标准编号:	GB/T 14048.5-2017
中文名称:	低压开关设备和控制设备 第5-1部分：控制电路电器和开关元件 机电式控制电路电器
英文名称:	Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear-Part 5-1:Control circuit devices and switching element-Electromechanical control circuit devices
中标分类:	K31    低压配电电器
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	29.120.40 29.120.40    开关 29.120.40
发布机构:	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2017-11-01
实施日期:	2018-5-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB 14048.5-2008 低压开关设备和控制设备 第5-1部分：控制电路电器和开关元件 机电式控制电路电器
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	80000 字
翻译价格(元):	2000.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

The Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear consists of the following parts: ——Part 1: General rules; ——Part 2: Circuit-breakers; ——Part 3: Switches, disconnectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination units; ——Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters - Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters (Including motor protector); ——Part 4-2: Contactors and motor-starters - AC semiconductor motor controllers and starters (including soft-starters); ——Part 4-3: Contactors and motor-starters - AC semiconductor controllers and contactors for non-motor loads; ——Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching element - Electromechanical control circuit devices; ——Part 5-2: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Proximity switches; ——Part 5-3: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Requirements for proximity devices with defined behaviour under fault conditions (PDDB); ——Part 5-4: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Method of assessing the performance of low-energy contacts - Special tests; ——Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function; ——Part 5-6: Control circuit devices and switching elements - DC interface for proximity sensors and switching amplifiers (NAMUR); ——Part 5-7: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Requirements for proximity devices with analogue output;   ——Part 5-8: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Three-position enabling switches; ——Part 5-9: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Flow rate switches; ——Part 6-1: Multiple function equipment - Transfer switching equipment; ——Part 6-2: Multiple function equipment - Control and protective switching devices (or equipment) (CPS); ——Part 7-1: Ancillary equipment - Terminal blocks for copper conductors; ——Part 7-2: Ancillary equipment - Protective conductor terminal blocks for copper conductors; ——Part 7-3: Ancillary equipment - Safety requirements for fuse terminal blocks; ——Part 8: Control units for built-in thermal protection (PTC) for rotating electrical machines. This part is Part 5-1 of the Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear. This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB/T 14048.5-2008 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching element - Electromechanical control circuit devices. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 14048.5-2008: ——The characteristic requirements related to making and breaking operational overvoltages are deleted (see 4.9 of Edition 2008); ——The requirements related to the polarity of contact elements are added (see 4.10); ——The content of information that shall be given by the manufacturer is added [see 5.1o)~5.1p)]; ——The requirements for the marking of terminals, emergency stop, etc. are modified (see 5.2.1~5.2.4; and 5.2.1~5.2.4 of Edition 2008); ——The requirements for glow-wire testing and test based on flammability category are added (see 7.1.2.2 and 7.1.2.3); ——The requirements for clearances and creepage distances are modified, and the corresponding provisions in IEC 60947-1 are directly quoted (see 7.1.4; 7.1.3 of Edition 2008); ——The requirements related to maximum recovery time are added (see 7.2.8); ——The requirements related to immunity are modified (see 7.3.2; 7.3 of Edition 2008); ——The kinds of special tests that can be carried out, including damp heat, salt mist, vibration and shock tests, are added (see 8.1.5); ——The requirements for electrical performance and ageing test of screwless-type clamping units are added (see 8.2.4.7~8.2.4.8); ——The requirements for velocity of movement rotary switches are added (see 8.3.2.1); ——The requirements for expected current adjustment in test circuit and test quantities are modified (see 8.3.4.3; 8.3.4.3 of Edition 2008); ——The tests for EMC are added (see 8.4); ——Figure 10 "Voltage drop measurement at contact point of the clamping unit or terminal" is added (see 8.4.4); ——Annex D "Clearances and creepage distances of control circuit devices" is deleted and left vacant; ——The requirements for the pulling force of cable in pull-out test are modified (see G.8.2.2; G.8.1.1 of Edition 2008); ——The general requirements for the verification test of electromagnetic compatibility and immunity test of control circuit devices with semiconductor switch elements are modified (see H.8.7.1~H.8.7.2; H.8.7.1~H.8.7.2 of Edition 2008); ——The requirements related to colour of lens are deleted (see Annex J); ——The requirements for terminal marking, distinctive number and distinctive letter for control circuit devices are added (see Annex M); ——"Procedure to determine reliability data for electromechanical devices in control circuits used in functional safety applications" is added (see Annex N).   This part has been redrafted and modified in relation to IEC 60947-5-1:2016 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electromechanical control circuit devices. The main technical differences with respect to IEC 60947-5-1:2016 and the reasons are as follows: ——As for the normative references, adjustments of technical differences are made to this part to keep them in line with the technical conditions in China. The adjustments are embodied in a concentrated way in Clause 2 "Normative references", specifically as follows:  The national standard GB/T 14048.1-2012 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules is added. ——The requirements for humidity resisting qualities of materials are modified to "as specified in GB/T 14048.1-2012, Annex K" in 7.1.2.1 "General materials requirements". As IEC 60947-5-1:2016 does not gives specific requirements, but only states that "special attention shall be called", which cannot meet the needs of actual test verification in China, this requirement is modified. ——8.2.1.2 "Humidity resistance test" is added to the content of materials in Clause 8 "Tests". This subclause is added because the specific requirements for humidity resisting qualities of materials have been modified in 7.1.2.1. This standard was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industrial Association. This part is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 189 National Technical Committee on Low-voltage Apparatus of Standardization Administration of China. The previous editions of this part are as follows: ——GB 14048.5-1993, GB 14048.5-2001, and GB/T 14048.5-2008. Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching element - Electromechanical control circuit devices 1 General 1.1 Scope and object This part of Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear applies to control circuit devices and switch elements intended for controlling, signalling, interlocking, etc., of switchgear and controlgear. It applies to control circuit devices having a rated voltage not exceeding 1,000V a.c. (at a frequency not exceeding 1,000Hz) or 600V d.c. However, for operational voltages below 100V a.c. or d.c., see 4.3.2.2. This part applies to specific types of control circuit devices such as: ——manually operated control switches, for example push-buttons, rotary switches, foot switches, etc.; ——electromagnetically operated control switches, either time delayed or instantaneous, for example contactor relays; ——pilot switches, for example pressure switches, temperature sensitive switches (thermostats), programmers, etc.; ——position switches, for example control switches operated by part of a machine or mechanism; ——associated control circuit device, for example indicator lights, etc. Note 1: A control circuit device includes (a) control switch(es) and associated devices such as (an) indicator light(s). Note 2: A control switch includes (a) switch element(s) and an actuating system. Note 3: A switch element may be a contact element or a semiconductor element.   It also applies to specific types of switch elements associated with other devices (whose main circuits are covered by other standards) such as: ——auxiliary contacts of a switching device (e.g. contactor, circuit breaker, etc.) which are not dedicated exclusively for use with the coil of that device; ——interlocking contacts of enclosure doors; ——control circuit contacts of rotary switches; ——control circuit contacts of overload relays. Contactor relays also comply with the requirements and tests of IEC 60947-4-1:2009 +A1:2012 except for the utilization category which comply with this part. This part does not include the relays covered in GB/T 14598 or in the IEC 61810 series, nor automatic electrical control devices for household and similar purposes. The colour requirements of indicator lights, push-buttons, etc., are found in GB/T 4025-2010 and also in CIE S 0004/E-2001 from the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). The object of this part is to state: a) the characteristics of control circuit devices; b) the electrical and mechanical requirements with respect to: 1) the various duties to be performed; 2) the significance of the rated characteristics and of the markings; 3) the tests to verify the rated characteristics. c) the functional requirements to be satisfied by the control circuit devices with respect to: 1) environmental conditions, including those of enclosed equipment; 2) dielectric properties; 3) terminals.   1.2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 2423.4-2008 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test method - Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12h+12h cycle) (IEC 60068-2-30:2005, IDT) GB/T 2423.22-2012 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test methods - Test N: Change of temperature (IEC 60068-2-14:2009, IDT) GB/T 4025-2010 Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification - Coding principles for indicators and actuators (IEC 60073:2002, IDT) GB/T 14048.1-2012 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules (IEC 60947-1:2011, MOD) GB/T 17464-2012 Connecting devices - Electrical copper conductors - Safety requirements for screw-type and screwless-type clamping units - General requirements and particular requirements for clamping units for conductors from 0.2mm2 up to 35mm2 (included) (IEC 60999-1:1999, IDT) GB/T 17626.11-2008 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests (IEC 61000-4-11:2004, IDT) IEC 60068-2-6:2007 Environmental testing - Part 2-6: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) IEC 60068-2-27:2008 Environmental testing - Part 2-27: Tests - Test Ea and guidance: Shock IEC 60417-DB:2002 Graphical symbols for use on equipment IEC 60617-DB:2012 Graphical symbols for diagrams IEC 60695-2-10:2013 Fire hazard testing - Part 2-10: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure IEC 60695-2-11:2014 Fire hazard testing - Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT) IEC 60695-2-12:2010 Fire hazard testing - Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials IEC 60695-2-12:2010/A1:2014 Amendment 1, 2014 IEC 60947-1:2007 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules IEC 60947-1:2007/A1:2010 Amendment 1, 2010 IEC 60947-1:2007/A2:2014 Amendment 2, 2014 IEC 60947-4-1:2009 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters - Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters IEC 60947-4-1:2009/A1:2012 Amendment 1, 2012 IEC 60947-5-5:1997 Low voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function IEC 60947-5-5:1997/A1:2005 Amendment 1, 2005 IEC 60947-5-5:1997/A2:2016 Amendment 2, 2016 IEC 61000-3-2 Electromagnetic compatibility ( EMC) - Part 3-2: Limits - Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current <16A per phase) IEC 61000-3-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-3: Limits - Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems, for equipment with rated current <16A per phase and not subject to conditional connection IEC 61000-4-2:2008 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test IEC 61000-4-3:2006 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-3:2006/A1:2007 Amendment 1, 2007 IEC 61000-4-3:2006/A2:2010 Amendment 2, 2010 IEC 61000-4-4:2012 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test IEC 61000-4-5:2014 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test IEC 61000-4-6:2013 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-6: Testing and measurement techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields IEC 61000-4-8:2009 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-8: Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-13:2002 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-13: Testing and measurement techniques - Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signalling at a.c. power port, low frequency immunity tests IEC 61000-4-13:2002/A1:2009 Amendment 1, 2009 IEC 61000-4-13:2002/A2:2015 Amendment 2, 2015 IEC 61140:2016 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment CISPR 11:2015 Industrial, scientific and medical equipment - Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement CIE S 004/E-2001 Colours of light signals 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60947-1:2007+A1:2010+A2:2014 and the following apply. 