标准编号:	GB 38031-2020
中文名称:	电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求
英文名称:	Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
中标分类:	T47    新能源汽车及其他类型汽车
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	43.080 43.080    商用车辆 43.080
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2020-05-12
实施日期:	2021-1-1
标准状态:	即将被替代
被新标准替代:	GB 38031-2025 电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求
被替代日期:	2026-7-1
替代旧标准:	GB/T 31485-2015 电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求及试验方法 GB/T 31467.3-2015 电动汽车用锂离子动力蓄电池包和系统 第3部分：安全性要求与测试方法
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	33000 字
翻译价格(元):	940.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



All technical contents of this standard are mandatory.



This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.



This standard replaces GB/T 31485-2015 Safety requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle and GB/T 31467.3-2015 Lithium-ion traction battery pack and system for electric vehicles - Part 3: Safety requirements and test methods. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 31485-2015 and GB/T 31467.3-2015:



——The safety requirements for secondary cell during overdischarge are modified (see 5.1.1, and 5.1.1 of GB/T 31485-2015);



——The test methods for overcharge test of secondary cell are modified (see 8.1.3, and 6.2.3 of GB/T 31485-2015);



——The test methods for extrusion test of secondary cell are modified (see 8.1.7, and 6.2.7 of GB/T 31485-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for drop test of secondary cell are deleted (see 5.1.4 and 6.2.5 of GB/T 31485-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for needling test of secondary cell are deleted (see 5.1.7 and 6.2.8 of GB/T 31485-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for seawater immersion test of secondary cell are deleted (see 5.1.8 and 6.2.9 of GB/T 31485-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for low pressure test of secondary cell are deleted (see 5.1.10 and 6.2.11 of GB/T 31485-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for battery module are deleted (see 5.2 and 6.3 of GB/T 31485-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for vibration test of battery pack or system are modified (see 5.2.1 and 8.2.1, and 7.1.1 and 7.1.3.1 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for vibration test of electronic devices of battery pack or system are deleted (see 7.1.2 and 7.1.3.2 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The test methods for mechanical shock test of battery pack or system are modified (see 8.2.2, and 7.2 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The test methods for simulated impact test of battery pack or system are modified (see 8.2.3, and 7.5 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The test methods of extrusion test of battery pack or system are modified (see 8.2.4, and 7.6 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The test methods for damp heat cyclic test of battery pack or system are modified (see 8.2.5, and 7.8 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for water immersion test of battery pack or system are modified (see 5.2.6 and 8.2.6, and 7.9 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for external fire test of battery pack or system are modified [see 5.2.7a) and 8.2.7.1, and 7.10 of GB/T 31467.3-2015];



——The safety requirements and test methods for thermal propagation test of battery pack or system are added [see 5.2.7b), 8.2.7.2 and Annex C];



——The test methods for temperature shock test of battery pack or system are modified (see 8.2.8, and 7.7 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for salt mist test of battery pack or system are modified (see 5.2.9 and 8.2.9, and 7.11 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for high altitude test of battery pack or system are modified (see 5.2.10 and 8.2.10, and 7.12 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for over-temperature protection test of battery pack or system are modified (see 5.2.11 and 8.2.11, and 7.13 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for overcurrent protection test of battery pack or system are added (see 5.2.12 and 8.2.12);



——The test methods for external short-circuit protection test of battery pack or system are modified (see 8.2.13, and 7.14 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The test methods for overcharge protection test of battery pack or system are modified (see 8.2.14, and 7.15 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The test methods for overdischarge protection test of battery pack or system are modified (see 8.2.15, and 7.16 of GB/T 31467.3- 2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for drop test of battery pack or system are deleted (see 7.3 of GB/T 31467.3-2015);



——The safety requirements and test methods for turnover test of battery pack or system are deleted (see 7.4 of GB/T 31467.3-2015).



This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.



The previous editions of this standard are as follows:



——GB/T 31485-2015;



——GB/T 31467.3-2015.



