标准编号:	GB/T 5226.1-2019
中文名称:	机械电气安全 机械电气设备 第1部分:通用技术条件
英文名称:	Electrical safety of machinery—Electrical equipment of machines—Part 1:General requirements
中标分类:	J09    卫生、安全、劳动保护
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	29.020 29.020    电气工程综合 29.020
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2019-06-04
实施日期:	2020-1-1
标准状态:	现行
替代旧标准:	GB 5226.1-2008 机械电气安全 机械电气设备 第1部分: 通用技术条件
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	97000 字
翻译价格(元):	2200.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



GB/T 5226 consists of the following parts, under the general title of Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines



——Part 1: General requirements;



——Part 6: Requirements for construction machinery;



——Part 7: Requirements for industrial robot;



——Part 11: Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1000V a.c. or 1500V d.c. and not exceeding 36kV;



——Part 31: Particular safety and EMC requirements for sewing machines, units and systems;



——Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines;



——Part 33: Requirements for semiconductor fabrication equipment;



——Part 34: Requirements for machine tools.



This is Part 1 of GB/T 5226.



This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.



This part replaces GB 5226.1-2008 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements. The following technical changes have been made with respect to GB 5226.1-2008:



——the relevant factors necessary to be reduced for the equipment used at higher altitudes are added (see 4.4.5);



——where the supply disconnecting device is a plug/socket combination, relevant requirements shall be proposed (see 5.3.3);



——new requirements for the operating means of the supply disconnecting device are proposed (see 5.3.4);



——specific requirements for supply systems with different earthing modes for protection by automatic disconnection of supply are proposed (see 6.3.3);



——the requirements for determination of short-circuit current rating of the electrical equipment are proposed (see 7.10);



——more requirements for protective bonding circuit are specified (see 8.2);



——many control functions are added, such as monitoring the ability of a cableless control system to control a machine (see 9.2);



——more detailed requirements for the protection against malfunction of control circuits are specified (see 9.4.3);



——new requirements are specified in technical documentation (see Clause 17);



——new requirements for the installation methods of wires and cables are specified (see Annex D);



——Annex H is added to specifically discuss measures to reduce electromagnetic effects (see Annex H);



——Annex I is added to provide relevant information for users (see Annex I).



This standard, by means of translation, is identical to IEC 60204-1:2016 Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General requirements.



Chinese documents having corresponding consistency relationship with the normative international documents referenced in this part are listed in Annex NA.



The following editorial changes have been made in this part:



——The name of the standard is changed as Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements;



——Annex NA (informative) is added.



This part was proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.



This part is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee 231 on Electrical Systems of Industrial Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 231).



The previous editions replaced by this part are as follows:



 



Introduction



This part of GB/T 5226 provides requirements and recommendations relating to the electrical equipment of machines so as to promote:



———safety of persons and property;



———consistency of control response;



———ease of maintenance.



More guidance on the use of this part is given in Annex F.



Figure 1 has been provided as an aid to the understanding of the inter-relationship of the various elements of a machine and its associated equipment. Figure 1 is a block diagram of a typical machine and associated equipment showing the various elements of the electrical equipment addressed in this part. Numbers in parentheses ( ) refer to Chapter and Sections (or articles) in this part. It is understood in Figure 1 that all of the elements taken together including the safeguards, tooling/fixturing, software, and the documentation, constitute the machine, and that one or more machines working together with usually at least one level of supervisory control constitute a manufacturing cell or system.





Figure 1 Block diagram of a typical machine



Electrical Safety of Machinery-Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part 1: General Requirements



1 Scope



This part of GB/T 5226 applies to electrical, electronic and programmable electronic equipment and systems to machines (including a group of machines working together in a coordinated manner), and it is not applicable to the machines portable by hand while working.



Note 1: this part is a general standard and is not intended to limit or inhibit technological advancement.



Note 2: in this part, the term “electrical” includes electrical, electronic and programmable electronic matters (electrical equipment means electrical, electronic and programmable electronic equipment).



Note 3: in the context of this part, the term “person” refers to any individual and includes those persons who are assigned and instructed by the user or his agent(s) in the use and care of the machine in question.



The equipment covered by this part commences at the point of connection of the supply to the electrical equipment of the machine (see 5.1).



Note 4: the requirements for the electrical supply installation in buildings are given in the IEC6034 series.



This part is applicable to the electrical equipment or parts of the electrical equipment that operate with nominal supply voltages not exceeding 1000 V for alternating current (A.C.) and not exceeding 1500 V for direct current (D.C.), and with nominal supply frequencies not exceeding 200 Hz.



Note 5: information on electrical equipment or parts of the electrical equipment that operate with higher nominal supply voltages can be found in IEC 60204-11.



This part does not cover all the requirements (for example guarding, interlocking, or control) that are needed or required by other standards or regulations in order to protect persons from hazards other than electrical hazards. Each type of machine has unique requirements to be accommodated to provide adequate safety.