2.1 Basic terms and definitions 2.1.1 control circuit device an electrical device intended for the controlling, signalling, interlocking, etc., of switchgear and controlgear Note: Control circuit devices can include associated devices dealt with in other standards, such as instruments, potentiometers, relays, in so far as associated devices are used for the purposes specified above. 2.1.2 control switch (for control and auxiliary circuit) a mechanical switching device which serves the purpose of controlling the operation of switchgear or controlgear, including signalling, electrical interlocking, etc. Note 1: A control switch consists of one or more contact elements with a common actuating system. Note 2: A control switch may include semiconductor elements or contact elements (see 2.3.2 and 2.3.3). Note 3: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-46, modified. 2.1.3 control switch suitable for isolation a control switch which, in the open position, complies with the requirements specified for the isolating function (see IEC 60947-1:2007, 2.1.19 and 7.1.7) Note: Such control switches are intended to provide a higher degree of safety to personnel when working on the equipment controlled. For this reason, they have to be manually actuated relying on the intelligence of instructed persons to react in case they would fail to operate, e.g. in case of insufficiently opened contacts. 2.1.4 control station an assembly of one or more control switches fixed on the same panel or located in the same enclosure Note: A control station panel or enclosure may also contain related equipment, e.g. potentiometers, signal lamps, instruments, etc. [IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-12-08] 2.2 Control switches 2.2.1 automatic control switches Note: Automatic control switches are operated by automatic control (see IEC 60947-1:2007, 2.4.5). They are also designated as pilot switches (see IEC 60947-1:2007, 2.2.18). 2.2.1.1 instantaneous contactor relay a contactor relay operating without any intentional time delay Note: Unless otherwise stated, a contactor relay is generally an instantaneous contactor relay. [IEC 60050-441:1984, IEV 441-14-36] 2.2.1.2 time-delay contactor relay a contactor relay with specified time-delay characteristics Note 1: The time-delay may be associated with energization (e-delay) or with de-energization (d-delay) or both. Note 2: A time-delay contactor relay may also incorporate instantaneous contact elements. Note 3: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-37, modified. 2.2.1.3 position switch a pilot switch the actuating system of which is operated by a moving part of the machine, when this part reaches a predetermined position [IEC 60050-441:1984, EV 441-14-49] 2.2.1.4 programmer a control switch having a multiplicity of switch elements which, after initiation, operates in a defined sequence 2.2.2 manually operated control switches Note: Manually operated control switches are operated by manual control (see IEC 60947-1:2007, 2.4.4). 2.2.2.1 push-button a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by force exerted by a part of the human body, usually the finger or palm of the hand, and having stored energy (spring) return [IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-53] 2.2.2.2 pull-button a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by manual pull, and having stored energy (spring) return 2.2.2.3 push-pull button a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by manual push and returned to its initial position by manual pull, or vice versa Note: There are also “push-push” or “push-turn” or other combinations of buttons. 2.2.2.4 rotary button a combination of push-button type switch elements having an actuator operated by a manual rotation (see also 2.2.2.15 to 2.2.2.18 inclusive) Example: A selector switch. Note: A rotary push-button may have more than two positions; it may or may not have a spring return. 2.2.2.5 latched push-button a push-button with spring return, but which remains in the actuated position until a latch is released by a separate action Note: The latching may be released by subsequent actuation (such as pushing, turning, etc.) of the same or of an adjacent push-button or by the action of an electromagnet, etc. 2.2.2.6 locked push-button a push-button which may be secured in one or more of its positions by a separate action Note: The locking may be obtained by turning the button, by turning a key, by operating a lever, etc. 2.2.2.7 key-operated push-button a push-button which can only be operated as long as a key remains inserted Note: Key withdrawal may be provided at any position. 2.2.2.8 time-delay push-button a push-button the contacts of which return to the initial position only after a pre-determined interval of time following the release of the actuating force 2.2.2.9 delayed action push-button a push-button in which the switching operation does not occur until after the force on the button has been maintained for a pre-determined interval of time 2.2.2.10 illuminated push-button a push-button incorporating a signalling lamp in the button 2.2.2.11 covered push-button a push-button in which the button is protected against inadvertent operation by a lid or a cover 2.2.2.12 shrouded push-button a push-button in which the button is protected against inadvertent operation in certain directions 2.2.2.13 free push-button a push-button in which the rotation of the actuator around its axis is not limited 2.2.2.14 guided push-button a push-button in which the rotation of the actuator around its axis is prevented Note: Examples of guided push-buttons: the actuators of which are keyed, square or rectangular, etc. 2.2.2.15 rotary control switch rotary switch (abbreviation) a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by rotation 2.2.2.16 key-operated rotary switch a rotary switch where a key is used as the actuator Note: Key withdrawal may be provided at any position. 2.2.2.17 limited movement rotary switch a rotary switch with a restricted angular movement of its actuator 2.2.2.18 unidirectional movement rotary switch a rotary switch in which the actuating system allows rotation in one direction only 2.2.2.19 joy stick a control switch having an actuator consisting of a pin or stick projecting essentially at a right angle from the panel or enclosure when in one of its positions and intended to be operated by angular displacement Note 1: A joy stick may have more than two positions associated with different directions of the displacement of the stick and operating the contact elements differently: such a joy stick is referred to as a joy stick selector. Note 2: The pin or stick may or may not have a spring return. 