 

Introduction



This introduction is intended to introduce the principles for the requirements of this standard, and the understanding of such principles is necessary for the design and application of secondary cell, pack or system of electric vehicles traction battery. It shall be noted that for the purposes of this standard, only the most basic safety requirements for the secondary cell, pack or system of electric vehicles traction battery are considered to provide personal safety protection, while production, transportation, maintenance and recycling safety, as well as performance and functional characteristics are not involved.



Further development of technology and process will require revision of this standard.



The hazards caused by the secondary cell, pack or system of electric vehicles traction battery within the scope of this standard refer to:



——Leakage, which may cause high voltage and insulation failure of battery system, thus indirectly causing hazards such as personnel electric shock and battery system fire;



——Fire, which directly causes burns of human body;



——Explosion, which directly harms the human body, including high temperature burn, shock wave injury and explosive debris injury;



——Electric shock, i.e., the injury caused by current flowing through the human body.



The safety of the secondary cell, pack or system of electric vehicles traction battery depends on its material selection, design and service conditions. Thereof, service conditions include normal service conditions, foreseeable misuse conditions, and foreseeable fault conditions, as well as environmental conditions such as temperature and altitude that affect its safety.





Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements



1 Scope



This standard specifies the safety requirements and test methods for secondary cell, pack or system of traction battery (hereinafter referred to as battery) of electric vehicles.



This standard is applicable to rechargeable electrical energy storage devices such as lithium-ion battery and NI-MH battery for electric vehicles.



2 Normative references



The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.



GB/T 2423.4 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test method - Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12h+12h cycle)

GB/T 2423.17 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test methods - Test Ka: Salt mist

GB/T 2423.43 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test methods - Mounting of specimens for vibration, impact and similar dynamic tests

GB/T 2423.56 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Fh: Vibration, broad-band random and guidance

GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)

GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles

GB/T 28046.4-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 4: Climatic loads



3 Terms and definitions



For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 19596 and the following apply.



3.1

secondary cell

basic unit device that converts the chemical energy and electric energy mutually



Note: it generally includes electrode, diaphragm, electrolyte, housing and terminal, and is also designed to be rechargeable.



3.2

battery module

an assembly composed of two or more secondary cells in series connection, parallel connection or combination thereof, which is used as a power supply



3.3

battery pack

unit which is capable of obtaining external electric energy and outputting electric energy outwards



Note: it generally includes secondary cell, battery management module (excluding BCU), battery compartment and corresponding accessories (cooling components, connecting cables, etc.).



3.4

battery system

energy storage device consisting of one or more battery pack(s) and corresponding accessories (management system, high voltage circuit, low voltage circuit, mechanical assembly, etc.)



3.5

battery electronics

electronic device collecting or simultaneously monitoring the electric and thermal data of battery pack



Note: the battery electronics may include a cell controller and the electronic components for equalization of secondary cells. The equalization between secondary cells may be controlled by the battery electronics or battery control unit.



3.6

battery control unit

electronic device controlling, managing, detecting, or calculating relevant electric and thermal parameters of the battery system and providing communication between the battery system and other vehicle controllers



3.7

rated capacity

capacity of secondary cell, battery module, battery pack or system declared by the manufacturer after measurement under the conditions specified by the manufacturer



Note: generally, the rated capacity is expressed in Ah or mAh.



3.8

practical capacity

capacity released from a fully charged secondary cell, battery module, battery pack or system under the conditions specified by the manufacturer



3.9

state-of-charge

percentage of capacity which may be released by the current secondary cell, battery module, battery pack or system under the discharge conditions specified by the manufacturer in respect of the practical capacity



3.10

explosion

sudden release of sufficient energy to generate pressure waves or jets which may cause structural or physical damage to the surrounding area



3.11

fire

situation that any part of the secondary cell, battery module, battery pack or system keeps burning (with the flame duration greater than 1s of single fire), with spark and arc discharge not considered as combustion



