标准编号:	JTG D81-2017
中文名称:	公路交通安全设施设计规范
英文名称:	Design Specification for Highway Safety Facilities
行业分类:	JT    交通行业标准
发布机构:	中华人民共和国交通运输部
发布日期:	2017-11-17
实施日期:	2018-1-1
标准状态:	现行
替代旧标准:	JTG D81-2006 公路交通安全设施设计规范
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	40000 字
翻译价格(元):	2400.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



According to the requirements of Document TINGGONGLUZI [2011] No.115 issued by the Ministry of Transport - "Notice on Issuing the Development and Revision Plan of Highway Engineering Standards in 2011", the Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport is in charge of the revision work of JTG D81-2006 Specification for Design of Highway Safety Facilities as the development organization.



The Specifications is a full revision of the former JTG D81-2006 Specification for Design of Highway Safety Facilities, shall be issued and implemented in the name of JTG D81-2017 Design Specifications for Highway Safety Facilities after being approved.



During revision, the revision group closely combined the characteristics and development trends of China's highway operation environment, as well as the functions, technical conditions, traffic conditions and topographical conditions of various grades of highways, comprehensively summarized the relevant domestic scientific research and design achievements since the implementation of JTG D81-2006 Specification for Design of Highway Safety Facilities, absorbed and borrowed the advanced experience and standards and specifications of developed countries, carried out special research on key technical issues, extensively solicited the comments of competent departments, highway construction and operation management organizations, and highway design and scientific research organizations in the transportation industry nationwide, discussed, modified and pre-designed the Specifications repeatedly, and finalized the Specifications finally through review.



The Specifications comprises 12 chapters (General Provisions; Terms; Overall Design; Traffic Signs; Traffic Markings; Barriers and Railings; Visual Guiding Devices; Fencing; Preventing Fallen Object Fence; Anti-glare Facility; Escape Lane; and Other Traffic Safety Facilities) and 1 annex.



The following main revisions have been made with respect to the former specification:



1. According to the JTG B01-2014 Technical Standard of Highway Engineering, the order of the chapters and sections is adjusted, to highlight the use functions of various types of traffic safety facilities.



2. The chapter - “Overall Design” is added to strengthen coordination and connection with highway civil engineering, highway management facilities and service facilities.



3. In the chapters - “Traffic Signs” and “Traffic Markings”, the principle content is emphasized and their roles as traffic safety facilities are highlighted.



4. In line with JTG B05-01-2013 Standard for Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Barriers, the “anti-collision grade” of the barriers is adjusted to “protection grade” and the protection grades of the barriers are added; the conditions for arrangement and determination of protection grade of roadside barrier are more detailed to increase the operability; the structural requirements for various types of bridge barriers are refined; the protective performance of moveable highway barrier of median opening is specified; and the content of “impact attenuator” is added.



5. The former chapter - “Delineator” is restored to “Visual Guiding Devices” with appropriate extension of the coverage to enhance the edge indication of special road sections such as tunnels.



6. The height and grid specification of fencing are appropriately adjusted according to the characteristics of the isolated objects in different areas, and the requirement for arranging the “movable door” is added.



7. The scope of the preventing fallen object fence is expanded to two categories: preventing fallen article fence and preventing fallen stone fence.



8. The chapter - “Escape Lane” is added, specifying the arrangement position, structural composition, horizontal and vertical alignment, length, paving materials and ancillary facilities design of the escape lane.



9. The chapter - “Other Traffic Safety Facilities” is added, specifying the arrangement principles and scale of traffic safety facilities such as wind fence, snow fence, snow marker post, height limit gantry, speed hump and convex mirror.



During the process of implementing the Specifications, all organizations concerned are kindly requested to send the problems found and opinions by letter to the routine management group of the Specifications (contact: Liu Xuehui; address: Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, No.15, East Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Tel.: 62062052; Fax: 62370155; e-mail: hx.liu@rioh.cn) for reference in the future revision.





Contents



1 General Provisions 1

2 Terms 3

3 Overall Design 6

3.1 General Requirements 6

3.2 Characteristic Analysis of the Project and Highway Network 6

3.3 Design Objectives 7

3.4 Arrangement Scale 7

3.5 Structural Design Standards 8

3.6 Design Coordination and Interface Division 12

4 Traffic Signs 13

4.1 General Requirements 13

4.2 Arrangement Principles 14

4.3 Layout Design 15

4.4 Materials 17

4.5 Supporting Methods and Structures 18

5 Traffic Markings 20

5.1 General Requirements 20

5.2 Arrangement Principles 21

6 Barriers and Railings 25

6.1 General Requirements 25

6.2 Subgrade Barrier 25

6.3 Bridge Barriers and Railings 30

6.4 Moveable Highway Barrier of Median Opening 39

6.5 Impact Attenuators 40

7 Visual Guiding Devices 42

7.1 General Requirements 42

7.2 Arrangement Principles 42

8 Fencing 45

8.1 General Requirements 45

8.2 Arrangement Principles 45

9 Preventing Fallen Object Fence 47

9.1 General Requirements 47

9.2 Arrangement Principles 47

10 Anti-glare Facility 49

10.1 General Requirements 49

10.2 Arrangement Principles 49

11 Escape Lane 51

11.1 General Requirements 51

11.2 Arrangement Principles 51

12 Other Traffic Safety Facilities 53

12.1 Wind Fence 53

12.2 Snow Fence 53

12.3 Snow Marker Post 54

12.4 Height Limit Gantry 54

12.5 Speed Hump 54

12.6 Convex Mirror 55

12.7 Other Facilities 55

Annex A Calculation Methods for Width of Clear Zone 56

Explanation of Wording in the Specifications 59







1 General Provisions

1.0.1 The Specifications is formulated with a view to standardizing the design of highway safety facilities and giving full play to the functions of traffic safety facilities.

1.0.2 The Specifications is applicable to the design of highway safety facilities for all grades of constructed, renovated and expanded highways.

1.0.3 The design contents of highway safety facilities shall include traffic signs, traffic markings (including raised pavement markers), barriers and railings, visual guiding devices, fencing, preventing fallen object fence, anti-glare facility, escape lane and other traffic safety facilities (including wind fence, snow fence, snow marker post, height limit gantry, speed hump and convex mirror).

1.0.4 The overall design of highway safety facilities shall be carried out in combination with the technical conditions, topographical conditions, traffic conditions and environmental conditions of the highway network and highways. The traffic safety facilities shall be used in a coordinated and cooperated way with each other and with the civil engineering and other facilities of the highway.

1.0.5 The design of highway safety facilities shall adhere to the principle of people orientation, prevention orientation, systematic design and key point emphasis. Based on the result of comprehensive traffic safety analysis, priority shall be given to the arrangement of active guidance facilities, and passive protection facilities shall be arranged as needed.

1.0.6 The design of traffic safety facilities for newly constructed highways should take into account the effects of highway operation and maintenance factors. The design of traffic safety facilities for renovated and expanded highways shall be carried out on the basis of investigation and comprehensive analysis of existing highway and in combination with the highway, traffic and environmental conditions after renovation and expansion, and shall include rational utilization and improvement of existing facilities.