2.2.2.20 wobble stick a joy stick which operates all contact elements alike, whatever be the direction of the displacement   2.2.2.21 foot switch (pedal) a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by force exerted by a foot Note: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-52, modified. 2.3 Parts of control switches 2.3.1 switch element a switch element may be a semiconductor element (see 2.3.2) or a contact element (see 2.3.3) 2.3.2 semiconductor element an element designed to switch the current of an electric circuit by means of the controlled conductivity of a semiconductor 2.3.3 contact element the parts, fixed and movable, conducting and insulating, of a control switch necessary to close and open one single conducting path of a circuit Note 1: The contact element and the actuating system may form an indivisible unit, but frequently one or more contact elements may be combined with one or more actuating system or systems. The actuating systems may be different. Note 2: Terms and definitions relating to various kinds of contact elements are given in 2.3.3.1 to 2.3.3.10 inclusive. Note 3: This definition does not include control coils and magnet systems. The following definitions refer to a single contact element of a control switch: 2.3.3.1 single gap contact element a contact element which opens or closes the conducting path of its circuit on one location only Note: See Figures 4a) and 4c).   2.3.3.2 double single gap contact element a contact element which opens or closes the conducting path of its circuit in two locations in series Note: See Figures 4b), 4d) and 4e). 2.3.3.3 make-contact element (normally open) a contact element which closes a conducting path when the control switch is actuated 2.3.3.4 break-contact element (normally closed) a contact element which opens a conducting path when the control switch is actuated 2.3.3.5 change-over contact elements a contact element combination which includes one make-contact element and one break-contact element Note: See Figures 4c), 4d) and 4e). 2.3.3.6 pulse (fleeting) contact element a contact element which opens or closes a circuit for a part of the travel during the transition of the actuator from one position to another 2.3.3.7 electrically separated contact elements contact elements belonging to the same control switch, but adequately insulated from each other so that they can be connected into electrically separated circuits, which can be either same polarity or opposite polarity Note: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-15-24, modified. 2.3.3.8 independent (snap) action contact element a contact element of a manual or automatic control device in which the velocity of contact motion is substantially independent of the velocity of motion of the actuator 2.3.3.9 dependent action contact element a contact element of a manual or automatic control device in which the velocity of contact motion depends on the velocity of motion of the actuator 2.3.3.10 contact unit a contact element or contact element combination which can be combined with similar units operated by a common actuating system 2.3.4 button the external end of the actuator of a push-button, to which the actuating force is applied 2.3.4.1 flush-button a button which is substantially level with the adjacent fixed surrounding surface when in its initial position and is below this surface when it is operated 2.3.4.2 recessed button a button which is below the adjacent fixed surrounding surface in both its initial and operated positions 2.3.4.3 extended button a button which protrudes above the adjacent fixed surrounding surface in both its initial and operated positions 2.3.4.4 mushroom button a button, the protruding end of which has an enlarged diameter 2.3.5 locating mechanism that part of the actuating system which retains the actuator and/or the contact elements in their positions Note: Other devices (e.g. a push-button with two positions, or an emergency stop) may also have such a function. 2.3.6 end stop a device that limits the travel of a moving part Note: An end stop may relate either to the actuator or to the contact element.   2.4 Operation of control switches 2.4.1 Operation of contactor relays 2.4.1.1 e-delay a delay in the operation of a contact element of a contactor relay, following the energization of the coil of the electromagnet of this contactor relay Example: Delay to close make-contacts (ON delay). Note: The terms "e-delay” and "d-delay" may be applied to any kind of contact elements (see 2.3.3). 2.4.1.2 d-delay a delay in the operation of a contact element of a contactor relay, following the de-energization of the coil of the electromagnet of this contactor relay Example: Delay to open make-contacts (OFF delay). Note: The terms "e-delay” and "d-delay" may be applied to any kind of contact elements (see 2.3.3). 2.4.1.3 fixed delay a delay in the operation of a contact element of a contactor relay, which is not intended to be adjusted in value 2.4.1.4 adjustable delay a delay in the operation of a contact element of a contactor relay, which is intended to be adjusted to different values after the installation of the contactor relay 2.4.2 Operation of pilot switches 2.4.2.1 actuating quantity the physical quantity, the value of which is decisive for the actuation or non-actuation of a pilot switch 2.4.2.2 operating value the value of the actuating quantity which is sufficient to cause a pilot switch to be actuated 2.4.2.3 return value the value of the actuating quantity which has to be re-established in order to cause an actuated pilot switch to return to its position of rest 2.4.2.4 different value the difference between the operating value and the return value 2.4.3 Operation of rotary switches 2.4.3.1 definite position (of a rotary switch) a position into which the locating mechanism pulls the rotary switch and retains it as long as the actuating moment does not exceed a certain value 2.4.3.2 position of rest a stable (definite) position into which the locating mechanism tends to move back and retain the rotary switch by stored energy 2.4.3.3 transit position a (definite) position in which the locating mechanism produces an intended marked change in the operating moment, but in which the actuator cannot remain by itself 2.4.3.4 biased position a (definite) position of a rotary switch in which the actuator is pulled against a stop from which it will return to a position of rest by means of stored energy (for example, by means of a spring) Note: During the transfer from a biased position to the adjacent position of rest, the rotary switch may pass through one or more transit positions. 