coal-fired boiler house with total evaporation not larger than 4t/h, its fire resistance class may adopt Class III.

3.2.6 The fire resistance class of oil immersed transformer room and high-voltage distribution device room shall not be less than Class II, and other fire protection design shall meet the requirements of current national standard "Code for Design of Fire Protection for Fossil Fuel Power Plants and Substations" (GB 50229) and other relevant standards.

3.2.7 The fire resistance class of high rack storages, high-rise storages, Category A storages, multi-storey Category B storages and multi-storey Category C storages storing combustible liquid shall not be less than Class II.

The fire resistance class of single-storey Category B storages, single-storey Category C storages, multi-storey Category C storages storing combustible solids and multi-storey Categories D and E storages shall not be less than Class III.

3.2.8 The fire resistance class of grain silos shall not be less than Class II; the grain silo with Class II fire resistance may adopt steel silo.

The fire resistance class of grain storehouses shall not be less than Class III; the bulk grain storehouses with Class II fire resistance may be adopted with metal load-bearing elements without fire protection.

3.2.9 The fire resistance rating of fire walls in Categories A and B factory buildings and Categories A, B and C storages shall not be less than 4.00h.

3.2.10 The fire resistance rating of columns in single-storey factory buildings (storages) with Class I or II fire resistance shall not be less than 2.50h and 2.00h respectively.

3.2.11 As for the Class I fire resistance single-/multi-storey factory buildings (storages) with full protection of sprinkler system, the fire resistance rating of their roof load-bearing elements shall not be less than 1.00h.

3.2.12 Except Categories A and B storages and high-rise storages, if the non-load-bearing exterior walls of buildings with Class I or II fire resistance adopt non-combustible wall body, their fire resistance rating shall not be less than 0.25h; if they adopt difficult-combustible wall body, their fire resistance rating shall not be less than 0.50h.

As for the 4-storey or less Categories D and E overground factory buildings (storages) with Class I or II fire resistance, if their non-load-bearing exterior walls adopt non-combustible wall body, their fire resistance rating is not limited.

3.2.13 As for factory buildings (storages) with Class II fire resistance, if the partition wall between rooms in them adopt difficult-combustible wall body, the fire resistance rating shall be increased by 0.25h.

3.2.14 As for the prestressed reinforced concrete floor slabs in multi-storey factory buildings with Class II fire resistance, the fire resistance rating shall not be lower than 0.75h.

3.2.15 As for the accessible flat roof of factory buildings (storages) with Class I or II fire resistance, the fire resistance rating of the roof slab shall not be less than 1.50h and 1.00h respectively.

3.2.16 The roof slab of factory buildings (storages) with Class I or II fire resistance shall be made of non-combustible materials.

The roof waterproof layer should adopt non-combustible or difficult-combustible materials. If combustible waterproof materials are adopted and laid over combustible or difficult-combustible thermal insulation materials, the waterproof materials or the combustible/difficult-combustible thermal insulation materials shall be protected with non-combustible materials.

3.2.17 If it is necessary to adopt metal sandwich panels as the non-load-bearing exterior wall, partition walls between rooms and roof slab in buildings, the core material shall be non-combustible and its fire resistance rating shall meet the relevant requirements of this code.

3.2.18 Unless otherwise stated in this code, the fire resistance class of such factory buildings (storages) with load-bearing wooden columns and with walls made of non-combustible materials may be determined as Class IV.

3.2.19 Proper fire protection measures shall be taken at the exposed joint positions of precast reinforced concrete elements, and the fire resistance rating of joints shall not be less than that of corresponding elements.



3.3 Storeys, Occupied Area and Plane Arrangement of Factory Buildings and Storages



3.3.1 Unless otherwise stated in this code, the number of storeys of factory buildings and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.3.1.



Table 3.3.1 Number of Storeys of Factory Buildings and Maximum Permissible Building Area of Each Fire Compartment

Fire hazard category of production Fire resistance class of factory building Maximum permissible number of storeys Maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment (m2)

Single-storey factory building Multi-storey factory building High-rise factory building Underground or semi-underground factory building (including basement and semi-basement)

A Class I

Class II Single storey should be adopted 4,000

3,000 3,000

2,000 -

- -

-

B Class I

Class II Not limited

6 5,000

4,000 4,000

3,000 2,000

1,500 -

-

C Class I

Class II

Class III Not limited

Not limited

2 Not limited

8,000

3,000 6,000

4,000

2,000 3,000

2,000

- 500

500

-

D Classes I and II

Class III

Class IV Not limited

3

1 Not limited

4,000

1,000 Not limited

2,000

- 4,000

-

- 1,000

-

-

E Classes I and II

Class III

Class IV Not limited

3

1 Not limited

5,000

1,500 Not limited

3,000

- 6,000

-

- 1,000

-

-

Notes:

1 The fire compartments shall be separated by fire walls. As for the factory buildings with Class I or II fire resistance other than Category A factory buildings, if the building area of their fire compartment is larger than the values stated in this table and it is indeed difficult to build fire wall, fire roller shutter or water curtain for fire compartment may be adopted instead. If fire roller shutter is adopted, it shall meet the requirements of 6.5.3 in this code; if water curtain for fire compartment is adopted, it shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Code of Design for Sprinkler Systems" (GB 50084).

2 As for the multi-storey textile factory buildings with Class I fire resistance and single-/multi-storey textile factory buildings with Class II fire resistance other than the bast fiber factory buildings, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be increased by 0.5 times according to those specified in this table, but the raw cotton unpacking and blowing rooms shall be separated from other parts in the factory buildings with fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 2.50h; if it is required to set doors, windows or openings, Class A fire doors and windows shall be installed.

3 As for the single-/multi-storey combined paper factory buildings with Class I or II fire resistance, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be increased by 1.5 times according to those specified in this table. As for the combined wet paper factory buildings with Class I or II fire resistance, if automatic fire extinguishing system is set in the dryer hood of paper machine and effective fire extinguishing facilities are set at the finished section for the purpose of fire protection, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be determined according to the process requirements.

4 As for the operation tower of cereal silo with Class I or II fire resistance, if the number of worker at each storey does not exceed 2, the number of storeys is not limited.

