标准编号:	GB/T 8427-2019
中文名称:	纺织品 色牢度试验 耐人造光色牢度：氙弧
英文名称:	Textiles－Tests for color fastness－Color fastness to artificial light：Xenon arc
中标分类:	W04    基础标准与通用方法
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	59.080.01 59.080.01    纺织产品综合 59.080.01
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2019-12-31
实施日期:	2020-7-1
标准状态:	现行
替代旧标准:	GB/T 8427-2008 纺织品 色牢度试验 耐人造光色牢度：氙弧
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	33000 字
翻译价格(元):	1000.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.



This standard replaces GB/T 8427-2008 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Color fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc fading lamp test. The following main changes have been made with respect to GB/T 8427-2008:



——the note in Clause 1 of the former standard is adjusted to the note in Clause 3 of this standard;



——for the normative references, GB/T 8426 is deleted; FZ/T 01024 is replaced by GB/T 32616, and GB/T 730, ISO 105-B01: 2014 and ISO 9370 are added;



——"For white (bleached or fluorescent brightened) textiles, the whiteness change of the test specimen is compared with the blue wool reference material to assess the color fastness" is deleted (see Clause 3 of Edition 2008);



——the clause of “Principle” is added (see Clause 4);



——“The blue wool reference materials 1 to 8 used in this test shall meet the quality requirements specified in GB/T 730” is added (see 5.1.2);



——the content of “humidity-test control fabric” is deleted (see 4.1.3 of Edition 2008);



——"the content of devices, not distinguishing air-cooled type and water-cooled type in detail" is adjusted (see 5.2; 4.2 of Edition 2008);



——the "irradiance allowance” is added (see 5.2.1.5);



——5.3 is deleted (see 5.3 of Edition 2008);



——the exposure conditions are adjusted (see Clause 7);



——the effective humidity adjustment procedures are detailed (see 8.2);



——the preliminary assessment on the test specimens is added (see 8.3.2.4);



——the method of replacing the original cover with the enlarged cover is added (see 8.3.2.7, 8.3.3.5, 8.3.3.6, 8.3.4.4 and 8.3.5.4);



——L9 corresponding to rating of color fastness to light of 8 is modified to L8 (see 8.3.2.9; 7.2.2.4 of Edition 2008);



——L4 corresponding to rating of color fastness to light of 6 is modified to L5 (see 8.3.3.6; 7.2.3.4 of Edition 2008);



——the test procedures of Method 3 are detailed and the blue wool reference materials are expanded to three types from the former two ones (see 8.3.4; 7.2.4 of Edition 2008);



——the assessment stage in Method 4 is modified from "grey scale grade 4 and (or) grade 3" to "grey scale grade 4 and grade 3" (see 8.3.5; 7.2.5 of Edition 2008);



——“based on the contrasts equal to grey scale grade 4 and grey scale grade 3 (5.2.9)" is modified (see 9.1; 8.1 of Edition 2008);



——"a rating of ‘less than 1’ (or ‘less than L2’) is given” is modified (see 9.3, 8.3 in 2008);



——the report of rating results of each stage is added [see Clauses 10 (c) and (d)];



——Annexes A, B and C of the former standard are deleted and updated as Annex C of this standard through consolidation;



——Annex D of the former standard is adjusted to Annex A of this standard;



——Annex E of the former standard is adjusted to be Annex B of this standard;



——Annex D is added;



——Annex E added.



This standard is modified in relation to ISO 105-B02: 2014 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Part B02: Color fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc fading lamp test.



The following structural changes have been made with respect to ISO 105-B02: 2014:



——the positions of the clause "Principle” and the clause "Terms and definitions" are exchanged;



——the clause numbers under 5.2.1.4 are deleted to avoid sub-clauses under untitled clause;



——the clause numbers under 5.2.1.5 are deleted to avoid suspension paragraphs and sub-clauses under untitled clause;



——"Annex D" is adjusted to "Annex A", "Annex C" to "Annex B", "Annex A" to "Annex C" and "Annex B" to "Annex D" in this standard.



Compared with ISO 105-B02: 2014, technical differences and their reasons are as follows:



——the adjustments of technical difference are made for the normative references in this standard so as to adapt to the technical conditions in China. The adjustment is mainly reflected in Clause 2 "Normative references" with the specific adjustments as follows:



 ISO 105-A02 is replaced by GB/T 250 which is identical to the international standard;



 ISO 105-B08 is replaced by GB/T 730 which is modified in relation to the international standard;



 ISO 105-A01 is replaced by GB/T 6151 which is modified in relation to the international standard;



 ISO 3696 is replaced by GB/T 6682 which is modified in relation to the international standard;



 ISO 105-B05 is replaced by GB/T 8431 which is equivalent to the international standard;



 ISO 105-A05 is replaced by GB/T 32616 which is modified in relation to the international standard;



 FZ/T 01047 is added for reference;



 The reference of CIE 51 is deleted;



——the footnote d is added to Table 2;



——"If the necessary contrast in 8.2.5 is not achieved" is modified to “If the necessary contrast in 8.2.6 is not achieved” in 8.2.7;



——in Items (c) and (d) of Clause 10, when the rating difference of each stage exceeds half a grade, the remark "grey card grade of blue wool reference material" is changed to the remark "specific stage" and the mean assessment result of color fastness to light is added in the report;



——the report of reference specimen in Item d) of Clause 10 is deleted, and the report of blue wool reference material in Item e) is deleted;



——the illustrations in Figures D.1 and D.2 are added.



The following editorial changes have been made in this standard:



——the standard name is changed to Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Color fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc.



Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.



This standard was proposed by China National Textile and Apparel Council.



This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Textiles of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 209).



The previous editions of this standard are as follows:



——GB/T 8427-1987, GB/T 8427-1998 and GB/T 8427-2008.





Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Color fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc



1 Scope



This standard specifies a method intended for determining the effect on the color of textiles of all kinds and in all forms to the action of an artificial light source representative of natural daylight (D65).



This standard is applicable to colored and also white (bleached or fluorescent brightened) textiles.



Note: this standard allows the use of two different sets of blue wool reference materials. The results obtained may not be identical.



