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All technical contents of this part are compulsory. GB 4343 consists of two parts under the general title Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus: ——Part 1: Emission; ——Part 2: Immunity (GB/T 4343.2). This part is Part 1 of GB 4343. This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB 4343.1-2009 Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus - Part 1: Emission. The following main changes have been made with respect to GB 4343.1-2009: ——Appliances whose main functions are performed by r.f. generators used in induction cooking appliances have been added in the scope, and it has been made clear that both mains powered appliances and battery powered appliances are included in the scope of this part (see 1-1); ——The definition of 3.13 battery box is modified; the following definitions are added: 3.24 clock frequency, 3.25 battery-powered appliance and 3.26 mains-operated appliance (see Clause 3); ——Table 2b “Margin when performing disturbance power measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz” is added, and Table 3 “Radiated disturbance limits and testing methods for the frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz” is revised; ——4.1.2.3 is modified, describing application of the limits for mains-operated appliances and battery-operated appliances; ——6.2.1 is modified, re-describing the measurement procedure on the mains lead; ——7.2.2 is modified, re-describing the operating conditions of battery-powered appliances; ——7.3.1.3 is modified, adding detailed operating conditions of coffee grinders and coffee makers; ——7.3.4.15 is added, specifying the operating conditions of rice cookers; ——7.4.1.6 is added, stating that the radiated emission limits apply throughout the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz; ——8.3.1 is added, introducing the statistical method of tests based on a general margin to the limit; ——8.3.2 is revised, modifying the statistical method of tests based on the non-central t-distribution; ——Clause 9 “Methods of measurement of radiated emission (30 MHz to 1,000 MHz)” is added; and Clause 10 “Measurement uncertainty” is also added; ——Figures 10 and 11 are added; ——Annex B “Requirements for induction cooking appliances” is added. This part is identical to CISPR 14-1:2011 Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements for household appliances electric tools and similar apparatus - Part 1: Emission by means of translation. The Chinese documents consistent and corresponding with the normative international documents in this part are as follows: ——GB 4706.91-2008 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Particular requirements for electric fence energizers (IEC 60335-2-76: 2006, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.101-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus (CISPR 16-1-1: 2010, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.102-2008 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment - Conducted disturbances (CISPR 16-1-2: 2006, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.104-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements (CISPR 16-1-4: 2012, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.201-2017 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Conducted disturbance measurements (CISPR 16-2-1: 2010, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.202-2008 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-2: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Measurement of disturbance power (CISPR 16-2-2: 2004, IDT); ——GB/T 6113.203-2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements (CISPR 16-2-3: 2010, IDT); ——GB/T 17626.20-2014 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Emission and immunity testing in transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguide (IEC 61000-4-20: 2010, IDT); ——GB/T 17743-2007 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment (CISPR 15: 2005 + A1: 2006, IDT). The following editorial changes are made in this part: ——To be consistent with the existing standard series, the name of this part is changed to Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus - Part 1: Immunity. This part was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. The previous editions of this part are as follows: ——GB 4343-1984, GB 4343-1995, GB 4343.1-2003 and GB 4343.1-2009. Introduction The intention of this part is to establish uniform requirements for the radio disturbance level of household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus, to fix limits of disturbance, to describe methods of measurement and to standardize operating conditions and interpretation of results. Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus - Part 1: Emission 1 Scope 1.1 This part applies to the conduction and radiation of radio-frequency disturbances from appliances whose main functions are performed by motors, switching or regulating devices, or by r.f. generators used in induction cooking appliances. It includes such equipment as: household electrical appliances, electric tools, regulating controls using semiconductor devices, motor-driven electro-medical apparatus, electric/ electronic toys, automatic dispensing machines as well as cine or slide projectors. Both mains powered appliances and battery powered appliances are included. Also included in the scope of this part are: ——separate parts of the above mentioned equipment such as motors, switching devices e.g. (power or protective) relays, however no emission requirements apply unless formulated in this part. Excluded from the scope of this part are: ——apparatus for which all emission requirements in the radio frequency range are explicitly formulated in other national standards. Note 1: Examples are: ——luminaires, including portable luminaires for children, discharge lamps and other lighting devices: CISPR 15; ——audio and video equipment and electronic music instruments, other than toys: CISPR 13 and CISPR 20 (see also 7.3.5.4.2); ——mains communication devices, as well as baby surveillance systems: IEC 61000-3-8; ——equipment for generation and use of radio frequency energy for heating (other than induction cooking) and therapeutic purposes: CISPR 11; ——microwave ovens: CISPR 11 (but be aware of 1.3 on multifunction equipment); ——information technology equipment, e.g. home computers, personal computers, electronic copying machines: GB/T 9254-2008; ——electronic equipment to be used on motor vehicles: CISPR 12; ——radio controls, walkie-talkies and other types of radio-transmitters, also when used with toys; ——arc welding equipment: CISPR 11. ——regulating controls and equipment with regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices with a rated input current of more than 25 A per phase. ——stand-alone power supplies. Note 2: Toys powered by the supply system of a motor-powered vehicle, ship or aircraft are not covered by this part. Note 3: Until induction cooking appliances are removed from the scope of GB 4824, either GB 4824 or this part may be chosen for compliance. 1.2 The frequency range covered is 9 kHz to 400 GHz. 1.3 Multifunction equipment which is subjected simultaneously to different clauses of this part and/or other standards shall meet the provisions of each clause/standard with the relevant functions in operation; details are given in 7.2.1. 1.4 The limits in this part have been determined on a probabilistic basis, to keep the suppression of disturbances economically feasible while still achieving an adequate radio protection. In exceptional cases radio frequency interference may occur, in spite of compliance with the limits. In such a case, additional provisions may be required. 1.5 The effects of electromagnetic phenomena relating to the safety of apparatus are excluded from the scope of this part. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 4365-2003 Electrotechnical terminology - Electromagnetic compatibility [IEC 60050 (161): 1990, IDT] GB/T 6113.103-2008 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-3: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment - Disturbances power (CISPR 16-1-3: 2004, IDT) GB/T 6113.402-2006 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Measurement instrumentation uncertainty (CISPR 16-4-2: 2003, IDT) GB 7000.4-2007 Luminaires - Part 2-10: Particular requirements - Portable luminaires for children (IEC 60598-2-10: 2003, IDT) GB 7000.204-2008 Luminaires - Part 2-4: Particular requirements - Portable general purpose luminaires (IEC 60598-2-4: 1997, IDT) GB/T 9254-2008 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement (CISPR 22: 2006, IDT) IEC 60335-2-76: 2002 Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety - Part 2-76: Particular requirements for electric fence energizers IEC 61000-4-20: 2003 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-20: Testing and measurement techniques - Emission and immunity testing in transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguides CISPR 15: 2000 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics electrical lighting and similar equipment CISPR 16-1-1: 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus CISPR 16-1-2: 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment - Conducted disturbances CISPR 16-1-4: 2007 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment - Radiated disturbances CISPR 16-2-1: 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Conducted disturbance measurements CISPR 16-2-2: 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-2: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Measurement of disturbance power CISPR 16-2-3: 2006 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 4365-2003 and the following apply. 3.1 Definitions of the following terms are specified in CISPR 16-2-1 or CISPR 16-2-2: reference ground equipment under test (EUT) level weighting 3.2 click a disturbance, the amplitude of which exceeds the quasi-peak limit of continuous disturbance, the duration of which is not longer than 200 ms and which is separated from a subsequent disturbance by at least 200 ms. The durations are determined from the signal which exceeds the i.f. reference level of the measuring receiver A click may contain a number of impulses; in which case the relevant time is that from the beginning of the first to the end of the last impulse. Note: Under certain conditions, some kinds of disturbances are exempted from this definition (see 4.2.3). 