This part specifically includes, but is not limited to, the electrical equipment of machines as defined in 3.1.40.



Note 6: Annex C lists examples of machines whose electrical equipment can be covered by this part of GB/T 5226.



This part does not specify additional and special requirements that can apply to the electrical equipment of machines that, for example:



– are intended for use in open air (i.e. outside buildings or other protective structures);



– use, process, or produce potentially explosive material (for example paint or sawdust);



– are intended for use in potentially explosive and/or flammable atmospheres;



– have special risks when producing or using certain materials;



– are intended for use in mines;



– are sewing machines, units, and systems (which are covered by IEC 60204-31);



– are hoisting machines (which are covered by IEC 60204-32);



– are semiconductor fabrication equipment (which are covered by IEC 60204-33).



Power circuits where electrical energy is directly used as a working tool are excluded from this part of GB/T 5226.



2 Normative References



The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.



GB 16754-2008 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop — Principles for design （ISO 13850:2006, IDT）

GB/T 6895.3-2017 Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical equipment — Earthing arrangements and protective conductors (IEC 60364-5-54:2011, IDT)

GB 16895.5-2012 Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 4-43: Protection for safety—Protection against overcurrent (IEC 60364-4-43:2008, IDT)

GB/T 6895.6-2014 Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 5-52: Selection and erection of electrical equipment — Wiring systems (IEC 60364-5-52:2009, IDT)

GB 16895.21-2011 Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 4-41: Protection for safety — Protection against electric shock (IEC 60364-4-41:2005, IDT)

GB 16895.22-2004 Electrical installations of buildings—Part 5-53: Selection and erection of electrical equipment—Isolation, switching and control—Section 534: Devices for protection against overvoltages (IEC 60364-5-53:2001, IDT)

GB/T 16895.23-2012 Low-voltage electrical installations— Part 6: Verification (IEC 60364-6:2006, IDT)

IEC 60034-1 Rotating electrical machines — Part 1: Rating and performance

IEC 60072

(all parts) Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines

IEC 60309-1 Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes - Part 1: General requirements

IEC 60364-1 Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 1 :Fundamental principles assessment of general characteristics，definitions)

IEC 60417 Graphical symbols for use on equipment

IEC60445:2010 Basic and safety principles for man machine interface. marking and identification — Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors

IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

IEC 60664-1 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems — Part 1: Principles，requirements and tests

IEC 60947-2 Low- voltage switchgear and controlgear— Part 2: Circuit breakers)

IEC 60947-3 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 3: Switches, disconnectors, switch disconnectors, and fuse- combination units

IEC 60947-5-:2003 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements- Electromechanical control circuit devices

IEC 60947-5-1 :2003/ AMD1 :2009

IEC 60947-5-5 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear- Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements- Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function

IEC 60947-6-2 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear- Part 6-2: Multiple function equipment-Control and protective switching devices (or equipment) (CPS)

IEC 61140 Protection against electric shock- Common aspects for installation and equipment

IEC 61310

(all parts) Safety of machinery-Indication, marking and actuation

IEC 61439-1 Low- voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies — Part 1: General rules products

IEC 61558-1 Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products- Part 1: General requirements and tests

IEC 61558-2-6 Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for supply voltages upto1 100 V — Part 2-6: Particular requirements and tests for safety isolating transformers and power supply units incorporating safety isolating transformers

IEC 61984 Connectors- Safety requirements and tests

IEC 62023 Structuring of technical information and documentation

IEC62061 Safety of machinery — Functional safety of safety- related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems

ISO 7010:2011 Graphical symbols- Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety signs

ISO 13849-1 Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design

ISO 13849-2 Safety of machinery- Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation



3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms



3.1 Terms and definitions



For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.



3.1.1

actuator

part of a device to which an external action is to be applied



Note 1: the actuator may take the form of a handle, knob, push-button, roller, plunger, etc.



Note 2: there are some actuating means that do not require an external actuating force, but only an action, e.g. touchscreens.



Note 3: see 3.1.39.



3.1.2

ambient temperature

temperature of the air or other medium where the equipment is to be used



3.1.3

barrier

part providing protection against contact with live parts from any usual direction of access



3.1.4

basic protection

protection against electric shock under fault-free conditions



Note: previously referred to as “protection against direct contact”.



[IEC 60050-195: 1998, 195-06-01, modified]



3.1.5

cable tray

cable support consisting of a continuous base and raised edges and no covering



Note: a cable tray may be perforated or non-perforated.



[IEC 60050-826: 2004, 826-15-08]



3.1.6

cable trunking system

system of closed enclosures comprising a base with a removable cover intended for the complete surrounding of insulated conductors or cables



3.1.7

concurrent

occurring or operating at the same time (but not necessarily synchronously)



3.1.8

conductor wire

conductor bar

conductive wire or bar of a feeder system with a sliding current collector



3.1.9

conduit

part of a closed wiring system of circular or non-circular cross-section for insulated conductors and/or cables in electrical installations



Note: conduits should be sufficiently close-jointed so that the insulated conductors and/or cables can only be drawn in and not inserted laterally.