2 Normative references



The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.



GB/T 250 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Grey scale for assessing change in color (GB/T 250-2008, ISO 105-A02: 1993, IDT)

GB/T 730 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Quality control of blue wool reference materials 1to 7 (GB/T 730-2008, ISO 105-B08: 1995, MOD)

GB/T 6151 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - General principle of testing (GB/T 6151-2016, ISO 105-A01: 2010, MOD)

GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (GB/T 6682-2008, ISO 3696: 1987, MOD)

GB/T 8431 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Detection and assessment of photochromism (GB/T 8431-1998, eqv ISO 105-B05: 1994)

GB/T 32616 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Instrumental assessment of change in color for determination of grey scale rating (GB/T 32616-2016, ISO 105-A05: 1995, MOD)

FZ/T 01047 Standard light sources and conditions for visual assessment of textile color fastness

ISO 105-B01: 2014 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Part B01: Color fastness to light: Daylight

ISO 9370 Plastics - Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests - General guidance and basic test method



3 Terms and definitions



For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.



3.1

test specimen

portions of the textile samples to be tested and which are representative



Note: this is used for comparison between the exposed and the original (unexposed) state.



3.2

reference specimen

portion of a reference material that is to be exposed simultaneously with the test specimen



Note: multiple reference specimens may be required to determine the test results.



3.3

blue wool reference material

one of a series of blue wool textile materials with a known reaction to light



3.4

test chamber

area within the device capable of meeting and maintaining the requirements for temperature, light and humidity



3.5

chamber relative humidity

ratio of the actual water vapor pressure in the test chamber to the saturation water vapor pressure at the same temperature



Note: the chamber relative humidity is expressed as a percentage.



3.6

effective humidity

combination of air and surface temperatures and air relative humidity which governs the moisture content at the surface of the test specimen during exposure



3.7

humidity-test control fabric

a red azoic dyed cotton fabric of known sensitivity to humidity and light



Note: this red azoic dyed fabric is used as a reference material to ensure that the effective humidity requirements are met.



3.8

photochromism

change in color of a test specimen after brief exposure to light, which is substantially returned to its original color after storage in the dark



3.9

flip-flop mode

mode of operation whereby the test specimen holders revolve around the central light source and on alternate rotations the test specimen holders are automatically rotated 180° about their vertical axis so that the test specimens face towards the light source only every alternate revolution



4 Principle



A test specimen of the textile is exposed to artificial light under controlled conditions, together with a set of blue wool reference materials. The color fastness is assessed by comparing the change in color of the test specimen with that of the blue wool reference materials used.



Note: Annex A gives a brief description of color fastness to light.



5 Materials and devices



5.1 Reference materials



5.1.1 General



Either of two sets of blue wool reference materials may be used. The rating of color fastness to light is obtained by comparison with either blue wool reference materials 1 to 8 (preferred in Europe) or blue wool reference materials L2 to L9 (preferred in America). The results from different references are not interchangeable. Information on the relationship between the two sets of blue wool reference materials may be found in 4.1, ISO 105-B01: 2014.



5.1.2 Blue wool reference materials 1 to 8



Blue wool reference materials developed and produced in Europe are identified by the numerical designation 1 to 8. These reference materials are blue wool materials dyed with the dyes listed in Table 1. They range from 1 (very low color fastness to light) to 8 (very high color fastness to light) so that each higher-numbered reference material is approximately twice as fast as the preceding one.



The blue wool reference materials 1 to 8 used in this test shall meet the quality requirements specified in GB/T 730.



Table 1 Dyes for blue wool reference materials 1 to 8

Number of blue wool reference material Dye (color index designation) a

1 CI Acid Blue 104

2 CI Acid Blue 109

3 CI Acid Blue 83

4 CI Acid Blue 121

5 CI Acid Blue 47

6 CI Acid Blue 23

7 CI Solubilised Vat Blue 5

8 CI Solubilised Vat Blue 8

a The Color Index (fourth edition) is jointly published by the Society of Dyers and Colorists (SDC), P.O. Box 244, Perkin House, 82 Grattan Road, Bradford BD1 2JB, West Yorkshire, UK, and by the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, USA.



5.1.3 Blue wool reference materials L2 to L9



Blue wool reference materials developed and produced in America are identified by the letter L followed by the numerical designation 2 to 9. These eight reference materials are prepared by blending varying proportions of wool dyed with CI Mordant Blue 1 (Color Index, fourth edition, 43830) and wool dyed with CI Solubilised Vat Blue 8 (Color Index, fourth edition, 73801), so that each higher-numbered reference material is approximately twice as fast as the preceding reference.



Data in Annex B are presented to illustrate the relationship of each of the blue wool reference material on exposure to fixed amounts of radiant energy.



5.1.4 Humidity-test control fabric



The effective humidity can only be measured by determining the color fastness to light of a specific humidity-test control fabric (see 3.7).



5.2 Devices



5.2.1 Light source



5.2.1.1 The exposure device shall provide for placement of test specimens and any designated sensors in positions that allow uniform irradiance from the light source.



The spectral irradiance produced in an artificial accelerated light and weathering device is very important. Ideally, the relative spectral irradiance produced by the device should be a very close match to that of solar radiation, especially in the short wavelength UV region. Annex C provides information about important benchmark solar spectra that may be used for comparing the spectral irradiance produced in the artificial accelerated exposure to that for solar radiation.



5.2.1.2 Exposure devices shall be designed such that the variation in irradiance at any position in the area used for test specimen exposure shall not exceed ±10% of the mean. Procedures for measuring irradiance uniformity are found in Annex D.



Note: the irradiance uniformity in exposure devices depends on several factors. The configuration of the xenon arc lamp with respect to the test specimens on exposure (including the differences in distance between the xenon arc lamp(s) and the test specimens) can affect uniformity of exposure. Deposits which can develop on the optical system and chamber walls, and the type and number of test specimens being exposed, can also have an effect on uniformity of exposure.



5.2.1.3 Periodic repositioning of the test specimens in the test chamber is recommended to ensure the most consistent results.