2.4.3.5 latched position a biased position in which the return mechanism is held by a latching arrangement Note: The latching arrangement may be released manually or otherwise. 2.4.3.6 locked position a (definite) position in which a rotary switch is secured by separate action Note: The locking may be obtained by turning a key, operating a lever, etc. 2.4.3.7 operating diagram the representation of the intended order in which the contact elements of a rotary switch operate as a result of actuation 2.4.4 Operation of mechanically operated control switches 2.4.4.1 pre-travel of the actuator the maximum travel of the actuator which causes no travel of the contact elements Note: See Dimension a on Figure 2. 2.4.4.2 over-travel of the actuator the travel of the actuator after all the contacts have reached their closed (open) position 2.4.4.3 direct drive a connection between actuator and contact element that excludes any pre-travel of the actuator 2.4.4.4 positive drive a connection between actuator and contact element such that the force applied to the actuator is directly transmitted to the contact element 2.4.4.5 limited drive a connection between actuator and contact element that limits the force transmitted to the contact element 2.4.4.6 minimum starting force (or moment) the minimum value of force (or moment) initiating the pre-travel of the actuator 2.4.4.7 minimum actuating force (or moment) the minimum value of the force (or moment) to be applied to the actuator that will cause all contacts to reach their closed (open) position 2.4.4.8 pre-travel of the contact element the relative movement which occurs within the contact element before the contacts make (break) Note: See Dimension b on Figure 2. 2.4.4.9 over-travel of the contact element the relative movement which occurs within the contact element after the contacts have reached the make (break) position Note: See Dimension d on Figure 2. 2.4.4.10 bounce time for a contact which is closing/opening its circuit, time interval between the instant when the contact circuit first closes/opens and the instant when the circuit is finally closed/opened Note: IEC 60050-444:2002, 444-05-04, modified. 3 Classification 3.1 Contact elements Contact elements may be classified as follows: a) Utilization categories (see 4.4); b) Electrical ratings based on utilization categories (see Annex A); c) One of the following form letters (see Figure 4): 1) Form A – Single gap make-contact element; 2) Form B – Single gap break-contact element; 3) Form C – Single gap make-break three terminal change-over contact element; 4) Form X – Double gap make-contact element; 5) Form Y – Double gap break-contact element; 6) Form Z – Double gap make-break four terminal change-over contact element. d) Other types not included in c). Note 1: Regarding Figure 4e), the two moving contact elements are electrically separated (see 2.3.3.7). Note 2: Distinction is made between make before break (overlap) change-over contact elements where the two circuits are both closed for a part of the travel of the moving contacts from one position to the other, and break before make (non-overlap) change-over contact elements where the two circuits are both open for a part of the travel of the moving contacts from one position to the other. Unless otherwise stated, change-over contact elements are generally break before make. 3.2 Control switches Control switches may be classified according to the contact element and the nature of the actuating system, e.g. push-buttons, form X. 3.3 Control circuit devices Control circuit devices may be classified according to the control switch and the associated control circuit equipment, e.g. push-buttons plus indicator lights. 3.4 Time-delay switch elements Distinction is made according to how the time delay of a switch element is achieved, e.g. electrical delay, magnetic delay, mechanical delay, or pneumatic delay. 3.5 Control switch mounting The control switch mounting may be classified by the mounting hole size, e.g. D12, D16, D22, D30 (see 6.3.1). 4 Characteristics 4.1 Summary of characteristics 4.1.1 General The characteristics of control circuit devices and switch elements shall be stated in the following terms, where such terms are applicable: ——type of equipment (see 4.2); ——rated and limiting values for switch elements (see 4.3); ——utilization categories of switch elements (see 4.4); ——normal and abnormal load characteristics (see 4.3.6). 4.1.2 Operation of a control switch The principal application of a control switch is the switching of loads as indicated for the various utilization categories in Table 1. Other applications, e.g. the switching of tungsten filament lamps, small motors, etc., are not dealt with in detail in this part, but are mentioned in 4.3.6.2. 4.1.2.1 Normal conditions of use The normal use of a control switch is to close, maintain and open circuits in accordance with the utilization category shown in Table 1. Also refer to Table 4. 4.1.2.2 Abnormal conditions of use Abnormal conditions may arise, for example, when an electromagnet, although energized, has failed to close. Refer to Table 5. A control switch shall be able to break the current corresponding to such conditions of use. 4.2 Type of control circuit device or switch element 4.2.1 Kind of control circuit device The kind of control circuit device shall be stated: ——manually operated control switches, e.g. push-buttons, rotary switches, foot switches, etc.; ——electromagnetically operated control switches, either time delayed or instantaneous, e.g. contactor relays; ——pilot switches, e.g. pressure switches, temperature sensitive switches (thermostats), programmers, etc.; ——position switches; ——associated control circuit devices, e.g. indicator lights, etc. 4.2.2 Kind of switch elements The kind of switch elements shall be stated: ——auxiliary contacts of a switching device (e.g. contactor, circuit breaker, etc.) which are not dedicated exclusively for use with the coil of that device; ——interlocking contacts of enclosure doors; ——control circuit contacts of rotary switches; ——control circuit contacts of overload relays. 4.2.3 Number of poles The number of poles shall be stated. 4.2.4 Kind of current The kind of current shall be stated: ——alternating current; ——direct current. 4.2.5 Interrupting medium The interrupting medium shall be stated: ——air; ——oil; ——gas; ——vacuum, etc. 4.2.6 Operating conditions 4.2.6.1 Method of operation The method of operation shall be stated: ——manual; ——electromagnetic; ——pneumatic; ——electro-pneumatic. 