[IEC 60050-442: 1998, 442-02-03, modified]



3.1.10

control circuit (of a machine)

circuit used for the control, including monitoring, of a machine and the electrical equipment



3.1.11

control device

device connected into the control circuit and used for controlling the operation of the machine (for example, position sensor, manual control switch, contactor, relay, magnetically operated valve).



3.1.12

control station

operator control station

assembly of one or more control actuators (see 3.1.1) fixed on the same panel or located in the same enclosure



Note: a control station may also contain related equipment, for example, potentiometers, signal lamps, instruments, display devices, etc.



[IEC 60050-441: 1984, 441-12-08, modified]



3.1.13

controlgear

switching devices and their combination with associated control, measuring, protective, and regulating equipment, also assemblies of such devices and equipment with associated interconnections, accessories, enclosures, and supporting structures, intended in principle for the control of electrical energy consuming equipment



[IEC 60050-441: 1984, 441-11-03, modified]



3.1.14

controlled stop

stopping of machine motion with power to the machine actuators maintained during the stopping process



3.1.15

direct contact

contact of persons or livestock with live parts



Note: see 3.1.4.



[IEC 60050-826: 2004, 826-12-03, modified]



3.1.16

direct opening action (of a contact element)

achievement of contact separation as the direct result of a specified movement of the switch actuator through non-resilient members (for example not dependent upon springs)



[IEC 60947-5-1: 2003, K.2.2]



3.1.17

duct

enclosed channel designed expressly for holding and protecting electrical conductors, cables, and busbars



Note: conduits (see 3.1.9), cable trunking systems (see 3.1.6) and underfloor channels are types of duct.



3.1.18

earth/ground (US)

local earth/local ground (US)

part of the Earth which is in electric contact with an earth electrode and the electrical potential of which is not necessarily equal to zero



[IEC 60050-195: 1998, 195-01-03]



3.1.19

electrical operating area

room or location for electrical equipment to which access is intended to be restricted to skilled or instructed persons, by the opening of a door or the removal of a barrier without the use of a key or tool, and which is clearly marked by appropriate warning signs



3.1.20

electronic equipment

part of the electrical equipment containing circuitry dependent for its operation on electronic devices and components



3.1.21

emergency stop device

manually actuated control device used to initiate an emergency stop function



[GB/T 16754—2008, 3.2]



Note: see 9.2.3.4.2.



3.1.22

emergency switching off device

manually actuated control device used to switch off or to initiate the switching off of the supply of electrical energy to all or a part of an installation where a risk of electric shock or another risk of electrical origin is involved



Note: see 9.2.3.4.3.



3.1.23

enclosed electrical operating area



room or location for electrical equipment to which access is intended to be restricted to skilled or instructed persons by the use of a key or tool to open a door, or remove a barrier, and which is clearly marked by appropriate warning signs



3.1.24

enclosure

part providing protection of equipment against certain external influences and, in any direction, basic protection as protection against direct contact



Note: the existing definition taken from the IEV needs the following explanations within the scope of this part of GB/T 5226:



1) Enclosures provide protection of persons or livestock against access to hazardous parts.



2) Barriers, shaped openings, or any other means suitable to prevent or limit the penetration of the specified test probes, whether attached to the enclosure or formed by the enclosed equipment, are considered as part of the enclosure, except where they can be removed without the use of a key or tool.



3) An enclosure may be:



——a cabinet or box, either mounted on the machine or separate from the machine;



——a compartment consisting of an enclosed space within the machine structure.



[IEC 60050-195: 1998, 195-02-35]



3.1.25

electrical equipment



items used in connection with the utilisation of electricity by machines or parts of machines, for example material, fittings, devices, components, appliances, fixtures, apparatus, and similar



3.1.26

equipotential bonding

provision of electric connections between conductive parts, intended to achieve equipotentiality



[IEC 60050-195: 1998, 195-1-10]



3.1.27

exposed conductive part

conductive part of electrical equipment, which can be touched and which is not live under normal operating conditions, but which can become live under fault conditions



[IEC 60050-826: 2004, 826-12-10, modified]



3.1.28

extraneous conductive part

conductive part not forming part of the electrical installation and liable to introduce an electric potential, generally the electric potential of a local earth



[IEC 60050-195: 1998, 195-06-11]



3.1.29

failure

termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function



Note 1: after failure, the item has a fault.



Note 2: "Failure" is an event, as distinguished from "fault", which is a state..



Note 3: this concept as defined does not apply to items consisting of software only.



Note 4: in practice, the terms fault and failure are often used synonymously.



3.1.30

fault

state of an item characterized by inability to perform a required function, excluding the inability during preventive maintenance or other planned actions, or due to lack of external resources



Note 1: a fault is often the result of a failure of the item itself, but may exist without prior failure.