5 The production rooms in combined cigaret factory buildings with Class I or II fire resistance, like rooms for raw material, stock, grouping formulation, silk reeling, silk storing and rolling package, auxiliary material turnover, temporary storage of finished products, and tobacco shred expansion by carbon dioxide, shall be divided into independent fire separation units, and may be separated by fire walls when the process conditions permit. Thereinto, the silk reeling, silk storing and rolling package rooms may divided into one fire compartment and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be determined according to the process requirements, but the silk reeling, silk storing and rolling package rooms shall be separated by fire partition walls and floor slabs with fire resistance rating not less than 2.00h and 1.00h respectively. In addition, proper measures shall be taken at the openings between horizontal and vertical fire separations in the factory buildings to prevent fire spreading.

6 As for the operation platform and repair platform in factory buildings, if the number of their users is less than 10, the platform area may not be counted into the building area of local fire compartment.

7 "-" means “not allowed”.

3.3.2 Unless otherwise stated in this code, the number of storeys of storages and their area shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.3.2.



Table 3.3.2 Number of Storeys of Storages and Their Area

Fire hazard category of stored articles Fire resistance class of storages Maximum permissible number of storeys Maximum permissible occupied area of each storage and maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment(m2)

Single-storey storage Multi-storey storage High-rise storage Underground or semi-underground storage (including basement and semi-basement)

Each storage Fire compartment Each storage Fire compartment Each storage Fire compartment Fire compartment

A Items 3 and 4

Items 1, 2, 5 and 6 Class I

Classes I and II 1

1 180

750 60

250 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

B Items1, 3 and 4 Class I and Class II

Class III 3

1 2,000

500 500

250 900

- 300

- -

- -

- -

-

Items 2, 5 and 6 Classes I and II

Class III 5

1 2,800

900 700

300 1,500

- 500

- -

- -

- -

-

C Item 1 Classes I and II

Class III 5

1 4,000

1,200 1,000

400 2,800

- 700

- -

- -

- 150

-

Item2 Classes I and II

Class III Not limited

3 6,000

2,100 1,500

700 4,800

1,200 1,200

400 4,000 1,000

- 300

-

D Classes I and II

Class III

Class IV Not limited

3

1 Not limited

3,000

2,100 3,000

1,000

700 Not limited

1,500 1,500

500

- 4,800

-

- 1,200

-

- 500

-

-

E Classes I and II

Class III

Class IV Not limited

3

1 Not limited

3,000

2,100 Not limited

1,000

700 Not limited

2,100 2,000

700

- 6,000

-

- 1,500

-

- 1,000

-

-

Notes:

1 The fire compartments in the storages must be separated by fire walls. The fire walls between the fire compartments in Categories A and B storages shall not be arranged with door, window or opening. The maximum permissible occupied area of underground or semi-underground storages (including basement and semi-basement) shall not be greater than that of the overground storages of corresponding category.

2 The barrel oil storages in oil depot shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Code for Design of Oil Depot" (GB 50074).

3 As for coal homogenizing storages with Class I or II fire resistance, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment shall not be greater than 12,000m2.

4 As for the independently built ammonium nitrate storages, calcium carbide storages, the storages of molecule products such as polyethylene, urea storages, blended coal storages, independent finished product storages of paper mill, when the fire resistance class of the building is not inferior to Class II, the maximum permissible occupied area of each storage and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be increased by 1.0 times according to those specified in this table.

5 The maximum permissible occupied area of grain storehouse with Class I or II fire resistance shall not be greater than 12,000m2, and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment shall not be greater than 3,000m2; the maximum permissible occupied area of grain storehouse with Class III fire resistance shall not be greater than 3,000m2, and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment shall not be greater than 1,000m2.

6 As for single-storey cotton warehouse with Class I or II fire resistance and with occupied area not greater than 2,000 m2, the maximum permissible building area of each of its fire compartments shall not be greater than 2,000m2.

7 The maximum permissible occupied area of refrigeration storage with Class I or II fire resistance and the maximum permissible building area of each of its fire compartments shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Code for Design of Cold Store" (GB 50072).

8 "-" means not allowed.



3.3.3 Where automatic fire extinguishing system is arranged in the factory buildings, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be increased by 1.0 time according to those specified in 3.3.1 of this code. Where automatic fire extinguishing system is arranged in Categories D and E overground factory buildings, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment is not limited. Where local automatic fire extinguishing systems are arranged in the factory buildings, the increased area of their fire compartment may be calculated as 1.0 times of this local area.

Where automatic fire extinguishing system is arranged in the storages (except the fire compartments in the refrigeration storage), the maximum permissible occupied area of each storage and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be increased by 1.0 time according to those specified in 3.3.2 of this code.

3.3.4 Categories A and B production occupancies (storages) shall not be arranged underground or semi-underground.

3.3.5 Staff dormitory must not be arranged in the factory buildings.

Offices and resting rooms shall not be arranged in Categories A and B factory buildings; if offices and resting rooms must be adjacent to the factory buildings, they shall reach Class II fire resistance at least and blast walls with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h shall be used to separate them from the factory buildings; in addition, independent safety exits shall be arranged.

Where offices and resting rooms are arranged in Category C factory buildings, fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 2.50h and floor slab with fire resistance rating not less than 1.00h shall be used to separate them from other positions; in addition, at least 1 independent safety exit shall be arranged. Where it is needed to arrange interconnected doors on partition wall, Class B fire doors shall be adopted.

3.3.6 Where intermediate storages are arranged in the factory buildings, the following requirements shall be met:

1 Categories A and B intermediate storages shall be arranged adjacent to external wall, their storage capacity should not exceed the demand for one day and night;

2 Categories A, B and C intermediate storages shall adopt fire walls and non-combustible floor slabs with fire resistance rating not less than 1.50 h to separate them from other positions;

3 Categories D and E intermediate storages shall adopt fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 2.00h and floor slab with fire resistance rating not less than 1.00h to separate them from other positions;

4 The fire resistance class and occupied area of storages shall meet the requirements of 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 in this code.

3.3.7 The intermediate tanks for Class C liquid in the factory buildings shall be arranged in separate rooms and their capacity shall not be greater than 5m3. As for rooms arranged with intermediate tanks, fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h and floor slabs with fire resistance rating not less than 1.50h shall be used to separate them from other positions; in addition, Class A fire doors shall be adopted for those rooms.

3.3.8 The outdoor power transformation and distribution stations shall not be arranged in or adjacent to Categories A and B factory buildings, and shall not be arranged in hazardous areas exposed to explosive gas or dust. As for 10kV or below special outdoor power transformation and distribution stations for Categories A and B factory buildings, they may be adjacent to each other on one side where fire wall without door, window or opening is adopted. Moreover, they shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Electrical Installations Design Code for Explosive Atmospheres and Fire Hazard" (GB 50058), etc.

