标准编号:	GB 20074-2017
中文名称:	摩托车和轻便摩托车外部凸出物
英文名称:	External projections for motorcycles and mopeds
中标分类:	T80    摩托车综合
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	43.140 43.140    摩托车和机动自行车 43.140
发布机构:	质检总局 标准委
发布日期:	2017-11-01
实施日期:	2018-1-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB 20074-2006 摩托车和轻便摩托车外部凸出物
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	9000 字
翻译价格(元):	290.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina Inc.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. All the technical contents of this standard are compulsory. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB 20074-2006 External Projections for Motorcycles and Mopeds. The following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T GB 20074-2006: ——The application scope of this standard is modified; ——Normative references are modified; ——Definitions of 3.1~3.5 and 3.7~3.9 in the former standard are deleted; ——Definitions of "contact angle α, stem, plate, R point, group 1 parts and group 2 parts" are added (see 3.3~3.7); ——Chapter 4 of the former standard is deleted; ——A.1 in Annex A of the former standard is revised and incorporated into Chapter 4 of this standard; ——A.2, A.4 and A.5 in Annex A of the former standard is incorporated into 5.1 of this standard, specifying the requirements of external projections of two-wheeled motorcycles and adding technical requirements; ——The test procedures in A.3.2 of the former standard are modified (see A.3 — Test Specifications); ——A.3.1.2 of the former standard is modified (see A.2 — Test Conditions); ——"5.2 Technical requirements for external projections of three-wheeled motorcycles" is added; ——Figure A.1 is modified (see Figure 1); ——Dimensional requirements for the measuring instruments as shown in Figure A.2 are improved (see Figure A.1); ——A.2.4 in the former standard is adjusted to 5.2.1.2, and the technical requirements are specified; ——Figures 2 and 4 are added; ——A.2.5 in the former standard is deleted; ——Annex B of the former standard is deleted; ——Overall adjustment and revision are made to standard structure, and technical requirements, etc. This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. External Projections for Motorcycles and Mopeds 1 Scope This standard specifies classification standard, general requirements, special requirements and classification test methods of external projections for motorcycles and mopeds. This standard is applicable to motorcycles and mopeds (hereafter referred to as motorcycles). 