标准编号:	GB 55005-2021
中文名称:	木结构通用规范
英文名称:	General code for timber structures
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
发布机构:	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部 国家市场监督管理总局
发布日期:	2021-04-12
实施日期:	2022-1-1
标准状态:	valid
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	48000 字
翻译价格(元):	2000.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. In order to adapt to the general rules of international technical regulations and technical standards, since 2016, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has successively issued documents such as Opinions on Furthering the Reform of Standardization of Engineering Construction, which put forward the long-term goal for the government to develop mandatory standards and for social organizations to develop voluntary standards and define the reform task of gradually replacing the mandatory provisions scattered in current standards with full-text mandatory engineering construction codes, gradually forming a "technical regulations" system composed of technical provisions in laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules and full-text mandatory engineering construction codes. About the types of codes. The mandatory engineering construction code system covers all kinds of construction projects in the field of engineering construction, namely, engineering project codes (hereinafter referred to as project codes) and general technical codes (hereinafter referred to as general codes). A project code takes the whole engineering construction project as the object, with five major factors, namely, project scale, layout, function, performance and key technical measures, as the main content. A general code takes the general technology of each discipline to meet the function and performance requirements of the engineering construction project as the object, with the general technical requirements such as survey, design, construction, repair and maintenance as the main content. In the full-text mandatory engineering construction code system, the project codes are the core, while the general codes specify the common and general professional key technical measures for all kinds of projects. About the five major factor indicators. The factors in the mandatory engineering construction codes are the basic provisions to ensure the systematization and efficiency improvement of urban and rural infrastructure construction, and the basic requirements to support the high-quality development of urban and rural construction. The scale requirements for a project mainly stipulate that a construction project shall have complete production or service capacity and shall adapt to the level of economic and social development. The layout requirements for the project mainly stipulate the industrial layout, site selection, overall design, general layout and integrated technical requirements coordinated with the scale for the construction project. Reasonable distribution of supply capacity shall be considered to improve the overall level of related facilities construction. The function requirements of the project mainly stipulate the composition and purpose of the project and clarify the basic components of the project, which are the guarantee for the project to play its expected role. The performance requirements of the project mainly stipulate the construction level or technical level of the construction project, reflect the applicability of the construction project, and define the basic levels that the project shall achieve in the aspects of quality, safety, energy conservation, environmental protection, livable environment and sustainable development. Key technical measures are the basic technical regulations for realizing the function and performance requirements of a construction project, and they are the basic guarantee for achieving the development goals of urban and rural construction such as safety, green, resilience, wisdom, livability, fairness and efficiency. About the implementation of codes. Mandatory engineering construction codes have mandatory binding force, which specify the control requirements and bottom lines for ensuring people's life and property safety, personal health, engineering safety, ecological environment safety, public rights and interests as well as promoting energy and resource conservation and meeting economic and social management, and they must be strictly implemented in the whole process of construction activities such as survey, design, construction, acceptance, repair, maintenance and demolition of engineering construction projects. For existing building renovation projects (where existing use functions are not changed), the stringency of the code implemented shall not be inferior to that implemented in construction if the conditions are not available and it is really difficult to implement the current codes. The voluntary engineering construction standards matching with the mandatory engineering construction codes are mature technical measures that have been tested by practice and guarantee to meet the requirements of the mandatory codes, and they shall also be implemented under normal circumstances. On the premise of meeting the project function and performance requirements and key technical measures stipulated in mandatory engineering construction codes, relevant group standards and enterprise standards may be reasonably selected to optimize the project function and performance or improve their levels. Voluntary engineering construction standards, group standards and enterprise standards shall be coordinated and match with mandatory engineering construction codes, and all technical requirements shall not be lower than the relevant technical levels of mandatory engineering construction codes. After the implementation of a mandatory engineering construction code, the mandatory provisions in the current national standards and professional standards for relevant engineering construction shall be abolished at the same time. The mandatory provisions in the current provincial standards for engineering construction shall be revised in time, and shall not be less stringent than the provisions of the mandatory engineering construction codes. If the relevant provisions in current engineering construction standards (including mandatory and voluntary ones), are inconsistent with those of the mandatory engineering construction codes, the provisions of the mandatory engineering construction codes shall prevail.   