As for power distribution station for Category B factory buildings, Class A fire window shall be adopted where a window must be arranged on the fire wall.

3.3.9 The staff dormitory must not be arranged in the storages.

The offices and resting rooms must not be arranged in or adjacent to Categories A and B storages.

Where offices and resting rooms are arranged in Categories C and D storages, fire partition wall with fire resistance rating not less than 2.50h and floor slab with fire resistance rating not less than 1.00h shall be used to separate them from other positions; in addition, independent safety exit shall be arranged. Where it is needed to arrange interconnected doors on partition wall, Class B fire doors shall be adopted.

3.3.10 The fire protection design of logistics buildings shall meet the following requirements:

1 Where the main functions of the buildings are operations such as sorting and processing, the fire protection design shall be determined according to the relevant requirements of factory buildings in this code, while the fire protection design of storages shall be determined according to intermediate storages.

2 Where the main function of a building is storage or it is difficult to distinguish the main function of a building, the fire protection design shall be determined according to the relevant requirements of storages in this code, however, where the operating areas such as sorting area adopt fire wall to completely separate them from storage areas, the fire protection requirements of operating areas and storage areas may be respectively determined according to the relevant requirements of factory buildings and storages in this code. Thereinto, where the operating areas such as sorting area adopt fire wall to completely separate them from storage areas, and when the following conditions are met, except Category C high rack storages of automation control, the maximum permissible building area of the fire compartments of storage area and the maximum permissible occupied area of the buildings in storage area may be increased by 3.0 times according to the requirements of Table 3.3.2 (excluding the notes) in this code;

1) Storing Category C articles except combustible liquid, cotton, linen, silk, wool and other textiles, foam plastic and other articles, and the building fire resistance class is not inferior to Class I;

2) Storing Categories D and E articles and the building fire resistance class is not inferior to Class II;

3) Automatic water fire extinguishing systems and fire alarm systems are arranged in the whole building.

3.3.11 Railway line shall not be arranged in Categories A and B factory buildings(storages).

As for the Categories C, D and E factory buildings (storages) with access of steam locomotive and diesel locomotive, non-combustibles shall be adopted for their roofs or other fire control measures shall be taken.



3.4 Fire Separation Distance of Factory Buildings



3.4.1 Unless otherwise stated in this code, the fire separation distance between factory buildings and between factory buildings and Categories B, C, D and E storages shall not be less than those specified in Table 3.4.1, and the fire separation distance with Category A storage shall meet those specified in 3.5.1 this code.



Table 3.4.1 Fire Separation Distance between Factory Buildings as well as between Factory Buildings and Categories B, C, D and E Storages or Civil Buildings (m)

Name Category A factory buildings Category B factory buildings (storages) Categories C, D and E factory buildings (storages) Civil buildings

Single-/multi-storey Single-/multi-storey High-rise Single-/multi-storey High-rise Podium and single-/multi-storey High-rise

Classes I and II Classes I and II Class III Classes I and II Classes I and II Class III Class IV Classes I and II Classes I and II Class III Class IV Category I Category II

Category A factory buildings Single-/multi-storey Classes I and II 12 12 14 13 12 14 16 13 25 50

Class B factory buildings Single-/multi-storey Classes I and II 12 10 12 13 10 12 14 13

Class III 14 12 14 15 12 14 16 15

High-rise Classes I and II 13 13 15 13 13 15 17 13

Category C factory buildings Single-/multi-storey Classes I and II 12 10 12 13 10 12 14 13 10 12 14 20 15

Class III 14 12 14 15 12 14 16 15 12 14 16 25 20

Class IV 16 14 16 17 14 16 18 17 14 16 18

High-rise Classes I and II 13 13 15 13 13 15 17 13 13 15 17 20 15

Categories D and E factory buildings Single-/multi-storey Classes I and II 12 10 12 13 10 12 14 13 10 12 14 15 13

Class III 14 12 14 15 12 14 16 15 12 14 16 18 15

Class IV 16 14 16 17 14 16 18 17 14 16 18

High-rise Classes I and II 13 13 15 13 13 15 17 13 13 15 17 15 13

Outdoor power transformation and distribution stations Total oil mass of transformer

(t) ≥5, ≤10 25 25 25 25 12 15 20 12 15 20 25 20

>10, ≤50 15 20 25 15 20 25 30 25

>50 20 25 30 20 25 30 35 30

Notes:

1 The fire separation distance between Category B factory buildings and important public buildings should not be less than 50m; the fire separation distance between Category B factory buildings and open flame or sparking site should not be less than 30m. The fire separation distance between single-/multi-storey Category E factory buildings as well as that between them and Category E storages may be reduced by 2m according to those specified in this table. The fire separation distance between single-/multi-storey Category E factory buildings and civil buildings may be determined according to the requirements of 5.2.2 in this code. The separate residential buildings set for Categories C, D and E factory buildings shall be determined according to the requirements of civil buildings. The fire separation distance between those residential buildings and their factory buildings shall not be less than 6m. If adjacent arrangement is really required, it shall meet the requirements of Notes 2 and 3 in this table.

2 When the adjacent higher exterior wall of two factory buildings is the fire wall, the adjacent exterior wall on any side of two adjacent buildings with Class I or II fire resistance with the same height is the fire wall and the fire resistance rating of the roof is not less than 1.00 h, the fire separation distance is not limited, but the distance between Category A factory buildings shall not be less than 4m. If two adjacent exterior walls of two Categories C, D and E factory buildings are non-combustible, the sum of the occupied area of door, window or opening in each wall shall not be greater than 5% of the exterior wall area when there is no exposed combustible eave; in addition, if the door, window or opening is not opposite to each other, their fire separation distance may be reduced by 25% according to those specified in this table. Categories A and B factory buildings (storages) shall not be adjacent to the buildings not specified in 3.3.5 of this code.

3 As for two factory buildings with Class I or II fire resistance, where the adjacent lower exterior wall is fire wall and the roof of the lower factory building has no skylight and with fire resistance rating not less than 1.00 h, or Class A fire door and window or water curtain for fire compartment are arranged for the openings of door and window in the adjacent higher exterior wall or fire roller shutter is arranged for them according to 6.5.3 of this code, the fire separation distance between Categories A and B factory buildings shall not be less than 46m, and that between Categories C, D and E factory buildings shall not be less than 4m.