Note 2: in English, the term “fault” and its definition are identical with those given in IEC 60050-191: 1990, 191-05-01. In the field of machinery, the French term “defaut” and the German term “Fehler” are used rather than the terms “Panne” and “Fehlzustand” that appear with this definition.



3.1.31

fault protection

protection against electric shock under single-fault conditions



Note: previously referred to as “protection against indirect contact”



[IEC 60050-195: 1998, 195-06-02]



3.1.32

functional bonding

equipotential bonding necessary for proper functioning of electrical equipment



3.1.33

hazard

potential source of physical injury or damage to health



Note 1: the term hazard can be qualified in order to define its origin (for example, mechanical hazard, electrical hazard) or the nature of the potential harm (for example, electric shock hazard, cutting hazard, toxic hazard, fire hazard).



Note 2: the hazard envisaged in this definition:



——either is permanently present during the intended use of the machine (for example motion of hazardous moving elements, electric arc during a welding phase, unhealthy posture, noise emission, high temperature);



——or can appear unexpectedly (for example: explosion, crushing hazard as a consequence of an unintended/unexpected start-up, ejection as a consequence of a breakage, fall as a consequence of acceleration/deceleration).



[GB/T 15706—2012, 3.6, modified]



3.1.34

indirect contact



contact of persons or livestock with exposed conductive parts which have become live under fault conditions



Note: see 3.1.31.



[IEC 60050-826: 2004, 826-12-04]



3.1.35

inductive power supply system

system of inductive power transfer, consisting of a track converter and a track conductor, along which one or more pick-up(s) and associated pick-up converter(s) can move, without any galvanic or mechanical contact, in order to transfer electrical power for example to a mobile machine



Note: the track conductor and the pick-up are analogous to the primary and secondary of a transformer respectively.



3.1.36

instructed person (in electricity)

person adequately advised or supervised by an electrically skilled person to enable him or her to perceive risks and to avoid hazards which electricity can create

Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 General requirements
4.1 General
4.2 Selection of equipment
4.3 Electrical supply
4.4 Physical environment and operating conditions
4.5 Transportation and storage
4.6 Provisions for handling
5 Incoming supply conductor terminations and devices for disconnecting and switching off
5.1 Incoming supply conductor terminations
5.2 Terminal for connection of the external protective conductor
5.3 Supply disconnecting (isolating) device
5.4 Devices for removal of power for prevention of unexpected start-up
5.5 Devices for isolating electrical equipment
5.6 Protection against unauthorized, inadvertent and/or mistaken connection
6 Protection against electric shock
6.1 General
6.2 Basic protection
6.3 Fault protection
6.4 Protection by the use of PELV
7 Protection of equipment
7.1 General
7.2 Overcurrent protection
7.3 Protection of motors against overheating
7.4 Protection against abnormal temperature
7.5 Protection against the effects of supply interruption or voltage reduction and subsequent restoration
7.6 Motor overspeed protection
7.7 Additional earth fault/residual current protection
7.8 Phase sequence protection
7.9 Protection against overvoltages due to lightning and to switching surges
7.10 Short-circuit current rating
8 Equipotential bonding
8.1 General
8.2 Protective bonding circuit
8.3 Measures to restrict the effects of high leakage current
8.4 Functional bonding
9 Control circuits and control functions
9.1 Control circuits
9.2 Control functions
9.3 Protective interlocks
9.4 Control functions in the event of failure
10 Operator interface and machine-mounted control devices
10.1 General
10.2 Actuators
10.3 Indicator lights and displays
10.4 Illuminated push-buttons
10.5 Rotary control devices
10.6 Start devices
10.7 Emergency stop devices
10.8 Emergency switching off devices
10.9 Enabling control device
11 Controlgear: location, mounting, and enclosures
11.1 General requirements
12 Conductors and cables
13 Wiring practices
13.3 Wiring inside enclosures
13.4 Wiring outside enclosures
13.5 Ducts, connection boxes and other boxes
14 Electric motors and associated equipment
14.1 General requirements
14.2 Motor enclosures
14.3 Motor dimensions
14.4 Motor mounting and compartments
14.5 Criteria for motor selection
14.6 Protective devices for mechanical brakes
15 Socket-outlets and lighting
15.1 Socket-outlets for accessories
15.2 Local lighting of the machine and of the equipment
16 Marking, warning signs and reference designations
16.1 General
16.2 Warning signs
16.3 Functional identification
16.4 Marking of enclosures of electrical equipment
16.5 Reference designations
17 Technical documentation
17.1 General
17.2 Information related to the electrical equipment
18 Verification
18.1 General
18.2 Verification of conditions for protection by automatic disconnection of supply
18.3 Insulation resistance tests
18.4 Voltage tests
18.5 Protection against residual voltages
18.6 Functional tests
18.7 Retesting
Annex A (Normative) Fault protection by automatic disconnection of supply
Annex B (Informative) Enquiry form for the electrical equipment of machines
Annex C (Informative) Examples of machines covered by this part of GB/T
Annex D (Informative) Current-carrying capacity and overcurrent protection of conductors and cables in the electrical equipment of machines
Annex E (Informative) Explanation of emergency operation functions
Annex F (Informative) Guide for the use of this part of GB/T
Annex G (Informative) Comparison of typical conductor cross-sectional areas
Annex H (Informative) Measures to reduce the effects of electromagnetic influences
Annex I (Informative) Documentation / information