5.2.1.4 Follow the device manufacturer’s instructions for lamp and optical filter replacement.



Direct radiation from xenon arc lamps contains considerable amounts of short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation not present in daylight. Optical filters shall be fitted to minimize short-wavelength light (less than 310nm) in accordance with the requirements in Annex C. The xenon arc, when appropriately filtered, produces radiation with a spectral power distribution that is a good simulation of mean daylight throughout the UV and visible region.



Infrared radiation levels may be attenuated by use of heat filters to allow some control of the test specimen temperature.



5.2.1.5 It is preferred that the exposure device should be fitted with an irradiance sensing system. The irradiance sensor (if fitted) shall be mounted so that it receives the same radiation as the test specimen surface. If it is not positioned in the test specimen plane, it shall be calibrated for irradiance at the test specimen distance.



The irradiance sensor (if fitted) shall be capable of measuring irradiance preferably in a specific wavelength range (e.g. 300~400nm), or in a narrow bandpass centered around a single wavelength (e.g. 420nm) and shall be calibrated at the wavelength range or single wavelength, as appropriate. The measured wavelength or wavelength range shall be reported in the test report.



Where irradiance control is available, the irradiance shall be controlled at (42±2)W/m2 in the wavelength range 300~400nm or (1.10±0.02)W/(m2·nm) at the wavelength 420nm.



The irradiance sensor (if fitted) shall be calibrated in the emission region of the light source used. Calibration shall be carried out in accordance with the radiation-measuring and device manufacturer’s instructions with compliance to ISO 9370.



5.2.1.6 The light source shall consist of a xenon arc lamp of correlated color temperature 5,500 K~6,500 K, the dimension of which will depend on the type of device used.



5.2.1.7 The device shall be fitted with an optical filter placed between the light source and the test specimens so that the ultraviolet spectrum is steadily reduced. Annex C provides the transmission requirements for the optical filter system used.



5.2.1.8 The device shall be fitted with a heat filter placed between the light source and the test specimens so that the amount of infrared (IR) radiation contained in the xenon arc spectrum is steadily reduced.



5.2.2 Temperature (see C.3)



A black-standard thermometer or a black-panel thermometer (see C.3 for more detail) shall be used, and the thermometer shall be mounted in the same plane and direction as the test specimen(s).



Note: a black standard thermometer (BST) should be used.



5.2.3 Humidity



The presence of moisture can have a significant effect in accelerated laboratory exposure tests. The device shall have the means for providing and controlling humidity of test specimens by humidification of the chamber air. The quality of the water used to create the effective humidity shall be a minimum of Grade 3 in accordance with GB/T 6682.



5.2.4 Covers



Covers shall be made from thin opaque material, for example high-grade steel, thin sheet aluminium or cardboard covered with aluminium foil, for partial covering of test specimens and blue wool reference materials. The opaque material shall neither react with the test specimens nor the test conditions and shall not itself produce any change in color of either the test specimen or the reference materials.



5.2.5 Light source for assessment



It shall be in accordance with FZ/T 01047.



5.2.6 Assessment cabinet



It shall be in accordance with GB/T 6151.



5.2.7 Sample mounting card



It shall be free of fluorescent brightening agent.



5.2.8 Assessment mask



It shall be in accordance with GB/T 6151. In order to obtain reliable test results, the test specimen(s) shall be masked with a material that is identical in color to the material that is used to mask the grey scale (5.2.9).



5.2.9 Grey scale for assessing change in color



It shall be in accordance with GB/T 250.



6 Preparation of test specimens



6.1 The dimension of the test specimen will depend on the number of test specimens and on the shape and dimensions of the test specimen holders supplied with the device. Attention is drawn to the guidelines given in E.4.



6.2 The test specimen may be a strip of cloth, yarn wound close together on a sample mounting card (5.2.7) or laid parallel and fastened on a card, or a mat of fibers combed and compressed to give a uniform surface and fastened on a sample mounting card. Each exposed and unexposed area shall be not less than 10mm×8mm.



6.3 To facilitate handling, the test specimen(s) and similar strips of the blue wool reference materials may be mounted on one or more sample mounting cards as indicated in Figures 2, 3, 4 or 5.



6.4 The covers (5.2.4) shall make close contact with the surface of the unexposed areas of the test specimens and the blue wool reference materials, in order to give a sharp line of demarcation between exposed and unexposed areas, but shall not compress the test specimen unnecessarily.



6.5 The test specimens and the blue wool reference materials shall be of equal dimension and shape in order to avoid errors in assessment due to overrating the visual contrast between exposed and unexposed portions on a larger pattern as against a narrower blue wool reference material.



6.6 When testing specimens of appreciable thickness, the blue wool reference materials shall be arranged (e.g., lined with a hard card under them) so that they are the same distance from the light source as the upper surface of the test specimens. Covers for the unexposed portions shall avoid surface compression.



Textiles of appreciable thickness which have textured structure which may make evaluation of small areas difficult, shall be tested with an exposed area not less than 50mm×40mm and preferably larger.

Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Materials and devices
5.1 Reference materials
5.2 Devices
6 Preparation of test specimens
7 Exposure conditions
8 Procedure
8.1 Device set-up
8.2 Adjustment of effective humidity (see Clause 7 and Annex E)
8.3 Exposure methods
9 Assessment of color fastness
10 Test report
Annex A (Informative) General information on color fastness to light
Annex B (Informative) Light exposure equivalents for blue wool reference materials L2 to L
Annex C (Normative) Requirements for xenon arc exposure devices
Annex D (Normative) Procedures for measuring the irradiance uniformity in the test specimen exposure area (for device manufacturers only)
Annex E (Informative) Guidelines for conducting test
Bibliography