4 The oil mass of main transformer in the power plant may be determined by unit set.

5 As for the existing factory buildings with the fire resistance class lower than IV, their fire resistance class may be deemed as Class IV.

6 Where Categories C, D and E factory buildings are adjacent to Categories C, D and E storages, they shall meet the requirements of Notes 2 and 3 in this table.



3.4.2 The fire separation distance between Category A factory buildings and important public buildings shall not be less than 50m; the fire separation distance between Category A factory buildings and open flame or sparking site shall not be less than 30m.

3.4.3 The fire separation distance between Category A factory buildings with combustible gas or steam and railway or road shall not be less than those specified in Table 3.4.3. However, if safety measures are taken for the loading and unloading lines of railway in Category A factory buildings, their fire separation distance may not be limited by those specified in Table 3.4.3.

Table 3.4.3 Fire Separation Distance (m) between Category A Factory Buildings with Combustible Gas or Steam and Railway or Road

Name Center line of off-factory railway Center line of in-factory railway Off-factory roadside In-factory roadside

Primary Secondary

Category A factory buildings 30 20 15 10 5

3.4.4 The fire separation distance between high-rise factory building and Class A, B , C liquid tanks, combustible and combustion-supporting gas tank, LPG tank or stackyard for combustibles (except coal and coke yards) shall meet the requirements of Chapter 4 in this code, and shall not be less than 13m.

3.4.5 Where Categories C, D and E factory buildings and civil buildings reach Class I or II fire resistance, their fire separation distance may be reduced properly, but shall meet the following requirements:

1 Where the higher exterior wall or the exterior wall within 15m higher than the roof of the adjacent lower building is fire wall without door, window or opening, their fire separation distance is not limited;

2 If the adjacent lower exterior wall is fire wall and the roof has no skylight or the opening and the fire resistance rating of roof is not less than 1.00h, or the adjacent higher exterior wall is fire wall and fire control measures are taken for the opening in the wall, their fire separation distance may be properly reduced, but shall not be less than 4m.

3.4.6 If chemical flammable equipment is arranged outside the factory buildings, the fire separation distance between the external wall of such equipment and the external wall of outdoor equipment arranged outside the adjacent factory buildings or the exterior wall of the adjacent factory buildings shall not be less than those specified in 3.4.1 of this code. The outdoor equipment fabricated with non-combustible material may be determined according to buildings with Class I or II fire resistance.

If Class C liquid tank with the total volume not greater than 15m3 is directly buried outside the exterior wall of the factory buildings and the exterior wall within 4.0m from the tank is fire wall, their fire separation distance is not limited.

3.4.7 As for the same U-shaped or orographic factory building, the fire separation distance between two adjacent wings should not be less than those specified in 3.4.1 of this code. However, where the occupied area of the factory building is less than the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment specified in 3.3.1 of this code, such fire separation distance may be 6m.

3.4.8 Except high-rise factory buildings and Category A factory buildings, where the sum of the occupied area of several factory buildings of other categories is less than the maximum permissible building area of fire compartment specified in 3.3.1 of this code (the maximum permissible building area of fire compartment is subject to the smaller one, but shall not be greater than 10,000m2 if it is not limited), they can be arranged by group. Where the height of factory buildings is not greater than 7m, the fire separation distance between factory buildings in a group shall not be less than 4m; where the height of factory buildings is greater than 7m, the fire separation distance between factory buildings in a group shall not be less than 6m.

The fire separation distance between groups or between group and adjacent buildings shall be subject to the one with inferior fire resistance class and shall be determined according to those specified in 3.4.1 of this code.

3.4.9 Class I oil filling station, Class I gas filling station and Class I oil & gas filling station shall not be arranged in urban built-up area.

1 General Provisions
2 Terminologies and Symbols
2.1 Terminologies
2.2 Symbols
3 Factory Buildings and Storages
3.1 Classification of Fire Hazards
3.2 Fire Resistance Class of Factory Buildings and Storages
3.3 Storeys, Occupied Area and Plane Arrangement of Factory Buildings and Storages
3.4 Fire Separation Distance of Factory Buildings
3.5 Fire Separation Distance of Storages
3.6 Explosion Prevention of Factory Buildings and Storages
3.7 Safe Evacuation of Factory Buildings
3.8 Safe Evacuation of Storages
4 Class A, B, C Liquid and Gas Tanks (Tank Farm) and Stackyard for Combustibles
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Fire Separation Distance of Class A, B, C Liquid Tanks (Tank Farm)
4.3 Fire Separation Distance of Combustible and Combustion-supporting Gas Tanks (Tank Farm)
4.4 Fire Separation Distance of LPG Tanks (Tank Farm)
4.5 Fire Separation Distance of Stackyard for Combustibles
5 Civil Buildings
5.1 Classification and Fire Resistance Class
5.2 General Layout
5.3 Fire Compartment and Storeys
5.4 Plane Arrangement
5.5 Safe Evacuation and Refuge
6 Building Construction
6.1 Fire Wall
6.2 Building Elements and Pipe Shafts
6.3 Roof, Blind Ceiling and Joints
6.4 Evacuation Staircases and Stairs
6.5 Fire Door, Window and Fire Roller Shutter
6.6 Overpass, Trestle and Pipe Trench
6.7 Building Insulation and Exterior Wall Finish System
7 Fire Fighting and Rescue Facilities
7.1 Fire Lane
7.2 Field for Fire Fighting
7.3 Fire Elevator
7.4 Helicopter Landing Pad
8 Arrangement of Fire-fighting Facilities
8.1 General Requirements
8.2 Indoor Fire Hydrant System
8.3 Automatic Fire Extinguishing System
8.4 Fire Alarm System
8.5 Smoke Control and Smoke Exhaust System
9 Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
9.1 General Requirements
9.2 Heating
9.3 Ventilating and Air Conditioning
10 Electric System
10.1 Fire Power Supply and Distribution
10.2 Power Line and Electric Equipment
10.3 Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indicating Sign
11 Timber Buildings
12 City Road Tunnel
12.1 General Requirements
12.2 Fire Water Supply and Fire Extinguishing Equipment
12.3 Ventilating and Smoke Exhaust System
12.4 Fire Alarm System
12.5 Power Supply and Other Requirements
Appendix A Calculation Method of Building Height and Storeys
Appendix B Calculation Method of Fire Separation Distance
Appendix C Temperature-rise Curve for Fire Resistance Rating Test and Performance Criteria of Load-bearing Structure in Tunnel
Explanation of Wording in This Code
List of Quoted Standards