3.12

housing crack

mechanical damage to the housing of secondary cell, battery module, battery pack or system due to internal or external factors, resulting in exposure or spillage of inner matter



3.13

leakage

phenomenon that visible matter is leaked out of the test object from secondary cell, battery module, battery pack or system



3.14

thermal runaway

uncontrollable temperature rise of the battery caused by the exothermic chain reaction of the secondary cell



3.15

thermal propagation

successive thermal runaway of the rest secondary cells caused by the thermal runaway of a secondary cell in a battery pack or system



3.16

end-of-charge voltage

allowable maximum voltage of secondary cell, battery module, battery pack or system during normal charge



3.17

end-of-discharge voltage

allowable minimum voltage of secondary cell, battery module, battery pack or system during normal discharge



4 Abbreviations and symbols



4.1 Abbreviations



For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.



BCU: battery control unit



FS: full scale



PSD: power spectral density



RMS: root mean square



SOC: state-of-charge



4.2 Symbols



For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.



I1: the discharge current per hour-rate (A), which is equal to the rated capacity.



I3: the discharge current (A) per 3h-rate, which is equal to 1/3 of the rated capacity.



5 Safety Requirements



5.1 Safety requirements for secondary cell



5.1.1 When subjected to overdischarge test in accordance with 8.1.2, the secondary cell shall be free from fire and explosion.



5.1.2 When subjected to overcharge test in accordance with 8.1.3, the secondary cell shall be free from fire and explosion.



5.1.3 When subjected to external short-circuit test in accordance with 8.1.4, the secondary cell shall be free from fire and explosion.



5.1.4 When subjected to heating test in accordance with 8.1.5, the secondary cell shall be free from fire and explosion.



5.1.5 When subjected to temperature cycle test in accordance with 8.1.6, the secondary cell shall be free from fire and explosion.



5.1.6 When subjected to extrusion test in accordance with 8.1.7, the secondary cell shall be free from fire and explosion.



5.2 Safety requirements for battery pack or system



5.2.1 When subjected to vibration test in accordance with 8.2.1, the battery pack or system shall be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion, without triggering abnormal termination conditions. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



5.2.2 When subjected to mechanical shock test in accordance with 8.2.2, the battery pack or system shall be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



5.2.3 When subjected to simulated impact test in accordance with 8.2.3, the battery pack or system shall be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



5.2.4 When subjected to extrusion test in accordance with 8.2.4, the battery pack or system shall be free from fire and explosion.



5.2.5 When subjected to damp heat cyclic test in accordance with 8.2.5, the battery pack or system shall be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion. The insulation resistance within 30min after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



5.2.6 When subjected to water immersion test in accordance with 8.2.6, the battery pack or system shall meet one of the following requirements:



a) It shall be free from fire or explosion when tested according to Method I;



b) It shall meet the IPX7 requirements and be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion after being tested according to Method II. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



5.2.7 The battery pack or system shall be subjected to thermal stability test in accordance with 8.2.7, except for NI-MH battery pack or system, including:



a) When subjected to external fire test in accordance with 8.2.7.1, the battery pack or system shall be free from explosion;



b) The analysis and verification for passenger protection against thermal propagation shall be performed in accordance with 8.2.7.2. The battery pack or system shall send a thermal event alarm signal 5min before any passenger compartment hazard caused by thermal propagation resulted from thermal runaway of secondary cell.



5.2.8 When subjected to temperature shock test in accordance with 8.2.8, the battery pack or system shall be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



5.2.9 When subjected to salt mist test in accordance with 8.2.9, the battery pack or system shall be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



5.2.10 When subjected to high altitude test in accordance with 8.2.10, the battery pack or system shall be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion, without triggering abnormal termination conditions. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



5.2.11 When subjected to over-temperature protection test in accordance with 8.2.11, the battery system shall be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion, without triggering abnormal termination conditions. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



5.2.12 When subjected to overcurrent protection test in accordance with 8.2.12, the battery system shall be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion, without triggering abnormal termination conditions. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



5.2.13 When subjected to external short-circuit protection test in accordance with 8.2.13, the battery system shall be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



5.2.14 When subjected to overcharge protection test in accordance with 8.2.14, the battery system shall be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion, without triggering abnormal termination conditions. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



5.2.15 When subjected to overdischarge protection test in accordance with 8.2.15, the battery system shall be free from leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100Ω/V.