Contents 1 General provisions 1 2 Basic requirements 2 3 Materials 4 4 Design 6 4.1 Structural systems 6 4.2 Design of members 7 4.3 Design of connections 8 4.4 Seismic and wind-resistant design 9 5 Protection and fire protection 11 5.1 Waterproof and moisture-proof measures 11 5.2 Termite protection 11 5.3 Decay/corrosion prevention 13 5.4 Fire protection 14 6 Construction and acceptance 15 7 Maintenance and demolition 17 1 General provisions 1.0.1 This code is formulated to ensure the quality and safety of timber structure engineering, implement the policies of resource conservation and environmental protection, ensure the safety of people's lives and property and personal health, and improve the sustainable development level of timber structure engineering. 1.0.2 For timber structure engineering, this code must be implemented. 1.0.3 Whether the technical methods and measures adopted in the engineering construction meet the requirements of this code shall be judged by the relevant responsibility subjects. Innovative technical methods and measures shall be demonstrated and meet the performance requirements in this code.   2 Basic requirements 2.0.1 The safety level of any timber structure and its members shall be at least of Level 3. Where the safety levels of the structure members and components are inconsistent with that of the structure, they shall be clearly indicated in the design documents. 2.0.2 The design service life of a timber structure shall meet the following requirements: 1 It shall not be less than 50 years for the timber structure of a building or structure; 2 It shall not be less than 30 years for the timber structure of a bridge; 3 It shall not be less than 25 years for structure members and components that are easy to replace; 4 If the design service life of members and components of a timber structure is less than that of the structure, it shall be clearly indicated in the design documents, and the connection structures that are easy to replace shall be used. 2.0.3 The performance of a timber structure within its design service life shall meet the following requirements: 1 The structure shall be able to withstand various actions that may occur in normal construction and normal use; 2 The structure shall be able to meet the requirements for the intended use of the structure and its structure members; 3 The durability of the material shall allow the structure to resist the long-term damage from both itself and natural environment; 4 In the case of a fire, the structure shall maintain sufficient bearing capacity and overall stability within the specified time; 5 If an accident such as explosion, impact, rare earthquake or human error occurs, the structure shall maintain the overall stability. 2.0.4 The use and maintenance of a timber structure within its design service life shall meet the following requirements: 1 Without technical appraisal or design permission, the functions and use conditions specified in the design shall not be changed;   2 For matters that may affect the safety and durability of the main structure, a regular testing and maintenance system shall be established; 3 Members, nodes, supports, anchorages and components that must be replaced according to the design regulations shall be replaced in time; 4 The protective layers on the surface of the members shall be maintained or replaced as required; 5 In the case of visible deformation or any durability defects in the structure and its members, nodes and supports, repair and reinforcement shall be conducted in time; 6 In the case of an earthquake within fortification intensity or any earthquake disaster or fire above that intensity, the overall structure shall be appraised, and only after it is treated according to the appraisal opinions can it continue to be used. 2.0.5 The design, construction, supervision, testing, supervision and other work of timber structure engineering shall be subject to unified measurement standards; during the construction of a timber structure, the structural bearing capacity and stability in each construction process and stage shall be subjected to checking calculation.   3 Materials 3.0.1 Timber structures shall be made of square timber, log, sawn timber and engineered wood products with clear material grades or strength grades. 3.0.2 The moisture content of structural lumber shall meet the requirements of design, manufacture and installation of the timber structures. 3.0.3 The design strength of structural lumber shall meet the following requirements: 1 The design strength of structural lumber shall be determined by the standard strength and the partial safety factor for resistance, and the influence of load duration on the lumber strength shall be taken into account; 2 The partial safety factor for resistance shall be determined according to the target reliability index and the deviation coefficient of tenacity of the lumber. 3.0.4 The strength design index of structural lumber shall be adjusted according to the size of timber members, service conditions, design service life and other factors of the structure. 3.0.5 The steel used in a timber structure shall meet the following requirements: 1 The steel shall be provided with assurance of conformity for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture and content of carbon, sulfur and phosphorus; 2 The steel used for the welded structures requiring fatigue checking calculation shall be provided with assurance of conformity for impact ductility; 3 The steel with lamellar tearing resistance in the thickness direction required by the design shall be provided with assurance of conformity for reduction of area; 4 During seismic design, the yield ratio and elongation after fracture of steel shall meet the requirements for plastic design of steel structure. 3.0.6 Metal connectors used in a timber structure shall not only meet the requirements of 3.0.5, but also be provided with product quality certificates, and cast steel connectors shall also be provided with assurance of conformity for reduction of area. Stainless steel connectors shall also be provided with assurance of conformity for nominal yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and the content of carbon, nickel, chromium and molybdenum. 3.0.7 The type of structural adhesive shall meet the requirements of the service environment, and its bonding performance shall meet the strength and durability indexes required in the design. 3.0.8 The fiber, matrix material and interface bonding performance used in timber structure improvement or reinforcement shall meet the requirements of strength, durability and ambient temperature and humidity.