1 总 则
1.0.1 为了预防建筑火灾，减少火灾危害，保护人身和财产安全，制定本规范。
1.0.2 本规范适用于下列新建、扩建和改建的建筑：
1厂房；
2仓库；
3民用建筑；
4甲、乙、丙类液体储罐(区)；
5可燃、助燃气体储罐(区)；
6可燃材料堆场；
7城市交通隧道。
人民防空工程、石油和天然气工程、石油化工工程和火力发电厂与变电站等的建筑防火设计，当有专门的国家标准时，宜从其规定。
1.0.3本规范不适用于火药、炸药及其制品厂房(仓库)、花炮厂房(仓库)的建筑防火设计。
1.0.4 同一建筑内设置多种使用功能场所时，不同使用功能场所之间应进行防火分隔，该建筑及其各功能场所的防火设计应根据本规范的相关规定确定。
1.0.5 建筑防火设计应遵循国家的有关方针政策，针对建筑及其火灾特点，从全局出发，统筹兼顾，做到安全适用、技术先进、经济合理。
1.0.6 建筑高度大于250m的建筑，除应符合本规范的要求外，尚应结合实际情况采取更加严格的防火措施，其防火设计应提交国家消防主管部门组织专题研究、论证。
1.0.7建筑防火设计除应符合本规范的规定外，尚应符合国家现行有关标准的规定。
2术语、符号
2.1 术 语
2.1.1高层建筑high-rise building
建筑高度大于27m的住宅建筑和建筑高度大于24m的非单层厂房、仓库和其他民用建筑。
注：建筑高度的计算应符合本规范附录A的规定。
2.1.2裙房podium
在高层建筑主体投影范围外，与建筑主体相连且建筑高度不大于24m的附属建筑。
2.1.3重要公共建筑 important public building
发生火灾可能造成重大人员伤亡、财产损失和严重社会影响的公共建筑。
2.1.4商业服务网点 commercial facilities
设置在住宅建筑的首层或首层及二层，每个分隔单元建筑面积不大于300m2的商店、邮政所、储蓄所、理发店等小型营业性用房。
2.1.5高架仓库high rack storage
货架高度大于7m且采用机械化操作或自动化控制的货架仓库。
2.1.6半地下室 semi basement
房间地面低于室外设计地面的平均高度大于该房间平均净高1/8，且不大于1/2者。
2.1.7地下室 basement
房间地面低于室外设计地面的平均高度大于该房间平均净高1/2者。
2.1.8 明火地点 open flame location
室内外有外露火焰或赤热表面的固定地点(民用建筑内的灶具、电磁炉等除外)。
2.1.9散发火花地点 sparking site
有飞火的烟囱或进行室外砂轮、电焊、气焊、气割等作业的固定地点。
2.1.10耐火极限 fire resistance rating
在标准耐火试验条件下，建筑构件、配件或结构从受到火的作用时起，至失去承载能力、完整性或隔热性时止所用时间，用小时表示。
2.1.11 防火隔墙 fire partition wall
建筑内防止火灾蔓延至相邻区域且耐火极限不低于规定要求的不燃性墙体。
2.1.12防火墙 fire wall
防止火灾蔓延至相邻建筑或相邻水平防火分区且耐火极限不低于3.00h的不燃性墙体。
2.1.13避难层(间) refuge floor(room)
建筑内用于人员暂时躲避火灾及其烟气危害的楼层(房间)。
2.1.14安全出口 safety exit
供人员安全疏散用的楼梯间和室外楼梯的出入口或直通室内外安全区域的出口。
2.1.15封闭楼梯间 enclosed staircase
在楼梯间入口处设置门，以防止火灾的烟和热气进入的楼梯间。
2.1.16防烟楼梯间 smoke-proof staircase
在楼梯间入口处设置防烟的前室、开敞式阳台或凹廊(统称前室)等设施，且通向前室和楼梯间的门均为防火门，以防止火灾的烟和热气进入的楼梯问。
2.1.17 避难走道 exit passageway
采取防烟措施且两侧设置耐火极限不低于3.00h的防火隔墙，用于人员安全通行至室外的走道。
2.1.18 闪点 flash point
在规定的试验条件下，可燃性液体或固体表面产生的蒸气与空气形成的混合物，遇火源能够闪燃的液体或固体的最低温度(采用闭杯法测定)。
2.1.19爆炸下限lower explosion limit
可燃的蒸气、气体或粉尘与空气组成的混合物，遇火源即能发生爆炸的最低浓度。
2.1.20沸溢性油品 boil-over oil
含水并在燃烧时可产生热波作用的油品。
2.1.21 防火间距 fire separation distance
防止着火建筑在一定时间内引燃相邻建筑，便于消防扑救的间隔距离。
注：防火间距的计算方法应符合本规范附录B的规定。
2.1.22 防火分区 fire compartment
在建筑内部采用防火墙、楼板及其他防火分隔设施分隔而成，能在一定时间内防止火灾向同一建筑的其余部分蔓延的局部空间。
2.1.23充实水柱 full water spout
从水枪喷嘴起至射流90％的水柱水量穿过直径380mm圆孔处的一段射流长度。
2.2 符 号
A——泄压面积；
C——泄压比；
D——储罐的直径；
DN——管道的公称直径；
ΔH——建筑高差；
L——隧道的封闭段长度；
N——人数；
n——座位数；
K——爆炸特征指数；
V——建筑物、堆场的体积，储罐、瓶组的容积或容量；
W一一可燃材料堆场或粮食筒仓、席穴囤、土圆仓的储量。
3厂房和仓库
3.1火灾危险性分类
3.1.1 生产的火灾危险性应根据生产中使用或产生的物质性质及其数量等因素划分，可分为甲、乙、丙、丁、戊类，并应符合表3.1.1的规定。
表3.1.1 生产的火灾危险性分类
生产的火灾危险性类别 使用或产生下列物质生产的火灾危险性特征
甲 1.闪点小于28℃的液体；
2.爆炸下限小于10％的气体；
3.常温下能自行分解或在空气中氧化能导致迅速自燃或爆炸的物质；
4.常温下受到水或空气中水蒸气的作用，能产生可燃气体并引起燃烧或爆炸的物质；
5.遇酸、受热、撞击、摩擦、催化以及遇有机物或硫黄等易燃的无机物，极易引起燃烧或爆炸的强氧化剂；
6.受撞击、摩擦或与氧化剂、有机物接触时能引起燃烧或爆炸的物质；
7.在密闭设备内操作温度不小于物质本身自燃点的生产