纺织品 色牢度试验
耐人造光色牢度：氙弧
1范围
本标准规定了一种测定各类纺织品的颜色耐相当于日光(D65)的人造光作用色牢度的方法。
本标准适用于有颜色的纺织品，也适用于白色(漂白或荧光增白)纺织品。
注：本标准可使用两组不同的蓝色羊毛标样，所得结果并不完全等同。
2规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 250纺织品 色牢度试验 评定变色用灰色样卡(GB/T 250—2008，ISO 105-A02：1993，IDT)
GB/T 730纺织品 色牢度试验 蓝色羊毛标样(1～7)级的品质控制(GB/T 730—2008，ISO 105-B08：1995，MOD)
GB/T 6151纺织品 色牢度试验 试验通则(GB/T 6151—2016，ISO 105-A01：2010，MOD)
GB/T 6682分析实验室用水规格和试验方法(GB/T 6682—2008，ISO 3696：1987，MOD)
GB/T 8431纺织品 色牢度试验 光致变色的检验和评定(GB/T 8431—1998，eqv ISO 105-B05：1994)
GB/T 32616纺织品 色牢度试验 试样变色的仪器评级方法(GB/T 32616—2016，ISO 105-A05：1996，MOD)
FZ/T 01047 目测评定纺织品色牢度用标准光源条件
ISO 105-B01：2014纺织品 色牢度试验 第B01部分：耐光色牢度：日光(Textiles—Tests for colour fastness—Part B01：Colour fastness to light：Daylight)
ISO 9370 塑料 气候试验辐照量的仪器测定 总则和基本试验方法(Plastics—Instrumental de-termination of radiant exposure in weathering tests—General guidance and basic test method)
3术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
试样test specimen
纺织样品上具有代表性且进行试验的部分。
注；试样用于比较曝晒后和初始(未曝晒)的状态。
3.2
参比样reference specimen
同试样一起用于曝晒试验的比较材料。
注：为了得到试验结果可能需要多个参比样。
3.2
蓝色羊毛标样blue wool reference material
一组已知耐光性能的蓝色羊毛织物。
3.4
试验仓test chamber
试验设备中能够持续满足温度、光照和湿度要求的仓室。
3.5
仓内相对湿度chamber relative humidity
试验仓内实际水蒸气压力与同温度下饱和水蒸气压力的比值。
注：仓内相对湿度用百分比表示。
3.6
有效湿度effective humidity
空气温度、试样表面温度和空气相对湿度的综合，它决定了曝晒过程中试样表面的含湿量。
3.7
湿度控制标样humidity-test control fabric
一种用红色偶氮染料染色的棉织物，其对湿度和光的敏感性均已知。
注：这种红色偶氮染料染色织物作为一种标准材料，以确保有效湿度符合要求。
3.8
光致变色photochromism
试样经过短暂曝晒后发生颜色变化，但置于暗处后基本恢复到原来的颜色。
3.9
翻转模式flip-flop mode
试样架围绕中心光源旋转，并且试样夹会自动绕其纵轴间隔性的翻转180°，在每次交替翻转后使试样朝向光源的运行模式。
4原理
纺织品试样与一组蓝色羊毛标样一起在人造光源下按照规定条件曝晒，然后将试样变色与蓝色羊毛标样变色进行对比，评定色牢度。
注：附录A中给出了耐光色牢度的简要说明。
5标准材料和设备
5.1标准材料
5.1.1一般原则
两组蓝色羊毛标样均可使用。可通过与蓝色羊毛标样1～8(欧洲研制)或蓝色羊毛标样L2～L9(美国研制)比较获得耐光色牢度等级。使用不同蓝色羊毛标样获得的测试结果不可互换。两红蓝色羊毛标样之间的关系可见ISO 105-B01：2014中的4.1。
5.1.2蓝色羊毛标样1~8
欧洲研制的蓝色羊毛标样编号为1~8，这些标样是用表1中的染料染成的蓝色羊毛织物，它的范围从1(很低色牢度)到8(很高色牢度)，使每一较高编号蓝色羊毛标样的耐光色牢度比前一编号约高一倍。
本试验所使用的蓝色羊毛标样1～8应符合GB/T 730规定的品质要求。
表1用于蓝色羊毛标样1～8的染料
蓝色羊毛标样编号 染料(染料索引名称)a
1 CI酸性蓝104(CI Acid Blue 104)
2 CI酸性蓝109(CI Acid Blue 109)
3 CI酸性蓝83(CI Acid Blue 83)
4 CI酸性蓝121(CI Acid Blue 121)
5 CI酸性蓝47(CI Acid Blue 47)
6 CI酸性蓝23(CI Acid Blue 23)
7 CI可溶性还原蓝5(CI Solubilised Vat Blue 5)
8 CI可溶性还原蓝8(CI Solubilised Vat Blue 8)
a 染料索引(第四版)由化学家和染色师协会(SDC)，P.O. Box 244，Perkin House，82 Grattan Road，Bradford BD1 2JB，West Yorkshire UK，以及美国化学家和染色师协会(AATCC)，P.O.Box12215，Research Triangle Park，NC 27709-2215，USA，共同发布。