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 11566 External Projections for Passenger Car 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 rear cab bulkhead farthest part in the rear of outer surface of the cab 3.2 contact angle α included angle between the plane through the test device as shown in Figure A.1 and contact point 1 and vertical to the longitudinal median plane of motorcycle and the plane through contact point 2 and the test device axis 3.3 stem circular or nearly circular projection or component with relatively constant outer diameter, including bolt and screw head, and with accessible free end 3.4 plate flat and square projection or component with obvious four edges made of materials no more than 10mm 3.5 R point design point that is established by the manufacturer according to three-dimensional coordinate system for specifying the position of each seat 3.6 group 1 parts components slightly rubbing with the test device as shown in Figure A.1 during the process of movement 3.7 group 2 parts components colliding with the test device as shown in Figure A.1 during the process of movement 4 Projection Classification Standard 4.1 External projections are classified with the test device as shown in Figure A.1 according to the method therein. 4.2 The test device is moved along the motorcycle according to the method as shown in A.3, to measure the contact angle α of the projection. 4.3 0°≤contact angle α<45°, Group 1 parts; 45°≤α≤90°, Group 2 parts. 4.4 Rear view mirrors and their assemblies that have obtained type certification are no longer classified since they are free from restriction of this standard. Figure 1 Schematic Diagram of the Contact Angle between the Test Device and the Projection 5 Technical Requirements 5.1 Technical requirements for external projections of two-wheeled motorcycles 5.1.1 General technical requirements 5.1.1.1 Motorcycles shall be free from any external outward sharp components. Due to shape, dimension, azimuth angle, hardness and other factors, such components may injure pedestrians or riders in case of traffic accidents, e.g. motorcycles colliding or scratching pedestrians. 5.1.1.2 In service on the road, components liable to touch bodies of the others shall be such designed to meet the requirements of 5.1.2. 5.1.1.3 External projections are considered as conforming to 5.1.2 when they are made of or covered by soft rubber and plastics with Shore hardness less than A60(HA). 5.1.1.4 If two-wheeled motorcycles are equipped with panels for sealing the whole of part of the rider, passengers or spare parts, the manufacturer can choose the special sealed part of the motorcycle or the external projection of the finished motorcycle to meet the requirements of GB 11566.In the case of the sealed part meeting the requirements of GB 11566, the rest external projections shall meet the requirements of 5.1.2. Meanwhile, the manufacturer must clearly state the applicable standards to this part in corresponding technical documents. 