续表3.1.1
生产的火灾危险性类别 使用或产生下列物质生产的火灾危险性特征
乙 1.闪点不小于28℃，但小于60℃的液体；
2.爆炸下限不小于10％的气体；
3.不属于甲类的氧化剂；
4.不属于甲类的易燃固体；
5.助燃气体；
6.能与空气形成爆炸性混合物的浮游状态的粉尘、纤维、闪点不小于60℃的液体雾滴
丙 1.闪点不小于60℃的液体；
2.可燃固体
丁 1.对不燃烧物质进行加工，并在高温或熔化状态下经常产生强辐射热、火花或火焰的生产；
2.利用气体、液体、固体作为燃料或将气体、液体进行燃烧作其他用的各种生产；
3.常温下使用或加工难燃烧物质的生产
戊 常温下使用或加工不燃烧物质的生产

3.1.2 同一座厂房或厂房的任一防火分区内有不同火灾危险性生产时，厂房或防火分区内的生产火灾危险性类别应按火灾危险性较大的部分确定；当生产过程中使用或产生易燃、可燃物的量较少，不足以构成爆炸或火灾危险时，可按实际情况确定；当符合下述条件之一时，可按火灾危险性较小的部分确定：
1 火灾危险性较大的生产部分占本层或本防火分区建筑面积的比例小于5％或丁、戊类厂房内的油漆工段小于10％，且发生火灾事故时不足以蔓延至其他部位或火灾危险性较大的生产部分采取了有效的防火措施；
2 丁、戊类厂房内的油漆工段，当采用封闭喷漆工艺，封闭喷漆空间内保持负压、油漆工段设置可燃气体探测报警系统或自动抑爆系统，且油漆工段占所在防火分区建筑面积的比例不大于20％。
3.1.3储存物品的火灾危险性应根据储存物品的性质和储存物品中的可燃物数量等因素划分，可分为甲、乙、丙、丁、戊类，并应符合表3.1.3的规定。
表3.1.3 储存物品的火灾危险性分类
储存物品的火灾危险性类别 储存物品的火灾危险性特征
甲 1.闪点小于28℃的液体；
2.爆炸下限小于10％的气体，受到水或空气中水蒸气的作用能产生爆炸下限小于10％气体的固体物质；
3.常温下能自行分解或在空气中氧化能导致迅速自燃或爆炸的物质；
4.常温下受到水或空气中水蒸气的作用，能产生可燃气体并引起燃烧或爆炸的物质；
5.遇酸、受热、撞击、摩擦以及遇有机物或硫黄等易燃的无机物，极易引起燃烧或爆炸的强氧化剂；
6.受撞击、摩擦或与氧化剂、有机物接触时能引起燃烧或爆炸的物质

续表3.1.3
储存物品的火灾
危险性类别
储存物品的火灾危险性特征
乙 1.闪点不小于28℃，但小于60℃的液体；
2.爆炸下限不小于10％的气体；
3.不属于甲类的氧化剂；
4.不属于甲类的易燃固体；
5.助燃气体；
6.常温下与空气接触能缓慢氧化，积热不散引起自燃的物品
丙 1.闪点不小于60℃的液体；
2.可燃固体
丁 难燃烧物品
戊 不燃烧物品

3.1.4同一座仓库或仓库的任一防火分区内储存不同火灾危险性物品时，仓库或防火分区的火灾危险性应按火灾危险性最大的物品确定。
3.1.5 丁、戊类储存物品仓库的火灾危险性，当可燃包装重量大于物品本身重量1/4或可燃包装体积大于物品本身体积的1/2时，应按丙类确定。
3.2厂房和仓库的耐火等级
3.2.1厂房和仓库的耐火等级可分为一、二、三、四级，相应建筑构件的燃烧性能和耐火极限，除本规范另有规定外，不应低于表3.2.1的规定。
表3.2.1 不同耐火等级厂房和仓库建筑构件的燃烧性能和耐火极限(h)
构件名称 耐火等级
一级 二级 三级 四级
墙 防火墙 不燃性
3.00 不燃性
3.00 不燃性
3.00 不燃性
3.00
承重墙 不燃性
3.00 不燃性
2.50 不燃性
2.00 难燃性
0.50
楼梯间和前室的墙
电梯井的墙 不燃性
2.00 不燃性
2.00 不燃性
1.50 难燃性
0.50
疏散走道
两侧的隔墙 不燃性
1.00 不燃性
1.00 不燃性
0.50 难燃性
0.25
非承重外墙
房间隔墙 不燃性
0.75 不燃性
0.50 难燃性
0.50 难燃性
0.25
柱 不燃性
3.00 不燃性
2.50 不燃性
2.00 难燃性
0.50
梁 不燃性
2.00 不燃性
1.50 不燃性
1.00 难燃性
0.50
楼板 不燃性
1.50 不燃性
1.00 不燃性
0.75 难燃性
0.50
屋顶承重构件 不燃性
1.50 不燃性
1.00 难燃性
0.50 可燃性

续表3.2.1
构件名称 耐火等级
一级 二级 三级 四级
疏散楼梯 不燃性
1.50 不燃性
1.00 不燃性
0.75 可燃性
吊顶(包括吊顶搁栅) 不燃性
0.25 难燃性
0.25 难燃性
0.15 可燃性