机械电气安全 机械电气设备
第1部分：通用技术条件
1 范围
GB/T 5226的本部分适用于机械(包括协同工作的一组机械)的电气、电子和可编程序电子设备及系统，而不适用于手提工作式机械。
注1：本部分是通用标准，不限制或阻碍技术进步。
注2：本部分中的“电气”一词包括电气、电子和可编程序电子三方面(如电气设备是指电气设备、电子设备和可编程序电子设备)。
注3：就本部分而言，“人”(Person)一词泛指任何个人包括受用户或其代理指派，使用和管理上述机械的人。
本部分所论及的设备是从机械电气设备的电源引入处开始的(见5.1)。
注4：IEC 60364系列标准给出了建筑物电气装置的要求。
本部分适用的电气设备或电气设备部件，其标称电源电压不超过1000Va.c.或1500Vd.c.，额定频率不超过200Hz。
注5：工作在较高标称电源电压的电气设备或电气设备部件的要求见IEC 60204-11。
本部分不包括所有技术要求(如防护、联锁或控制)，这些要求是其他标准或规则为保障人身免遭非电气伤害所需要的。对有特殊要求的各种类型机械对安全性可提出特殊要求。
本部分具体适用于(但不限于)3.1.40所定义的机械电气设备。
注6：附录C所列举的机械，其电气设备属于GB/T 5226本部分的范围。
本部分未规定下述机械电气设备的附加和特殊要求：
——露天(即建筑物或其他防护结构的外部)机械；
——使用、处理或生产易爆材料(如油漆或锯末)的机械；
——易爆易燃环境中使用的机械；
——当加工或使用某种材料时会产生特殊风险的机械；
——矿山机械；
——缝纫机、缝制单元和缝制系统(包括在IEC 60204-31中)；
——起重机械(包括在IEC 60204-32中)；
——半导体设备(包括在IEC 60204-33中)。
直接用电能作为加工手段的动力电路不属于GB/T 5226本部分的范围。
3 术语、定义和缩略语
3.1 术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1.1
操动器 actuator
将外部作用施加在装置上的部件。
注1：这种操动器的形式有手柄、旋钮、按钮、滚轮、推杆等。
注2：有某些操作方式只要求起作用而不需外部作用力，例如：触摸屏。
注3：见3.1.39。
3.1.2
环境温度 ambient temperature
应用电气设备处的空气或其他介质的温度。
3.1.3
遮栏 barrier
从各正常通道方向预防直接接触的部件。
3.1.4
基本防护 basic protection
在非故障条件下的电击防护。
注：以前称为“直接接触的防护”。
[IEC 60050-195：1998，定义195-06-01，修改]
3.1.5
电缆托架 cable tray
一种底部为连续条状略向上折边但无罩的电缆支架。
注：电缆托架可穿孔或不穿孔。
[IEC 60050-826：2004，定义826-15-08]
3.1.6
电缆通道系统 cable trunking system
由底座和可拆卸罩组成的封闭外壳装置，用于完全包容绝缘电线、电缆或软线。
3.1.7
联合引发 concurrent
同时发生或操作(但不必同步)。
3.1.8
汇流线 conductor wire
汇流排 conductor bar
带滑动集电器供电系统的导线或排。
3.1.9
导线管 conduit
电气装置中用于绝缘导线和/或电缆的圆形或非圆形截面的封闭布线系统的部件。
注：导线管应紧密连接以使绝缘导线和/或电缆只能穿入管内而不允许穿到外侧。
[IEC 60050-442：1998，定义442-02-03，修改]
3.1.10
(机械的)控制电路 control circuit(of a machine)
用于机械和电气设备控制(包括监测)的电路。
3.1.11
控制器件 control device
连接在控制电路中用来控制机械工作的器件(如位置传感器、手控开关、接触器、继电器、电磁阀等)。
3.1.12
控制站 control station
操作者控制站 operator control station
固定在同一面板或位于同一外壳中一个或多个控制操动器(见3.1.1)的集合。
注：控制站还可以包含相关的设备，例如，电位器，信号灯，仪表，显示装置等。
[IEC 60050-441：1984，定义441-12-08，修改]
3.1.13
控制设备 controlgear
开关电器及其相关控制、测量、保护和调节设备的组合，也包括这些器件及设备与相关内部连接、辅助装置、外壳和支承结构的组合，一般用于消耗电能的设备的控制。
[IEC 60050-441：1984，定义441-11-03，修改]
3.1.14
可控停止 controlled stop
机械运动的停止是在停止的过程中保持机械致动机构的动力。
3.1.15
直接接触 direct contact
人或牲畜与带电部分的接触。
注：见3.1.4。
[IEC 60050-826：2004，定义826-12-03，修改]
3.1.16
(触头元件的)直接断开操作 direct opening action(of a contact element)
开关的操动器规定的运动通过无弹性部件(即不采用弹簧)使触头断开。