3.3 i.f. reference level the corresponding value on the intermediate frequency output of the measuring receiver of an unmodulated sinusoidal signal which produces a quasi-peak indication equal to the limit for continuous disturbance 3.4 switching operation one opening or one closing of a switch or contact Note: Independent of whether clicks are observed or not. 3.5 minimum observation time T the minimum time necessary when counting clicks (or where relevant counting switching operations) to provide sufficiently firm evidence for the statistical interpretation of the number of clicks (or switching operations) per time unit (see also 7.4.2.1) 3.6 click rate N in general the number of clicks or switching operations within one minute; this Figure is being used to determine the click limit (see also 7.4.2.3) 3.7 click limit Lq the relevant limit L for continuous disturbance, as given in 4.1.1 for the measurement with the quasi-peak detector, increased by a certain value determined from the click rate N (see also 4.2.2.2) The click limit applies to the disturbance assessed according to the upper quartile method. 3.8 upper quartile method a quarter of the number of the clicks registered during the observation time T is allowed to exceed the click limit Lq In the case of switching operations a quarter of the number of the switching operations registered during the observation time is allowed to produce clicks exceeding the click limit Lq (see also 7.4.2.6). 3.9 toy product designed for, or clearly intended for use in play by children under 14 years old Toys may incorporate motors, heating elements, electronic circuits and their combination. The supply voltage of a toy shall not exceed 24 V a.c. (r.m.s) or ripple-free d.c. and may be provided by a battery or by means of an adapter or a safety transformer connected to the mains supply. Note: Transformers, converters and chargers for toys are considered not to be part of the toy (see IEC 61558-2-7). 3.10 battery toy toy which contains or uses one or more batteries as the only source of electrical energy 3.11 transformer toy toy which is connected to the supply mains through a transformer for toys and using the supply mains as the only source of electrical energy 3.12 dual supply toy toy which can be operated simultaneously or alternatively as a battery toy and a transformer toy 3.13 battery box compartment which is separate from the toy or appliance and in which the batteries are placed 3.14 safety isolating transformer transformer, the input winding of which is electrically separated from the output winding by an insulation at least equivalent to double insulation or reinforced insulation, and which is designed to supply an appliance or circuit at safety extra-low voltage 3.15 safety transformer for toys safety isolating transformer specially designed to supply toys operating at safety extra-low voltage not exceeding 24 V Note: Either a.c. or d.c. or both may be delivered from the transformer unit. 3.16 constructional kit collection of electric, electronic or mechanical parts intended to be assembled as various toys 3.17 experimental kit collection of electric or electronic components intended to be assembled in various combinations Note: The main aim of an experimental set is to facilitate the acquiring of knowledge by experiment and research. It is not intended to create a toy or equipment for practical use. 3.18 functional toy toy with a rated voltage not exceeding 24 V and which is a model of an appliance or installation used by adults Note: A product with a rated voltage exceeding 24 V, intended to be used by children under the direct supervision of an adult and which is a model of an appliance or installation and used in the same way, is known as a functional product. 3.19 portable luminaire for children luminaire that in normal use can be moved from one place to another while connected to the supply and which is designed to provide a level of safety in excess of that provided by a portable general purpose luminaire conforming to GB 7000.204 Note: A portable luminaire for children is intended for use by children who may not be under the supervision of more competent persons at the time of use. [GB 7000.4-2007, Definition 3.1] 3.20 video toy toy consisting of a screen and activating means by which the child can play and interact with the picture shown on the screen Note: All parts necessary for the operation of the video toy, such as control box, joy stick, keyboard, monitor and connections, are considered to be part of the toy. 3.21 electronic circuit circuit incorporating at least one electronic component 3.22 electronic component part in which conduction is achieved principally by electrons moving through a vacuum, gas or semiconductor Note: Electronic components do not include resistors, capacitors and inductors. 