注：二级耐火等级建筑内采用不燃材料的吊顶，其耐火极限不限。
3.2.2 高层厂房，甲、乙类厂房的耐火等级不应低于二级，建筑面积不大于300m2的独立甲、乙类单层厂房可采用三级耐火等级的建筑。
3.2.3单、多层丙类厂房和多层丁、戊类厂房的耐火等级不应低于三级。
使用或产生丙类液体的厂房和有火花、赤热表面、明火的丁类厂房，其耐火等级均不应低于二级。当为建筑面积不大于500m2的单层丙类厂房或建筑面积不大于1000m2的单层丁类厂房时，可采用三级耐火等级的建筑。
3.2.4使用或储存特殊贵重的机器、仪表、仪器等设备或物品的建筑，其耐火等级不应低于二级。
3.2.5锅炉房的耐火等级不应低于二级，当为燃煤锅炉房且锅炉的总蒸发量不大于4t/h时，可采用三级耐火等级的建筑。
3.2.6油浸变压器室、高压配电装置室的耐火等级不应低于二级，其他防火设计应符合现行国家标准《火力发电厂与变电站设计防火规范》GB 50229等标准的规定。
3.2.7 高架仓库、高层仓库、甲类仓库、多层乙类仓库和储存可燃液体的多层丙类仓库，其耐火等级不应低于二级。
单层乙类仓库，单层丙类仓库，储存可燃固体的多层丙类仓库和多层丁、戊类仓库，其耐火等级不应低于三级。
3.2.8粮食筒仓的耐火等级不应低于二级；二级耐火等级的粮食筒仓可采用钢板仓。
粮食平房仓的耐火等级不应低于三级；二级耐火等级的散装粮食平房仓可采用无防火保护的金属承重构件。
3.2.9 甲、乙类厂房和甲、乙、丙类仓库内的防火墙，其耐火极限不应低于4.00h。
3.2.10 一、二级耐火等级单层厂房(仓库)的柱，其耐火极限分别不应低于2.50h和2.00h。
3.2.11 采用自动喷水灭火系统全保护的一级耐火等级单、多层厂房(仓库)的屋顶承重构件，其耐火极限不应低于1.00h。
3.2.12除甲、乙类仓库和高层仓库外，一、二级耐火等级建筑的非承重外墙，当采用不燃性墙体时，其耐火极限不应低于0.25h；当采用难燃性墙体时，不应低于0.50h。
4层及4层以下的一、二级耐火等级丁、戊类地上厂房(仓库)的非承重外墙，当采用不燃性墙体时，其耐火极限不限。
3.2.13二级耐火等级厂房(仓库)内的房间隔墙，当采用难燃性墙体时，其耐火极限应提高0.25h。
3.2.14二级耐火等级多层厂房和多层仓库内采用预应力钢筋混凝土的楼板，其耐火极限不应低于0.75h。
3.2.15 一、二级耐火等级厂房(仓库)的上人平屋顶，其屋面板的耐火极限分别不应低于1.50h和1.00h。
3.2.16一、二级耐火等级厂房(仓库)的屋面板应采用不燃材料。
屋面防水层宜采用不燃、难燃材料，当采用可燃防水材料且铺设在可燃、难燃保温材料上时，防水材料或可燃、难燃保温材料应采用不燃材料作防护层。
3.2.17建筑中的非承重外墙、房间隔墙和屋面板，当确需采用金属夹芯板材时，其芯材应为不燃材料，且耐火极限应符合本规范有关规定。
3.2.18 除本规范另有规定外，以木柱承重且墙体采用不燃材料的厂房(仓库)，其耐火等级可按四级确定。
3.2.19预制钢筋混凝土构件的节点外露部位，应采取防火保护措施，且节点的耐火极限不应低于相应构件的耐火极限。
3.3 厂房和仓库的层数、面积和平面布置
3.3.1 除本规范另有规定外，厂房的层数和每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积应符合表3.3.1的规定。
表3.3.1 厂房的层数和每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积
生产的火灾危险性类别 厂房的耐火等级 最多允许
层数 每个防火分区的最大
允许建筑面积(m2)
单层厂房 多层厂房 高层厂房 地下或半地下厂房(包括地下或半地下室)
甲 一级
二级 宜采用
单层 4000
3000 3000
2000 —
— —
—
乙 一级
二级 不限
6 5000
4000 4000
3000 2000
1500 —
—

续表3.3.1
生产的火灾危险性类别 厂房的耐火等级 最多允许
层数 每个防火分区的最大
允许建筑面积(m2)
单层厂房 多层厂房 高层厂房 地下或半地下厂房(包括地下或半地下室)
丙 一级
二级
三级 不限
不限 不限8000
3000 6000
4000
2000 3000
2000
— 500
500
—
丁 一、二级
三级
四级 不限
3
1 不限4000
1000 不限2000
— 4000
—
— 1000
—
—
戊 一、二级
三级
四级 不限
3
1 不限5000
1500 不限3000
— 6000
—
— 1000
—
—

注：1 防火分区之间应采用防火墙分隔。除甲类厂房外的一、二级耐火等级厂房，当其防火分区的建筑面积大于本表规定，且设置防火墙确有困难时，可采用防火卷帘或防火分隔水幕分隔。采用防火卷帘时，应符合本规范第6.5.3条的规定：采用防火分隔水幕时，应符合现行国家标准《自动喷水灭火系统设计规范》GB 50084的规定。
2 除麻纺厂房外，一级耐火等级的多层纺织厂房和二级耐火等级的单、多层纺织厂房，其每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积可按本表的规定增加0.5倍，但厂房内的原棉开包、清花车间与厂房内其他部位之间均应采用耐火极限不低于2.50h的防火隔墙分隔，需要开设门、窗、洞口时.应设置甲级防火门、窗。
3 一、二级耐火等级的单、多层造纸生产联合厂房，其每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积可按本表的规定增加1.5倍。一、二级耐火等级的湿式造纸联合厂房，当纸机烘缸罩内设置自动灭火系统.完成工段设置有效灭火设施保护时.其每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积可按工艺要求确定。
4 一、二级耐火等级的谷物简仓工作塔，当每层工作人数不超过2人时，其层数不限。
5 一、二级耐火等级卷烟生产联合厂房内的原料、备料及成组配方、制丝、储丝和卷接包、辅料周转、成品暂存、二氧化碳膨胀烟丝等生产用房应划分独立的防火分隔单元，当工艺条件许可时，应采用防火墙进行分隔。其中制丝、储丝和卷接包车间可划分为一个防火分区.且每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积可按工艺要求确定，但制丝、储丝及卷接包车间之间应采用耐火极限不低于2.00h的防火隔墙和1.00h的楼板进行分隔。厂房内各水平和竖向防火分隔之间的开口应采取防止火灾蔓延的措施。
6 厂房内的操作平台、检修平台，当使用人数少于10人时，平台的面积可不计入所在防火分区的建筑面积内。
7“—”表示不允许。
3.3.2 除本规范另有规定外，仓库的层数和面积应符合表
3.3.2的规定。
表3.3.2仓库的层数和面积
储存物品的火灾
危险性类别 仓库的
耐火
等级 最多允许层数 每座仓库的最大允许占地面积和
每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积(m2)
单层仓库 多层仓库 高层仓库 地下或半地下仓库(包括地下或半地下室)
每座仓库 防火分区 每座仓库 防火分区 每座仓库 防火分区 防火
分区
甲 3、4项1、2、5、6项 一级一、二级 1
1 180
750 60
250 —
— —
— —
— —
— —
—
乙 1、3、4项 一、二级
三级 3
1 2000
500 500
250 900
— 300
— —
— —
— —
—
2、5、6项 一、二级
三级 5
1 2800
900 700
300 1500
— 500
— —
— —
— —
—
丙 1项 一、二级
三级 5
1 4000
1200 1000
400 2800
— 700
— —
— —
— 150
—
2项 一、二级
三级 不限
3 6000
2100 1500
700 4800
1200 1200
400 4000 1000
— 300
—