5.1.2 Special technical requirements 5.1.2.1 Curvature radius requirements for group 1 parts 5.1.2.1.1 Plate: ——The curvature radius for angles of plate shall not be less than 3.0mm; ——The curvature radius for edges of plate shall not be less than 0.5mm. 5.1.2.1.2 Stem: ——The diameter of stem or similar components shall not be less than 10mm; ——The curvature radius for ends of stem shall not be less than 2.0mm. 5.1.2.2 Curvature radius requirements for group 2 parts 5.1.2.2.1 Plate: The curvature radius for edges and angles of plate shall not be less than 2.0mm. 5.1.2.2.2 Stem: ——If stems or similar components are less than 20mm in diameter, the length of stems shall not be greater than one half of the diameter; ——If no less than 20mm in diameter, the curvature radius for end edges of stem shall not be less than 2.0mm. 5.1.2.3 Backseat pedal Backseat pedals shall be measured respectively under folded and unfolded state (excluding the backseat pedals that may be freely withdrawn, bent, folded or acted otherwise when collided by the detection device during movement), which shall meet the requirements of 5.1.2.1 or 5.1.2.2. 5.1.2.4 Rear rack For the motorcycles with rear racks, such rear racks shall be measured respectively under folded and unfolded state, which shall meet the requirements of 5.1.2.1 or 5.1.2.2. 5.1.2.5 Air guide sleeve windshield 5.1.2.5.1 Air guide sleeve windshield and other front projections for protecting instrument panel or headlamp shall be designed with a curvature radius of top edge not less than 2mm or wrapped on edges with protective materials as specified in 5.1.1.3. 5.1.2.5.2 The top edge refers to the part between the two tangent points of planes in 45° with the level planes, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Schematic Diagram of the Measurement Area on the Upper End of the Windshield 5.1.2.5.3 If the top edge is designed into an arc, its radius shall not be greater than 0.7 times of thickness of the top edge of windshield or air guide sleeve. 5.1.2.5.4 For other devices similar to air guide sleeve or windshield for protecting instrument panel or headlamp, when measured from the upper surface of the headlamp or the instrument panel, the requirements of 5.1.2.1 and 5.1.2.2 do not apply if the projection height is not greater than 50mm. 5.1.2.6 Clutch and brake operating lever Clutch and brake operating lever shall be designed into a sphere with a curvature radius not less than 7mm at the end. The curvature radius on the outer edge of the hand-held part of the control lever shall not be less than 2 mm. The control lever shall be on the off position when it is being inspected. 5.1.2.7 Front mudguard 5.1.2.7.1 The front edge of the front mudguard refers to the part between two tangent points formed by two vertical planes in 45° included angle with the longitudinal median plane of motorcycle and the front edge of the mudguard. 