4.2.6.2 Method of control The method of control shall be stated: ——automatic; ——non-automatic; ——semi-automatic. 4.3 Rated and limiting values for switch elements 4.3.1 General The rated values established for the switch elements of a control circuit device shall be stated in accordance with 4.3.2 to 4.3.6 inclusive but it is not necessary to specify all the values listed. 4.3.2 Rated voltages (of a switch element) 4.3.2.1 General A switch element is defined by the rated voltages described in 4.3.2.2 to 4.3.2.4. 4.3.2.2 Rated operational voltage (Ue) IEC 60947-1:2007, 4.3.1.1 applies with the following additions: For three-phase circuits, Ue is stated as r.m.s. voltage between phases. Note: A switch element can be assigned a number of combinations of rated operational voltage and rated operational current. Control switches dealt with in this part are not normally intended to be used at very low voltages and they may not be suitable for such a service. It is therefore recommended to seek the advice of the manufacturer concerning any application with a low value of operational voltage, e.g. below 100V a.c. or d.c.

Foreword II 1 General 2 Terms and definitions 3 Classification 4 Characteristics 5 Product information 6 Normal service, mounting and transport conditions 7 Constructional and performance requirements 8 Tests Annex A (Normative) Electrical ratings based on utilization categories (see 3.1) Annex B (Normative) Example of inductive test loads for d.c. contacts Annex C (Normative) Special tests – Durability tests Annex D Annex E (Normative) Items subject to agreement between manufacturer and user Annex F (Normative) Class II control circuit devices insulated by encapsulation Requirements and tests Annex G (Normative) Additional requirements for control circuit devices with integrally connected cables Annex H (Normative) Additional requirements for semiconductor switch elements for control circuit devices Annex J (Normative) Special requirements for indicator lights and indicating towers Annex K (Normative) Special requirements for control switches with direct opening action Annex L (Normative) Special requirements for mechanically linked contact elements Annex M (Normative) Terminal marking, distinctive number and distinctive letter for control circuit devices Annex N (Normative) Procedure to determine reliability data for electromechanical devices in control circuits used in functional safety applications Bibliography

低压开关设备和控制设备 第5-1部分：控制电路电器和开关元件 机电式控制电路电器 1 概述 1.1 范围和目的 《低压开关设备和控制设备》的本部分适用于在开关设备和控制设备中作控制、信号指示、联锁等用途的控制电路电器和开关元件。 本部分适用于额定电压交流不超过1000V(频率不超过1000Hz)或直流不超过600V的控制电路电器。 对于工作电压低于交流或直流100V的控制电路电器，见4.3.2.2。 本部分适用于下列规定型式的控制电路电器： ——人力操作控制开关，例如：按钮、旋转开关、脚踏开关等； ——电磁操作控制开关，具有延时或瞬时动作，例如：接触器式继电器； ——指示开关，例如：压力开关、温敏开关(热敏开关)、程控器等。 ——位置开关，例如：由机器或机械的一部分操控的控制开关； ——有关的控制电路电器，例如：指示灯等。 注1：控制电路电器包括控制开关和相关的电器，如指示灯。 注2：控制开关包括开关元件及操动系统。 注3：开关元件可以是触头元件或半导体元件。 本部分也适用于与其他电器(其主电路符合其他标准)相关联的规定型式的开关元件，如： ——开关电器(例如：接触器、断路器等)的辅助触头，该触头并不仅仅用于对开关电器线圈的控制； ——外壳门上的联锁触头； ——旋转开关的控制电路触头； ——过载继电器的控制电路触头。 接触器式继电器除符合本部分规定的使用类别外，还应符合IEC 60947-4-1：2009＋A1：2012的有关要求及试验。 本部分不包括GB/T 14598或IEC 61810系列标准中涉及的继电器或家用及类似用途的自动电气控制器件。 指示灯、按钮等的颜色要求见GB/T 4025—2010，也可见国际照明委员会(CIE)出版的CIES 0004/E—2001。 本部分的目的是规定： a)控制电路电器的特性； b)有关下列内容的电气和机械要求： 1)需执行的各种工作制； 2)额定性能和标志的含义； 3)验证额定性能的试验。 c)控制电路电器应满足以下有关功能要求： 1)环境条件，包括封闭式装置的环境条件； 2)介电性能； 3)接线端子。 1.2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 2423.4—2008 电工电子产品环境试验 第2部分：试验方法试验 Db 交变湿热(12h＋12h循环)(IEC 60068-2-30：2005，IDT) GB/T 2423.22—2012 电工电子产品环境试验 第2部分：试验方法 试验N：温度变化(IEC 60068-2-14：2009，IDT) GB/T 4025—2010 人机界面标志标识的基本和安全规则 指示器和操作器件的编码规则(IEC 60073：2002，IDT) GB/T 14048.1—2012 低压开关设备和控制设备 第1部分：总则(IEC 60947-1：2011，MOD) GB/T 17464—2012 连接器件 电气铜导线 螺纹型和无螺纹型夹紧件的安全要求 适用于0.2mm2以上至35mm2(包括)导线的夹紧件的通用要求和特殊要求(IEC 60999-1：1999，IDT) GB/T 17626.11—2008 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 电压暂降、短时中断和电压变化的抗扰度试验(IEC 61000-4-11：2004，IDT) IEC 60068-2-6：2007 环境试验 第2部分：试验 试验Fc：振动(正弦)[Environmental testing—Part 2-6：Tests—Test Fc： Vibration (sinusoidal)] IEC 60068-2-27：2008 环境试验 第2部分：试验-试验Ea和导则：冲击(Environmental testing—Part 2-27：Tests—Test Ea and guidance：Shock) IEC 60417-DB：2002 设备用图形符号(Graphical symbols for use on equipment) IEC 60617-DB：2012 图表用图形符号(Graphical symbols for diagrams) IEC 60695-2-10：2013 电工电子产品着火危险试验 第2-10部分：灼热丝/热丝基本试验方法灼热丝装置和通用试验方法(Fire hazad testing—Part 2-10：Glowing/hot-wire based test methods—Glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure) IEC 60695-2-11：2014 电工电子产品着火危险试验 第2-11部分：灼热丝/热丝基本试验方法成品的灼热丝可燃性试验方法(Fire hazard testing—Part 2-11：Glowing/hot-wire based test methods—Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT)) IEC 60695-2-12：2010 电工电子产品着火危险试验 第12部分：灼热丝/热丝基本试验方法 材料的灼热丝可燃性指数(GWFI)试验方法(Fire hazard testing—Part 2-12：Glowing/hot-wire based test methods—Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials) IEC 60695-2-12：2010/A1：2014第1号修改单(Amendment 1，2014) IEC 60947-1：2007 低压开关设备和控制设备 第1部分：总则(Low-voltage switchgear and con-trolgear—Part 1：General rules) IEC 60947-1：2007/A1：2010第1号修改单(Amendment 1，2010) IEC 60947-1：2007/A2：2014第2号修改单(Amendment 2，2014) IEC 60947-4-1：2009 低压开关设备和控制设备 第4-1部分：接触器和电动机起动器机电式接触器和电动机起动器(含电动机保护器)(Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear—Part 4-1：Contactors and motor-starters—Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters) IEC 60947-4-1：2009/A1：2012第1号修改单(Amendment 1，2012) IEC 60947-5-5：1997 低压开关设备和控制设备 第5-5部分：控制电路电器和开关元件 具有机械锁闩功能的电气紧急制动装置(Low voltage switchgear and controlgear—Part 5-5：Control circuit devices and switching elements—Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function) IEC 60947-5-5：1997/A1：2005第1号修改单(Amendment 1，2005) IEC 60947-5-5：1997/A2：2016第2号修改单(Amendment 2，2016) IEC 61000-3-2 电磁兼容(EMC) 第3-2部分：限值 谐波电流发射限值(设备每相输入电流＜16A)(Electromagnetic compatibility ( EMC)—Part 3-2：Limits—Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current＜16A per phase)) IEC 61000-3-3 电磁兼容(EMC) 第3-3部分：限值 对每相额定电流＜6A且无条件接入的设备在公用低压供电系统中产生的电压变化、电压波动和闪烁的限制(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 3-3：Limits—Limitation of voltage changes，voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems，for equipment with rated current ＜16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection) IEC 61000-4-2：2008 电磁兼容(EMC) 第4-2部分：试验和测量技术-静电放电抗扰度试验(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-2：Testing and measurement techniques—Electrostatic discharge immunity test) IEC 61000-4-3：2006 电磁兼容(EMC) 第4-3部分：试验和测量技术-射频场感应的传导骚扰抗扰度试验(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-3：Testing and measurement techniques—Radiated，radio-frequency，electromagnetic field immunity test) IEC 61000-4-3：2006/A1：2007第1号修改单(Amendment 