3.23 normal operation of toys condition under which the toy, connected to the recommended power supply, is played with as intended or in a foreseeable way, bearing in mind the normal behaviour of children 3.24 clock frequency the fundamental frequency of any signal used in the device excluding those which are solely used inside integrated circuits (IC) Note: High frequencies are often generated inside of integrated circuits (IC) by phase-locked-loop (PLL) circuits from lower clock oscillator frequencies outside the IC. 3.25 battery-operated appliance appliance which is operated only from batteries and has no provision for performing its intended function when connected to the mains, either directly or via a power supply Note 1: Toys are not considered to be appliances. Note 2: An appliance which has provision for charging but cannot perform its intended function during charging is considered to be a battery-operated appliance. 3.26 mains-operated appliance all appliances which are not battery-operated appliances Note: Toys are not considered to be appliances. 4 Limits of disturbance Radio disturbance measurements below 148.5 kHz and above 1,000 MHz do not need to be carried out. The requirements for induction cooking appliances are given in Annex B. 4.1 Continuous disturbance Commutator motors, as well as other devices incorporated in household appliances, electric tools and similar electrical apparatus may cause continuous disturbance. Continuous disturbance may be either broadband, caused by switching devices such as mechanical switches, commutators and semiconductor regulators, or may be narrowband, caused by electronic control devices such as microprocessors. Note: Instead of the concept of "broadband" and "narrowband" disturbances, in this part a distinction is made between two related kinds of disturbance, defined by the type of the applied detector. For this purpose limits have been defined with respect to the measurement with the quasi-peak detector and with the average detector (see 5.1.1 and 6.1.1). 4.1.1 Frequency range 148.5 kHz to 30 MHz (terminal voltages) Note: The World Administrative Radiocommunications Conference (WARC) has in 1979 reduced the lower frequency limit in Region 1 to 148.5 kHz; for applications falling in the scope of this part, tests at 150 kHz are considered adequate, since 148.5 kHz falls within the receiver bandwidth. The limits of the terminal disturbance voltages are given in Table 1. Terminal disturbance voltages are measured, in accordance with Clause 5, on each terminal with respect to ground. Terminals are defined as conductive parts, suitable for re-usable electrical connection to external circuits. 4.1.1.1 The limits in columns 2 and 3 shall be met on the phase and the neutral of the mains terminals of all appliances except those of electric tools. 4.1.1.2 On additional terminals of appliances as well as on load and additional terminals of regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices the relaxed limits given for "additional terminals" in columns 4 and 5 apply. Terminals which may be used as either mains terminals or load/additional terminals are subject to the limits for mains terminals. No terminal voltage limits apply for leads, which are not easily extensible by the user (permanently connected, or provided with a specific connector), which are shorter than 2 m, and which connect the equipment with an auxiliary apparatus or device, (e.g. semiconductor speed controls, power plugs with AC-DC converters). No terminal voltage limits apply to leads integrated in the suction hose of vacuum cleaners, even if the length exceeds 2 m. Note: For the measurement at the load terminals and additional terminals of regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices see 5.2.4, for additional terminals of other appliances see 5.2.3. 4.1.1.3 For the mains terminals of electric tools the particular limits given in columns 6 to 11 apply according to the rated power of the motor, the power of any heating device is to be excluded (for instance heating power in a blower for plastic welding). For the load terminals and additional terminals of electric tools, columns 4 and 5 apply without further relaxation. Table 1 Terminal voltage limits for the frequency range 148.5 kHz to 30 MHz (see Figures 1 and 2) Household appliances and equipment causing similar disturbances and regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices Frequency range At mains terminals At load terminals and additional terminals 1 2 3 4 5 MHz dB (μV) Quasi-peak dB (μV) Average* dB (μV) Quasi-peak dB (μV) Average* 0.15 to 0.50 Decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the frequency from: 66 to 56 59 to 46 80 70 0.50 to 5 56 46 74 64 5 to 30 60 50 74 64 Mains terminals of electric tools 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 Frequency range Rated motor power not exceeding 700 W Rated motor power above 700 W and not exceeding 1,000 W Rated motor power above 1,000 W MHz dB (μV) Quasi-peak dB (μV) Averagea dB (μV) Quasi-peak dB (μV) Averagea dB (μV) Quasi-peak dB (μV) Averagea 0.15 to 0.35 Decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the frequency from: 66 to 59 59 to 49 70 to 63 63 to 53 76 to 69 69 to 59 0.35 to 5 59 49 63 53 69 59 5 to 30 64 54 68 58 74 64 a If the limit for the measurement with the average detector is met when using a receiver with a quasi-peak detector, the equipment under test shall be deemed to meet both limits and the measurement using the receiver with an average detector need not be carried out. Note: The limits for the measurement with the average detector are tentative and may be modified after a period of experience. 