1 General provisions 2 Basic requirements 3 Materials 4 Design 4.1 Structural systems 4.2 Design of members 4.3 Design of connections 4.4 Seismic and wind-resistant design 5 Protection and fire protection 5.1 Waterproof and moisture-proof measures 5.2 Termite protection 5.3 Decay/corrosion prevention 5.4 Fire protection 6 Construction and acceptance 7 Maintenance and demolition

1 总则 1.0.1 为保障木结构工程质量安全，落实资源节约和环境保护政策，保证人民群众生命财产安全和人身健康，提升木结构工程可持续发展水平，制定本规范。 1.0.2 木结构工程必须执行本规范。 1.0.3 工程建设所采用的技术方法和措施是否符合本规范要求，由相关责任主体判定。其中，创新性的技术方法和措施，应进行论证并符合本规范中有关性能的要求。 2 基本规定 2.0.1 木结构及其构件的安全等级不应小于三级。当结构构件、 部件与结构的安全等级不一致时，应在设计文件中明确标明。 2.0.2 木结构设计工作年限应符合下列规定： 1 建(构)筑物结构不应小于50年； 2 桥梁结构不应小于30年； 3 易于替换的结构构件、部件不应小于25年； 4 当木结构构件、部件设计工作年限低于结构的设计工作年限时，应在设计文件中明确标明，且应采用易于更换的连接构造。 2.0.3 在设计工作年限内，木结构性能应符合下列规定： 1 能够承受在正常施工和正常使用过程中可能出现的各种作用； 2 能够满足结构和结构构件的预定使用要求； 3 材料的耐久性应满足抵抗自身和自然环境双重因素长期破坏作用的能力； 4 当发生火灾时，结构应在规定的时间内保持足够的承载力和整体稳固性； 5 当发生可能遭遇的爆炸、撞击、罕遇地震、人为错误等偶然事件时，结构应保持整体稳固性。 2.0.4 在设计工作年限内，木结构使用维护应符合下列规定： 1 未经技术鉴定或设计许可，不应改变设计规定的功能和使用条件； 2 对可能影响主体结构安全性和耐久性的事项，应建立定期检测、维护制度； 3 按设计规定必须更换的构件、节点、支座、锚具、部件等应及时进行更换； 4 构件表面的防护层，应按规定进行维护或更换； 5 结构及构件、节点及支座等出现可见的变形和耐久性缺陷时，应及时进行修复加固； 6 遇设防地震及以上地震灾害、火灾后，应对整体结构进行鉴定，并应按鉴定意见进行处理后方可继续使用。 2.0.5 木结构工程的设计、施工、监理、检测、监督等工作应统一计量标准；木结构施工时，应对各施工工序阶段的结构承载力和稳定性进行验算。 3 材料 3.0.1 木结构应采用具有明确的材质等级或强度等级的方木、原木、锯材和工程木产品。 3.0.2 结构用木材的含水率应符合木结构设计、制作与安装要求。 3.0.3 结构用木材的强度设计值应符合下列规定： 1 结构用木材的强度设计值应通过强度标准值和抗力分项系数确定，并应计入荷载持续作用时间对木材强度的影响； 2 抗力分项系数应根据目标可靠指标和木材强度变异系数进行确定。 3.0.4 结构用木材的强度设计指标应根据木构件的尺寸、使用条件、结构设计工作年限等因素进行调整。 3.0.5 木结构中采用的钢材应符合下列规定： 1 钢材应具有抗拉强度、屈服强度、断后伸长率和碳、硫、磷含量的合格保证； 2 需要验算疲劳的焊接结构用钢材应具有冲击韧性合格保证； 3 设计要求厚度方向抗层状撕裂性能的钢材应具有断面收缩率合格保证； 4 进行抗震设计时，钢材的屈强比和断后伸长率应满足钢结构塑性设计的要求。 