1 Scope
This standard specifies the basic methods for radiographs of X-ray and γ-ray; it is applicable to fusion welded joints of plates and pipes in metallic materials.
2 Normative References
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated reference, subsequent amendments to (excluding correction contents), any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this Part are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document is applicable to this standard.
GB 18871-2002 "Basic Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources"
GB/T 9445 "Non-destructive Testing- Qualification and Certification of Personnel"
GB 16357 "Radiological Protection Standards for Industrial X-ray Detection"
GB 18465 "Radiological Protection Requirements for Industrial Gamma Defect Detecting"
JB/T 7902 "Wire Type Image Quality Indicator"
JB/T 7903 "Industrial Radiographic Illuminators"
ISO 11699-1 "Non-destructive Testing - Industrial Radiographic Films - Part 1: Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography"
ISO 11699-2 "Non-Destructive Testing - Industrial Radiographic Films - Part 2: Control of Film Processing by Means of Reference Values"
EN 462-1 "Non-Destructive Testing - Image Quality of Radiographs - Part 1: Image Quality Indicators (Wire Type) - Determination of Image Quality Value"
EN 462-2 "Non-Destructive Testing - Image Quality of Radiographs Part 2: Image Quality Indicators (Step/Hole Type) - Determination of Image Quality Value"
EN 584-1 "Non-destructive Testing--Industrial Radiographic Films--Part 1: Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography"
3 Terms, Definitions and Symbols
3.1 Normal thickness, t
The nominal thickness of the parent material, disregarding any manufacturing tolerance
3.2 Penetrated thickness, w
The normal thickness of parent material in the direction of radiography For multiple-wall radiography, the penetrated thickness is the sum of normal thicknesses of materials in all layers.
3.3 Object-to-film distance, b
The distance between the film and the test object surface at the side of source measured along the central axis of the radiation beam.
3.4 Source size, d
The size of radioactive isotope source or the size of effective focal points on X-ray tube
3.5 Source-to-film distance (SFD)
The distance between the film and the radiation source measured along the central axis of the radiation beam.
3.6 Source-to-object distance, f
The distance between the test object surface of at the source side and the source measured along the central axis of the radiation beam.
3.7 Diameter, De
The nominal external diameter of pipe or cylinder.
Foreword II
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms, Definitions and Symbols
4 Classification of Radiographic Techniques
5 General
6 Techniques for Marking Radiographs
7 Radiographic Testing Report
Appendix A (Normative) Minimum Number of Exposure for Circumferential Butt Weld under 100 % Radiograph
Appendix B (Normative) Minimum Image Quality Values
Appendix C (Informative) Defect Assessment on Radiographic Examination of Welded Joints
Appendix D (Informative) Image Quality Indicator (IQI) Type and Specification
Appendix E (Informative) Film System Classification