5.1.2.7.2 The front edge of front mudguard or any component on the mudguard shall have a curvature radius not less than 2mm. 5.1.2.7.3 If the front edge of the front mudguard is designed into an arc, its radius shall not be greater than 0.7 times of thickness of the edge of mudguard.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions 4 Projection Classification Standard 5 Technical Requirements 6 Implementation of the Standard Annex A (Normative) Classification Test Method for External Projections

ICS 43.140 T 80 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB 20074—2017 代替GB 20074—2006 摩托车和轻便摩托车外部凸出物 External projections for motorcycles and mopeds 2017—11—01发布 2018—01—01实施 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会 发布 前言 本标准的全部技术内容为强制性。 本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。 本标准代替GB 20074—2006《摩托车和轻便摩托车外部凸出物》，与GB 20074—2006相比主要技术变化如下： ——修改了标准的适用范围； ——修改了规范性引用文件； ——删除了原标准的3.1～3.5，3.7～3.9的定义； ——增加了“接触角α、杆件、板件、R点、第1类部件、第2类部件”的定义(见3.3～3.7)； ——删除了原标准第4章的内容； ——将原附录A的A.1调整为本标准的第4章，并进行了修订； ——将原标准附录A的A.2、A.4、A.5调整为本标准的5.1，明确为两轮摩托车外部凸出物的要求，并增加了技术要求； ——修改了原标准A.3.2试验程序(见A.3试验规程)； ——修改了原标准A.3.1.2的内容(见A.2试验条件)； ——增加了“5.2 三轮摩托车外部凸出物的技术要求”； ——对图A.1进行了更改(见图1)； ——对图A.2所示的测量器具的尺寸要求进行了完善(见图A.1)； ——原标准中A.2.4调整为5.2.1.2，并明确了技术要求； ——增加了图2和图4； ——删除了原标准中的A.2.5； ——删除了原标准附录B的内容； ——对标准章条结构、技术要求等进行了全面的调整和修订。 本标准由中华人民共和国工业和信息化都提出并归口。 本标准负责起草单位：国家摩托车质量监督检验中心、天津摩托车技术中心。 本标准参加起草单位：广州天马集团天马摩托车有限公司、广州番禺豪剑摩托车工业有限公司、洛阳北方企业集团有限公司、中国嘉陵工业股份有限公司、中国质量认证中心、常州豪爵铃木摩托车有限公司。 本标准主要起草人：范润利、艾焕章、田生威、冷传刚、艾东斌、陈光毓、周兴华、叶秀玲、雒林平、罗小波、高君、贺阳。 摩托车和轻便摩托车外部凸出物 1 范围 本标准规定了摩托车和轻便摩托车外部凸出物的分类标准、一般要求、特殊要求和分类试验方法。 本标准适用于摩托车和轻便摩托车(以下简称摩托车)。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 11566 乘用车外部凸出物 3术语和定义 下列定义和术语适用于本文件。 3.1 后围板 Fear cab bulkhead 位于驾驶室外表面后部最远的部分。 3.2 接触角 contact angle α 通过图A.1所示的试验装置和摩托车的第1接触点并垂直于摩托车纵向中心平面的平面，与通过第2接触点和试验装置轴线的平面之间的夹角。 3.3 杆件 stem 有相对不变外径的圆形或近似圆形的凸出物或部件，包括螺栓和螺钉头，且有可以接触到的自由端。 3.4 板件plate 凸出物或部件的外廓具有明显的四个边，外形平整、方正，且材料厚度不超过10 mm。 3.5 R点 R point 制造商根据三维坐标系统建立的，用于规定每个座位位置的设计点。 3.6 第1类部件 group 1 parts 与图A.1所示的试验装置在移动过程中轻擦的部件。 3.7 第2类部件 group 2 parts 与图A.1所示的试验装置在移动过程中发生碰撞的部件。 4凸出物的分类标准 4.1 按图1所示的方法，利用图A.1所示的试验装置对外部凸出部件进行分类。 4.2将试验装置按A.3所述的方法沿摩托车移动，测量凸出物的接触角α。 4.3 当接触角α的角度为0°≤α<45°时为第1类部件；当45°≤α≤90°时为第2类部件。 4.4对于已经获得型式认证的后视镜及其组件不受本标准的限制，无需再进行分类。 图1 测试装置与凸出部件接触角示意图 5 技术要求 5.1 两轮摩托车外部凸出物的技术要求 5.1.1一般技术要求 5.1.1.1 摩托车外部不得有任何朝向外侧的尖锐部件。由于这些部件的形状、尺寸、方位角及其硬度等因素，在摩托车与行人发生碰撞或刮蹭等交通事故时，可能会造成对行人或驾驶员的身体损伤。 5.1.1.2在道路上使用时，对于可能会触及他人身体的部件的设计应符合5.1.2的要求。 5.1.1.3 用邵氏硬度小于A60(HA)的软橡胶、塑料制造的或被这些材料覆盖的外部凸出物，则视为满足5.1.2的要求。 5.1.1.4 如果两轮摩托车上装有用于封闭或部分封闭驾驶员、乘客或摩托车零部件的面板，那么车辆制造企业可以选择该摩托车是特殊封闭部分还是整车外部凸出物满足GB 11566的要求。如果仅仅是封闭部分满足GB 11566的要求，那么其余部分的外部凸出物应满足5.1.2的要求。同时企业必须在相应的技术文件中对于该部分的适用标准进行明确说明。 