4.1.1.4 Limits for electric fence energizers apply to a) the fence terminals on all energizers (columns 4 and 5 of Table 1); b) the mains terminals on energizers designed for connection to the mains (columns 2 and 3 of Table 1); c) the battery terminals on energizers designed for operation from a battery (columns 4 and 5 of Table 1). However, no limits apply to the battery terminals of energizers with built-in batteries which cannot be connected to the mains supply, or energizers with external batteries if the connecting lead between the energizer and the battery is shorter than 2 m and is not applicable of being easily extended by the user without special tools. Type D energizers, according to IEC 60335-2-76: 2002, are measured as battery operated energizers with connecting leads between the energizer and the battery greater than 2 m in length. Note: In practice, the fence wire can also act as an active source of disturbances, due to the high-voltage discharges, in particular to radio and telecommunication networks. Manufacturers of electric fence energizers shall instruct the users to eliminate discharge points such as touching vegetation or a broken fence wire. 4.1.1.5 For battery operated appliances (with built-in batteries, as well as with external batteries) which can be connected to the mains the limits of columns 2 and 3 of Table 1 apply to the mains terminals. No radio disturbance limits apply to appliances with built-in batteries, which cannot be connected to the mains supply. No radio disturbance limits apply to appliances with external batteries, if the connecting lead between appliance and battery is shorter than 2 m. If the connecting lead is longer than 2 m or easily extendable by the user without special tools, then the limits of columns 4 and 5 of Table 1 apply to these leads. 4.1.2 Frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz 4.1.2.1 Disturbance power measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz The limits of the disturbance power are given in Table 2a. Disturbance power is measured in accordance with Clause 6, at all terminals. Table 2a Disturbance power limits for the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz Household and similar appliances Electric tools 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Frequency range Rated motor power not exceeding 700 W Rated motor power above 700 W and not exceeding 1,000 W Rated motor power above 1,000 W MHz dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Averagea dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Averagea dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Averagea dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Averagea 30 to 300 Increasing linearly with the frequency from: 45 to 55 35 to 45 45 to 55 35 to 45 49 to 59 39 to 49 55 to 65 45 to 55 a If the limit for the measurement with the average detector is met when using a receiver with a quasi-peak detector, the equipment under test shall be deemed to meet both limits and the measurement using the receiver with an average detector need not be carried out. Table 2b margin when performing disturbance power measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz Household and similar appliances Electric tools 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Frequency range Rated motor power not exceeding 700 W Rated motor power above 700 W and not exceeding 1,000 W Rated motor power above 1,000 W MHz dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Average dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Average dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Average dB (pW) Quasi-peak dB (pW) Average 200 to 300 Increasing linearly with the frequency from: 0 to 10 dB — 0 to 10 dB — 0 to 10 dB — 0 to 10 dB — Note 1: This table only applies if specified in 4.1.2.3.2. Note 2: The measured result at a particular frequency shall be less than the relevant limit minus the corresponding margin (at that frequency). 4.1.2.2 Radiated disturbances measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz The limits of radiated disturbances are given in Table 3. Radiated disturbances are measured in accordance with the standards and testing methods given in Table 3. Table 3 Radiated disturbance limits and testing methods for the frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz Testing method Standard Frequency range MHz Limit dBμV/m Quasi-peak Remark OATSa or SACb, d CISPR 16-2-3 30~230 230~300 30 37 Measurement distance 10 m 300~1,000 37 FARe CISPR 16-2-3 30~230 230~1,000 42 to 35f 42 Measurement distance 3 m TEM-Waveguidec IEC 61000-4-20 30~230 230~1,000 30 37 — Note: The lower limit is applicable at the transition frequency. a OATS = open area test site. b SAC = semi-anechoic chamber. c The TEM-waveguide is limited to devices without cables attached and with a maximum size according to subclause 6.1 of IEC 61000-4-20: 2003 (The largest dimension of the equipment under test at 1 GHz measuring frequency is one wavelength, 300 mm at 1 GHz). d Measurements may be made at closer distance, down to 3 m. An inverse proportionality factor of 20 dB per decade shall be used to normalize the measured data to the specified distance for determining compliance. e FAR = fully anechoic room. All equipment, including floor-standing equipment, shall be measured within the test volume as described in Figure 6 of CISPR 16-2-3: 2006. f Decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the frequency. In any situation where it is necessary to verify the original measurement, the measuring method and measuring distance originally chosen shall be used in order to ensure consistency of the results. 