[IEC 60947-5-1：2003，K.2.2]
3.1.17
管道 duct
专用于放置和保护电线、电缆及母线的封闭管道。
注：管道类型包括导线管(3.1.9)、电缆通道系统(3.1.6)和地下线槽。
3.1.18
地 earth/ground(US)
局部地 localearth/local ground(US)
大地与接地极有电接触的部分，其电位不一定等于零。
[IEC 60050-195：1998，定义195-01-03]
3.1.19
电气工作区 electrical operatingarea
电气设备用的隔间或位置，只限于熟练的或受过训练人员不用钥匙或工具就可以打开门或移去遮栏而靠近，电气工作区标有清晰的警告标志。
3.1.20
电子设备 electronic equipment
包含其运行依赖电子器件和元件电路的电气设备部件。
3.1.21
急停器件 emergency stop device
用手操动来引发急停功能的控制器件。
[GB/T 16754—2008，定义3.2]
注：见9.2.3.4.2。
3.1.22
紧急断开器件 emergency switching off device
用手操动的，用来切断发生电击危险或其他有关电的危险的装置的部分或全部电源的控制器件。
注：见9.2.3.4.3。
3.1.23
封闭电气工作区 enclosed electrical operating area
电气设备用的隔间或位置，只限于熟练的或受过训练人员用钥匙或工具打开门或移去遮栏而靠近，电气工作区标有清晰的警告标志。
3.1.24
外壳 enclosure
为防护某些外来影响和防止任何方向直接接触而提供的设备防护部件。
注：取自现行IEV的定义，在GB/T 5226本部分范围内需作如下解释：
1) 外壳为人或牲畜触及危险件提供保护；
2) 遮栏、孔型通道或用于防止或限制专用测试探头进入的任何其他装置，不论是附着在外壳上的还是由封闭的设备构成的，均可视为外壳的组成部分，除非它们不用钥匙或工具能移去；
3) 外壳可以是：
——安装在机械上或独立于机械的柜体或箱体；
——由机械结构上的封闭空间构成的壁龛。
[IEC 60050-195：1998，定义195-02-35]
3.1.25
电气设备 electrical equipment
将机械或机械部件(例如，材料、装置、器件、器具、卡具、仪器及类似物件)用与电连接的装置。
3.1.26
等电位联结 equipotential bonding
为了达到等电位，保证多个可导电部分间的电连接。
[IEC 60050-195：1998，定义195-1-10]
3.1.27
外露可导电部分 exposed conductive part
易触及的、正常工作状态不带电，但在故障情况下可能带电的电气设备的可导电部分。
[IEC 60050-826：2004，定义826-12-10，修改]
3.1.28
外部(界)可导电部分 extraneous conductive part
不是电气装置组成部分且易引入电位(通常是地电位)的导电体。
[IEC 60050-195：1998，定义195-06-11]
3.1.29
失效 failure
执行要求功能的某项能力的终结。
注1：失效后，该功能项有故障。
注2：“失效”是一个事件，而区别于作为一种状态的“故障”。
注3：本概念作为定义，不适用于仅有软件组成的功能项目。
注4：实际上，故障和失效这两个术语经常作同义语用。
3.1.30
故障 fault
不能执行某要求功能的一种特征状态。它不包括在预防性维护和其他有计划的行动期间，以及因缺乏外部资源条件下不能执行要求的功能。
注1：故障经常作为功能项本身失效的结果，但也许在失效前就已经存在。
注2：英语用的术语“fault”及其定义与IEC 60050-191：1990，191-05-01给出的等同。在机械领域，这一术语法语用“defaut”，德语用“Fehler”而不用术语“Panne”和“Fehlzustand”。
3.1.31
故障防护 fault protection
单一故障条件下的电击防护。
注：之前称为“间接接触防护”。
[IEC 60050-195：1998，定义195-06-02]
3.1.32
功能联结 functional bonding
电气设备正常运行所需要的等电位联结。
3.1.33
危险 hazard
伤害身体或损害健康的潜在源。
注1：“危险”一词可由其起源(例如：机械危险和电气危险)，或其潜在伤害的性质(例如：电击危险、切割危险、中毒危险和火灾危险)进行限定。
注2：危险有如下定义：
——危险既可以一直存在于机械的预期使用中(如危险运动部件的运动、焊接过程中的电弧、有害身体的工作姿势、噪声、高温等)。
——危险又可以意外发生(如爆炸、意外启动引起的挤压、泄漏引起的喷射、加减速引起的坠落等)。
[GB/T 15706—2012，定义3.6，修改]
3.1.34
间接接触 indirect contact
人或牲畜与故障情况下变为带电的外露可导电部分的接触。
注：见3.1.31。
[IEC 60050-826：2004，定义826-12-04]
3.1.35