5.1.3蓝色羊毛标样L2～L9
美国研制的蓝色羊毛标样编号为2～9，数字前均注有字母L。这八个蓝色羊毛标样是用CI媒介蓝1(CI Mordant Blue 1)(染料索引，第四版，43830)染色的羊毛和用CI可溶性还原蓝8(CI Solubilised vat Blue 8)(染料索引，第四版，73801)染色的羊毛以不同混纺比特制而成的，每一较高编号蓝色羊毛标样的耐光色牢度比前一编号约高一倍。
附录B中给出的数据说明了每一编号蓝色羊毛标样和固定辐照量之间的关系。
5.1.4湿度控制标样
有效湿度只能通过评定湿度控制标样(3.7)的耐光色牢度来测定。
5.2设备
5.2.1光源
5.2.1.1曝晒设备应有放置试样和传感器的空间，并使光源辐照均匀。
人造加速光源老化设备的光谱辐照度十分重要。理想状态下，设备产生的相对光谱辐照度宜与太阳辐照非常接近，尤其是在短波紫外区。附录C提供了重要基准太阳光谱的信息，可用于比较人造加速曝晒辐射和太阳辐射条件下产生的光谱。
5.2.1.2曝晒设备应满足试样曝晒区任何位置的辐照度差异不超过平均值的±10％。附录D给出了测量辐照度均匀性的方法。
注：曝晒设备的辐照度均匀性受多个因素影响。曝晒试样与氙弧灯的配置(包括氙弧灯和试样间的距离差异等)会影响曝晒均匀性。光学系统和试验仓壁上的灰尘，以及曝晒试样类型和数量也会影响曝晒均匀性。
5.2.1.3周期性变换试验仓内试样的位置，以保证试验结果的一致性。
5.2.1.4按照设备制造商的说明书更换灯管和滤光片。
氙弧灯发出的直接辐射包含相当多的日光中不存在的短波紫外线辐射。按照附录C的要求使用滤光片以减少短波辐射(小于310 nm)。经适当过滤的氙弧辐射的光谱功率分布能较好的模拟日光在紫外和可见光区的平均水平。
可使用滤热片减弱红外辐射水平以有效控制试样温度。
5.2.1.5曝晒设备宜装有辐照度传感系统。如果装有辐照度传感器，则应将其安装在能够获得与试样表面相同辐照度的位置上。如果辐照度传感器没有安装在试样平面内，则应校准至试样处的辐照度。
辐照度传感器(如果装有)应能测量特定波长范围(例如300 nm～400 nm)或以一个单波长(例如420 nm)为中心的窄波段的辐照度，并对辐照度传感器在特定波长范围或单波长处进行校准。应在试验报告中注明测量的波长或波长范围。
当辐照度可控时，辐照度应控制为(42±2)W/m2(波长范围为300 nm~400 nm)或(1.10+0.02)W/(m2·nm)(波长为420 nm)。
辐照度传感器(如果装有)应在所用光源的发射区域内校准。校准应根据辐射测量和设备制造商的说明书并符合ISO 9370的要求。
5.2.1.6光源为氙弧灯，相关色温为5 500 K～6 500 K，尺寸由设备型号而定。
5.2.1.7设备应在光源和试样之间安装滤光片，使紫外光谱稳定衰减。附录C给出了所用滤光系统的透光率要求。
5.2.1.8设备应在光源和试样之间安装滤热片，使氙弧光谱中的红外辐射(IR)能稳定衰减。
5.2.2温度(见C.3)
应使用黑标温度计或黑板温度计(详见C.3)，并将其置于与试样相同的平面和方向上。
注：宜使用黑标温度计(BST)。
5.2.3湿度
湿度会对实验室加速曝晒试验产生显著影响。设备应通过加湿试验仓内的空气提供并控制试样周围的湿度。用于产生有效湿度的水应至少符合GB/T 6682中3级水的要求。
5.2.4遮盖物
遮盖物为薄的不透光材料，例如优质钢、薄铝片或用铝箔覆盖的硬卡纸，用于遮盖试样和蓝色羊毛标样的一部分。遮盖物不应与试样发生反应或对试验条件产生影响，且不应使试样或标样变色。
5.2.5评级光源
应符合FZ/T 01047的要求。
5.2.6评级箱
应符合GB/T 6151的要求。
5.2.7白纸卡
应不含荧光增白剂。
5.2.8评级遮框
应符合GB/T 6151的要求。为了获得可靠的试验结果，应使用与灰色样卡(5.2.9)遮框相同颜色的材料遮盖试样。
5.2.9评定变色用灰色样卡
应符合GB/T 250的要求。
6试样准备
6.1试样的尺寸按试样数量和设备试样夹的形状和尺寸而定，可参考E.4给出的指南。
6.2对于织物试样，应紧附于白纸卡(5.2.7)上；对于纱线试样，则紧密卷绕于白纸卡(5.27)或平行排列固定于白纸卡上；对于散纤维试样，则梳压整理成均匀薄层固定于白纸卡上。每一曝晒和未曝晒面积不应小于10 mm×8 mm。
6.3为了便于操作，可将一个或多个试样和相同尺寸的蓝色羊毛标样按图2、图3、图4或图5方式置于一个或多个白纸卡上。
6.4遮盖物(5.2.4)应与试样和蓝色羊毛标样的未曝晒面紧密接触，使曝晒和未曝晒部分之间界限分明，但不应压得太紧。
6.5试样的尺寸和形状应与蓝色羊毛标样相同，以免对曝晒与未曝晒部分目测评级时，面积较大的试样对照面积较小的蓝色羊毛标样会出现评定较大的偏差。
6.6对于较厚的试样，应对蓝色羊毛标样进行调整(例如在蓝色羊毛标样下衬垫硬卡)，以使光源至蓝色羊毛标样的距离与光源至试样表面的距离相同，但应避免遮盖物将试样未曝晒部分表面压平。
对于具有绒面结构的较厚纺织品，小面积不易评定，则曝晒面积应不小于50 mm×40 mm，最好为更大面积。
7曝晒条件
表2给出了模拟不同环境的试验条件。试验条件需经相关方同意，并应在试验报告中注明。
表2曝晒条件
曝晒循环A1 曝晒循环A2 曝晒循环A3 曝晒循环Ba
条件 通常条件 低湿极限条件 高湿极限条件 —
对应气候条件 温带 干旱 亚热带 —
蓝色羊毛标样 1～8 L2～L9
黑标温度b (47±3)℃ (62±3)℃ (42±3)℃ (65±3)℃
黑板温度b (45±3)℃ (60±3)℃ (40±3)℃ (63±3)℃
有效湿度(见8.2)c 大约40％有效湿度(注：当蓝色羊毛标样5的变色达到灰色样卡4级时，可实现该有效湿度) 低于15％有效湿度(注：当蓝色羊毛标样6的变色达到灰色样卡3-4级时，可实现该有效湿度) 大约85％有效湿度(注：当蓝色羊毛标样3的变色达到灰色样卡4级时，可实现该有效湿度) 低湿(湿度控制标样的色牢度为L6～L7)
仓内相对湿度 符合有效湿度要求 (30±5)％
辐照度d 当辐照度可控时，辐照度应控制为(42±2)W/m2(波长在300 nm～400 nm)或(1.10±0.02)W/(m2·nm)(波长在420 nm)
a 该试验条件的仓内空气温度为(43±2)℃。
b 由于试验仓空气温度与黑标温度和黑板温度不同，所以不宜采用试验仓空气温度控制。
c 当曝晒的湿度控制标样变色达到灰色样卡4级时(8.2.5)，评定蓝色羊毛标样的变色，据此确定有效湿度。
d 宽波段(300 nm～400 nm)和窄波段(420 nm)的辐照度控制值是基于通常设置，但不表明在所有类型设备中均等效。咨询设备制造商其他控制波段的等效辐照度。