1，2007) IEC 61000-4-3：2006/A2：2010第2号修改单(Amendment 2，2010) IEC 61000-4-4：2012 电磁兼容(EMC) 第4部分：试验和测量技术-第4节：电快速瞬变脉冲群抗扰度试验-基本EMC文件(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-4：Testing and measure-ment techniques—Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test) IEC 61000-4-5：2014 电磁兼容(EMC) 第4-5部分：试验和测量技术 浪涌抗扰度试验(Elec-tromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-5：Testing and measurement techniques—Surge immunity test) IEC 61000-4-6：2013 电磁兼容(EMC) 第4-6部分：试验和测量技术射频场感应的传导骚扰抗扰度(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-6：Testing and measurement techniques—Immu-nity to conducted disturbances，induced by radio frequency fields) IEC 61000-4-8：2009 电磁兼容(EMC) 第4-8部分：试验和测量技术 工频磁场抗扰度试验(E-lectromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-8：Testing and measurement techniques—Power fre-quency magnetic field immunity test) IEC 61000-4-13：2002 电磁兼容(EMC) 第4-13部分：试验和测量技术 交流电源端口谐波、谐间波及电网信号的低频抗扰度试验(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-13：Testing and measurement techniques—Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signalling at a.c.power port，low frequency immunity tests) IEC 61000-4-13：2002/A1：2009第1号修改单(Amendment 1，2009) IEC 61000-4-13：2002/A2：2015第2号修改单(Amendment 2，2015) IEC 61140：2016 电击防护 装置和设备的通用部分(Protection against electric shock—Common aspects for installation and equipment) CISPR 11：2015 工业、科学和医疗设备 射频骚扰特性 限值和测量方法(Industrial，scientific and medical equipment—Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics—Limits and methods of meas-urement) CIE S 004/E-2001 照明信号颜色(Colours of Light Signals) 2 术语和定义 IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010＋A2：2014界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 2.1 基本术语和定义 2.1.1 控制电路电器 control circuit device 在开关设备和控制设备中用于控制、信号指示、联锁等的电器装置。 注：控制电路电器可以包括涉及其他标准中的相关电器，例如仪器、电位器、继电器等，以及作上述用途的辅助电器。 2.1.2 (控制电路和辅助电路的)控制开关 control switch(for control and auxiliary circuit) 用来控制开关设备或控制设备的操作(包括发出信号、电气联锁等)的一种机械开关电器。 注1：控制开关可由具有共同操动系统的一个或多个触头元件组成。 注2：控制开关可以包括半导体元件或触头元件(见2.3.2和2.3.3)。 注3：改写IEC 60050-441：1984，定义441-14-46。 2.1.3 适用于隔离的控制开关 control switch suitable for isolation 在断开位置符合隔离功能规定要求的控制开关(见IEC 60947-1：2007中2.1.19和7.1.7)。 注：该控制开关对在被控设备上工作的人员提供较高的安全等级。因此当开关操作失误时，例如：在触头断开不充分的情况下，则必须依靠操作人员的判断进行手动操作使其达到安全位置。 2.1.4 控制站 control station 安装在同一面板或在同一外壳内的一个或多个控制开关的组合。 注：控制站的面板或外壳也可包含关联设备，例如：电位器、信号灯、仪器等。 [IEC 60050-441：1984，定义441-12-08] 2.2 控制开关 2.2.1 自动控制开关 automatic control switches 注：自动控制开关是靠自动控制进行操作(见IEC 60947-1：2007中2.4.5)。这种开关也可称为指示开关(见IEC 60947-1：2007中2.2.18)。 2.2.1.1 瞬时接触器式继电器 instantaneous contactor relay 无任何故意延时动作的接触器式继电器。 注：除非另有规定，接触器式继电器一般是指瞬时接触器式继电器。 [IEC 60050-441：1984，定义IEV 441-14-36] 2.2.1.2 延时接触器式继电器 time-delay contactor relay 具有规定延时特性的接触器式继电器。 注1：延时可为通电延时(e-延时)或断电延时(d-延时)或通电断电均延时。 注2：延时接触器式继电器也可装有瞬时触头元件。 注3：改写IEC 60050-441：1984，定义441-14-37。 2.2.1.3 位置开关 position switch 在机器的运动部件到达预定位置时操作操动系统的一种指示开关。 [IEC 60050-441：1984，定义IEV 441-14-49] 2.2.1.4 程序器 programmer 起始后，按预定程序操作的具有多开关元件的控制开关。 2.2.2 人力操作控制开关 manually operated control switches 注：人力操作控制开关是由人力控制进行操作的(见IEC 60947-1：2007中2.4.4)。 2.2.2.1 按钮 push-button 具有用人体的一部分(一般为用手指或手掌)施力而操作操动器并具有储能(弹簧)复位的控制开关。 [IEC 60050-441：1984，定义441-14-53] 2.2.2.2 拉钮 pull-button 具有用手拉操作的操动器和具有储能(弹簧)复位的控制开关。 2.2.2.3 按—拉钮 push-pull button 具有先用手按操作和后用手拉返回至其初始位置(或相反操作)的操动器的控制开关。 注：按钮的结构形式还有“按—按钮”或“按—转钮”或其他组合形式。 2.2.2.4 旋钮 rotary button 具有靠人力旋转操动器的按钮式开关元件的组合(也可参见2.2.2.15～2.2.2.18)。 示例：选择开关。 注：旋转式按钮可有两个以上位置，可以有或没有复位弹簧。 2.2.2.5 锁扣式按钮 latched push-button 具有复位弹簧的按钮，但是它保持在操动位置上直到锁扣被另一动作释放为止。 注：锁扣可由同一按钮或相邻按钮的下一次操动(诸如按、转等)来释放或用电磁铁操作来释放等。 2.2.2.6 定位式按钮 locked push-button 用另一操作保证其在一个或几个位置上的按钮。 注：可用旋转钮、旋转钥匙、操作手杆等方法定位。 2.2.2.7 钥匙操作式按钮 key-operated push-button 仅在钥匙保持在插入位置时才能操作的按钮。 注：钥匙可在任何位置拔出。 2.2.2.8 延时复位按钮 time-delay push-button 在操作力去除后，经过一预定时间间隔，触头才回复至起始位置的按钮。 2.2.2.9 延时动作按钮 delayed action push-button 施加在钮上的力保持一预定时间间隔后，才发生开关动作的按钮。 2.2.2.10 指示灯式按钮 illuminated push-button 钮中装有一信号灯的按钮。 2.2.2.11 罩盖防护式按钮 covered push-button 有防护盖或罩保护以防止意外操作的按钮。 2.2.2.12 定向防护式按钮 shrouded push-button 在一定方向提供保护以防止意外操作的按钮。 2.2.2.13 自由式按钮 free push-button 操动器可无限制地绕其轴旋转的按钮。 2.2.2.14 导向式按钮 guided push-button 其操动器不可绕其轴旋转的按钮。 注：导向式按钮举例：具有键槽形、正方形或长方形的操动器。 2.2.2.15 旋转控制开关 rotary control switch 旋转开关(简称) rotary switch(abbreviation) 具有旋转操作操动器的控制开关。 2.2.2.16 钥匙操作旋转开关 key-operated rotary switch 用钥匙作为操动器的旋转开关。 注：钥匙在任何位置均可拔出。 2.2.2.17 有限运动式旋转开关 limited movement rotary switch 操动器的转动角受限制的旋转开关。 2.2.2.18 单向运动式旋转开关 unidirectional movement rotary switch 操动系统只允许在一个方向转动的旋转开关。 2.2.2.19 操纵杆 joy stick 具有用操作柄或操作杆所组成的操动器的控制开关，当其处于某一位置时，操作柄或操作杆与面板或外壳间成一直角向外伸出，且用角位移法进行操作。 注1：操作杆随着杆朝不同方向位移可有两个以上的位置，从而有别于操作触头元件。这一操纵杆称为操纵杆式选择开关。 注2：操作柄或操作杆可有或无复位弹簧。 2.2.2.20 摇杆 wobble stick 作任何方向位移都可操作所有触头元件的操纵杆。 2.2.2.21 脚踏开关 foot switch(pedal) 具有用脚施加力操作操动器的控制开关。 注：改写IEC 60050-441：1984，定义441-14-52。 2.3 控制开关部件 2.3.1 开关元件 switch element 开关元件可以是半导体元件(见2.3.2)或触头元件(见2.3.3)。 2.3.2 半导体元件 semiconductor element 利用控制半导体的导电可控性来接通和分断电路电流的一种元件。 2.3.3 触头元件 contact element 控制开关中用于闭合和断开单一电路所需的固定的和可动的、使电路接通和断开的部件。 注1：触头元件和操动系统可组成一个不可分割的单元，但是通常一个或多个触头元件可与一个或多个操动系统组合在一起，操动系统可以是不同的。 注2：有关各种触头元件的定义在2.3.3.1～2.3.3.10中给出。 注3：上述定义不包括控制线圈和磁系统。 下列是有关控制开关单一触头元件的定义： 2.3.3.1 单断点触头元件 single gap contact element 仅由一个触点闭合或断开其电路的触头元件。 注：见图4a)和图4c)。 2.3.3.2 双断点触头元件 double single gap contact element 由串联的两个触点闭合或断开其电路的触头元件。 注：见图4b)、图4d)和图4e)。 2.3.3.3 接通(常开)触头元件 make-contact element (normally open) 当控制开关被操动时闭合一个电路的触头元件。 2.3.3.4 分断(常闭)触头元件 break-contact element (normally closed) 当控制开关被操动时断开一个电路的触头元件。 2.3.3.5 转换触头元件 change-over contact elements 由一个接通触头元件和一个分断触头元件组成的触头元件。 注：见图4c)、图4d)和图4e)。 2.3.3.6 脉冲(瞬时)触头元件 pulse(fleeting) contact element 操动器从一个位置转换至另一个位置期间，在其行程的某一段内断开或闭合电路的触头元件。 2.3.3.7 电气上分开的触头元件 electrically separated contact elements 属于同一控制开关的触头元件，彼此间有足够的绝缘距离，以使它们能接到电气上分开的电路中。电气上分开的电路可以是极性相同的也可以是极性相反的。 注：改写IEC 60050-441：1984.定义441-15-24。 2.3.3.8 非从动(快速)触头元件 independent (snap) action contact element 触头运动的速度基本上与操动器的运动速度无关的人控或自控的控制电器的触头元件。 2.3.3.9 从动触头元件 dependent action contact element 触头运动的速度取决于操作器运动速度的人力控制或自动控制的控制电器触头元件。 2.3.3.10 触头单元 contact unit 一个触头元件或同一操动系统操作的类似单元组合的触头元件组。 2.3.4 钮 button 按钮的操动器的外端，操动力施加于其上。 2.3.4.1 平钮 flush-button 其初始位置与相邻固定面基本上是同一水平，而操作时低于该固定面的钮。 2.3.4.2 凹钮 recessed button 其初始位置和操作位置都低于相邻固定面的钮。 2.3.4.3 凸钮 extended button 其初始位置和操作位置都高于相邻固定面的钮。 2.3.4.4 蘑菇钮 mushroom button 伸出端有一扩大直径的钮。 2.3.5 定位机构 locating mechanism 〈旋转开关〉使操动器和/或触头元件保持在其位置上的操动系统的部件。 注：其他电器(如带两位置或紧急制动功能的按钮)也可由此功能。 2.3.6 终端停挡 end stop 限制运动部件行程的器件。 注：终端停挡既可对操动器也可对触头元件起限位作用。 2.4 控制开关的操作 2.4.1 接触器式继电器的动作 2.4.1.1 e-延时 e-delay 〈触头元件〉在接触器式继电器的电磁线圈通电后，其触头元件的动作延时。 示例：延时闭合接通触头(闭合延时)。 注：术语“e-延时”和“d-延时”均可适用于各种触头元件(见2.3.3)。 2.4.1.2 d-延时 d-delay 〈触头元件〉在接触器式继电器的电磁线圈断电后，其触头元件的动作延时。 例如：延时断开接通触头(断开延时)。 注：术语“e延时”和“d延时”均可适用于各种触头元件(见2.3.3)。 2.4.1.3 固定延时 fixed delay 〈触头元件〉延时值为不可调节的接触器式继电器的触头元件的动作。 2.4.1.4 可调延时 adjustable delay 〈触头元件〉在接触器式继电器安装后，其触头元件的动作延时可以调节至不同数值。 