感应电源系统 inductive power supply system
感应电能传输的系统，由磁轨转换器和磁轨导体组成，一个或多个拾取器和关联的拾取转换器能沿着它移动，其间没有任何电流或机械接触，其目的是为了传输电能(例如，可移动式机械)。
注：磁轨导体和拾取器分别类似于变压器的初级和次级线圈。
3.1.36
(电气)受过训练人员 instructed person(in electricity)
受电气熟练人员指导和培训，能够察觉风险和避免电气危险的人。
[IEC 60050-826：2004，定义826-18-02，修改]
3.1.37
联锁 interlock
操作装置的安排同时考虑下列因素：
——预防危险情况；或
——预防对设备或材料的损害；或
——防止指定的操作；或
——确保正确的操作。
3.1.38
带电部分 live part
正常工作时带电的导线(体)或可导电部分，包括中性导线(体)N，但通常不含PEN 导线(体)。
3.1.39
机械致动机构 machine actuator
用于引起机械运动的动力机构(例如，电动机，电磁线圈，气缸或液压缸)。
3.1.40
机械 machinery
机器 machine
由若干零、部件组合而成，其中至少有一个零件是可以运动的，并具有适当的机械操作执行机构、控制和动力电路等。它们的组合具有一定应用目的，如物料的加工、处理、搬运或包装等。
注1：“机械”这一术语也包括机器的组合，即将同一应用目的若干台机器安排、控制得如同一台完整机器那样发挥它们的功能。
注2：在这用的“零、部件”这一术语在通常意义上不仅是电气零、部件。
[GB/T 15706—2012，定义3.1]
3.1.41
标记 marking
用于识别设备、元件和(或)器件的主要符号或铭牌。
3.1.42
中性导线 neutral conductor
N
电气连接到系统中性点的导体并有助于电能的分配。
[IEC 60050-195：1998，定义195-02-06]
3.1.43
阻挡物 obstacle
用于防止和带电部分无意的直接接触，但不能防止有意直接接触的一种部件。
[IEC 60050-195：1998，定义195-06-16，修改]
3.1.44
过电流 overcurrent
超过额定值的电流。
注：就导线而言额定值指载流容量。
[IEC 60050-826：2004，定义826-11-14，修改]
3.1.45
电路的过载 overload of a circuit
无故障情况下电路超过满载值时，电路内时间与电流的关系。
注：过载不宜用作过电流的同义词。
3.1.46
插头/插座组合 plug/socket combination
用于连接或断开两个或多个导体的组件和适配组件。
注：插头/插座组合的示例包括：
——符合IEC 61984要求的连接器；
——符合IEC 60309-1要求的电源插头和插座、电缆耦合器或器具耦合器；
——符合IEC 60320-1的电源插头和插座或符合IEC 60320-1要求的器具耦合器。
3.1.47
动力电路 power circuit
从电网向生产作业的电气设备单元和控制电路变压器等供电的电路。
3.1.48
预期短路电流 prospective short-circuit current
Icp
在尽可能接近电气设备电源端，用一根阻抗可忽略不计的导线(体)使电气设备的供电导线(体)短路时流过的电流方均根(r.m.s)值。
[IEC 61439-1：2011，定义3.8.7，修改]
3.1.49
保护联结 protective bonding
为防止电击的等电位联结。
注1：防止电击的措施也能减少灼伤或火灾的风险。
注2：保护联接也可以由保护导线(体)和保护联接导线(体)通过电气设备和机器的导电部分进行传导连接而实现。
3.1.50
保护联结电路 protective bonding circuit
为防止因绝缘失效发生电击而连接在一起的保护导线(体)和导体件。
3.1.51
保护导线(体) protective conductor
从电气设备的外露可导电部分到保护接地(PE)端子提供主要故障电流路径的导体。
3.1.52
冗余技术 redundancy
多重器件或系统，或者器件或系统的一部分，用于确保一路失效时，另一路能有效地执行所要求的功能。
3.1.53
参照代号 reference designation
用于标识文件中和设备上项目的区别代码。
[IEC 81346-1：2009，定义3.11，修改]
3.1.54
风险 risk
在危险状态下，可能损伤或危害健康的概率和程度的综合。
[GB/T 15706—2012，定义3.12]
3.1.55
安全防护装置 safeguard
为保护人们避免危险而提供的防护装置或保护器件。
[GB/T 15706—2012，定义3.26]
3.1.56
安全防护safeguarding
使用安全防护装置保护人员的措施。这些保护措施使人员远离那些不能合理消除的危险或者通过本质安全设计方法无法充分减小的风险。
[GB/T 15706—2012，定义3.21]
3.1.57
安全功能 safety function
其失效会立即造成风险增加的机器功能。
