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Organized by the Market System Construction Department of the Ministry of Commerce, on the base of the former national standard "Code for Design of Cold Store" GB 50072-2001, this standard is revised by the Internal Trade Engineering & Research Institute jointly with the organizations concerned according to the requirements of the document "Announcement on Printing and Publishing 'Development and Revision Plan (Batch 2) of Engineering Construction Standard and Codes in 2007'" (Jian Biao [2007] No. 126), issued by the former Ministry of Construction.
In the revision process, the drafting group carried out the stressed investigation on new and renovated cold stores in compliance with the relevant rules and policies on the fundamental construction in China in the last few years; convoked the symposia in 9 provinces and municipalities that the persons specialized in education, scientific research, engineering design equipment manufacture, building and installation participated in; extensively absorbed the opinions on the revision to the national standard "Code for Design of Cold Store" GB 50072-2001 (hereinafter referred to as the former standard); consulted international date relevant; finalized this standard upon the review of the experts by repeated revision and perfecting on the base of widely soliciting opinions.
The main changes of this revision include:
1. Enlarge the application scope of the former standard, covering cold store of various building scales, including hydrofluorocarbon refrigeration system, except ammonia refrigeration system.
2. Adjust the cold store land using and the fire compartment area under the premise of satisfying the fire protection requirements; adjust the total thermal resistance of the cold store external structure; and cancel the relevant requirements on ball clay brick usage in the former standard.
3. Cancel the formulae for the checking and calculation of refrigerating equipments in the former standard, and add the requirements on the design pressure and pressure of the industrial metallic piping for refrigerating system, as well as the selection of pipeline and pipe fittings material.
4. Add the safety monitoring measures for the refrigerant leakage in refrigerating machine room; and adjust the accident exhaust air volume in refigerating machine room.
5. Add the specific requirements specified in water quality and amount of production and domestic water for cold store; and add Section "Hydrant Water Supply and Safety Protection".
This standard consists of 9 chapters and an appendix, covering General Provisions, Terms, basic requirements, architecture, Construction, electricity, water supply and drainage, heating ventilation and ground frost-proof, and the content on the calculation of ground frost-proofing heating load and air supply volume of mechanical ventilation in heating region is detailed in Appendix A.
The provisions printed in bold type are compulsory ones and must be enforced strictly.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is in charge of the administration of this standard and the explanation of the compulsory provisions; the Market System Construction Department of the Ministry of Commerce is be responsible for the current management hereof; and the Internal Trade Engineering & Research Institute is responsible for the explanation of specific technical contents. During the process of implementing this standard, the relevant opinions and advice on revision or supplement, or the specific technical content requested to interpret, whenever necessary, can be posted or passed on to Internal Trade Engineering & Research Institute (address: No.99, Youanmenwai Dajie, Beijing 100069, China).
Chief development organization, participating development organization, chief drafting staffs and major examiners of this standard:
Chief development organization:
Internal Trade Engineering & Research Institute
Participating development organizations:
Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR)
Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security
Tianjin University of Commerce
Shanghai Ocean University
Harbin Commercial University
Chief drafting staffs: Xu Wei, Yu Wei, Xu Qinglei, Shi Jichun, Deng Jianping, Cheng Jinyuan, Yang Yifan, Wang Zongcun, Liu Bing, Tan Xiangdong, Song Lizhuo
Chief examiners: Wang Lizhong, Ni Zhaopeng, Xie Jing, Li Efei, Zhang Jianyi, Liu Zhiwei, Zhao Yuchuan, Qing Changgang, Zhao Xiaolong, Tang Junjie, Yang Wanhua
Contents
1 General Provisions 1
2 Terms 1
3 Basic Requirements 2
4 Architecture 5
4.1 Location and general layout of storehouse 5
4.2 Configuration of storehouse 6
4.3 Heat-insulation of storehouse 9
4.4 Vapor barrier and damp course of storehouse 13
4.5 Structure requirements 14
4.6 Refigerating machine room, electric substation and control room 15
5 Construction 16
5.1 General Requirements 16
5.2 Load 17
5.3 Materials 18
6 Refrigeration 19
6.1 Calculation of Cooling Equipment Load and Mechanical Load in Cold Room 19
6.2 Storehouse 24
6.3 Refrigerating Compressor and Accessories 27
6.4 Safety and Control 28
6.5 Pipeline and Hanger 30
6.6 Protecting the Cold, Warm-Keeping and Antiseptic of Refrigerating Pipeline and Apparatus 33
6.7 Ice-making and Ice-Storage 34
7 Electricity 34
7.1 Electric Substation 34
7.2 Refrigerating Machine Room 35
7.3 Storehouse 36
7.4 Automatic Control of Refrigeration Craft 39
8 Water Supply and Drainage 40
8.1 Water Supply 40
8.2 Drainage 42
8.3 Water Supply of Hydrant and Protection Safely 42
9 Heating Ventilation and Frost-Proof of Ground 43
Appendix A The Calculation of Ground Frost-Proof Heating Load and Air Supply Volume of Mechanical Ventilation in Heating Region 46
Explanation of Wording in This Code 49
List of Quoted Standards 50
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This standard is formulated to with a view to making the cold store design satisfy the food cold-storage technical and hygienic requirements.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to cold stores with a major structure as reinforced concrete or masonry structures that adopts vapour compression refrigeration system with refrigerant of ammonia, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and their mixture (hereinafter referred as ammonia or HFC refrigerating system), and it is not applicable to cave cold store, panel-assembled cold store and conditioned warehouse.