2.4.2 指示开关的操作 2.4.2.1 操动量 actuating quantity 决定指示开关操作或不操作的物理量值。 2.4.2.2 动作值 operating value 足以引起指示开关动作的操动量值。 2.4.2.3 返回值 return value 使得已经动作的指示开关，返回到其休止位置而必须重新确立的操动量值。 2.4.2.4 差值 different value 动作值和返回值之间的差值。 2.4.3 旋转开关的操作 2.4.3.1 (旋转开关的)肯定位置 definite position (of a rotary switch) 只要操动力矩不超过一定值，定位机构使旋转开关进入指定位置并维持在该位置。 2.4.3.2 休止位置 position of rest 定位机构借助所储存能量使旋转开关返回至一稳定的(肯定的)位置上，并保持在该位置。 2.4.3.3 过渡位置 transit position 系一确定位置，在此位置上定位机构在操作瞬间产生预定的标记变化，但此位置操动器不能自行停留。 2.4.3.4 偏位 biased position 系旋转开关的确定位置，在此位置上操动器受拉力阻止停留，以防止其利用贮能(例如，借助弹簧)从停留位置返回到休止位置。 注：在一个偏位转移到邻近的休止位置期间，旋转开关可以经过一个或几个过渡位置。 2.4.3.5 锁扣位置 latched position 系一偏位，在此位置上返回机构被锁扣装置锁住。 注：锁扣装置可用人力释放或用其他方法释放。 2.4.3.6 锁定位置 locked position 系一确定位置，用其他动作来确保旋转开关在此位置上。 注：锁定可以用转动钥匙，操作控制杆等获得。 2.4.3.7 操作图 operating diagram 旋转开关的触头元件按预定顺序操动而动作的表示图。 2.4.4 机械操作的控制开关的操作 2.4.4.1 操动器的预行程 pre-travel of the actuator 不引起触头元件行程的操动器的最大行程。 注：见图2中尺寸a。 2.4.4.2 操动器的超行程 over-travel of the actuator 所有触头均达到其闭合(断开)位置后的操动器的行程。 2.4.4.3 直接传动 direct drive 操动器与触头元件之间的连接使操动器无任何预行程。 2.4.4.4 肯定传动 positive drive 操动器与触头元件之间的连接使施加在操动器上的力直接传递至触头元件上。 2.4.4.5 有限传动 limited drive 操动器与触头元件之间的连接使力传递至触头元件上是有限的。 2.4.4.6 最小起动力(或力矩) minimum starting force (or moment) 操动器预行程起动力(或力矩)的最小值。 2.4.4.7 最小操动力(或力矩) minimum actuating force (or moment) 施加在操动器上的能使所有触头达到其闭合(或断开)位置的力(或力矩)的最小值。 2.4.4.8 触头元件的预行程 pre-travel of the contact element 在触头接通(分断)前触头元件内产生的相对运动。 注：见图2中尺寸b。 2.4.4.9 触头元件的超行程 over-travel of the contact element 在触头已达到其接通(分断)位置后触头元件内产生的相对运动。 注：见图2中尺寸d。 2.4.4.10 弹跳时间 bounce time 对于用于闭合(断开)电路的触头，弹跳时间指触头电路第一次闭合(断开)的瞬间到电路最终被闭合(断开)的瞬间的时间间隔。 注：改写IEC 60050-444：2002，定义444-05-04。 3 分类 3.1 触头元件 触头元件可按下列分类： a)使用类别(见4.4)； b)与使用类别相关的电器额定值(见附录A)； c)下列字母型式之一(见图4)： 1)型式A——单断点接通触头元件； 2)型式B——单断点分断触头元件； 3)型式C——单断点三端子的通断转换触头元件； 4)型式X——双断点接通触头元件； 5)型式Y——双断点分断触头元件； 6)型式Z——双断点四端子的通断转换触头元件。 d)c)中没有包括的其他型式。 注1：就图4e)而言，两个动触头元件为电气上分开的(见2.3.3.7)。 注2：先通后断(闭合重叠的)转换触头元件(当动触头从一位置运动到另一位置中的某一段行程内两个电路都被闭合)与先断后通(无闭合重叠)的转换触头元件(当动触头从一位置运动到另一位置中的某一段行程内两个电路都被断开)是有区别的。除非另有规定，一般转换触头元件是指先断后通者。 3.2 控制开关 控制开关可以按触头元件以及操动系统的性质进行分类，如：按钮，型式X。 3.3 控制电路电器 控制电路电器可以按控制开关和相连的控制电路设备进行分类，如：带指示灯的按钮。 3.4 延时开关元件 延时开关元件可以按开关元件实现延时的方法进行分类，如：电延时、磁延时、机械延时或气动延时。 3.5 控制开关的安装 控制开关的安装可以按安装孔的尺寸进行分类，如：D12、D16、D22、D30(见6.3.1)。 4 特性 4.1 特性概述 4.1.1 一般要求 控制电路电器和开关元件的特性应在下列项目中选择合适的项目进行规定： ——电器的型式(见4.2)； ——开关元件的额定值和极限值(见4.3)； ——开关元件的使用类别(见4.4)； ——正常负载特性和非正常负载特性(见4.3.6)。 4.1.2 控制开关的操作 控制开关的主要用途是通断表1指定的各种使用类别的负载。 对于其他用途，例如：通断钨丝灯、小电动机等，本部分不作具体规定，但在4.3.6.2中作了说明。 4.1.2.1 正常条件下操作 控制开关的正常条件下操作是指对表1中的使用类别进行闭合、保持和断开电路，也可以参见表4。 4.1.2.2 非正常条件下操作 非正常条件下操作是指如电磁铁虽然已被激磁，但不能闭合的情况，参见表5。 控制开关应能分断该使用条件下的电流。 4.2 控制电路电器或开关元件的型式 4.2.1 控制电路电器的种类 控制电路电器的种类： ——人力操作控制开关，例如：按钮，旋转开关，脚踏开关等； ——电磁操作控制开关(延时动作或瞬时动作)，例如：接触器式继电器； ——指示开关，例如：压力开关，温敏开关(热敏开关)，程序器等； ——位置开关； ——有关的控制电路电器，例如：指示灯等。 4.2.2 开关元件的种类 开关元件的种类： ——开关电器(例如：接触器，断路器等)的辅助触头，该类触头不仅仅用于对开关电器线圈的控制； ——外壳门的联锁触头； ——旋转开关的控制电路触头； ——过载继电器的控制电路触头。 4.2.3 极数 应规定极数。 4.2.4 电流种类 电流种类： ——交流； ——直流 4.2.5 灭弧介质 灭弧介质： ——空气； ——油； ——气体； ——真空等。 4.2.6 操作条件 4.2.6.1 操作方式 操作方式： ——人力操作； ——电磁操作； ——气动操作； ——电控-气动操作。 4.2.6.2 控制方式 控制方式： ——自动； ——非自动； ——半自动。 4.3 开关元件的额定值和极限值 4.3.1 一般要求 控制电路电器的开关元件额定值应按4.3.2～4.3.6的规定，但不必规定所有列出值。 4.3.2 (开关元件的)额定电压 4.3.2.1 一般要求 开关元件的额定电压应按4.3.2.2～4.3.2.4的规定。 4.3.2.2 额定工作电压(Ue) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.1.1适用，并补充下列要求。 对于三相电路，额定工作电压Ue用线电压有效值表示。 注：开关元件可用若干额定工作电压和额定工作电流的组合来表示。 本部分涉及的控制开关一般不推荐用于很低的电压，而且也不适合这样的用途。因此，对于用于较低的工作电压时(例如低于交流或直流100V)，建议征询制造商的意见。 4.3.2.3 额定绝缘电压(Ui) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.1.2适用 4.3.2.4 额定冲击耐受电压(Uimp) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.1.3适用。 4.3.3 电流 4.3.3.1 约定自由空气发热电流(Ith) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.2.1适用。 4.3.3.2 约定封闭发热电流(Ithe) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.2.2适用。 4.3.3.3 额定工作电流(Ie) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.2.3第一段适用。 4.3.4 额定频率 IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.3适用。 4.3.5 空白 4.3.6 正常和非正常的负载特性 4.3.6.1 正常条件下开关元件的额定接通和分断能力及其特性 开关元件应满足表4中规定的使用类别和额定操作电压的要求。 注：对于已规定使用类别的开关元件，无需再单独规定其接通和分断能力。 用于通断小电动机和钨丝灯负载的开关元件应按IEC 60947-4-1：2009＋A1：2012的规定确定其使用类别，并还应符合其相应要求。 4.3.6.2 非正常条件下接通和分断能力 开关元件应符合表5中规定的使用类别的要求。 注：非正常使用条件示例：电磁铁不动作，开关元件不得不分断接通电流。 4.3.7 短路特性 4.3.7.1 额定限制短路电流 IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.6.4适用。 4.4 开关元件的使用类别 表1中规定的使用类别认为是标准使用类别，其他型式的使用类别应以制造商和用户的协议为准。但是，制造商的样本或说明书中给出的信息可构成协议。 表1 开关元件的使用类别 电流种类 使用类别 典型用途 交流 AC-12 AC-13 AC-14 AC-15 控制电阻性负载和光电耦合隔离的固态负载 控制有变压器隔离的固态负载 控制小容量电磁式负载(≤72VA) 控制交流电磁式负载(＞72VA) 直流 DC-12 DC-13 DC-14 控制电阻性负载和光电耦合隔离的固态负载 控制电磁铁 控制电路中有经济电阻的电磁式负载 4.5 空白 4.6 空白 4.7 空白 4.8 空白 4.9 空白 4.10 电气上分开的触头元件 制造商应规定控制电路电器的触头元件电气上是否分开(见2.3.3.7)。除非制造商另有说明，电气上分开的触头元件应当视为是相反的极性。 4.11 指示开关的操动量 指示开关的操动量的动作值和返回值取决于操动量的正常上升值和正常下降值。除非另有规定，操动量的变化率应是有规律的，并且不能在小于10s内达到动作值(或返回值)。 动作值和返回值两者都可以为固定值，或其中一个为可调，或者均为可调(或两者之差值可调)。 如适用，制造商应指明耐受值，该值可以是大于最高整定动作值的最大值，或是小于最低整定返回值的最小值。耐受值指在该值下操作不得损坏指示开关或改变其特性。 4.12 具有两个或多个触头元件的指示开关 具有两个或两个以上不可单独调节的触头元件的指示开关，对于每个触头元件来讲，可有不同的动作值和返回值。 具有两个或两个以上的可单独调节的触头元件的指示开关可被认为是指示开关的组合。 5 产品的有关资料 5.1 资料的内容 制造商应提供有关识别资料和基本额定值及使用类别资料。 识别资料如下： a)制造商厂名或商标； b)型号或系列号，由此可从制造商或其产品样本或按附录A的选择来获得关于开关元件(或整个控制开关)的有关资料； c)本标准号(如果制造商声明是符合该标准的话)。 基本额定值和使用类别资料如下： d)额定工作电压(见4.3.2.2)； e)控制电路电器额定工作电压下的使用类别和额定工作电流； f)额定绝缘电压(见4.3.2.3)； g)额定冲击耐受电压(见4.3.2.4)； h)空白； i)IP等级(对封闭式控制电路电器)(见IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010中5.1和附录C)； j)污染等级(见6.1.3.2)； k)短路保护电器的型式和最大额定值(见8.3.4.3)； l)限制短路电流； m)适用于隔离，如适用，应引用IEC 60617-DB：2012中S00288符号； n)相同极性 触头元件的指示； o)导线插入端子前应剥掉的绝缘的长度； p)对于非通用的无螺纹型接线端子： ——“s”或“sol”代表单根硬导线的接线端子； ——“r”代表刚性(单根或绞和)导线的接线端子； ——“f”代表软导线的接线端子。 5.2 标志 5.2.1 一般要求 5.1 a)和5.1 b)的标志应标在控制电路电器的铭牌上，以便从制造商获得完整的资料。 5.1 n)的标志应标在控制电路电器的铭牌上，以确保安装时布线正确。 标志应是不易磨灭的和易于识别的，并且标志不应标在螺钉及可移动的垫圈上。 只要空间允许，5.1 c)～5.1 m)和5.1 o)的参数应标在铭牌或控制电路电器上，或包含在制造商公布的文件中。 非通用无螺纹型接线端子的标识“s”“sol”“r”或“f”应标在电器上，或者，如果空间不够，应在最小包装或产品技术资料里注明。 5.2.2 接线端子的识别和标志 IEC 60947-1：2007中7.1.8.4适用，并增加附录M中规定的附加要求。 5.2.3 功能标志 操动器可用刻上符号的形式来识别。如果在停止钮的操动器上刻有或标有符号，那么该符号应为圆形或椭圆形(以椭圆零表示)。圆形符号或椭圆形符号只能用于停止钮。 如果空间足以确保标识清晰，则还可用字母或文字的形式作为标志。在其余情况下，识别标志应标在每个操动器周围或靠近它的固定标签上。 符号应符合IEC 60417-DB：2002。 5.2.4 紧急制动 带有机械式锁闩功能的紧急制动装置的操动器形状与颜色、背景颜色和开闩方向应符合IEC 60947-5-5：1997＋A2：2016的要求。 5.2.5 操作图 5.2.5.1 一般要求 旋转开关可以有多个触头元件和多个操动器位置，因此，制造商需要指明操动器位置与相关的触头元件位置之间的关系。 建议以操作图的形式来说明上述关系，其示例见图1，并附注说明。 5.2.5.2 位置指示和触头位置 IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010中7.1.6.1适用，并补充以下要求： 位置指示应清楚，有关内容或符号应不易磨灭和易于识别。 5.2.5.3 操作图的接线端子标记 就操作图而言，接线端子的标记应清楚识别。也可参见附录M。 5.2.6 延时标志 对于延时接触器式继电器，如果它为固定延时，则标志应包括延时值，如果它为可调延时，则标志应包括延时范围。 在具有一个以上的延时触头元件的情况下，应指明在触头元件第一次延时后每个触头元件的动作与下一个动作之间的相对延时。 如果两个或两个以上的触头元件带有可调延时，则应指明它们是否单独可调。 对于每个延时触头元件，制造商应按2.4.1.1或2.4.1.2指明其延时特性。 5.3 安装、操作和维修说明 IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010＋A2：2014中5.3适用。 5.4 附加资料 对于某些型式的控制电路电器所需的附加资料，按附录J和附录K的有关规定进行补充。 这类附加资料应由制造商提供，可用接线图或说明书的形式与控制电路电器一起提供。