6 Test conditions



6.1 General conditions



6.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the temperature is 22℃±5℃, the relative humidity is 10%~90% and the atmospheric pressure is 86kPa~106kPa for the test environment.



6.1.2 In 8.1, a secondary cell shall be taken as the test object; if the secondary cell cannot work alone, a battery module may be used for test and the safety requirements for it are still performed according to 5.1.



6.1.3 For a battery pack or system covered by a vehicle body and forming a battery pack compartment, it may be tested together with the compartment or vehicle body.



6.1.4 Necessary operation documents and the interface components (e.g., connector and plug, including cooling system interface) required for connection with the test equipment shall be included when battery pack or system test is delivered; see Annex A for the typical structure of battery pack or system. The manufacturer shall provide the safe working limits of battery pack or system.



6.1.5 The battery pack or system shall be subjected to insulation resistance test before all tests as well as after some tests. The test position is between the two terminals and electric chassis. The measured insulation resistance divided by the maximum working voltage of the battery pack or system shall not be less than 100Ω/V. See Annex B for the specific test method.



6.1.6 If the battery pack or system is not suitable for some tests for some reason (e.g., size or mass), the manufacturer and test organization may agree to take the subsystem of battery pack or system as the test object to perform all or some tests; however, the subsystem to be tested shall contain all the parts (e.g., connecting components or protective components, etc.) related to the vehicle requirements.



6.1.7 Method for adjusting SOC to n% of the test target value: charge the battery pack or system fully according to the charging method provided by the manufacturer, keep it still for 1h, and then let it discharge at 1 I3 constantly for T; wherein T is calculated using Equation (1); or adjust SOC according to the method provided by the manufacturer. After each adjustment of SOC, the test object shall be kept still for 30min before starting a new test.

Foreword I
Introduction IV
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviations and symbols
4.1 Abbreviations
4.2 Symbols
5 Safety Requirements
5.1 Safety requirements for secondary cell
5.2 Safety requirements for battery pack or system
6 Test conditions
6.1 General conditions
6.2 Accuracy of measuring apparatuses and meters
6.3 Error in test process
6.4 Data recording and its interval
7 Test preparation
7.1 Preparation for secondary cell test
7.2 Test preparation for battery pack or system
8 Test methods
8.1 Test methods for secondary cell safety
8.2 Test methods for battery back or system safety
9 Implementation date
Annex A (Informative) Typical structure of battery pack or system
Annex B (Normative) Test methods for insulation resistance of battery pack or system
Annex C (Normative) Report on analysis and verification for passenger protection against thermal propagation
Bibliography