1.0.3 The design of cold stores shall accomplish advanced technology, environmental protection, economic feasibility and safety & usability.
1.0.4 This code specifies basic requirements of the design of cold stores; where this standard disagrees with the requirements of law or administrative regulation of the country, the law or administrative regulation of the country shall prevail.
1.0.5 In addition to meeting the requirements stated in this standard, the cold store design shall also meet the provisions specified in the relevant current national standards.
2 Terms
2.0.1 Cold store
Storage building complex with cold insulation function by artificial cooling and refrigeration, including refrigerating machine room and power transformation and distribution room, etc.
2.0.2 Storehouse
Main body of cold store building, and auxiliary rooms, like staircase, elevator and anteroom, to serve the cold store.
2.0.3 Anteroom
Passage for transporting goods in and out of chilling room, freezing room or cold storage room, which room temperature is normal or specific.
2.0.4 Cold room
General name of artificially-refrigerated rooms in a cold store, including chilling room, freezing room, cold storage room, ice storage room, low temperature anteroom, etc.
2.0.5 Chilling room
Room in which the chilling process of products is carried out.
2.0.6 Freezing room
Room in which the freezing process of products is carried out.
2.0.7 Cold storage room
Cold room used to store cold products: the cold room to store chilled products is referred to as chilled storage room; and the cold room to store frozen products is referred to as frozen storage room.
2.0.8 Ice storage room
Room to store ice.
2.0.9 Refrigerating machine room
General name of refrigerating machine rooms and equipment room.
2.0.10 Machine room
Room to locate refrigerating compressors. .
2.0.11 Equipment room
Room to locate refrigerating auxiliary equipments.
2.0.12 Cooling equipment load
Heat flow that needs to transmitted from a cold room to keep a certain temperature in the cold room.
2.0.13 Mechanical load
Heat flow taken off by the refrigerating compressor load to maintain the normal operation of the refrigerating system.
2.0.14 Refrigerating system
A closed refrigerating circuit consisted of refrigerating machine/equipment and relevant components connected with pipelines, in which the refrigerant absorbs and release heat in cycle.
2.0.15 Keep to the cooling (cold insulation)
Technical measures to prevent and reduce the external surface condensation and the refrigerating loss of the cryogenic equipments and pipes.
3 Basic Requirements
3.0.1 The design size of a cold store is calculated on the basis of the nominal volume of cold storage room or ice storage room. The cold store with a nominal volume greater than 20000 m3 is a large scale one; the cold store with a nominal volume of 20000 m3 ~5000 m3 is a middle scale one; and the one with a nominal volume less than 5000 m3 is a small scale.
The nominal volume is the product of the indoor net area (including the areas of column, foyer and refrigerating equipment) of cold storage room or ice storage room and the room net height.
3.0.2 The calculated tonnage of a cold store or ice storage room may be calculated according to following formula:
(3.0.2)
Where,
G——Calculated tonnage of a cold store or ice storage room (t);
V1——Nominal volume of a cold storage room or ice storage room (m3);
η——Packing factor of a cold storage room or ice storage room;
ρs——Bulk density of food (kg/m3).
3.0.3 The packing factor of a cold storage room shall not be less than the value specified in Table 3.0.3.
Table 3.0.3: packing factor of cold storage rooms
Nominal volume (m3) Packing factor η
500~1000 0.40
1001~2000 0.50
2001~10000 0.55
10001~15000 0.60
>15000 0.62
Note: 1 as for the cold stores only to store frozen processed food or chilled processed food, the nominal volume hereof listed in the table shall be sum of the nominal volumes of all cold storage rooms; as for the ones to store both frozen processed food and chilled processed food simultaneously, the nominal volume hereof listed in the table shall respectively be the sum of the nominal volumes of frozen storage rooms or chilled storage rooms.
2 The packing factor of vegetable cold store shall be the value (listed in Table 3.0.3) multiplied by the correction coefficient of 0.8.
3.0.4 If adopting goods shelf or special operating demand, the packing factor of the cold storage room may be determined according to the specific conditions.