1.0.7 The design traffic volume of highway safety facilities shall adopt that of the highway project, and the design vehicle overall dimension and representative vehicle type adopted shall meet the corresponding requirements of JTG B01 Technical Standard of Highway Engineering and JTG B05-01 Standard for Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Barriers.

1.0.8 Under the conditions of meeting safety and use functions, the reliable new technologies, new materials, new processes and new products shall be actively promoted and used.

1.0.9 In addition to the requirements stipulated in the Specifications, the design of highway safety facilities shall also comply with those specified in the current relevant national and professional standards.



 

2 Terms

2.0.1 clear zone



strip zone outside the highway carriageway, where no obstacle exists and vehicles can be parked or driven back to the highway after being driven out of the carriageway

2.0.2 standard sections of highway barriers



structure section of highway barriers, in which the cross section structure remains unchanged and is continuously arranged within a certain length

2.0.3 transition sections of highway barriers



structure section of highway barriers, which is arranged between two different structural forms or different protection grades, is smoothly connected, and has smooth transition of the structural stiffness

2.0.4 roadside barrier



barrier arranged outside the roadside structure gauge

2.0.5 median barrier



barrier arranged in the median barrier of the highway

2.0.6 moveable highway barrier of median opening



structure section of highway barriers, which is arranged at the opening of median divider of the highway and has the opening function

2.0.7 rigid barrier



a kind of barrier that is basically not deformed after being impacted by a vehicle, with the major representative type of concrete barrier, which absorbs the impact energy of vehicle through climbing motion and turning of the vehicle

2.0.8 semi-rigid barrier



a kind of barrier that is deformed to a certain extent but is provided with certain strength and stiffness, with the major representative type of corrugated beam barrier, which absorbs the impact energy of vehicle upon the deformation of soil base, post and corrugated steel plate

2.0.9 flexible barrier



a kind of tough barrier structure with relatively large buffer capacity, with the major representative type of cable barrier, which absorbs the impact energy of vehicle upon the tensile stress of cable

2.0.10 impact attenuator



facility installed at the diverging nose end at the exit of highway interchange, service area and parking area, the head of toll island, or the end of barriers, etc. to reduce the impact and reduce the damages to the impacted vehicle and people inside the vehicle, with main forms of crashworthy terminal, crash cushion, etc.

2.0.11 crashworthy terminal



facility that is arranged at the starting point facing the vehicle flow of barrier and is connected to the barrier to block, buffer and guide the impacted vehicle

2.0.12 crash cushion



a kind of impact attenuator that is arranged in front of the obstacle at the highway traffic diverging site or the obstacle at other places, absorbs the impact energy of vehicle by self-deformation so as to reduce the degree of damage of the occupants and may be divided into redirective crash cushion and non-redirective crash cushion

2.0.13 traffic separation facilities



facilities used for separating two-way or one-way traffic, motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles, and vehicles and pedestrians

2.0.14 visual guiding devices



facilities indicating the highway alignment and contour and the traveling direction, mainly including delineator, converging guiding sign, alignment guiding sign, tunnel contour belt, warning pile, warning pier and intersection guard post

2.0.15 fencing



facilities arranged on both sides of the highway to prevent people and animals from entering the highway or other prohibited areas along the line and to prevent illegal occupation of highway land

2.0.16 preventing fallen object fence



facilities arranged on both sides of the highway bridge to prevent the thrown objects, sundries or transportation debris from entering the railway, navigable rivers or highways with large traffic volume under the bridge, which are referred to as preventing fallen article fence



flexible protective facilities arranged on the cutting slope of highway to prevent the falling stone from entering the structure gauge of highway, which are referred to as preventing fallen stone fence



preventing fallen article fence and preventing fallen stone fence are collectively referred to as preventing fallen object fence

2.0.17 anti-glare facility



facility preventing the headlight glare of vehicles in opposite direction during night driving

2.0.18 wind fence



facility arranged on the windward side or both sides of the highway to mitigate the influence of strong wind on the vehicles running on the highway

2.0.19 snow fence



facility arranged on the windward side or both sides of the highway to mitigate the influence of snowdrift on the highway

2.0.20 snow marker post



facility arranged on both sides of the highway in the road sections possibly with thick snow coverage to indicate the edges of highway pavement

2.0.21 speed hump



arc-shaped raised area that is arranged on the carriageway or is extended to the entire highway pavement width, and is used in conjunction with corresponding traffic signs and markings to remind the drivers to control the vehicle speed



 

3 Overall Design



3.1 General Requirements

3.1.1 The highway safety facilities must be designed, constructed, and put into production and application at the same time as the highway civil engineering.

3.1.2 The highway safety facilities shall be subject to overall design.

3.1.3 The overall design of highway safety facilities shall be carried out on the basis of adequate collection of the planning, technical requirements, design drawings and traffic safety evaluation conclusions of the project and the highway network, as well as the on-site survey.

3.1.4 The overall design of highway safety facilities shall include the characteristic analysis, design objectives, arrangement scale, structural design standards, design coordination and interface division of the project and highway network.

3.1.5 In addition to the requirements stipulated in 3.1.4 herein, the overall design of renovated and expanded highway safety facilities shall also be based on the conclusions of investigation and comprehensive analysis on existing highway, including the reuse scheme of existing facilities and design scheme of temporary traffic safety facilities.



3.2 Characteristic Analysis of the Project and Highway Network

3.2.1 The analysis of the project-related data shall include the following:



1 The functions and orientation of the project in the highway network;



2 The scope of direct and indirect services of the project;



3 The distribution of important facilities such as traffic hubs, tourist attractions and drinking water source protection areas along the line of the project;



4 The technical standards, topographical conditions, traffic conditions and environmental conditions of the project.

3.2.2 The analysis of the relationship between the project and the highway network shall include the following:



1 The stake No. information transferred by the mileage from starting point to ending point;



2 The starting and ending point information of the coincident section;



3 The starting and ending point information of the cross-town section;



4 The route information constituting multiple paths;



5 The naming and numbering information of related routes;



6 The information about the highways, railways and waterways being crossed.

3.2.3 The comprehensive traffic safety analysis of the project from the perspective of the highway users shall include the following:



1 The safety risks and hidden dangerous road sections (points) that may exist during highway operation;



2 The safety design focus of traffic safety facilities.



3.3 Design Objectives

3.3.1 The design objectives of traffic safety facilities shall be proposed from the aspects such as service, safety, management, environment and cost in combination with the analysis results of project and highway network characteristics.

3.3.2 For the highway renovation and expansion projects, the design objectives of reusing existing traffic safety facilities and arranging temporary traffic safety facilities shall be proposed.



3.4 Arrangement Scale

3.4.1 The arrangement scale of highway safety facilities shall be reasonably determined according to the determined design objectives, taking into account factors such as the highway network planning, highway function, technical level, traffic volume, vehicle type composition and environment.

3.4.2 For the main arterial highways, systematic and perfect traffic signs, markings, visual guiding devices, fencing, and necessary preventing fallen object fence and anti-glare facilities shall be arranged according to the provisions of the Specifications; for the bridges and high-embankment road sections, roadside barriers must be arranged; where the central strip width of integral cross-section is less than or equal to 12m, the median barrier must be arranged continuously; in case of a connection between the barriers of different types, transition design shall be carried out; moveable highway barrier of median opening must be arranged; crash cushion shall be arranged at the exit triangular diverging end.

