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This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
Introduction
Filtration refers to the operation that the liquid in suspension passes through the filter medium under the action of external force to intercept and separate the solid particles and other substances from the liquid. According to the different filtration power, it can be divided into gravity filtration, pressure filtration and vacuum filtration. Filters are machines used for filtration process, which are generally divided into gravity filter, pressure filter, vacuum filter and filter press, as well as filters use the feed pressure of materials for filtration.
Dangerous accidents may be led due to the varied application scenarios and the harsh operating environment of the filters in many scenarios where there are hazards such as flammable and explosive substances, strong acid and alkali substances, toxic and harmful substances, or defects in the design and manufacture of the filter or the danger caused by the characteristics of the filters. At present, China has thousands of filter manufacturers and nearly hundred kinds of filter products, while no mandatory national standard issued to regulate the design, manufacture, use and maintenance of filters from the perspective of their safety performance.
Therefore, this standard specifying safety requirements of filters will provide a standard basis and specification to ensure the safety of filters in use. Through the development of this standard, the design, manufacture, use and maintenance of various filters are standardized by standardization. This standard will also help to establish market access system for filter products, prevent unqualified and dangerous filters from entering various factories, avoid industrial accidents, and protect the safety of people's lives and property.
Meanwhile, users of this standard shall be aware that the safety requirements contained in this standard are aimed at the main hazards, other than all hazards, that may occur in the use, transportation, installation, commissioning, maintenance, disassembly and disposal of filters.
Filters - Safety requirements
1 Scope
This standard specifies the safety requirements of filters in design, manufacture, installation and use, as well as the inspection and judgment methods of information for use and safety performance.
This standard is applicable to the solid-liquid separation filters for industrial use (hereinafter referred to as filters).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150
(all parts) Pressure vessels
GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use
GB/T 3766 Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
GB 3836.1 Explosive atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment - General requirements
GB/T 4774 Terminology of filtration and separation
GB 5083 General rules for designing the production facilities in accordance with safety and health requirements
GB/T 5226.1 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 7780 Filters - Model designation
GB/T 7932 Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
GB/T 8196 Safety of machinery - Guards - General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards
GB/T 9969 General principles for preparation of instructions for use of industrial products
GB/T 10894 Determination method of noise emitted by separating machine
GB/T 12265.3 Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
GB 12476.1 Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 13306 Plates
GB/T 14776 Ergonomics - Principles for determining dimensions of work places in manufacturing areas and the dimensions
GB/T 15706 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
GB/T 16251 Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems
GB/T 16754 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop - Principles for design
GB/T 16855.1 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design
GB/T 18209.2 Electrical safety of machinery - Indication marking and actuation - Part 2: Requirements for marking
GB/T 18209.3 Electrical safety of machinery - Indication, marking and actuation - Part 3: Requirements for the location and operation of actuators
GB/T 23821 Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
JB/T 9095 Conventional nondestructive testing for forging and weldment of centrifuge and separator
JB/T 10411 Ultrasonic inspection and quality estimation for stainless steel forging of centrifuge and separator
TSG 21-2016 Supervision regulation on safety technology for stationary pressure vessel
Good Manufacturing Practices (2010 Revision) (Order No.79 of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 4774 and GB/T 15706 apply.
4 Hazard list
4.1 General
The hazard items listed in 4.2 to 4.7 are the results of the risk assessment on the filters specified in GB/T 7780 in accordance with GB/T 15706. These hazard items may occur in the use, transportation, installation, commissioning, maintenance, disassembly and disposal of the equipment under the predetermined conditions specified in the instructions for use.
4.2 Mechanical hazard
4.2.1 Design factors
4.2.1.1 The structure design is wrong or unreasonable, such as insufficient strength or stiffness of structural members and connection parts, poor stability or no reliable anti loosening measures provided at the fastening parts of rotating parts, which cannot prevent personnel from being injured effectively.
4.2.1.2 Wrong materials are selected.
4.2.1.3 The strength calculation of filter pressure element (such as the drum) that falls within the scope of TSG 21-2016 is incorrect or unreasonable.
4.2.1.4 Filters used in the pharmaceutical and food industries do not meet the requirements of the Good Manufacturing Practices (2010 Revision).
4.2.1.5 No effective guards or guarding measures are provided for moving parts.
4.2.1.6 The design of hydraulic and pneumatic systems is unreasonable, for example, no overload or pressure loss protection device, or no interlock protection for related actions during operation.
4.2.1.7 Vibration hazards caused by feeding impact on the filter, material fluctuation, vibrators, etc.
4.2.1.8 The filter parts that may produce hazard, such as the flange of the hydro-cylinder and the piping connection parts of the pressure elements, have unqualified sealing measures or are not sealed.
4.2.2 Manufacturing factors
4.2.2.1 The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the materials do not meet the standard or design requirements.
4.2.2.2 Welding and inspection are not carried out as required, and the welding quality does not meet the design requirements.
4.2.2.3 Castings or forgings do not meet the design requirements or are not inspected as required.
4.2.2.4 The manufacturing and processing accuracy of parts and components, as well as the assembly of parts and components or complete machine do not meet the design requirements.
4.2.2.5 The main parts and components that shall be subjected to certain technology processing are not processed, or not processed according to the requirements, and the processed parts and components do not meet the requirements.
4.2.2.6 There are burrs, sharp corners, sharp edges, etc. on the accessible parts of filters, which may cause personal injury.
4.3 Electrical hazard
4.3.1 The design of electrical system is unreasonable, which may cause safety risks.
4.3.2 Electrical equipment does not meet safety requirements.
4.3.3 The alarms for electric shock, overload protection and fault are insufficient.
4.4 Noise hazard
The filter has no effective measures to reduce noise, which leads to hearing loss, fatigue, strain and loss of consciousness due to noise, as well as the resulting misoperation of the machine, personnel falling and tripping and other hazards.