4.1.2.3 Application of the limits 4.1.2.3.1 General This subclause describes application of the limits for all appliances (see Figure 10). Regulating controls which incorporate semiconductor devices, electric fence energizers, rectifiers, battery chargers and converters, which do not contain any clock frequency higher than 9 kHz, are not subject to the requirements in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz. 4.1.2.3.2 Mains-operated appliances The equipment under test shall be evaluated for emissions in the 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz range by testing in accordance with either method a) or b), see also Figure 10. a) The limits in columns 2 and 3 of Table 2a for the frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz shall be met by all appliances except for electric tools. For electric tools the particular limits given in columns 4 to 9 of Table 2a apply according to the rated power of the motor, excluding the power of any heating device (for instance heating power in a blower for plastic welding). Appliances are deemed to comply in the frequency range from 300 MHz to 1,000 MHz if both of the following conditions (1) and 2)) are fulfilled: 1) all emission readings from the equipment under test shall be lower than the applicable limits (Table 2a) reduced by the margin (Table 2b); 2) the maximum clock frequency shall be less than 30 MHz. If either of condition 1) or 2) is not fulfilled, radiated measurements in the frequency range from 300 MHz to 1,000 MHz shall be conducted and the limits of Table 3 for that range applied. In any case the limits of Table 2a in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz shall be met. b) The limits in Table 3 shall be met. Any of the measurement methods mentioned in Table 3 can be selected by the manufacturer except that the TEM-waveguide shall be used only for battery-powered appliances not intended to have external cables attached (see also Note c in Table 3). The test report shall state which method was used and which limits were applied. 4.1.2.3.3 Battery-operated appliances For all battery-operated appliances the limits in Table 3 apply for the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz (See also Figure 11). Any of the measurement methods mentioned in Table 3 can be selected by the manufacturer except that the TEM-waveguide shall be used only for battery powered appliances not intended to have external cables attached. The test report shall state which method was used and which limits were applied. Battery-operated appliances which do not contain active electronic circuits or motors shall not be measured. These appliances are considered to comply without testing. Note: Examples of active electronic circuits include circuits containing transistors, thyristors and relays. A LED connected to a battery via a manual switch is not an active electronic circuit if the current is limited only by a resistor or a transistor operating linearly, but it is an active switching circuit if the current is pulsed using a transistor. 4.2 Discontinuous disturbance Switching operations in thermostatically controlled appliances, automatic programme controlled machines and other electrically controlled or operated appliances generate discontinuous disturbance. The subjective effect of discontinuous disturbance varies with repetition rate and amplitude in audio and video presentation. Therefore distinction shall be made between various kinds of discontinuous disturbance. The discontinuous disturbance is only measured with a measuring receiver including a quasi-peak detector as mentioned in 5.1.1 and specified in Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-1:2003. See Annex C for guidance. 4.2.1 The limits for discontinuous disturbance depend mainly on the character of the disturbance and on the click rate N as given in detail in 4.2.2 and 4.2.3. No discontinuous disturbance limits apply in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz. Note: The level of disturbances below 30 MHz is interpreted as an indication for the level above 30 MHz. 4.2.2 Frequency range 148.5 kHz to 30 MHz (terminal voltages) 4.2.2.1 The limits of Table 1 apply also to discontinuous disturbances from all equipment which produce: a) disturbances other than clicks, or b) clicks with a click rate N equal to or greater than 30. Appliances as described in 4.2.3 are exempted. Note: Examples of discontinuous disturbances for which the limits for continuous disturbance apply are shown in Figures 4a) and 4b). 