3.4.3 For the secondary arterial highways, perfect traffic signs, markings, visual guiding devices, and necessary fencing and preventing fallen object fence shall be arranged according to the provisions of the Specifications; for the bridges and high-embankment road sections, roadside barriers must be arranged; where the central strip width of integral cross-section of Class I highway is less than or equal to 12m, the median barrier must be arranged continuously; in case of a connection between the barriers of different types, transition design shall be carried out; moveable highway barrier of expressway median opening must be arranged; and anti-glare facility may be arranged for Class I highway as needed.

3.4.4 For the main collector-distributor highways, relatively perfect traffic signs, markings, and necessary visual guiding devices and fencing shall be arranged according to the provisions of the Specifications; for the bridges and high-embankment road sections, roadside barriers must be arranged; for Class I highway, traffic separation facilities ensuring driving safety shall be arranged at the central strip of integral cross-section.

3.4.5 For the secondary collector-distributor highways, relatively perfect traffic signs, markings and necessary visual guiding devices shall be arranged according to the provisions of the Specifications; for the bridges and high-embankment road sections, roadside barriers must be arranged.

3.4.6 For the branch highways, traffic signs shall be arranged according to the provisions of the Specifications; for the road sections with poor sight distance, sharp turn or steep slope, traffic markings and necessary visual guiding devices shall be arranged; and for the road sections with cliff, deep valley, deep trench, river, lake and sea not meeting the requirement for the calculated width of clear zone existing on the road side, roadside barriers shall be arranged.

3.4.7 For continuous long and steep downhill section of highway, it is necessary to demonstrate whether escape lane needs to be arranged according to the provisions of the Specifications in combination with the results of comprehensive traffic safety analysis. Where an escape lane is arranged, supporting traffic signs, markings, and traffic separation facility, protection facility, impact attenuator and other facilities shall be arranged.

3.4.8 For the road sections where the highway traffic safety is endangered by wind and snow, traffic safety facilities such as wind fence, snow fence and snow marker post shall be arranged according to the provisions of the Specifications; according to the requirements of operation management and traffic management, traffic safety facilities such as height limit gantry, speed hump and convex mirror may be arranged according to the provisions of the Specifications.



3.5 Structural Design Standards

3.5.1 The actions adopted in the structural design of highway safety facilities shall meet the requirements of Table 3.5.1. Except for the impact load of vehicle borne by the bridge barriers, the standard value, representative value and combined effect design value of other actions shall be calculated by reference to the current JTG D60 General Specifications for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts. In case of any other non-negligible action in the structure, its standard value, representative value and combined effect design value shall be calculated according to the requirements of the relevant specifications.



Table 3.5.1 Actions Adopted in Structural Design of Highway Safety Facilities

Facility type Action name Action classification

Barriers Structure gravity (including additional gravity of structure) Permanent action

Soil gravity (subgrade barrier)

Soil lateral pressure (subgrade barrier)

Pre-applied force (cable barrier)

Wind load Variable action

Railing load of sidewalk and bikeway

Impact load of vehicle Accidental action

Traffic signs, preventing fallen article fence, fencing, anti-glare facility, wind fence, snow fence and height limit warning gantry Structure gravity (including additional gravity of structure) Permanent action

Soil gravity (arranged at the soil base)

Soil lateral pressure (arranged at the soil base)

Wind load Variable action

Temperature action

Anti-crash height limit gantry Structure gravity (including additional gravity of structure) Permanent action

Soil gravity (arranged at the soil base)

Soil lateral pressure (arranged at the soil base) Permanent action

Wind load Variable action

Temperature action

Impact load of vehicle Accidental action

Raised pavement marker Wheel load of vehicle Variable action

3.5.2 The structural design safety grade of highway safety facilities shall comply with the current GB/T 50283 Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Highway Engineering Structures. The structural design safety grade may be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the location of the traffic safety facilities, but shall not be less than the grade specified in Table 3.5.2.



 

Table 3.5.2 Structural Design Safety Grade of Highway Safety Facilities

Structural design safety grade Facility type

Grade II Barriers, preventing fallen article fence, wind fence and snow fence arranged on grand bridge;

Cantilever type and gantry type traffic signs arranged on expressway and Class I highway

Grade III Other traffic safety facility structures



3.5.3 Permanent actions shall meet the following requirements:



1 The standard value of structure gravity may be determined through calculation according to the design dimensions of structural members and the material weight.



2 The pre-applied force, soil gravity and soil lateral pressure shall be calculated according to the current JTG D60 General Specifications for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts.



3 The design of concrete barrier and steel-concrete composite barrier should take into account the shrinkage and creep of concrete.

3.5.4 Variable actions shall meet the following requirements:



1 The standard value of wind load shall be calculated according to the current JTG D60-01 Wind-resistant Design Specification for Highway Bridges, and the recurrence interval of basic wind pressure shall be 50 years.



2 The standard value of the vehicle wheel load on raised pavement marker shall be 70kN, and the wheel touchdown length×width shall be 0.6m×0.2m.



3 The standard value of temperature action shall be calculated according to the current JTG D60 General Specifications for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts.



4 The standard value of horizontal thrust acting on the top of railing post on sidewalk and bikeway shall be 0.75kN/m, and that of vertical force acting on handrail shall be 1.0kN/m.

3.5.5 Accidental actions shall meet the following requirements:



1 The impact vehicle type, impact speed and angle of impact adopted for the structural design and safety performance evaluation of barriers shall meet the requirements of the current JTG B05-01 Standard for Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Barriers. Where the vehicle composition of a specific road section of highway does not include a certain specified impact vehicle type, the structural design and safety performance evaluation of barriers may not take this vehicle type into account.



2 During the design of bridge barrier specimen, the standard value of lateral impact load of the vehicle born by the specimen shall meet the requirements of Table 3.5.5. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of factors such as highway alignment, roadside hazard degree, operating speed, traffic volume and vehicle composition, where the protection grade of barriers adopted is lower than Grade 1(C), the lateral impact load of vehicle shall be calculated according to Grade 1(C); where the protection grade of barriers adopted is higher than Grade 8(HA), the lateral impact load of vehicle shall be determined according to the actual impact conditions.