8操作程序
8.1设备设置
8.1.1遵循制造商的设备使用指南设置设备。
8.1.2用不反光的材料如白纸卡填满所有空试样夹。对于有翻转模式的设备，空试样夹的两面均应填满。
8.1.3黑板温度计(非绝热的)或黑标温度计(绝热的)应置于与试样相同的平面和方向上。
8.2有效湿度调节(见第7章和参见附录E)
8.2.1 对于规定有效湿度的试验条件，不能依赖于试验仓中相对湿度的仪器读数。正确调节有效湿度(使用蓝色羊毛标样1～8时)对获得有效结果至关重要。图1给出了有效湿度和湿度控制标样的耐光色牢度的关系。



图1 湿度控制标样曝晒的平均结果
8.2.2对于要求的曝晒条件，从表2中确定所规定的有效湿度，然后用图1中确定湿度控制标样所需的等效耐光色牢度(用蓝色羊毛标样1～8表示)(例如：对于通常条件，有效湿度规定为40％，这相当于湿度控制标样与蓝色羊毛标样5的耐光色牢度相同)。
8.2.3将湿度控制标样(5.1.4)与相关蓝色羊毛标样(5.1.2或5.1.3)一起装在白纸卡上。湿度控制标样和蓝色羊毛标样应均不小于45 mm×10 mm。
8.2.4用适当的遮盖物(5.2.4)遮盖装有标样的白纸卡(8.2.3)，使标样的曝晒和未曝晒部分的面积均不小于10 mm×8 mm。将装好的试验卡放进试验仓中。
8.2.5开启氙弧灯，直到湿度控制标样(5.1.4)曝晒和未曝晒部分的色差到达灰色样卡(5.2.9)4级。
8.2.6当达到8.2.5中的条件后，评定表2要求的相关蓝色羊毛标样曝晒和未曝晒部分的色差。该色差要达到相应曝晒条件(见表2)中的规定色差。
8.2.7如果没有达到8.2.6中的规定色差，需调节设备达到规定的曝晒条件，按8.2.3~8.2.6重新操作。
8.3曝晒方法
8.3.1一般原则
有5种不同的曝晒方法，可根据用途从中选择最适宜的方法。
在方法1～方法4中，评定试样或标样的变色对获得有效结果至关重要。仅仅根据曝晒时间(小时数)来确定每个方法不同阶段的曝晒终点是不够的。在方法5中，根据规定的辐照量来确定曝晒终点，不需要进行试验过程中的变色评定。
附录中给出了关于设备和试验方法选择以及对不同类型纺织材料试验操作的指导信息。
8.3.2方法1
8.3.2.1本方法被认为是最精确的，宜在评级有争议时采用。其特点是通过检查试样来控制曝晒周期，故每个试样需配备一套蓝色羊毛标样。本方法特别适合于测定耐光色牢度性能未知的试样。
在本方法中需要用遮盖物(5.2.4)遮盖试样和蓝色羊毛标样的三分之一和三分之二。
8.3.2.2将试样和蓝色羊毛标样按第6章和图2所示排列在白纸卡(5.2.7)上。用遮盖物(5.2.4)ABCD遮盖试验卡中间的三分之一。
不必将蓝色羊毛标样和试样放在同一个试验卡上，但试验卡应放在合适的试样夹内。

说明：
1——遮盖区域；
2——蓝色羊毛标样1～8或L2～L9和/或试样。
图2方法1装样图
8.3.2.3将装好的试验卡放入试验仓内，使其在表2中选定的条件下曝晒。
8.3.2.4不时从试验仓中取出试验卡，提起遮盖物(5.2.4)，通过与灰色样卡(5.2.9)比较，检查试样的曝晒效果。当蓝色羊毛标样2的变色达到灰色样卡3级(或蓝色羊毛标样L2的变色达到灰色样卡4级)时，对照蓝色羊毛标样1、2、3或L2上所呈现的变色情况，评定试样的耐光色牢度。这是耐光色牢度初评，如果需要保留初评阶段变色的视觉依据，结束试验，并使用新试样和蓝色羊毛标样重新曝晒。对于新试样不必重复初评。
8.3.2.5继续曝晒，直到试样的曝晒和未曝晒部分的色差等于灰色样卡(5.2.9)4级(第一阶段)。从试验仓中取出试验卡。在此阶段注意光致变色的可能性(见GB/T 8431)。
8.3.2.6对于白色(漂白或荧光增白)试样即可终止曝晒，并按第9章评定其耐光色牢度。
8.3.2.7对于其他试样，用另外一个遮盖物(5.2.4)FBCE(见图2)遮盖试样和蓝色羊毛标样，继续曝晒试验卡的右三分之一。宜用新遮盖物FBCE替换遮盖物ABCD，以避免漏光引起的不良影响。如果增加遮盖物ADEF，该遮盖物宜足够大并与原有遮盖物重叠，使AD边缘上没有漏光。
8.3.2.8将试验卡重新放入试验仓，继续曝晒，直到试样的曝晒和未曝晒部分的色差等于灰色样卡(5.2.9)3级(第二阶段)。
8.3.2.9如果蓝色羊毛标样7(或L7)的变色比试样先达到灰色样卡(5.2.9)4级，此时曝晒即可终止。这是因为如果当试样具有等于或高于7级或L7级耐光色牢度时，则需要很长时间的曝晒才能达到灰色样卡3级的色差。再者，当耐光色牢度为8级(或L8级)时，这样的色差就不可能测得。所以，当蓝色羊毛标样7(或L7)产生的色差等于灰色样卡4级时，即可在蓝色羊毛标样7~8或蓝色羊毛标样L7~L8的范围内评级，因为，为达到这个色差所需时间，已足以消除由于不适当曝晒可能产生的任何误差。
8.3.3方法2
8.3.3.1本方法适用于大量试样同时测试。其特点是通过检查蓝色羊毛标样来控制曝晒周期，只需要一套蓝色羊毛标样对一批具有不同耐光色牢度的试样试验，从而节省蓝色羊毛标样的用量。本方法特别适合染料行业。
本方法中需要遮盖物(5.2.4)遮盖试样和蓝色羊毛标样约四分之一、二分之一和四分之三的部分。
8.3.3.2按第6章规定排列试样和蓝色羊毛标样，根据需要可使用多个白纸卡。如图3所示，用遮盖物(5.2.4)ABCD遮盖试样和蓝色羊毛标样最左边的四分之一的部分。