3.0.5 The packing factor of ice storage room shall not be less than the values listed in Table 3.0.5.
Table 3.0.5: packing factor of ice storage room
Net height of ice storage room (m) Packing factor η
≤4.20 0.40
4.21~5.00 0.50
5.01~6.00 0.60
>6.00 0.65
3.0.6 The food bulk density shall be selected according to the requirements of Table 3.0.6.
Table 3.0.6: food bulk density
No. Type of food Density (kg/m3)
1 Frozen meat 400
2 Frozen cut meat 650
3 Frozen fish 470
4 Fresh eggs in cases or basket 260
5 Fresh vegetables 230
6 Fresh fruit in cases or basket 350
7 Frozen eggs 700
8 Can ice 750
9 Others Adopted according to the actual density
Note: where a cold store is used for storing pork, beef and mutton (including bird or rabbit meat) simultaneously, the density shall be 400kg/m3; where a cold store is used for storing only frozen sheep chamber, the density shall be 250 kg/m3; where a cold store is used for storing only frozen beef and mutton, the density shall be 330 kg/m3.
3.0.7 The outdoor meteorological parameter in cold store design shall meet the following requirements, besides the requirements of the current national standard "Specifications for the Design of Heating Ventilating and Air-conditioning" GB 50019:
1 In the calculation of the heat flow of cold room building envelope, the outdoor-calculated temperature shall be the calculated daily mean temperature (air conditioning outdoors in summer).
2 In the calculation of the minimum total thermal resistance of cold room building envelope, the outdoor-calculated relative humidity shall be mean relative humidity in the hottest month.
3 In the calculation of the door-open heat flow and the cold room ventilation air change flow, the outdoor-calculated temperature shall be the summer ventilation outdoor-calculated temperature; and the outside relative humidity shall the summer ventilation outdoor-calculated relative humidity.
3.0.8 The design temperature and relative humidity of a cold room shall be determined according to the cold storage craft requirement of foods, or may be selected according to requirements specified in Table 3.0.8.
Table 3.0.8: design temperature and relative humidity of cold rooms
No. Name of cold room Room temperature (℃) Relative humidity (%) Applicable food range
1 Chilling room 0~4 — Meat, egg, etc.
2 Freezing room -18~-23 — Meat, bird, rabbit, processed eggs, vegetable, etc.
-23~-30 — Fish, shrimp, etc.
3 Chilled storage room 0 85~90 Chilled meat and bird
-2~0 80~85 Fresh eggs
-1~+1 90~95 Iced fish
0~+2 85~90 Apple, pear, etc.
-1~+1 90~95 Celery cabbage, garlic sprouts, onion, spinach, parsley, carotte, kohlrabi, celery, lettuce, etc.
+2~+4 85~90 Potato, orange, litchi, etc.
+7~+13 85~95 Big capsicum, kidney bean, cucumber, tomato, Ananas sativus, tangerine, etc.
+11~+16 85~90 Banana, etc.
4 Frozen storage rooms -15~-20 85~90 Frozen meat, bird, byproduct , processed eggs, frozen vegetable, ice bar, etc.
-18~-25 90~95 Frozen fish, shrimp, frozen drinks, etc.
5 Ice store -4~-6 — Ice cake made of saline water
Note: in a chilled storage room, the design temperature should be 0℃, and the temperature and relative humidity in the storage process shall be adjusted according to the factors such as food origin, type, maturity, temperature drop duration, etc.
3.0.9 The products adopted shall be in accordance with the requirements of the relevant current national standards.
Contents
1 General Provisions
2 Terms
3 Basic Requirements
4 Architecture
4.1 Location and general layout of storehouse
4.2 Configuration of storehouse
4.3 Heat-insulation of storehouse
4.4 Vapor barrier and damp course of storehouse
4.5 Structure requirements
4.6 Refigerating machine room, electric substation and control room
5 Construction
5.1 General Requirements
5.2 Load
5.3 Materials
6 Refrigeration
6.1 Calculation of Cooling Equipment Load and Mechanical Load in Cold Room
6.2 Storehouse
6.3 Refrigerating Compressor and Accessories
6.4 Safety and Control
6.5 Pipeline and Hanger
6.6 Protecting the Cold, Warm-Keeping and Antiseptic of Refrigerating Pipeline and Apparatus
6.7 Ice-making and Ice-Storage
7 Electricity
7.1 Electric Substation
7.2 Refrigerating Machine Room
7.3 Storehouse
7.4 Automatic Control of Refrigeration Craft
8 Water Supply and Drainage
8.1 Water Supply
8.2 Drainage
8.3 Water Supply of Hydrant and Protection Safely
9 Heating Ventilation and Frost-Proof of Ground
Appendix A The Calculation of Ground Frost-Proof Heating Load and Air Supply Volume of Mechanical Ventilation in Heating Region
Explanation of Wording in This Code
List of Quoted Standards