Contents
1 General Provisions
2 Terms
3 Overall Design
3.1 General Requirements
3.2 Characteristic Analysis of the Project and Highway Network
3.3 Design Objectives
3.4 Arrangement Scale
3.5 Structural Design Standards
3.6 Design Coordination and Interface Division
4 Traffic Signs
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Arrangement Principles
4.3 Layout Design
4.4 Materials
4.5 Supporting Methods and Structures
5 Traffic Markings
5.1 General Requirements
5.2 Arrangement Principles
6 Barriers and Railings
6.1 General Requirements
6.2 Subgrade Barrier
6.3 Bridge Barriers and Railings
6.4 Moveable Highway Barrier of Median Opening
6.5 Impact Attenuators
7 Visual Guiding Devices
7.1 General Requirements
7.2 Arrangement Principles
8 Fencing
8.1 General Requirements
8.2 Arrangement Principles
9 Preventing Fallen Object Fence
9.1 General Requirements
9.2 Arrangement Principles
10 Anti-glare Facility
10.1 General Requirements
10.2 Arrangement Principles
11 Escape Lane
11.1 General Requirements
11.2 Arrangement Principles
12 Other Traffic Safety Facilities
12.1 Wind Fence
12.2 Snow Fence
12.3 Snow Marker Post
12.4 Height Limit Gantry
12.5 Speed Hump
12.6 Convex Mirror
12.7 Other Facilities
Annex A Calculation Methods for Width of Clear Zone
Explanation of Wording in the Specifications

1 总则
1.0.1 为规范公路交通安全设施的设计，充分发挥交通安全设施的功能，制定本规范。
1.0.2本规范适用于新建和改扩建的各等级公路交通安全设施的设计。
1.0.3公路交通安全设施设计内容包括交通标志、交通标线(含突起路标)、护栏和栏杆、视线诱导设施、隔离栅、防落网、防眩设施、避险车道和其他交通安全设施(含防风栅、防雪栅、积雪标杆、限高架、减速丘和凸面镜)等。
1.0.4公路交通安全设施应结合路网与公路技术条件、地形条件、交通条件、环境条件进行总体设计，交通安全设施之间、交通安全设施与公路土建工程和其他设施之间应互相协调、配合使用。
1.0.5公路交通安全设施设计应坚持以人为本、预防为主、系统设计、重点突出的原则。应在交通安全综合分析的基础上，优先设置主动引导设施，根据需要设置被动防护设施。
1.0.6新建公路交通安全设施设计宜考虑公路运营养护因素的影响。改扩建公路交通安全设施设计应在对既有公路开展调查与综合分析的基础上，结合改扩建后的公路、交通、环境条件进行，对既有设施应合理利用并加以完善。
1.0.7 公路交通安全设施的设计交通量应采用公路项目的设计交通量，所采用的设计车辆外廓尺寸、代表车型等应符合现行《公路工程技术标准》(JTG B01)和《公路护栏安全性能评价标准》(JTG B05—01)的相应规定。
1.0.8在满足安全和使用功能的条件下，应积极推广使用可靠的新技术、新材料、新工艺、新产品。
1.0.9公路交通安全设施设计除应符合本规范的规定外，尚应符合现行国家和行业有关强制性标准的规定。
2 术语
2.0.1净区clear zone
公路车行道以外，无障碍物、车辆驶出车行道后可以停车或驶回公路的带状区域。
2.0.2护栏标准段standard sections of highway barriers
断面结构形式保持不变并在一定长度范围内连续设置的公路护栏结构段。
2.0.3护栏过渡段transition sections of highway barriers
设置于两种不同结构形式或不同防护等级的公路护栏之间、连接平顺、结构刚度平稳过渡的公路护栏结构段。
2.0.4路侧护栏roadside barrier
设置于公路路侧建筑限界以外的护栏。
2.0.5 中央分隔带护栏median barrier
设置于公路中央分隔带内的护栏。
2.0.6 中央分隔带开口护栏moveable highway barrier of median opening
设置于公路中央分隔带开口处、具有开启功能的公路护栏结构段。
2.0.7刚性护栏rigid barrier
车辆碰撞后基本不变形的护栏。混凝土护栏是主要代表形式，车辆碰撞时通过爬高并转向来吸收碰撞能量。
2.0.8半刚性护栏semi-rigid barrier
车辆碰撞后有一定的变形，又具有一定强度和刚度的护栏。波形梁护栏是主要代表形式，车辆碰撞时利用土基、立柱、波纹状钢板的变形来吸收碰撞能量。
2.0.9柔性护栏flexible barrier
具有较大缓冲能力的韧性护栏结构。缆索护栏是主要代表形式，车辆碰撞时依靠缆索的拉应力来吸收碰撞能量。
2.0.10缓冲设施impact attenuator
设置于公路互通式立体交叉、服务区、停车区出口处的分流鼻端、收费岛头，或者护栏端部等，可以减缓冲击、降低碰撞车辆和车内人员伤害的设施，主要形式有防撞端头、防撞垫等。
2.0.11防撞端头crashworthy terminal
设置于护栏的迎车流方向起点，和护栏连接在一起，对碰撞车辆起阻挡、缓冲和导向作用的设施。
2.0.12 防撞垫 crash cushion
设置于公路交通分流处的障碍物或其他位置的障碍物前端的一种缓冲设施，车辆碰撞时通过自体变形吸收碰撞能量，从而降低乘员的伤害程度。防撞垫可分为可导向防撞垫和非导向防撞垫。
2.0.13 隔离设施traffic separation facilities
分隔双向或同向交通、机动车和非机动车、车辆和行人等的设施。
2.0.14视线诱导设施visual guiding devices
指示公路线形轮廓及行车方向的设施，主要包括轮廓标、合流诱导标，线形诱导标、隧道轮廓带、示警桩、示警墩、道口标柱等。
2.0.15 隔离栅fencing
设置于公路沿线两侧，阻止人、动物进入公路或沿线其他禁入区域，防止非法侵占公路用地的设施。
2.0.16防落网preventing fallen object fence
设置于公路桥梁两侧防止抛扔的物品、杂物或运输散落物进入桥梁下铁路、通航河流或交通量较大的公路的设施，称为防落物网。
设置于公路路堑边坡防止落石进人公路建筑限界内的柔性防护设施，称为防落石网。
防落物网和防落石网统称为防落网。
2.0.17 防眩设施anti-glare facility
防止夜间行车受对向车辆前照灯炫目影响的设施。
2.0.18防风栅wind fence
设置在公路上风侧或公路两侧，减轻强风对公路行驶车辆影响的设施。
2.0.19 防雪栅 snow fence
设置在公路上风侧或公路两侧，减轻风吹雪对公路影响的设施。
2.0.20 积雪标杆 snow marker post
在可能严重积雪的路段，设置于公路两侧指示公路路面边缘的设施。
2.0.21减速丘speed hump
设置于车行道或延展到整个公路路面宽度的弧形凸起区域，配合相应的交通标志和标线，起到提醒驾驶人控制车速的作用。
3 总体设计
3.1一般规定
3.1.1 公路交通安全设施必须与公路土建工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入生产和使用。
3.1.2公路交通安全设施应进行总体设计。
3.1.3公路交通安全设施的总体设计应在充分收集项目及所在路网规划、技术规定、设计图纸和交通安全评价结论，以及现场调研的基础上进行。
3.1.4公路交通安全设施的总体设计应包括项目和路网特征分析、设计目标、设置规模、结构设计标准、设计协调与界面划分等内容。
3.1.5除本规范第3.1.4条的规定外，公路改扩建交通安全设施的总体设计还应根据既有公路调查与综合分析的结论，包括既有设施的再利用方案和临时交通安全设施的设计方案等。
3.2项目和路网特征分析
3.2.1 与项目相关资料的分析应包括下列内容：
1项目在路网中的功能和定位；
2项目的直接和间接服务范围；
3项目沿线交通枢纽、旅游景区、饮用水源地保护区等重要设施的分布；
4项目的技术标准、地形条件、交通条件和环境条件。
3.2.2项目与所在路网之间关系的分析应包括下列内容：
1 起、终点里程传递的桩号信息；
2重合路段的起终点信息；
3穿城路段的起终点信息；
4构成多路径的路线信息；
5 相关路线的命名和编号信息；
6被交公路、铁路和航道的相关信息。
3.2.3从公路使用者的角度对项目进行的交通安全综合分析应包括下列内容：
1 公路运行中可能存在的安全风险和隐患路段(点)；
2交通安全设施的安全设计重点。
3.3设计目标
3.3.1应结合项目和路网特征分析结果，从服务、安全、管理、环境、成本等方面提出交通安全设施的设计目标。
3.3.2公路改扩建项目应提出既有交通安全设施再利用、临时交通安全设施设置的设计目标。
3.4设置规模
3.4.1公路交通安全设施的设置规模，应根据确定的设计目标，综合考虑所在路网规划、公路功能、技术等级、交通量、车型组成和环境等因素合理确定。
3.4.2主要干线公路应根据本规范的规定设置系统、完善的交通标志、标线、视线诱导设施、隔离栅、必需的防落网和防眩设施；桥梁与高路堤路段必须设置路侧护栏；整体式断面中间带宽度小于或等于12m时，必须连续设置中央分隔带护栏；不同形式的护栏连接时，应进行过渡设计；中央分隔带开口处必须设置开口护栏；出口分流三角端应设置防撞垫。
3.4.3次要干线公路应根据本规范的规定设置完善的交通标志、标线、视线诱导设施及必需的隔离栅、防落网；桥梁与高路堤路段必须设置路侧护栏；一级公路整体式断面中间带宽度小于或等于12m时，必须连续设置中央分隔带护栏；不同形式的护栏连接时，应进行过渡设计；高速公路中央分隔带开口处必须设置开口护栏；一级公路应根据需要设置防眩设施。
3.4.4主要集散公路应根据本规范的规定设置较完善的交通标志、标线及必需的视线诱导设施、隔离栅；桥梁与高路堤路段必须设置路侧护栏；一级公路整体式断面中间带应设置保障行车安全的隔离设施。
3.4.5 次要集散公路应根据本规范的规定设置较完善的交通标志、标线及必需的视线诱导设施；桥梁与高路堤路段应设置路侧护栏。
3.4.6支线公路应根据本规范的规定设置交通标志，在视距不良、急弯、陡坡等路段应设置交通标线及必需的视线诱导设施；路侧有不满足计算净区宽度要求的悬崖、深谷、深沟、江河湖海等路段应设置路侧护栏。
3.4.7公路连续长、陡下坡路段，应根据本规范的规定并结合交通安全综合分析的结果论证是否设置避险车道。设置避险车道时，应设置配套的交通标志、标线及隔离、防护、缓冲等设施。
3.4.8风、雪等危及公路行车安全的路段，应根据本规范的规定设置防风栅、防雪栅、积雪标杆等交通安全设施；根据运营管理和交通管理需求，可根据本规范的规定设置限高架、减速丘、凸面镜等交通安全设施。
3.5结构设计标准
3.5.1公路交通安全设施结构设计采用的作用应符合表3.5.1的规定。除桥梁护栏所承受的汽车碰撞荷载外，其他作用的标准值、代表值和组合效应设计值应参照现行《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTG D60)的规定计算。当结构中出现其他不可忽略的作用时，其标准值、代表值和组合效应设计值的计算应符合相关规范的规定。
表3.5.1公路交通安全设施结构设计采用的作用
设施类型 作用名称 作用分类
护栏 结构重力(包括结构附加重力) 永久作用
土的重力(路基护栏)
土侧压力(路基护栏)
预加力(缆索护栏)
风荷载 可变作用
人行道或自行车道栏杆荷载
汽车碰撞荷载 偶然作用
交通标志、防落物网、
隔离栅、防眩设施、 防风栅、防雪栅、
警示限高架 结构重力(包括结构附加重力) 永久作用
土的重力(设置于土基处)
土侧压力(设置于土基处)
风荷载 可变作用
温度作用
防撞限高架 结构重力(包括结构附加重力) 永久作用
土的重力(设置于土基处)