说明：
1——蓝色羊毛标样1～8或、L2～L9和/或试样；
2——未曝晒；
3——第一阶段；
4——第二阶段；
5——第三阶段。
图3方法2装样图
8.3.3.3将装好的试验卡放入试验仓，使其在表2中选定的条件下曝晒。
8.3.3.4不时提起遮盖物(5.2.4)ABCD检查蓝色羊毛标样的曝晒效果。当蓝色羊毛标样2的变色达到灰色样卡(5.2.9)3级(或蓝色羊毛标样L2的变色达到灰色样卡4级)时，对照在蓝色羊毛标样1、2、3或L2上所呈现的变色情况，评定试样的耐光色牢度。这是耐光色牢度的初评，在此阶段注意光致变色的可能性(见GB/T 8431)。
8.3.3.5将遮盖物(5.2.4)ABCD重新准确地放在原先位置，继续曝晒，直到蓝色羊毛标样4或L3的变色达到灰色样卡(5.2.9)4级时(第一阶段)。这时再按图3所示用另外一个遮盖物AEFD遮盖试样和蓝色羊毛标样。
宜用新遮盖物AEFD替换遮盖物ABCD，以避免漏光产生不良影响。如果增加遮盖物BEFC，该遮盖物宜足够大并与原有遮盖物重叠，使BC边缘上没有漏光。
8.3.3.6继续曝晒，直到蓝色羊毛标样6或L5的曝晒部分EGHF与未曝晒部分ABCD的色差等于灰色样卡(5.2.9)4级(第二阶段)。用另外一个遮盖物AGHD遮盖试样和蓝色羊毛标样(见图3)。
宜用新遮盖物AGHD替换遮盖物AEFD，以避免漏光产生不良影响。如果增加遮盖物EGHF，该遮盖物宜足够大并与原有遮盖物重叠，使EF边缘上没有漏光。
8.3.3.7继续曝晒，直到下列任意一种情况出现为止(第三阶段)：
a)蓝色羊毛标样7或L7的曝晒与未曝晒部分的色差等于灰色样卡(5.2.9)4级；
b)最耐光试样曝晒与未曝晒部分的色差等于灰色样卡(5.2.9)3级；
c)对于白色纺织品(漂白或荧光增白)，最耐光试样的曝晒与未曝晒部分的色差等于灰色样卡(5.2.9)4级。
注：b)和c)有可能在8.3.3.5或8.3.3.6之前发生，这时已达到曝晒终点。
8.3.4方法3
8.3.4.1本方法与方法1相似，但其适用于核对与某种性能要求是否一致。其特点是通过检查目标蓝色羊毛标样来控制曝晒周期。该方法允许多个试样与少数蓝色羊毛标样一起曝晒，通常为目标蓝色羊毛标样以及比目标蓝色羊毛标样低一级和低两级的蓝色羊毛标样。这样做可以对不符合所需性能要求的试样的耐光色牢度级数进一步量化。
本方法中需要遮盖物(5.2.4)遮盖试样和蓝色羊毛标样约三分之一和三分之二的部分。
8.3.4.2将一个或多个试样和相关蓝色羊毛标样按图4所示排列在白纸卡(5.2.7)上。蓝色羊毛标样应限定为目标蓝色羊毛标准以及比目标蓝色羊毛标样低一级和低两级的蓝色羊毛标样。用遮盖物(5.2.4)ABCD遮盖试验卡中间的三分之一。

说明：
1——遮盖区域；
2——蓝色羊毛标样(n-2)；
3——蓝色羊毛标样(n-1)；
4——目标蓝色羊毛标样(n)；
5——试样。
图4方法3装样图
8.3.4.3将装好的试验卡放入试验仓内，并使其在表2中选定的曝晒条件下曝晒，直到目标蓝色羊毛标样的未曝晒和曝晒部分的色差达到灰色样卡(5.2.9)4级(第一阶段)。在此阶段注意光致变色的可能性(见GB/T 8431)。白色纺织品(漂白或荧光增白)至此阶段时即可终止曝晒，并按第9章规定评级。
8.3.4.4移开原遮盖物，并用另外一个遮盖物(5.2.4)遮盖FBCE区域(见图4)，仅曝晒试验卡的右边三分之一部分。
宜用新遮盖物FBCE替换遮盖物ABCD以避免漏光产生不良影响。如果增加遮盖物ADEF，该遮盖物宜足够大并与原有遮盖物重叠，使AD边缘上没有漏光。
8.3.4.5将试验卡放回试验仓内继续曝晒直到目标蓝色羊毛标样曝晒和未曝晒部分的色差达到灰色样卡(5.2.9)3级(第二阶段)。
8.3.5方法4
8.3.5.1本方法与方法1类似，但其适用于测试是否符合商定参比样。其特点是通过检查商定参比样来控制曝晒周期。允许试样只与参比样一起曝晒，不使用蓝色羊毛标样。本方法特别适合于质量控制，允许将许多试样与同一个参比样比较。
本方法中需要遮盖物(5.2.4)遮盖试样和参比样约三分之一和三分之二的部分。
8.3.5.2将一个或多个试样与相关参比样一起按图5所示排列在白纸上(5.2.7)上。用遮盖物(5.2.4)ABCD遮盖试验卡中间三分之一的部分。