5.1.2特殊技术要求 5.1.2.1 对第1类部件的曲率半径要求 5.1.2.1.1 板件： ——板件各角的曲率半径应不小于3.0 mm； ——板件边缘的曲率半径应不小于0.5 mm。 5.1.2.1.2杆件： ——杆件或类似部件的直径应不小于10 mm； ——杆件端部的曲率半径应不小于2.0 mm。 5.1.2.2对第2类部件的曲率半径要求 5.1.2.2.1 板件： 板件的边缘和角的曲率半径应不小于2.0 mm。 5.1.2.2.2杆件： ——如果杆件或类似部件的直径小于20 mm，那么杆的长度应不大于其直径的二分之一； ——如果直径不小于20 mm，杆端部边缘的曲率半径应不小于2.0 mm。 5.1.2.3后座脚踏板 应对后座脚踏板收起和伸开两种状态分别进行测量(对于检测装置在移动过程碰触时能自由收回、弯曲、折叠等的后座脚踏板除外)，且均应满足5.1.2.1或5.1.2.2的规定。 5.1.2.4后边货架 对于安装有后边货架的摩托车，应对后边货架收起和伸开两种状态分别进行测量，且均应满足5.1.2.1或5.1.2.2的规定。 5.1.2.5导流罩挡风玻璃 5.1.2.5.1 导流罩挡风玻璃及其他为保护仪表盘或前照灯装置的前凸起设计上边缘的曲率半径应不小于2 mm，或者用符合5.1.1.3规定的防护材料对其边缘进行包裹。 5.1.2.5.2上边缘是指与水平平面成45°的两个平面切点之间的部分，如图2所示。 图2挡风玻璃上端测量区域示意图 5.1.2.5.3 如果上边缘采用弧形设计，那么其半径不得大于0.7倍的挡风玻璃或导流罩上边缘的厚度。 5.1.2.5.4其他用于保护仪表盘或前照灯的类似于导流罩或挡风玻璃的装置，如果其从前照灯或仪表盘上表面测量，凸起的高度不大于50 mm时，则不适用于5.1.2.1和5.1.2.2的规定。 5.1.2.6 离合器和制动器操纵杆 离合器和制动器操纵杆的端部应为曲率半径不小于7 mm的球形。操纵杆手持部分外边缘的曲率半径应不小于2 mm。检查时操纵杆应在非工作位置。 5.1.2.7前挡泥板 5.1.2.7.1 前挡泥板前缘是指与车辆纵向中心平面成45°夹角的两个垂直平面与挡泥板前缘形成的两个切点之间的部分。 5.1.2.7.2前挡泥板的前缘或安装在挡泥板上的任何部件的曲率半径应不小于2 mm。 5.1.2.7.3 如果前挡泥板前缘采用了弧形设计，那么其半径不得大于0.7倍的挡泥板前缘的厚度。 5.1.2.8油箱及油箱盖 5.1.2.8.1 油箱上表面的任何连接件应平滑或近似球形。油箱盖后端凸出油箱表面垂直高度应不大于15 mm。如果油箱盖的凸出高度大于15 mm，则应采取防护措施进行处理，如图3所示在加油口颈部加装保护装置。 5.1.2.8.2如果油箱盖安装在驾驶员的后方或安装在驾驶员座位水平面位置以下，则无要求。 图3 燃油箱盖防护装置结构示意图 5.1.2.9 点火钥匙 除了在车辆运行期间无需插入点火开关、可以折叠或与周围表面平齐、位于驾驶员座位水平面下方以及不在驾驶员前方的点火钥匙外，其他类型的点火钥匙应有由橡胶或塑料制成的钝缘保护帽。 5.1.2.10测试装置接触不到的部件 对于在通常情况下测试装置接触不到的摩托车上朝向外侧以及凸出的部件，如果在发生碰撞的情况下，可能存在对行人造成身体损伤或撕裂伤害等潜在风险时，则应对其进行倒钝处理。 5.2三轮摩托车外部凸出物的技术要求 5.2.1 一般要求 5.2.1.1 摩托车外部不得有任何朝向外侧的尖锐部件。由于这些部件的形状、尺寸、方位角及其硬度等原因，在摩托车与行人发生碰撞或刮蹭等交通事故时，可能会造成对行人或驾驶员的身体损伤。 5.2.1.2边三轮摩托车应满足5.1的要求。但图4所示的主车与边斗之间的联结空间部分则不适用。如果边三轮摩托车在拆掉边斗后，主车可以正常使用，那么主车应满足5.1的要求。 图4 边三轮摩托车俯视示意图 5.2.2特殊要求 5.2.2.1 正三轮摩托车外部凸出物应满足GB 11566的要求。 5.2.2.2对于能够明确看到摩托车前叉、车轮、保险杠、挡泥板、导流罩、行李箱等部件的正三轮摩托车，制造企业可以选择该摩托车是满足GB 11566的要求，还是满足5.1的要求，制造厂应在相应的技术文件中进行说明。如果摩托车上装有用于封闭或部分封闭驾驶员、乘客、货物或某些特殊零部件的结构或板件，例如顶棚、顶棚支柱、车门、门把手、挡风玻璃、货车箱盖、载货平台或货箱等，那么这些部件则应满足GB 11566的要求。 5.2.2.3 对于载货用正三轮摩托车，位于后围板后方，或无后围板时位于通过距离最后面座位R点500 mm点的横向垂直面后部的所有能够接触到的边缘，如果凸出高度不小于1.5 mm，则应进行倒钝处理。 5.2.2.4一致性检查时，应拆除号牌，号牌安装空间或平面均应符合要求。 6标准的实施 对于新认证车型，自本标准发布实施之日起实施。对于在生产车型，自本标准发布实施之日起一年后实施。 附 录 A (规范性附录) 外部凸出物的分类试验方法 A.1 试验装置 试验装置的结构及尺寸如图A.1所示。 注：如果测试装置的最低部分(高度为100 mm以下)会直接与摩托车接触，为确保测试装置在整个测试过程中与摩托车完全接触，可以将该部分的直径减小至150 mm。 图A.1 测试装置结构示意图 A.2试验条件 A.2.1 试验摩托车应垂直放置于地面上，两轮着地，且其转向装置应可在其正常范围内自由活动。测试用场地地面应平整、清洁，确保测试装置在整个测试过程中保持垂直，且与摩托车纵向中心平面平行。对于装有脚起动杆和侧停车支架的摩托车，脚起动杆和侧停车支架应处于收起状态。 A.2.2 受试摩托车的轮胎规格和气压应符合企业技术文件的规定。 A.2.3驾驶员应以正常的驾驶姿势骑乘在摩托车上，且应不妨碍转向装置自由活动。 A.2.4 驾驶员的身高为1.75 m±0.05 m，驾驶员及其装备的总质量为75 kg±5 kg。 A.3试验规程 A.3.1 试验装置应分别在摩托车两侧从前向后平稳移动。如果在测试过程中试验装置碰触到转向手把或安装在转向手把上的其他部件，则应将转向手把旋转到转向轮锁止位置。试验过程中试验装置必须保持与摩托车或驾驶员接触(见图A.2)。 A.3.2摩托车前端应为第一测试接触点，测试装置移动的终止点为摩托车最后端的纵向垂直平面。试验装置应沿着摩托车与驾驶员形成的外廓外表面从前向后移动，试验装置向内侧移动的速度不得超过向后移动的速度。 A.3.3如果驾驶员的手或脚接触到试验装置时，那么手或脚应移开。如果其他相关支架(例如后座脚踏板)在碰触到试验装置后能够自由转动、折叠、弯曲或收缩，则按其过渡位置进行试验。 图A.2 测试装置运行区域示意图