电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求
1 范围
本标准规定了电动汽车用动力蓄电池(以下简称电池)单体、电池包或系统的安全要求和试验方法。
本标准适用于电动汽车用锂离子电池和镍氢电池等可充电储能装置。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 2423.4 电工电子产品环境试验 第2部分：试验方法 试验Db：交变湿热(12h+12h循环)
GB/T 2423.17 电工电子产品环境试验 第2部分：试验方法 试验Ka：盐雾
GB/T 2423.43 电工电子产品环境试验 第2部分：试验方法 振动、冲击和类似动力学试验样品的安装
GB/T 2423.56 环境试验 第2部分：试验方法 试验Fh：宽带随机振动和导则
GB/T 4208—2017 外壳防护等级(IP代码)
GB/T 19596 电动汽车术语
GB/T 28046.4—2011 道路车辆 电气及电子设备的环境条件和试验 第4部分：气候负荷
3 术语和定义
GB/T 19596界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
电池单体 secondary cell
将化学能与电能进行相互转换的基本单元装置。
注：通常包括电极、隔膜、电解质、外壳和端子，并被设计成可充电。
3.2
电池模块 battery module
将一个以上电池单体按照串联、并联或串并联方式组合，并作为电源使用的组合体。
3.3
电池包 battery pack
具有从外部获得电能并可对外输出电能的单元。
注：通常包括电池单体、电池管理模块(不含BCU)、电池箱及相应附件(冷却部件、连接线缆等)。
3.4
电池系统 battery system
一个或一个以上的电池包及相应附件(管理系统、高压电路、低压电路及机械总成等)构成的能量存储装置。
3.5
电池电子部件 battery electronics
采集或者同时监测电池包电和热数据的电子装置。
注：电池电子部件可以包括单体控制器和用于电池单体均衡的电子部件。电池单体间的均衡可以由电池电子部件控制，或者通过电池控制单元控制。
3.6
电池控制单元 battery control unit
控制、管理、检测或计算电池系统的电和热相关的参数，并提供电池系统和其他车辆控制器通信的电子装置。
3.7
额定容量 rated capacity
以制造商规定的条件测得的并由制造商申明的电池单体、模块、电池包或系统的容量值。
注：额定容量通常用安时(Ah)或毫安时(mAh)来表示。
3.8
实际容量 practical capacity
以制造商规定的条件，从完全充电的电池单体、模块、电池包或系统中释放的容量值。
3.9
荷电状态 state-of-charge
当前电池单体、模块、电池包或系统中按照制造商规定的放电条件可以释放的容量占实际容量的百分比。
3.10
爆炸 explosion
突然释放足量的能量产生压力波或者喷射物，可能会对周边区域造成结构或物理上的破坏。
3.11
起火 fire
电池单体、模块、电池包或系统任何部位发生持续燃烧(单次火焰持续时间大于1s)。火花及拉弧不属于燃烧。
3.12
外壳破裂 housing crack
由于内部或外部因素引起电池单体、模块、电池包或系统外壳的机械损伤，导致内部物质暴露或溢出。
3.13
泄漏 leakage
有可见物质从电池单体、模块、电池包或系统中漏出至试验对象外部的现象。
3.14
热失控 thermal runaway
电池单体放热连锁反应引起电池温度不可控上升的现象。
3.15
热扩散 thermal propagation
电池包或系统内由一个电池单体热失控引发的其余电池单体接连发生热失控的现象。
3.16
充电终止电压 end-of-charge voltage
电池单体、模块、电池包或系统正常充电时允许达到的最高电压。
3.17
放电终止电压 end-of-discharge voltage
电池单体、模块、电池包或系统正常放电时允许达到的最低电压。
4 缩略语和符号
4.1 缩略语
下列缩略语适用于本文件。
BCU：电池控制单元(battery control unit)
FS：满量程(full scale)
PSD：功率谱密度(power spectral density)
RMS：均方根(root mean square)
SOC：荷电状态(state-of-charge)
4.2 符号
下列符号适用于本文件。
I1：1h率放电电流(A)，其数值等于额定容量值。
I3：3h率放电电流(A)，其数值等于额定容量值的1/3。
5 安全要求
5.1 电池单体安全要求
5.1.1 电池单体按照8.1.2进行过放电试验，应不起火、不爆炸。
5.1.2 电池单体按照8.1.3进行过充电试验，应不起火、不爆炸。
5.1.3 电池单体按照8.1.4进行外部短路试验，应不起火、不爆炸。
5.1.4 电池单体按照8.1.5进行加热试验，应不起火、不爆炸。
5.1.5 电池单体按照8.1.6进行温度循环试验，应不起火、不爆炸。
5.1.6 电池单体按照8.1.7进行挤压试验，应不起火、不爆炸。
5.2 电池包或系统安全要求
5.2.1 电池包或系统按照8.2.1进行振动试验，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象，且不触发异常终止条件。试验后的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
5.2.2 电池包或系统按照8.2.2进行机械冲击试验，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象。试验后的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
