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According to the requirements of Document JIANBIAO [2014] No. 189 issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China, “Notification on printing and distributing the Plan 2015 for development and revision of national engineering construction standards and specifications”, this standard is developed by Huashang International Engineering Limited jointly with the parties concerned.
During the process of revising this standard, the drafting group, after extensive and deep investigation and careful summarization of practical experience, with reference to relevant foreign standards and based on widely soliciting opinions, has finalized this standard finally through review.
The main technical contents of this standard are general provisions, terms, basic requirements, architecture, structure, refrigeration, electric, water supply and drainage, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning and floor anti-freezing.
The following main technical contents of this standard have been revised:
1. The applicable scope of this standard has been adjusted, and the engineering design requirements of assembly cold store, subcritical direct steam compression refrigerating system with carbon dioxide as refrigerant and indirect refrigerating system with carbon dioxide and brine as refrigerating medium have been added.
2. The standards for the maximum allowable total floor area of cold storage room in a cold store and the maximum allowable building area of cold storage room in each fire compartment have been revised; the requirements for fire fighting and rescue of high-rise cold store have been added, and the fire resistance rating and fireproof structure requirements for heat-insulation materials of cold stores have been added.
3. Requirements for the scale of refrigerating system and for the selection of refrigerant, refrigerating medium and refrigerating system type have been added, as well as the contents on automatic monitoring and control of refrigerating system.
4. The design requirements for ammonia refrigerant leakage disposal have been adjusted and refined.
The provisions printed in bold type in this standard are compulsory and must be enforced strictly.
Standard for design of cold store
1 General provisions
1.0.1 This standard is developed with a view to standardizing and harmonize the technical requirements for cold store design, guide the cold store design, meet the technical requirements for food refrigeration and food sanitation requirements, for the purposes of economy, rationality, energy conservation, environmental protection, safety and reliability.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the newly constructed, expanded and reconstructed food cold store of subcritical direct steam compression refrigerating system with ammonia, halogenated hydrocarbon and their mixture, carbon dioxide as refrigerant and indirect refrigerating system with carbon dioxide, brine as refrigerating medium.
1.0.3 Cold store design shall be safe, reliable, energy-saving, environment-friendly, economical, reasonable, advanced and applicable.
1.0.4 In addition to this standard, the cold store design shall also comply with the relevant current national standards.
2 Terms
2.0.1
cold store
warehouse building with artificial refrigeration and cold insulation function, including storehouse, refrigerating machine room, power transformation and distribution room, etc.
2.0.2
assembly cold store
cold store assembled on site, whose storehouse uses lightweight composite sandwich panels (e.g., metal faced insulating sandwich panels) as thermal insulation and building envelope
2.0.3
high-rise cold store
cold store with two or more floors and a building height of more than 24 m, for which, when the height difference between the indoor floor and the outdoor floor on the first floor of the storehouse is not more than 1.5 m, this height difference is not included in the building height
2.0.4
high rack cold store
rack cold store controlled mechanically or automatically with a rack height exceeding 7 m
2.0.5
storehouse
main body of the cold store and its ancillary rooms such as staircase, elevator room and anteroom
2.0.6
anteroom
channel for goods entering and leaving cold storage room, ice storage room, chilling room and freezing room, which may be classified into temperature-controlled anterooms with artificial refrigeration function and non-temperature-controlled anterooms without artificial refrigeration function
2.0.7
closed platform
non-open platform or anteroom with the storehouse directly connected with the outside, and with external vehicle loading/unloading port, which is classified into temperature-controlled closed platform with artificial refrigeration function and non-temperature-controlled closed platform without artificial refrigeration function
2.0.8
cold room
generic term for rooms that has a function of artificial refrigeration, including cold storage room, ice storage room, chilling room, freezing room, temperature-controlled anteroom and temperature-controlled closed platform, etc.
2.0.9
chilling room
room for chilling products
2.0.10
freezing room
room for freezing products
2.0.11
cold storage room
room for storing cold-processed products
2.0.12
chilled food storage room
room for storing food with a temperature above freezing point but below normal temperature
2.0.13
frozen food storage room
room for storing frozen food
2.0.14
ice storage room
room for storing ice
2.0.15
refrigerating machine room
room where refrigeration compressor unit and auxiliary equipment for refrigeration are installed
2.0.16
cooling equipment load
heat removed by the evaporator to maintain the cold room at a certain temperature
2.0.17
mechanical load
heat removed by the refrigeration compressor to maintain the normal operation of the refrigerating system at a certain evaporation temperature
2.0.18
refrigerating system
whole system of machinery and equipment connected in sequence, including prime mover, which are hermetically connected through pipings and filled with refrigerant, according to the refrigeration cycle
3 Basic requirements
3.0.1 The design scale of cold store shall be based on the nominal volume of cold storage room or ice storage room. The cold stores with a nominal volume greater than 20,000 m3 shall be large cold stores, and those with a nominal volume of 5,000 m3~20,000 m3 shall be medium cold stores; those with a nominal volume less than 5,000 m3 shall be small cold stores. Nominal volume shall be determined by multiplying the indoor net area of cold storage room or ice storage room by the net height of the room.