说明：
1——遮盖区域；
2——商定参比样；
3——试样。
图5方法4装样图
8.3.5.3将试验卡放入试验仓中，在选定的表2中的曝晒条件下进行曝晒，直到商定参比样的未曝晒和曝晒部分的色差达到灰色样卡(5.2.9)4级。对于白色纺织品(漂白或荧光增白)至此阶段时即可终止曝晒，并按第9章规定评级。
8.3.5.4移开原遮盖物，并用另外一个遮盖物(5.2.4)遮盖FBCE区域(见图5)，仅曝晒试验卡的右边三分之一的部分。
宜用新遮盖物FBCE替换遮盖物ABCD以避免漏光产生不良影响。如果增加遮盖物ADEF，该遮盖物宜足够大并与原有遮盖物重叠，使AD边缘上没有漏光。
8.3.5.5将试验卡放回试验仓内继续曝晒，直到参比样曝晒和未曝晒部分的色差达到灰色样卡(5.2.9)3级。
8.3.6方法5
8.3.6.1本方法适用于核对是否符合认可的辐照量。可单独将试样曝晒，也可与蓝色羊毛标样一起曝晒，直到达到规定辐照量为止。
本方法需要遮盖物(5.2.4)遮盖试样和蓝色羊毛标样约二分之一的部分。
8.3.6.2将一个或多个试样与蓝色羊毛标样一起按图6所示排列在白纸卡(5.2.7)上。用遮盖物(5.2.4)ABCD遮盖试验卡二分之一的部分。

说明：
1——遮盖区域；
2——试样和/或蓝色羊毛标样(如果适用)。
图6方法5装样图
8.3.6.3根据制造商说明书设置仪器，使其达到规定的辐照度水平(见5.2.1.5.2)。
8.3.6.4将装好的试验卡放入试验仓中，在表2中选定的曝晒条件下进行曝晒，直到达到规定辐照量(通常用焦耳表示)。
9 耐光色牢度的评定
9.1为了避免由于光致变色(3.8)导致耐光色牢度发生错评，应在评定耐光色牢度前，将试样放在暗处，在室温下保持24 h(见GB/T 8431)。
对于方法1，在试样的曝晒和未曝晒部分的色差等于灰色样卡(5.2.9)4级和灰色样卡(5.2.9)3级的基础上，作出耐光色牢度级数的最后评定(报告级数)。对于白色纺织品(漂白或荧光增白)，在试样的曝晒与未曝晒部分的色差达到灰色样卡4级的基础上，做出耐光色牢度级数的最后评定。
9.2移开所有遮盖物(5.2.4)，试样和蓝色羊毛标样露出试验后的各个分段面，根据所选方法，不同分段面曝晒不同时间，还有一处未受到曝晒。
在对试样变色和蓝色羊毛标样变色比较时，应使用评级遮框(5.2.8)遮挡试样以方便评级。
在评级箱(5.2.6)的D65(人造日光)光源(见GB/T 6151)下，比较试样变色与蓝色羊毛标样的相应变色，如果使用其他光源应经相关方同意并在试验报告中注明。
对于使用蓝色羊毛标样的方法，试样的耐光色牢度即为显示相似变色(试样曝晒和未曝晒部分的目测色差)的蓝色羊毛标样的号数。如果试样所显示的变色更近于两个相邻蓝色羊毛标样的中间级数，则应评定为一个中间级数，例如3-4级或L2-L3级。级数应只限于整级或中间级。
按照各方法，在不同曝晒阶段对变色进行评定。方法1、方法3和方法4需要评定2次，方法2需要评定3次，方法5需要评定1次。
在方法5中，以1次评定结果作为试样耐光色牢度。在方法1～方法4中，以各阶段评定结果的算术平均值(即平均耐光色牢度)作为试样耐光色牢度，当平均耐光色牢度不是整级或半级时，则评定应取其邻近较高的半级或整级。
9.3如果试样变色比蓝色羊毛标样1或L2变色更严重，则评为“低于1级”或“低于L2级”。
9.4对于方法1和方法2，如果耐光色牢度等于或高于4级或L3级，需要初评(分别见8.3.2.4和8.3.3.4)。如果初评为3级或L2级，则应把它置于括号内。例如评级为6(3)级，表示在试验中蓝色羊毛标样3刚开始褪色时，试样也有很轻微的变色，但再继续曝晒，它的耐光色牢度与蓝色羊毛标样6相同。
9.5如果试样具有光致变色，则耐光色牢度级数后应加一个括号，其内写上一个P字和光致变色试验的级数，例如：6(P3—4)级，见GB/T 8431。
9.6“变色”一词包括色相、彩度、亮度的各个变化，或这些颜色特性的任何综合变化(见GB/T 250)。
9.7当根据某种性能要求曝晒时(见方法3)，应比较试样变色和目标蓝色羊毛标样变色进行评定。如果试样变色程度不大于目标蓝色羊毛标样变色程度，则应按9.2评定和计算耐光色牢度，并将耐光色牢度定为“符合”。如果试样变色程度大于目标蓝色羊毛标样变色程度，则应按9.2评定和计算耐光色牢度，并将耐光色牢度定为“不符合”。如果试样变色程度大于耐光色牢度试验中使用的最低号蓝色羊毛标样的变色程度，应报告为“低于”最低号蓝色羊毛标样并将耐光色牢度定为“不符合”。
9.8当根据商定参比样曝晒时(方法4)，应比较试样变色和商定参比样变色进行评定，由于没有使用蓝色羊毛标样，所以不能评定耐光色牢度级数。如果试样变色小于或等于商定参比样变色，则耐光色牢度为“符合”；如果试样变色大于商定参比样变色，则耐光色牢度为“不符合”。
9.9当根据商定辐照量曝晒时(方法5)，耐光色牢度是用GB/T 250变色灰色样卡(5.2.9)对比评定或用蓝色羊毛标样变色和试样变色对比按9.2评定。
10试验报告
试验报告应包括以下内容：
a)试验是按本标准进行的。
b)试样的必要详细信息。
c)方法1和方法2：
报告耐光色牢度级数，按以下方式表示：
1) 当各阶段评级差异不超过半级时，报告平均耐光色牢度(用蓝色羊毛标样L2～L9时，级数前冠以字母L)；
2) 当各阶段评级差异超过半级时，报告平均耐光色牢度以及各阶段评定结果(用蓝色羊毛标样L2～L9时，级数前冠以字母L)。
如果级数等于或高于4级或L3级而初评等于或低于3级或L2级，报告后者数字于括号内。