5.2.3 电池包或系统按照8.2.3进行模拟碰撞试验，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象。试验后的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
5.2.4 电池包或系统按照8.2.4进行挤压试验，应不起火、不爆炸。
5.2.5 电池包或系统按照8.2.5进行湿热循环试验，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象。试验后30min之内的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
5.2.6 电池包或系统按照8.2.6进行浸水试验，应满足如下要求之一：
a) 按方式一进行，应不起火、不爆炸；
b) 按方式二进行，试验后需满足IPX7要求，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象。试验后的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
5.2.7 电池包或系统按照8.2.7进行热稳定性试验，镍氢电池包或系统除外。包括：
a) 按照8.2.7.1进行外部火烧试验，应不爆炸；
b) 按照8.2.7.2进行热扩散乘员保护分析和验证。电池包或系统在由于单个电池热失控引起热扩散、进而导致乘员舱发生危险之前5min，应提供一个热事件报警信号。
5.2.8 电池包或系统按照8.2.8进行温度冲击试验，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象。试验后的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
5.2.9 电池包或系统按照8.2.9进行盐雾试验，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象。试验后的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
5.2.10 电池包或系统按照8.2.10进行高海拔试验，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象，且不触发异常终止条件。试验后的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
5.2.11 电池系统按照8.2.11进行过温保护试验，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象，且不触发异常终止条件。试验后的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
5.2.12 电池系统按照8.2.12进行过流保护试验，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象，且不触发异常终止条件。试验后的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
5.2.13 电池系统按照8.2.13进行外部短路保护试验，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象。试验后的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
5.2.14 电池系统按照8.2.14进行过充电保护试验，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象，且不触发异常终止条件。试验后的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
5.2.15 电池系统按照8.2.15进行过放电保护试验，应无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象。试验后的绝缘电阻应不小于100Ω/V。
6 试验条件
6.1 一般条件
6.1.1 除另有规定，试验环境温度为22 ℃±5 ℃，相对湿度为10%~90%，大气压力为86kPa~106kPa。
6.1.2 8.1的试验对象为电池单体，若电池单体无法独立工作，可采用电池模块进行试验，安全要求仍按照5.1执行。
6.1.3 对于由车体包覆并构成电池包箱体的电池包或系统，可带箱体或车体测试。
6.1.4 电池包或系统试验交付需要包括必要的操作文件，以及和测试设备相连所需的接口部件，如连接器，插头，包括冷却系统接口，电池包或系统的典型结构参见附录A。制造商需要提供电池包或系统的安全工作限值。
6.1.5 电池包或系统在所有测试前和部分试验后需进行绝缘电阻测试。测试位置为：两个端子和电平台之间。要求测得的绝缘电阻值除以电池包或系统的最大工作电压不小于100Ω/V。具体测试方法见附录B。
6.1.6 如果电池包或系统由于某些原因(如尺寸或质量)不适合进行某些测试，那么制造商与检测机构协商一致后可以用电池包或系统的子系统代替作为试验对象，进行全部或部分测试，但是作为试验对象的子系统应包含和整车要求相关的所有部分(如连接部件或保护部件等)。
6.1.7 调整SOC至试验目标值n%的方法：按制造商提供的充电方式将电池包或系统充满电，静置1h，以1 I3恒流放电，放电时间为T ，T 按照式(1)计算得到，或者采用制造商提供的方法调整SOC。每次SOC调整后，在新的测试开始前试验对象应静置30min。
(1)
式中：