3.0.2 The calculated capacity of the cold store for directly stacking refrigerated food may be calculated using the following equation:
(3.0.2)
where,
G——the calculated capacity of the cold store, t;
vi——the nominal volume of each cold storage room, m3;
ηi——the volume utilization coefficient of each cold storage room;
ρi——the calculated density of food in each cold storage room, kg/m3;
n——the number of cold storage rooms.
3.0.3 When the volume utilization coefficient of the cold storage room is calculated, the volume of goods that may be stacked in the cold storage room shall be deducted from the following spaces in the corresponding cold storage room:
1 Space occupied by channels, equipment, columns and other structures;
2 The space occupied by separating goods from equipment and structures;
3 The space occupied by the pallet.
3.0.4 The calculated capacity of cold store using racks to store refrigerated food may be calculated according to the sum of the maximum allowable storage capacity of each goods space (pallet). The number of goods spaces (pallets) shall be determined according to the actual arrangement.
3.0.5 The calculated density of food shall be based on the actual density, not less than those specified in Table 3.0.5.
Table 3.0.5 Calculated density of food
No. Food category Calculated density (kg/m3)
1 Frozen meat 400
2 Frozen cut meat 650
3 Frozen fish 470
4 Fresh eggs in baskets/boxes 260
5 Fresh vegetables 230
6 Fresh fruit in baskets/boxes 350
7 Frozen eggs 700
8 Machine-made ice 750
3.0.6 Outdoor meteorological parameters of cold store design shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard GB 50019 Design code for heating ventilation and air conditioning.
3.0.7 The design temperature and relative humidity of the cold room shall be determined according to the refrigeration process requirements of various foods, or may be selected as specified in Table 3.0.7. The temperature fluctuation range shall be determined according to the refrigeration process requirements of various foods; when there is no clear requirement of the refrigeration process, the temperature fluctuation range of the chilled food storage room should not exceed ±1°C, and that of frozen food storage room should not exceed ±1.5°C.
Table 3.0.7 Design temperature and relative humidity of cold room
No. Cold room Room temperature (°C) Relative humidity (%) Applicable foods
1 Chilling room 0~4 — Meat, eggs, etc.
2 Freezing room -23~-18 — Meat, poultry, rabbit, frozen eggs, vegetables, etc.
-30~-23 — Fish, shrimps, etc.
3 Chilled food storage room 0 85~90 Chilled meat and poultry
-2~0 80~85 Fresh eggs
-1~1 90~95 Chilled fresh fish
0~2 85~90 Apples, pears, etc.
-1~1 90~95 Chinese cabbage, young garlic, onion, spinach, coriander, carrot, cabbage, celery, lettuce, etc.
2~4 85~90 Potatoes, oranges, lychees, etc.
7~13 85~95 Pepper, kidney bean, cucumber, tomato, pineapple, citrus, etc.
11~16 85~90 Bananas, etc.
4 Frozen food storage room -20~-15 85~90 Frozen meat, poultry, by-products, frozen eggs, frozen vegetables, popsicles, etc.
-25~-18 90~95 Frozen fish, shrimp, frozen drinks, etc.
5 Ice storage room -6~-4 — Ice cubes made of salt water
3.0.8 The total thermal resistance of the building envelope shall be determined under the principle of economy and shall not be less than the minimum total thermal resistance.
3.0.9 The minimum spacing between rooms with ammonia refrigerating system, ammonia refrigerating equipment and pipings installed outdoors and civil buildings outside the plant shall not be less than 150 m; when the ammonia refrigerating system meets the requirements of 6.7.17 in this standard, the minimum spacing from the civil buildings outside the plant shall not be less than 60 m.
Foreword ii
1 General provisions
2 Terms
3 Basic requirements
4 Architecture
4.1 Site selection and general layout
4.2 Configuration of storehouse
4.3 Heat-insulation of storehouse
4.4 Vapor barrier and damp course of storehouse
4.5 Requisite structure of storehouse
4.6 Refrigerating machine room，electric substation and control room
5 Structure
5.1 General requirements
5.2 Load
5.3 Material
5.4 Protection and coating
6 Refrigeration
6.1 General requirements
6.2 Load calculation
6.3 Refrigeration system and equipment selection
6.4 Refrigeration equipment layout
6.5 Refrigeration piping
6.6 Thermal insulation and corrosion protection for refrigeration piping and equipment
6.7 Refrigeration system safety and monitoring
6.8 Refrigeration system automatic checking and control
7 Electric
7.1 Electric power supply
7.2 Refrigerating machine room
7.3 Storehouse
7.4 Refrigerant detection and alarm system
8 Water supply and drainage
8.1 General requirements
8.2 Water supply
8.3 Drainage
8.4 Fire water supply and safety protection
9 Heating, ventilating, air-conditioning and floor anti-freezing
9.1 General requirements
9.2 Heating and air-conditioning
9.3 Ventilating
9.4 Floor anti-freezing
9.5 Smoke control
Appendix A The calculation of floor anti-freezing heating load and air supply volume of mechanical ventilation in heating region
Explanation of wording in this standard
List of quoted standards