4.5 Temperature and temperature rise hazards
4.5.1 Hazards caused by excessive temperature and excessive temperature rise of filters' main bearings and other components.
4.5.2 Hazards caused by excessive oil temperature and excessive oil temperature rise in hydraulic system.
4.5.3 Hazards caused by the high temperature during the operation of the filter (such as the filter designed with heating jacket or coil) or the high temperature of the material being treated itself, etc.
4.6 Hazards caused by auxiliary substances and materials
4.6.1 Hazards caused by exposure to auxiliary materials toxic or harmful (such as asbestos and coating materials).
4.6.2 Hazards caused by toxic or corrosive materials.
4.6.3 Hazards such as poisoning, allergy, burns and explosions caused by volatile, flammable or explosive materials.
4.6.4 Hazards caused by gas, mist, fiber, dust and suspended substances that may be generated during filtration.
4.7 Other hazards
4.7.1 Hazards that may be caused by neglecting ergonomics principles, such as error-prone operation direction, device height, inappropriate lighting, improper design of operation procedures, resulting in overstrain and fatigue of operators, etc.
4.7.2 Improper or invalid design of safety warning signs and instructions for use.
4.7.3 No effective guards and guarding measures have been taken for the filter in large size, if it is necessary to stand on the body for operation, maintenance and overhaul.
4.7.4 Improper safety design, such as improper or inadequate hazard factor analysis and residual risk determination.
4.7.5 Hazards caused by improper installation or unqualified maintenance of the filter.
5 Safety requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Inherently safe design measures shall be taken to the maximum extent for filters. Risks shall be eliminated or reduced by design, and safeguards or safeguarding measures shall be adopted if risks cannot be properly avoided or fully limited by design.
5.1.2 For residual risks that cannot be eliminated or sufficiently reduced by design and for which the safeguard is ineffective or not completely effective, the user of the filter shall be notified and alerted by information for use.
5.1.3 Information for use is an integral part of the filter supply and shall not be used to remedy design defects or replace safeguards.
5.1.4 The design, manufacture, installation, use and maintenance of the filter shall meet the requirements of GB/T 15706 and GB 5083.
5.1.5 For the control system of filters, the safety requirements and design of its relevant safety components shall meet the requirements of GB/T 16855.1.
5.1.6 The design of filters shall meet the requirements of GB/T 14776 and GB/T 16251.
5.2 Mechanical safety requirements
5.2.1 Design factors
5.2.1.1 The main structural parts and connection parts of the filter shall be subjected to strength check, and the stiffness and stability shall meet the design requirements.
5.2.1.2 The fastening parts of filters' rotating parts shall have reliable anti-loosening devices or measures.
5.2.1.3 Materials with performance indexes meeting or better than the design requirements shall be selected.
5.2.1.4 The design, manufacture and inspection of filter pressure components falling within the scope specified in TSG 21-2016 shall meet the requirements of GB/T 150.
5.2.1.5 Filters used in pharmaceutical and food industries shall meet the requirements of Good Manufacturing Practices (2010 Revision).
5.2.1.6 Effective guards or effective restrictive measures shall be provided at moving parts (such as gears, shafts, transmission belts, chains, blades and scrapers) that are easily accessible to operators, or between moving parts and stationary parts, and such guards or restrictive measures shall not cause additional hazards. The guards shall meet the requirements of GB/T 8196, and the restrictive measures shall meet the requirements of GB/T 23821 and GB/T 12265.3. For example:
a) Filters with traveling filter belts (cloth) (such as belt filter press, horizontal vacuum belt filter and filter presses) shall be provided with guards or restrictive measures to prevent people's limbs or clothes from being drawn into the filter;
b) For exposed rotating parts (such as rotary-drum vacuum filter and rotary disc of rotary disc filter), measures shall be taken to prevent personnel from contacting them;
c) Guarding measures shall be taken for exposed transmission parts (such as pull plate mechanism and gear of filter press).
5.2.1.7 Unless their shapes are suitable for hoisting, the filter parts and components that need to be hoisted shall be equipped with obvious hoisting devices such as lifting rings, lifting lugs or hoisting bolts, or shall be marked with obvious lifting positions. For the filter with packing box, the packing box shall also be provided with obvious lifting position marking.
5.2.1.8 The safety requirements of hydraulic system shall meet the requirements in GB/T 3766.
5.2.1.9 The safety requirements of pneumatic system shall meet the requirements in GB/T 7932.
5.2.1.10 Vibration caused by feeding impact, material fluctuation, vibrator and other factors shall be considered for the filter, and effective vibration damping and isolation devices shall be considered in its pipeline connection and installation foundation, and anti-vibration measures shall also be taken.
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Hazard list
4.1 General
4.2 Mechanical hazard
4.3 Electrical hazard
4.4 Noise hazard
4.5 Temperature and temperature rise hazards
4.6 Hazards caused by auxiliary substances and materials
4.7 Other hazards
5 Safety requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.2 Mechanical safety requirements
5.3 Safety requirements of electrical system
5.4 Requirements of noise
5.5 Requirements of temperature and temperature rise
5.6 Safety requirements of auxiliary substances and materials
5.7 Other safety requirements
5.8 Archives
6 Information for use
6.1 Basic requirements
6.2 Marking
6.3 Instructions for use
7 Judgment of safety performance
7.1 Sampling
7.2 Test items and judgment methods
8 Operation and maintenance
Annex A (Normative) List of safety performance test results of the filter