续表3.5.1
设施类型 作用名称 作用分类
防撞限高架 土侧压力(设置于土基处) 永久作用
风荷载 可变作用
温度作用
汽车碰撞荷载 偶然作用
突起路标 汽车轮载 可变作用

3.5.2公路交通安全设施的结构设计安全等级应符合现行《公路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准》(GB/T 50283)的规定。根据交通安全设施所处位置的具体情况，可调整结构设计安全等级，但不得低于表3.5.2规定的等级。
表3.5.2公路交通安全设施的结构设计安全等级
结构设计安全等级 设施类型
二级 特大桥上设置的护栏、防落物网、防风栅、防雪栅；
位于高速公路、一级公路上的悬臂式、门架式交通标志
三级 其他交通安全设施结构

3.5.3永久作用应符合下列规定：
1 结构重力的标准值可按结构构件的设计尺寸与材料的重度计算确定。
2预加力、土的重力和土侧压力应根据现行《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTC D60)的规定计算。
3 混凝土护栏和钢—混凝土组合式护栏设计宜考虑混凝土的收缩及徐变作用。
3.5.4可变作用应符合下列规定：
1 风荷载标准值应根据现行《公路桥梁抗风设计规范》(JTG/T D60-01)的规定计算，基本风压重现期应采用50年。
2突起路标的汽车轮载标准值应采用70kN，车轮着地长度及宽度为0.6m×0.2m。
3 温度作用标准值应根据现行《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTG D60)的规定计算。
4作用在人行道或自行车道栏杆立柱顶上的水平推力标准值应采用0.75kN/m，作用在栏杆扶手上的竖向力标准值应采用1.0kN/m。
3.5.5偶然作用应符合下列规定：
1 护栏结构设计和安全性能评价采用的碰撞车型、碰撞速度和碰撞角度应满足现行《公路护栏安全性能评价标准》(JTC B05-01)的规定。当公路具体路段的车辆构成不包括规定的某种碰撞车型时，护栏结构设计和安全性能评价可不考虑该车型。
2设计桥梁护栏试件时，其所承受的汽车横向碰撞荷载标准值应符合表3.5.5的规定。在综合分析公路线形、路侧危险度、运行速度、交通量和车辆构成等因素的基础上，采用的护栏防护等级低于一(C)级时，汽车横向碰撞荷载应按一(C)级计算；采用的护栏防护等级高于八(HA)级时，汽车横向碰撞荷载应根据实际的碰撞条件确定。
表3.5.5桥梁护栏的汽车横向碰撞荷载标准值
防护等级 代 码 标准值(kN) 分布长度
D=0m D=0.3～0.6m (m)
一 C 70 55～45 1.2
二 B 95 75～60 1.2
三 A 170 140～120 1.2
四 SB 350 285～240 2.4
五 SA 410 345～295 2.4
六 SS 520 435～375 2.4
七 HB 650 550～500 2.4
八 HA 720 620～550 2.4