续表3.3.2
储存物品的火灾
危险性类别 仓库的
耐火
等级 最多允许层数 每座仓库的最大允许占地面积和
每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积(m2)
单层仓库 多层仓库 高层仓库 地下或半地下仓库(包括地下或半地下室)
每座仓库 防火分区 每座仓库 防火分区 每座仓库 防火分区 防火
分区
丁 一、二级
三级
四级 不限
3
1 不限3000
2100 3000
1000
700 不限1500 1500
500
— 4800
—
— 1200
—
— 500
—
—
戊 一、二级
三级
四级 不限
3
1 不限3000
2100 不限1000
700 不限2100 2000
700
— 6000
—
— 1500
—
— 1000
—
—

注：1 仓库内的防火分区之间必须采用防火墙分隔，甲、乙类仓库内防火分区之间的防火墙不应开设门、窗、洞口；地下或半地下仓库(包括地下或半地下室)的最大允许占地面积。不应大于相应类别地上仓库的最大允许占地面积。
2 石油库区内的桶装油品仓库应符合现行国家标准《石油库设计规范》GB 50074的规定。
3 一、二级耐火等级的煤均化库，每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积不应大于12000m2。
4 独立建造的硝酸铵仓库、电石仓库、聚乙烯等高分子制品仓库、尿素仓库、配煤仓库、造纸厂的独立成品仓库.当建筑的耐火等级不低于二级时，每座仓库的最大允许占地面积和每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积可按本表的规定增加1.0倍。
5 一、二级耐火等级粮食平房仓的最大允许占地面积不应大于12000m2，每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积不应大于3000m2；三级耐火等级粮食平房仓的最大允许占地面积不应大于3000m2，每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积不应大干1000m2。
6 一、二级耐火等级且占地面积不大于2000m2的单层棉花库房，其防火分区的最大允许建筑面积不应大于2000m2。
7 一、二级耐火等级冷库的最大允许占地面积和防火分区的最大允许建筑面积，应符合现行国家标准《冷库设计规范》GB 50072的规定。
8 “—”表示不允许。
3.3.3 厂房内设置自动灭火系统时，每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积可按本规范第3.3.1条的规定增加1.0倍。当丁、戊类的地上厂房内设置自动灭火系统时，每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积不限。厂房内局部设置自动灭火系统时，其防火分区的增加面积可按该局部面积的1.0倍计算。
仓库内设置自动灭火系统时，除冷库的防火分区外，每座仓库的最大允许占地面积和每个防火分区的最大允许建筑面积可按本规范第3.3.2条的规定增加1.0倍。
3.3.4 甲、乙类生产场所(仓库)不应设置在地下或半地下。
3.3.5员工宿舍严禁设置在厂房内。
办公室、休息室等不应设置在甲、乙类厂房内，确需贴邻本厂房时，其耐火等级不应低于二级，并应采用耐火极限不低于3.00h的防爆墙与厂房分隔。且应设置独立的安全出口。
办公室、休息室设置在丙类厂房内时，应采用耐火极限不低于2.50h的防火隔墙和1.00h的楼板与其他部位分隔，并应至少设置1个独立的安全出口。如隔墙上需开设相互连通的门时。应采用乙级防火门。
3.3.6 厂房内设置中问仓库时，应符合下列规定：
1 甲、乙类中间仓库应靠外墙布置，其储量不宜超过1昼夜的需要量；
2 甲、乙、丙类中间仓库应采用防火墙和耐火极限不低于1.50h的不燃性楼板与其他部位分隔；
3 丁、戊类中间仓库应采用耐火极限不低于2.00h的防火隔墙和1.00h的楼板与其他部位分隔；
4 仓库的耐火等级和面积应符合本规范第3.3.2条和第3.3.3条的规定。
3.3.7 厂房内的丙类液体中间储罐应设置在单独房间内，其容量不应大于5m3。设置中间储罐的房问，应采用耐火极限不低于3.00h的防火隔墙和1.50h的楼板与其他部位分隔，房间门应采用甲级防火门。
3.3.8 变、配电站不应设置在甲、乙类厂房内或贴邻，且不应设置在爆炸性气体、粉尘环境的危险区域内。供甲、乙类厂房专用的10kV及以下的变、配电站，当采用无门、窗、洞口的防火墙分隔时，可一面贴邻，并应符合现行国家标准《爆炸危险环境电力装置设计规范》GB 50058等标准的规定。
乙类厂房的配电站确需在防火墙上开窗时，应采用甲级防火窗。
3.3.9员工宿舍严禁设置在仓库内。
办公室、休息室等严禁设置在甲、乙类仓库内，也不应贴邻。
办公室、休息室设置在丙、丁类仓库内时，应采用耐火极限不低于2.50h的防火隔墙和1.00h的楼板与其他部位分隔，并应设置独立的安全出口。隔墙上需开设相互连通的门时，应采用乙级防火门。
3.3.10物流建筑的防火设计应符合下列规定：
1 当建筑功能以分拣、加工等作业为主时，应按本规范有关厂房的规定确定，其中仓储部分应按中间仓库确定。
2 当建筑功能以仓储为主或建筑难以区分主要功能时，应按本规范有关仓库的规定确定，但当分拣等作业区采用防火墙与储存区完全分隔时，作业区和储存区的防火要求可分别按本规范有关厂房和仓库的规定确定。其中，当分拣等作业区采用防火墙与储存区完全分隔且符合下列条件时，除自动化控制的丙类高架仓库外，储存区的防火分区最大允许建筑面积和储存区部分建筑的最大允许占地面积，可按本规范表3.3.2(不含注)的规定增加3.0倍：
1)储存除可燃液体、棉、麻、丝、毛及其他纺织品、泡沫塑料等物品外的丙类物品且建筑的耐火等级不低于一级；
2)储存丁、戊类物品且建筑的耐火等级不低于二级；
3)建筑内全部设置自动水灭火系统和火灾自动报警系统。