T ——放电时间，单位为小时(h)；
n ——试验目标值的百分数值。
6.1.8 测试过程中的充放电倍率大小、充放电方法和充放电截止条件由制造商提供。
6.1.9 电池单体、电池包或系统的额定容量应符合制造商提供的产品技术条件。
6.1.10 除有特殊规定，试验对象均以制造商规定的完全充电状态进行测试。
6.1.11 电池单体、电池包或系统放电电流符号为正，充电电流符号为负。
6.1.12 当电池冷却系统使用了冷却液时，如果试验不要求电池冷却，也可在排掉冷却液后进行试验。
6.2 测量仪器、仪表准确度
测量仪器、仪表准确度应不低于以下要求：
a) 电压测量装置：±0.5% FS；
b) 电流测量装置：±0.5% FS；
c) 温度测量装置：±0.5℃；
d) 时间测量装置：±0.1% FS；
e) 尺寸测量装置：±0.1% FS；
f) 质量测量装置：±0.1% FS。
6.3 测试过程误差
控制值(实际值)与目标值之间的误差要求如下：
a) 电压：±1%；
b) 电流：±1%；
c) 温度：±2℃。
6.4 数据记录与记录间隔
除在某些具体测试项目中另有说明，否则测试数据(如时间、温度、电流和电压等)的记录间隔应不大于100s。
7 试验准备
7.1 电池单体试验准备
7.1.1 标准充电
电池单体先以制造商规定且不小于1 I3 的电流放电至制造商技术条件中规定的放电终止电压，搁置1h(或制造商提供的不大于1h的搁置时间)，然后按制造商提供的充电方法进行充电，充电后搁置1h(或制造商提供的不大于1h的搁置时间)。
若制造商未提供充电方法，则由检测机构和制造商协商确定合适的充电方法，或依据以下方法充电：
以制造商规定且不小于1 I3 的电流恒流充电至电池单体达制造商技术条件中规定的充电终止电压时转恒压充电，至充电电流降至0.05I1 时停止充电，充电后搁置1h(或制造商提供的不大于1h的搁置时间)。
7.1.2 预处理
7.1.2.1 正式测试开始前，电池单体需要先进行预处理循环，以确保试验对象的性能处于激活和稳定的状态。步骤如下：
a) 按照7.1.1对电池单体进行标准充电；
b) 以制造商规定的且不小于1 I3 的电流放电至制造商规定的放电截止条件；
c) 静置30min或制造商规定时间；
d) 重复步骤a)~c)不超过5次。
7.1.2.2 如果电池单体连续两次的放电容量变化不高于额定容量的3%，则认为电池单体完成了预处理，预处理循环可以中止。
7.2 电池包或系统试验准备
7.2.1 工作状态确认
正式开始测试前，电池包或系统的电子部件或BCU 应处于正常工作状态。
7.2.2 预处理
7.2.2.1 正式测试开始前，电池包或系统需要先进行预处理循环，以确保测试时试验对象的性能处于激活和稳定的状态。步骤如下：
a) 以不小于1 I3 的电流或按照制造商推荐的充电方法充电至制造商规定的充电截止条件；
b) 静置30min或制造商规定的时间；
c) 以制造商规定的且不小于1 I3 的电流放电至制造商规定的放电截止条件；
d) 静置30min或制造商规定的时间；
e) 重复步骤a)~d)不超过5次。
7.2.2.2 如果电池包或系统连续两次的放电容量变化不高于额定容量的3%，则认为电池包或系统完成了预处理，预处理循环可以中止。
7.2.2.3 除在某些具体测试项目中另有说明，否则若预处理循环完成并满充后和一个新的测试项目之间时间间隔大于24h，则需要重新进行一次标准充电：使用不小于1 I3 的电流充电至制造商规定的充电截止条件或按照制造商推荐的充电方法充电，静置30min或制造商规定的时间。
8 试验方法
8.1 电池单体安全性试验方法
8.1.1 一般要求
所有安全试验均在有充分安全保护的环境条件下进行。如果试验对象有附加主动保护线路或装置，应除去。
8.1.2 过放电
8.1.2.1 试验对象为电池单体。
8.1.2.2 试验对象按7.1.1方法充电。
8.1.2.3 以1 I1 电流放电90min。
8.1.2.4 完成以上试验步骤后，在试验环境温度下观察1h。
8.1.3 过充电
8.1.3.1 试验对象为电池单体。
8.1.3.2 试验对象按7.1.1方法充电。
8.1.3.3 以制造商规定且不小于1 I3 的电流恒流充电至制造商规定的充电终止电压的1.1倍或115% SOC后，停止充电。
8.1.3.4 完成以上试验步骤后，在试验环境温度下观察1h。
8.1.4 外部短路
8.1.4.1 试验对象为电池单体。
8.1.4.2 试验对象按7.1.1方法充电。
8.1.4.3 将试验对象正极端子和负极端子经外部短路10min，外部线路电阻应小于5mΩ。
8.1.4.4 完成以上试验步骤后，在试验环境温度下观察1h。
8.1.5 加热
8.1.5.1 试验对象为电池单体。
8.1.5.2 试验对象按7.1.1方法充电。
8.1.5.3 将试验对象放入温度箱，用以下的条件加热：
a) 锂离子电池单体：温度箱按照5℃/min的速率由试验环境温度升至130 ℃±2 ℃，并保持此温度30min后停止加热；
b) 镍氢电池单体：温度箱按照5℃/min的速率由试验环境温度升至85℃±2℃，并保持此温度2h后停止加热。
8.1.5.4 完成以上试验步骤后，在试验环境温度下观察1h。
8.1.6 温度循环
8.1.6.1 试验对象为电池单体。
8.1.6.2 试验对象按7.1.1方法充电。
8.1.6.3 放入温度箱中，温度箱温度按照表1和图1进行调节，循环次数5次。
8.1.6.4 完成以上试验步骤后，在试验环境温度下观察1h。
表1 温度循环试验一个循环的温度和时间
温度 ℃ 时间增量 min 累计时间 min 温度变化率 ℃/min
25 0 0 0
-40 60 60 13/12
-40 90 150 0
25 60 210 13/12
85 90 300 2/3
85 110 410 0
25 70 480 6/7