注：D为桥梁护栏的最大横向动态变形值。
3 防撞限高架的汽车碰撞荷载可按式(3.5.5)计算，作用方向与行车方向一致，作用点位于横梁几何中心。
(3.5.5)
式中：F′——限高架的汽车碰撞荷载(kN)；
m——设计车辆总质量(t)，应结合设置路段交通流实际调查结果确定；
v0——碰撞前车辆运行速度(m/s)，应结合设置路段交通流实际调查结果确定；
vt——碰撞后车辆运行速度(m/s)，应满足紧急制动情况下车辆在限高桥梁或隧道之前停车的要求；
T——车辆碰撞限高架的时间(s)，可在0.1～1 s范围内取值，柔性限高架取值1 s，刚性限高架取值0.1 s。
3.5.6公路交通安全设施结构设计应根据使用过程中可能同时出现的作用，按承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态分别进行作用组合，并应取各自的最不利组合进行设计。公路交通安全设施结构设计应同时满足构造和工艺方面的要求。
3.6设计协调与界面划分
3.6.1 公路交通安全设施应加强与公路土建工程和服务设施、管理设施之间的协调，从运行安全的角度优化土建工程和服务设施、管理设施的设置，避免缺项、漏项和出现安全隐患。公路交通安全设施的总体设计应符合公路总体设计的要求。
3.6.2对影响公路土建工程和服务设施、管理设施设计方案的交通安全设施，应根据设计工序的要求，由交通安全设施设计单位提出相关设计标准、方案或要求。
3.6.3在交通安全设施平面布设图上，应标示出沿线公路监控外场设备、照明灯柱等管理设施和服务设施等的设置位置。各类设施相互遮挡时，应予以调整，或同杆设置。
3.6.4应根据现行《公路交通工程及沿线设施设计通用规范》(JTG D80)的规定，明确交通安全设施与公路土建工程和服务设施、管理设施之间的设计界面。
4 交通标志
4.1一般规定
4.1.1交通标志的分类、颜色、形状、线条、字符、图形、尺寸和设置等，应符合现行《道路交通标志和标线》(GB 5768)的规定。
4.1.2交通标志所提供的信息应全部与交通安全、服务和管理需求有关，交通标志版面及支撑结构不应附带商业广告和其他无关的信息。
4.1.3交通标志的设计应从便于驾驶人清晰辨识、正确理解、快速反应的角度出发，综合考虑公路功能、技术等级、路网布局、交通条件、环境条件、公路使用者及交通管理需求等因素，合理选择设置参数，科学确定设置方案。
4.1.4交通标志的设计应考虑路网、路线和路段不同层面的信息需求，采用总体布局、逐层推进、重点设置的方法。
4.1.5交通标志设计应包括下列内容：
1 交通标志的设置位置、种类、信息内容；
2版面设计；
3支撑方式；
4标志板、支撑结构、连接件、基础的材料选取及设计；
5强度、稳定性验算；
6施工工艺要求等。
4.1.6交通标志设计文件的编制应符合下列规定：
1 交通标志设计文件中应包含路网关系图和交通标志平面布设图。
2路网关系图中应能清晰表达出所在区域周边道路名称及编号。
3 平面交叉交通标志和标线应在同一布设图中进行标示。
4 静态标志和可变信息标志应在同一平面布设图上进行标示。
5 结构设计应提供结构分组类别和计算书。
4.2设置原则
4.2.1公路交通标志应以不熟悉周围路网体系但对出行路线有所规划的公路使用者为设计对象，为其提供清晰、明确、简洁的信息。
4.2.2 交通标志应针对具体路段情况，在交通安全综合分析的基础上进行系统布局和综合设置，与路段的实际交通运行状况相匹配。同一位置的交通标志数量不宜过多，交通标志之间不得相互矛盾。
4.2.3警告标志应设置在公路本身及沿线环境存在影响行车安全且不易被发现的危险地点，并应在充分论证的基础上设置，不得过量使用。
4.2.4禁令标志应设置在需要明确禁止或限制车辆、行人交通行为的路段起点附近醒目的位置。其中限制速度标志应综合考虑公路功能、技术等级、路侧开发程度、路线几何特征、运行速度、交通运行、交通事故和环境等因素，在交通安全综合分析的基础上，确定是否设置以及限速值和限速标志的形式，经主管部门认可后实施设置。
4.2.5 指示标志应根据交通流组织和交通管理的需要，在驾驶人、行人容易产生迷惑处或必须遵守行驶规定处设置。
4.2.6指路标志应根据路网一体化的原则进行整体布局，做到信息关联有序，不得出现信息不足、不当或过载的现象。应根据公路功能、交通流向和沿线城镇分布等情况，依距离、人口和社会经济发展程度，优先选取交通需求较大的信息指示。
4.2.7旅游区标志设置时应根据旅游景区的级别、路网情况等合理确定指引范围。当旅游区标志与其他交通标志冲突时，其他交通标志具有优先设置权限。
4.2.8告示标志的设置，不得影响警告、禁令、指示和指路标志的设置和视认。
4.2.9公路平面交叉处的交通标志应在综合考虑平面交叉的交通管理方式、物理形式、相交公路技术等级、交通流向等因素的基础上，遵循路权清晰、渠化合理、导向明确、安全有序的原则，合理确定不同交通标志综合设置方案，并与交通标线相互配合，引导车辆有序通过。
4.2.10 除特殊情况外，交通标志应设置在公路前进方向的车行道上方或右侧，其他位置的交通标志应仅视为正常位置的补充。交通标志设置具体位置应符合现行《道路交通标志和标线》(GB 5768)的规定，对于单向车道数大于或等于三条、交通量较大、大型车辆较多、视认条件不良等设置条件，应根据交通工程原理对交通标志的具体设置位置进行计算论证。
4.3版面设计
4.3.1交通标志版面应清晰易懂、简洁美观、导向明确、不存歧义，不得误导方向。图形、文字、箭头、符号、图形及边框等设计要素布局时，应符合下列规定：
1 应正确处理颜色、文字、箭头、符号、图形及边框的关系，使版面清晰、美观。
2注意字距和行距的协调，汉字的字间距应明显小于行间距。
3 一个地名或专用词组不应写成两行或两列。
4.3.2 交通标志文字应采用汉字，根据需要可与外文、少数民族等其他文字并用，文字种类最多不宜超过两种，汉字应排在其他文字上方，少数民族地区可根据相关规定调整文字位置。
4.3.3交通标志文字字符应规范、正确、工整，采用交通标志专用字体，汉字字高和字宽等高。非特殊情况，汉字或字母不得拉伸、压缩、翘曲或以其他方式调整。交通标志文字横写时应由左至右书写。
4.3.4 当采用现行《道路交通标志和标线》(GB 5768)规定以外的图形或标志时，除应符合现行《道路交通标志和标线》(GB 5768)中的建议程序规定外，还应满足下列要求：
1标志内容宜采用图形方式，并应辅以文字说明。
2文字类禁令标志应为白底、红圈、红杠、黑文字，形状为圆形或矩形。
3 文字类警告标志应为黄底、黑边、黑文字，形状为三角形或矩形。
4旅游区指引标志中采用代表景点特征的平面图形时，应为棕底白图形，可进行特色化设计。
4.3.5根据实际需要交通标志可嵌套使用，同一版面中嵌套的禁令或指示标志的数量不宜多于4种；高速公路、隧道、特大桥路段的入口处，同一版面中的禁令或指示标志的数量不应多于6种。
4.3.6交通标志的尺寸和文字高度应符合现行《道路交通标志和标线》(GB 5768)的规定，除特殊规定外，根据设计速度确定；当路段运行速度与设计速度之差大于20km/h时，宜按运行速度对版面规格和视认性加以检验。特殊情况下，经论证标志尺寸和文字大小可适当增加或减小。
4.3.7几个独立的交通标志必要时组成一组，设置于同一支撑结构上，宜采用相同的版面形式、布局、板面高度或长度。
4.4 材料
4.4.1 交通标志材料应具有足够的强度、耐久性和抗腐蚀能力，并应因地制宜地采用适用、经济、轻型、环保的材料和结构，适当兼顾美观性。
4.4.2交通标志板面应采用逆反射材料或安装照明设施，受线形、视觉环境、日照、气象条件等因素影响的路段，可安装照明设施或采用主动发光等手段提高视认性，但不得产生照度不均、眩光、跳闪等现象，不得影响昼夜条件下标志形状、颜色及视认和理解的一致性。
4.4.3用于交通标志的反光膜逆反射性能应符合现行《道路交通反光膜》(GB/T 18833)的规定，选择反光膜等级时应遵循下列原则：
1 背景环境影响大、行驶速度快、交通量大的公路宜采用等级高的反光膜。
2交通量小的公路，根据实际情况可选用较其他公路等级低的反光膜。
3 交通复杂、多车道、横断面变化、视距不良、观察角过大等特殊路段的禁令、警告标志，宜采用比同一条公路其他交通标志等级高的反光膜。
4 门架式、悬臂式等悬空类交通标志，宜采用比路侧交通标志等级高的反光膜。
5受雨、雾等不良天气影响路段的交通标志，宜采用等级高的反光膜。
4.4.4在下列情况下设置的禁令、指示、警告标志，宜采用V类反光膜：
1 高速公路、一级公路主线小半径曲线及立体交叉小半径匝道路段；
2交通较为复杂、视距不良、观察角过大的平面交叉或路段；