3.0.6 木结构中采用的金属连接件，除了应符合本规范第3.0.5条的要求外，还应提供产品质量合格证书，铸钢连接件尚应具有断面收缩率的合格保证。不锈钢连接件尚应具有名义屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率和碳、镍、铬、钼等含量的合格保证。 3.0.7 结构用胶粘剂类型应满足使用环境要求，且其胶合性能应满足设计要求的强度和耐久性指标。 3.0.8 木结构增强或加固中使用的纤维、基体材料及界面粘结性能应满足强度、耐久性和环境温湿度要求。 4 设计 4.1 结构体系 4.1.1 结构分析应符合下列规定： 1 结构分析模型应反映结构的实际受力状态，构件间连接、结构与基础连接的力-变形关系选取应合理；结构分析模型的确定应基于力学原理和工程经验，或经过试验验证。 2 动力分析中应计人相关结构构件及其质量、强度、刚度和阻尼比，以及对动力分析结果产生影响的非结构构件。 4.1.2 木结构按承载能力极限状态设计时，应符合下列规定： 1 应进行结构构件和连接的承载力计算； 2 结构构件和连接的承载力计算应考虑不同的使用条件； 3 有抗震设防要求时，应进行抗震设计； 4 应进行结构抗倾覆验算； 5 对于可能遭受偶然作用导致结构倒塌的重要结构，应进行抗连续倒塌设计； 6 木结构桥梁应进行持久设计状况、短暂设计状况、偶然设计状况、地震设计状况下的承载能力极限状态计算，木结构公路桥尚应进行构件和连接的疲劳验算。 4.1.3 木结构按正常使用极限状态设计时，应符合下列规定： 1 受弯构件应进行变形验算； 2 对舒适度有要求的楼盖结构，应进行振动舒适度验算； 3 在地震作用和风荷载作用下，应进行结构层问位移验算； 4 木结构桥梁应进行持久状况下的正常使用极限状态验算。 4.2 构件设计 4.2.1 轴心受力构件和偏心受力构件应进行强度计算，轴心受压构件和压弯构件尚应进行稳定验算，应保证构件满足强度和稳定性要求。 4.2.2 受弯构件应进行抗弯强度、抗剪强度、稳定和变形等计算，对于有切口的受弯构件，尚应进行切口处的强度计算，应满足安全使用的需要。 4.2.3 受弯构件的集中荷载作用处和构件支承处的横纹受压区，应进行局部承压强度计算，保证安全。 4.2.4 木结构剪力墙设计应符合下列规定： 1 对承受竖向荷载作用或平面外荷载作用的剪力墙，应进行剪力墙正截面承载力计算和稳定验算； 2 对承受平面内水平荷载作用的剪力墙，应进行抗剪强度计算、稳定验算、抗倾覆验算和变形验算； 3 剪力墙与楼盖、屋盖、基础之间的连接应进行抗剪设计和倾覆荷载作用下的抗拔设计。 4.2.5 楼(屋面)板设计应符合下列规定： 1 应进行竖向荷载作用下的承载力验算和变形计算； 2 除方木、原木结构外，应进行平面内荷载作用下的承载力计算。 4.2.6 不符合构造设计法的轻型木结构剪力墙、横隔应根据计算结果进行设计。 4.2.7 木结构桥梁的构件设计应符合下列规定： 1 应进行桥面体系、桥梁构件的强度计算，并应进行桥面板抗弯强度和抗剪强度计算； 2 构件应进行稳定性验算，公路桥木构件尚应进行疲劳验算。 4.3 连接设计 4.3.1 木结构连接应牢固、可靠，并应符合下列规定： 1 应受力简单、传力明确； 2 计算模型应与实际情况相符； 3 当计算模型不明确时，应通过试验或工程经验确定； 4 当木结构连接部位存在横纹拉应力时，应计其不利影响。 4.3.2 在顺纹受力的销连接抗剪承载力计算中，应计顺纹方向同排紧固件之间的不均匀受力的影响。 4.3.3 当木结构连接设计中考虑节点半刚性时，在整体结构分析中应以节点的弯矩-转角关系为计算依据，弯矩-转角关系应由试验或经试验验证的数值模拟确定。 4.3.4 木结构公路桥的连接应进行疲劳验算。 4.4 抗震抗风设计 4.4.1 对于3层及3层以下的轻型木结构建筑，当符合下列条件时，其抗震、抗风设计应允许采用构造设计法： 1 建筑物每层面积不大于600m2，层高不大于3.6m； 2 楼面活荷载标准值不大于2.5kN/m2；屋面活荷载标准值不大于0.5kN/m2； 3 建筑物屋面坡度不小于1：12且不大于1：1；纵墙上檐口悬挑长度不大于1.2m；山墙上檐口悬挑长度不大于0.4m； 4 承重构件的净跨距不大于12.0m。 