温度/℃
时间/min
图1 温度循环试验示意图
8.1.7 挤压
8.1.7.1 试验对象为电池单体。
8.1.7.2 试验对象按7.1.1方法充电。
8.1.7.3 按下列条件进行试验：
a) 挤压方向：垂直于电池单体极板方向施压，或与电池单体在整车布局上最容易受到挤压的方向相同；
b) 挤压板形式：半径75mm 的半圆柱体，半圆柱体的长度(L)大于被挤压电池单体的尺寸(如图6所示)；
c) 挤压速度：不大于2mm/s；
d) 挤压程度：电压达到0V 或变形量达到15%或挤压力达到100kN 或1000倍试验对象重量后停止挤压；
e) 保持10min。
8.1.7.4 完成以上试验步骤后，在试验环境温度下观察1h。
8.2 电池包或系统安全性试验方法
8.2.1 振动
8.2.1.1 试验对象为电池包或系统。
8.2.1.2 为保护试验操作人员和实验室安全，制造商应提供电压锐变限值作为异常终止条件。
8.2.1.3 试验开始前，将试验对象的SOC状态调至不低于制造商规定的正常SOC工作范围的50%。
8.2.1.4 按照试验对象车辆安装位置和GB/T 2423.43的要求，将试验对象安装在振动台上。每个方向分别施加随机和定频振动载荷，加载顺序宜为z 轴随机、z 轴定频、y 轴随机、y 轴定频、x 轴随机、x轴定频(汽车行驶方向为x 轴方向，另一垂直于行驶方向的水平方向为y 轴方向)。检测机构也可自行选择顺序，以缩短转换时间。测试过程按照GB/T 2423.56。
8.2.1.5 对于装载在除M1、类以外的车辆上的电池包或系统，振动测试参数按照表2和图2进行，对于试验对象存在多个安装方向(x/y/z)时，按照RMS大的安装方向进行试验。对于安装在车辆顶部的电池包或系统，按照制造商提供的不低于表2和图2的振动测试参数开展振动测试。