3 单向有三条或三条以上车道时；
4公路横断面发生变化时；
5大型车辆所占比例很大时。
4.4.5可变信息标志应根据标志的类型、显示内容、控制方式、环保节能、经济性等要求，选择显示方式及材料。
4.5支撑方式和结构
4.5.1交通标志的支撑方式应根据设置位置的交通量、车型构成、车道数、构造物分布、路侧条件及承受的风荷载大小等因素综合确定。
4.5.2 当符合下列条件时，交通标志应采用悬臂式或门架式等悬空支撑方式：
1 路侧交通标志视认受到遮挡或影响；
2路侧交通标志影响视距或交通安全；
3路侧空间受限，无法安装柱式交通标志；
4单向有三条或三条以上车道；
5 交通量达到或接近设计通行能力，或大型车辆所占比例很大；
6 枢纽型互通式立体交叉、形式复杂或出口间距较近的互通式立体交叉的出口指引标志；
7 互通式立体交叉出口匝道为多车道，或左向出口；
8 平面交叉预告和告知标志；
9车道变换频繁的路段；
10交通标志设置较为密集的路段；
11位于城市区域的高速公路路段。
4.5.3交通标志结构所承受的作用代表值、作用效应组合和结构设计方法应符合本规范第3.5节的规定，桥梁或特殊构造物上交通标志的支撑方式和结构设计应考虑对桥梁或特殊构造物荷载的影响。
4.5.4悬臂式及门架式标志的横梁应设置向上的预拱度，其数值不应小于永久作用下结构材料产生的挠度值。
5 交通标线
5.1 一般规定
5.1.1交通标线的分类、颜色、形状、字符、图形、尺寸，应符合现行《道路交通标志和标线》(GB 5768)和《公路交通标志和标线设置规范》(JTG D82)的规定。公路交通标线颜色的色度性能应符合现行《道路交通标线质量要求和检测方法》(GB/T 16311)的规定。
5.1.2公路交通标线的设置应满足下列要求：
1 交通标线的设置应与交通组织及交通运行情况相匹配。
2交通标线应与公路几何设计相协调。
3 交通标线应与交通标志等其他设施配合使用。
5.1.3交通标线应按下列关键路径进行设计：
1 公路技术条件分析，包括技术等级、车道数、设计速度、断面变化、路线交叉等。
2确定标线的设置标准与规模，包括根据需要设置的彩色防滑标线等。
3一般路段交通标线设计，包括纵向标线、横向标线、其他标线等。
4特殊路段交通标线设计，如隧道出入口路段等；特殊路段应作为一个独立的设计单元，并考虑交通标志、标线和护栏等设施的综合设置。
5 复杂区域交通标线设计，如路线交叉、收费广场等。
5.1.4交通标线应采用反光标线，在交通标线正常使用年限内，交通标线的逆反射亮度系数应满足夜间视认性要求。突起路标与标线涂料配合使用时，应选用定向反光型，其颜色应与标线颜色一致。设置于对向车行道分界线、隧道内的突起路标，应采用双向反光型。
5.2 设置原则
5.2.1一般路段的交通标线设计应符合下列规定：
1 高速公路和一级公路的一般路段应设置车行道边缘线、同向车行道分界线；二级及二级以下公路，除单车道外，应设置对向车行道分界线；二级及二级以下公路的下列路段应设置车行道边缘线：
1)公路的窄桥及其上下游路段；
2)采用最低公路设计指标的曲线段及其上下游路段；
3)交通流发生合流或分流的路段；
4)路面宽度发生变化的路段；
5)路侧障碍物距车行道较近的路段；
6)经常出现大雾等影响安全行车天气的路段；
7)非机动车或行人较多的机非混行路段。
2二级公路设置慢车道时，应设置对向车行道分界线、同向车行道分界线和车行道边缘线。
3 车行道边缘线应设置于公路两侧紧靠车行道的硬路肩内，未设置硬路肩的公路车行道边缘线应设置于公路两侧紧靠车行道的外边缘处。同向车行道分界线应设置于同向行驶的车行道分界处。
5.2.2特殊路段的交通标线设计应符合下列规定：
1 经常出现强侧向风的桥梁路段、隧道出入口路段、急弯陡坡路段、平面交叉驶入路段、接近人行横道线的路段，应设置禁止跨越同向车行道分界线。
2隧道出入口路段宜作为独立的设计单元，交通标线的设计应与交通标志、护栏、视线诱导等设施统筹考虑，综合设置。
3 当公路中心或车行道中有上跨桥梁的桥墩、中央分隔带端头、标志杆柱及其他可能对行车安全构成威胁的障碍物时，应设置接近障碍物标线。
4在靠近公路建筑限界范围的跨线桥、渡槽等的墩柱立面、隧道洞口侧墙端面及其他障碍物立面上，中央分隔墩、收费岛、实体安全岛或导流岛、灯座、标志基座及其他可能对行车安全构成威胁的立体实物表面上，应设置立面标记或实体标记。
5学校、幼儿园、医院、养老院门前的公路没有行人过街设施的，宜施画人行横道线。
6在公路宽度或车行道数量发生变化的路段应设置过渡标线。
7需要车辆减速的路段可设置纵向或横向减速标线。
8 设置减速丘的路段，应在减速丘前设置减速丘标线。
9 穿城公路交通标线的设置除应满足本规范的要求外，尚应考虑城市道路交通标线的设置要求。
5.2.3互通式立体交叉、服务区、停车区出入口交通标线的设计应符合下列规定：
1 互通式立体交叉、服务区、停车区出入口交通标线应准确反映交通流组织的原则，公路出入口路段(加减速车道)适当位置宜设置禁止跨越同向车行道分界线。
2互通式立体交叉、服务区、停车区出入口处，应设置导向箭头，箭头的规格、重复次数应符合现行《道路交通标志和标线》(GB 5768)的规定。出口导向箭头应以减速车道渐变点为基准点，入口导向箭头应以加速车道起点为基准点。
3服务区、停车区场区范围内，应根据场区交通组织设计及功能规划，分别设置停车位标线、车行道分界线、导向箭头等交通标线。
5.2.4平面交叉渠化标线的设计应符合下列规定：
1 三级及三级以上公路之间形成的平面交叉应进行渠化设计，并设置渠化标线，有条件时宜设置渠化岛，路缘石高度不宜超过10cm；其他公路形成的平面交叉应设置与停车或减速让行标志配合使用的让行线。
2平面交叉渠化标线应结合平面交叉实际情况和交通流实际特点进行设计。
5.2.5 收费广场交通标线的设计应符合下列规定：
1进入收费广场应设置减速标线，各条减速标线的设置间距应根据驶入速度、广场长度经计算确定。收费岛迎车流方向应设置收费岛地面标线，收费岛上应设置实体标记。收费广场出口端可设置部分同向车行道分界线。
2设置ETC车道的收费广场，应在ETC车道内设置ETC车道路面文字和标记，并配合设置有关指示和禁令标志。
3 单向收费车道数大于5条的收费广场宜在交通组织分析的基础上单独设计。
5.2.6突起路标的设置宜符合下列规定：
1 下列情况下，宜在路面标线的一侧设置突起路标，并不得侵入车行道内：
1)高速公路的车行道边缘线上；
2)一级及一级以下公路隧道的车行道边缘线上；
3)一级公路互通式立体交叉、服务区、停车区路段的车行道边缘线上；
4)互通式立体交叉匝道出入口路段。
2 隧道的车行道分界线上宜设置突起路标。
6护栏和栏杆
6.1 一般规定
6.1.1公路路侧或中央分隔带应通过保障合理的净区宽度来降低车辆驶出路外或驶入对向车行道事故的严重程度。净区宽度计算方法应符合本规范附录A的规定。计算净区宽度得不到满足时，应按护栏设置原则进行安全处理。
6.1.2护栏设计应体现宽容设计、适度防护的理念。
6.1.3护栏标准段、护栏过渡段、中央分隔带开口护栏、防撞端头及防撞垫的防护等级及性能，应满足现行《公路护栏安全性能评价标准》(JTG B05-01)的规定。需要采用其他防护等级或碰撞条件时，应进行特殊设计，并经实车碰撞试验。
6.1.4护栏的任何部分不得侵入公路建筑限界。
6.1.5 路侧护栏宜位于公路土路肩内。应根据路侧护栏和缓冲设施需要的宽度加宽路基或采取其他措施。
6.1.6 中央分隔带护栏应与中央分隔带内的构造物、地下管线相协调。
6.1.7 路侧、中央分隔带内土基压实度不能满足护栏设置条件时(一般不宜小于90％)，或路侧护栏立柱外侧土路肩保护层宽度小于规定宽度时，应采取加强措施。
6.2路基护栏
6.2.1 公路实际净区宽度与计算净区宽度不同时，应在交通安全综合分析的基础上，根据本节的规定，按照驶出路外或驶入对向车行道事故的风险确定是否设置护栏。
6.2.2驶出路外或驶入对向车行道事故的风险应综合考虑驶出路外或驶入对向车行道的可能性以及事故严重程度等因素，并符合下列规定：
1 驶出路外或驶入对向车行道的可能性应根据所在路段的路线线形、交通量、交通组成以及环境条件等因素确定。
2事故严重程度和运行速度、路侧条件有关，可分成低、中、高三个等级。
6.2.3路侧计算净区宽度范围内有高速铁路、高速公路、高压输电线塔、危险品储藏仓库等设施时，事故严重程度等级为高，必须设置护栏。
6.2.4路侧计算净区宽度范围内有下列情况时，事故严重程度等级为中，应设置护栏：
1 二级及二级以上公路边坡坡度和路堤高度在图6.2.4的I区、Ⅱ区阴影范围之内的路段，三级、四级公路路侧有深度30m以上的悬崖、深谷、深沟等的路段；