4.4.2 高层木结构及高层木混合结构应考虑重力二阶效应的不利影响。 4.4.3 当抗震设防烈度为8度或9度时，木结构设计应同时考虑竖向地震作用的荷载效应组合。 4.4.4 当上部木结构、下部为其他结构的木混合结构连接处进行强度、局部承压和抗拉拔作用的抗震计算时，应将地震作用引起的侧向力和倾覆力矩乘以不小于1.2的放大系数。 4.4.5 抗震设计时，当木框架支撑结构和木框架剪力墙结构中各层框架总剪力小于底部总剪力的20％时，各层框架所承担的地震剪力的取值不应小于下列规定中的较小值： 1 结构底部总剪力的25％； 2 框架部分各楼层地震剪力最大值的1.8倍。 4.4.6 木结构构件进行抗风设计应符合下列规定： 1 主体结构计算时，风荷载作用面积应取垂直于风向的最大投影面积； 2 对于轻型木结构，在验算屋盖与下部结构连接处的节点连接承载力时，应对风荷载引起的上拔力乘以1.2的放大系数； 3 当结构自重不足以抵抗由风荷载产生的倾覆时，应采取抗倾覆措施。 5 防护与防火 5.1 防水防潮 5.1.1 木结构中易受水分和潮气侵蚀的部位应采取防水和防潮等构造措施，并应符合下列规定： 1 当木结构构件与砌体或混凝土接触时，应在接触面设置防潮层； 2 桁架和梁的支座节点或其他承重木构件不应封闭在墙体内； 3 木构件不应直接砌入砌体中，或浇筑在混凝土中； 4 在木结构隐蔽部位应设置通风孔洞。 5.1.2 结构用木材在运输、存放和施工过程中应采取避免雨淋和湿气影响的保护措施。 5.1.3 木结构建筑外墙防护板和外墙防水膜之间应设置排水通风空气层，有效空隙不应小于排水通风空气层总空隙的70％，空隙开口处应采取防生物危害的措施。 5.1.4 木结构建筑物室外地坪周围应设置排水措施，地下室和底层架空层应采取防水及防潮措施；当建筑物底层采用木楼盖时，木构件的底部距离室外地坪的高度不应小于300mm。 5.1.5 在门窗洞口、屋面、屋顶露台和阳台等部位均应采取防水、防潮和排水的构造措施；在外墙开洞处应采取防开裂与防渗水、浸水构造措施。 5.2 防白蚁危害 5.2.1 木结构建筑受白蚁危害的区域划分应根据白蚁危害程度按表5.2.1确定。 表5.2.1 白蚁危害区域划分 白蚁危害区域等级 白蚁危害程度 Z1 低危害地带 Z2 中等危害地带，无白蚁 Z3 中等危害地带，有白蚁 Z4 严重危害地带，有白蚁 5.2.2 当木结构建筑施工现场位于白蚁危害区域等级为Z2、Z3和Z4区域内时，木结构建筑的施工应符合下列规定： 1 施工前应对场地周围的树木和土壤进行白蚁检查和灭蚁工作； 2 应清除地基土中已有的白蚁巢穴和潜在的白蚁栖息地； 3 地基开挖时应彻底清除树桩、树根和其他埋在土壤中的木材； 4 施工木模板、废木材、纸质品及其他有机垃圾，应及时清理干净； 5 进入现场的木材、其他林产品、土壤和绿化用树木，均应进行白蚁检疫，施工时不应采用任何受白蚁感染的材料； 6 应按设计要求做好防治白蚁的其他各项措施。 5.2.3 当木结构建筑位于白蚁危害区域等级为Z3和Z4区域内时，木结构建筑应符合下列规定： 1 直接与土壤接触的基础和外墙，应采用混凝土或砖石结构； 2 当无地下室时，底层地面应采用混凝土结构； 3 由地下通往室内的设备电缆缝隙、管道孔缝隙、基础顶面与底层混凝土地坪之间的接缝，应采用防白蚁物理屏障或土壤化学屏障进行局部处理； 4 外墙的排水通风空气层开口处应设置连续的防虫网，防虫网隔栅孔径应小于1mm； 5 当地基的外排水层或外保温绝热层高出室外地坪时，应采取局部防白蚁处理技术措施。 5.2.4 在白蚁危害区域等级为Z3和Z4的地区应采用防白蚁土壤化学处理和白蚁诱饵系统等防虫措施。土壤化学处理和白蚁诱饵系统应使用对人体和环境无害的药剂。 5.2.5 当木结构建筑位于白蚁危害区域等级为Z4区域时，结构用木材应使用防腐处理木材。