[GB/T 15706—2012，定义3.30/IEC 62061：2005，定义3.2.15]
3.1.58
维护站台 servicing level
操作或维修电气设备时，维护人员通常站立的台面。
3.1.59
短路电流 short-circuit current
由于电路中的故障或连接错误造成的短路而引起的过电流。
[IEC 60050-441：1984，定义441-11-07]
3.1.60
短路额定电流 short-circuit current rating
在规定条件下，电气设备在短路保护装置(SCPD)整个动作时间(故障响应时间)内可承受的预期短路电流值。
[IEC 61439-1：2011，定义3.8.9.4]
3.1.61
熟练人员 skilled person
电气熟练人员 electrically skilled person
有技术知识或充分经验，能够察觉风险和避免电气危险的人员。
[IEC 60050-826：2004，定义826-18-01，修改]
3.1.62
供方 supplier
提供与机械相关的电气设备或服务的实体(如制造商、承包商、安装方、集成商)。
注：用户自己也可作为供方。
3.1.63
开关电器 switching device
用于接通或断开一个或几个电路电流的电器。
注：开关器件可执行一个或两个这样的动作。
[IEC 60050-441：1984，定义441-14-01，修改]
3.1.64
不可控停止 uncontrolled stop
通过切除机械致动机构的电源来停止机械的运动。
注：本术语并不意味着对其他停止器件做出任何的具体规定，如机械或液压式刹车机构。
3.1.65
用户 user
使用机械及其相关电气设备的实体。
3.2 缩略语
下列缩略语适用于本文件。
AWG：美国线规(American Wire Gauge)
AC：交流电流(Alternating Current)
BDM：基本传动模块(Basic Drive Module)
CCS：无线控制系统(Cableless Control System)
DC：直流电流(Direct Current)
EMC：电磁兼容性(Electro-Magnetic Compatibility)
EMI：电磁干扰(Electro-Magnetic Interference)
IFLS：绝缘故障定位系统(Insulation Fault Location System)
MMI：人机接口(Man-Machine Interface)
PDS：电气传动系统(Power Drive System)
PELV：保护特低电压(Protective Extra-Low Voltage)
RCD：剩余电流保护装置(Residual Currentprotective Device)
SPD：浪涌保护装置(Surge Protective Devices)
SCPD：短路保护装置(Short-Circuit Protective Device)
SELV：安全特低电压(Safe Extra-Low Voltage)
SLP：安全限位(Safely-Limited Position)
STO：安全转矩关闭(Safe Torque Off)
4 基本要求
4.1 一般原则
本部分规定机械的电气设备的要求。
作为机械风险评定的整个技术要求的一部分，与电气设备危害有关的危险应进行评定，包括：
——识别降低风险的需要；
——确定适当的风险降低；
——确定必要的保护措施。
有人可能暴露于这些危险，同时还保持机械及其设备的适当性能。
危险情况起因有下列几种，但不限于这些：
——电气设备失效或故障，从而导致电击、电弧或电火的发生；
——控制电路(或者与其有关的元器件)失效或故障，从而导致机械误动作；
——电源的骚扰或中断，以及动力电路失效或故障造成的机械误动作；
——由于滑动或滚动接触的电路连续性损失，所引起的安全功能失效；
——由电气设备外部或内部产生的电骚扰(如电磁、静电)，从而导致机械误动作；
——由存储的能量(电气或机械的)释放，从而导致例如电击、会引起伤害的非预期动作；
——噪声和机械振动达到危害人员健康的程度；
——会引起伤害的外表温度。
安全措施包括设计阶段和要求用户配置的综合设施。
在设计和研制过程中，应首先识别源于机械及电气设备的危险和风险。由本质安全设计方法不能消除危险和/或充分降低风险的场合，应提供降低风险的保护措施(例如：安全防护)。在需要进一步降低风险的场合，应提供额外的方法(例如：警示方法)，此外，降低风险的工作程序是需要的。
对有关电气设备的基本条件和用户的附加技术要求，如果用户已知，宜将附录B用于促进用户和供方之间的信息交换。
注：这些附加要求包括：
——根据机械(或一组机械)的类型和使用，提出附加的安全要点；
——便于维护或修理；
——提高操作的可靠性和简易性。
4.2 电气设备的选择
4.2.1 概述
电气设备和器件应：
——适应于它们预期的用途；和
——符合上述有关标准的规定；和
——按供方说明书要求使用。
4.2.2 开关设备
除了本部分要求外，依据机械的预期使用和机械电气设备情况，设计者可选用符合IEC 61439系列标准(参见附录F)的相关部分规定的机械电气设备部件。