路堤高度
边坡坡度
图6.2.4边坡坡度、路堤高度与设置护栏的关系
2有江、河、湖、海、沼泽等水深1.5m以上水域的路段；
3有I级铁路、一级公路等；
4高速公路、一级公路路外设有车辆不能安全越过的照明灯、摄像机、交通标志、声屏障、上跨桥梁的桥墩或桥台、隧道入口处的检修道或洞门等设施的路段。
6.2.5路侧计算净区宽度范围内有下列情况时，事故严重程度等级为低，宜设置护栏：
1 二级及二级以上公路边坡坡度和路堤高度在图6.2.4的Ⅲ区阴影范围之内的路段，三级、四级公路边坡坡度和路堤高度在图6.2.4的I区阴影范围之内的路段；
2 二级及二级以上公路路侧边沟无盖板、车辆无法安全越过的挖方路段；
3 高出路面或开挖的边坡坡面有30cm以上的混凝土砌体或大孤石等障碍物；
4 出口匝道的三角地带有障碍物。
6.2.6 高速公路和作为干线的一级公路，整体式断面中间带宽度小于或等于12m，或者12m宽度范围内有障碍物时，必须设置中央分隔带护栏。中央分隔带事故严重程度可根据下列条件确定：
1 中央分隔带宽度小于2.5m且采用整体式护栏形式时，事故严重程度等级为高。
2符合下列条件时，事故严重程度等级为中：
1)对双向6车道高速公路，或未设置左侧硬路肩的双向8车道及以上高速公路，中央分隔带宽度小于2.5m并采用分设式护栏形式，同时中央分隔带内设有车辆不能安全穿越的障碍物的路段。
2)对双向6车道及以上一级公路，中央分隔带宽度小于2.5m并采用分设式护栏形式，同时中央分隔带内设有车辆不能安全穿越的障碍物的路段。
3不符合本条第1、2款规定的条件时，事故严重程度为低。
6.2.7 作为集散的一级公路，整体式断面中间带应设置保障行车安全的隔离设施。根据交通安全综合分析结果，可考虑是否设置中央分隔带护栏，事故严重程度等级可参考本规范第6.2.6条的规定选取。
6.2.8 高速公路和一级公路采用分离式断面时，行车方向左侧应按路侧护栏设置。
6.2.9一级公路平面交叉两端设置中央分隔带护栏和绿化设施时，不得影响通视三角区停车视距。
6.2.10设置路基护栏的防护等级应符合表6.2.10的规定。