4.2.2.2 For discontinuous disturbance, the click limit Lq is attained by increasing the relevant limit L (as given in 4.1.1) with: 44 dB for N < 0.2, or 20 lg(30/N)dB for 0.2 ≤ N < 30 Note: Examples of discontinuous disturbances which are classified as clicks are shown in Figures 3a), 3b) and 3c). See also Annex A, Table A.1 and Table A.2. 4.2.2.3 The click limit Lq applies for click rates N determined under operating conditions and interpretation of results as specified in Clause 7. 4.2.3 Exceptions from the click definition Under certain conditions some kinds of discontinuous disturbances are exempted from the definition of a click (see 3.2). This subclause contains these exceptions which are applicable in combination with subclauses 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 to all kinds of appliances. In Figure 9, a flow diagram shows how to take these conditions into account in the verification procedure. Product specific relaxations are contained in Annex A, which contains also Table A.2, a list of appliances for which the switching operations are counted, to derive the click rate N. 4.2.3.1 Individual switching operations The disturbance from individual switching operations, caused directly or indirectly, manually or by similar activities on a switch or a control which is included in an appliance or otherwise to be used for: a) the purpose of mains connection or disconnection only; b) the purpose of programme selection only; c) the control of energy or speed by switching between a limited number of fixed positions; d) the changing of the manual setting of a continuously adjustable control such as a variable speed device for water extraction or electronic thermostats, is to be disregarded for the purpose of testing the appliance for compliance with the limits of radio disturbance set out in this part. Examples of switches included in this subclause are the on/off switches for apparatus (including foot activated), for instance the switch for an electric typewriter, manual switches for heat and air flow control in fan heaters and hair dryers, as well as the indirectly operated switch in a cupboard, wardrobe or refrigerator, and sensor-operated switches, etc. Switches which usually will be repeatedly operated are not included in this subclause, e.g. for sewing machines, calculating machines, soldering equipment, etc. (see 7.2.3 and 7.3.2.4.c). Also the disturbance caused by the operation of any switching device or control which is included in an appliance for the purpose of mains disconnection for safety only, is to be disregarded for the purpose of testing the appliance for compliance with the limits of radio disturbance as described in this part. 4.2.3.2 Combination of clicks in a time frame less than 600 ms In programme controlled appliances a combination of clicks in a time frame less than 600 ms is allowed once per selected programme cycle. For other appliances such a combination of clicks is allowed once during the minimum observation time. This is also valid for thermostatically controlled three-phase switches, causing three disturbances sequentially in each of the three phases and the neutral. The combination of clicks is considered as one click. 4.2.3.3 Instantaneous switching Appliances which fulfill the following conditions: ——the click rate is not more than 5, ——none of the caused clicks has a duration longer than 20 ms, ——90 % of the caused clicks have a duration less than 10 ms, shall be deemed to comply with the limits, independent of the amplitude of the clicks (see Tables A.1 and A.2). If one of these conditions is not satisfied then the limits in accordance with 4.2.2 apply. 4.2.3.4 Separation of clicks less than 200 ms For appliances which have a click rate less than 5, any two disturbances each having a maximum duration of 200 ms, shall be evaluated as two clicks even when the separation between the disturbances is less than 200 ms. In this case, for instance observed with refrigerators, the example shown in Figure 4b), would be evaluated as two clicks and not as continuous disturbance. 5 Methods of measurement of terminal disturbance voltages (148.5 kHz to 30 MHz) This clause lays down the general requirements for the measurement of disturbance voltage produced at the terminals of apparatus. The operating conditions are given in Clause 7 of this part. 5.1 Measuring devices The measuring devices given below are to be used: 5.1.1 Measuring receivers Receivers with quasi-peak detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-1: 2003; receivers with average detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 6 of CISPR 16-1-1: 2003. Note: Both detectors may be incorporated in a single receiver and measurements carried out either using the quasi-peak detector or the average detector. 5.1.2 Artificial mains network The artificial mains V-network is required to provide a defined impedance at high frequencies between the terminals of the appliance under test and reference ground, and also to isolate the test circuit from unwanted radio-frequency signals on the supply mains. The artificial mains V-network 50 Ω/50 μH (or 50 Ω/50 μH + 5 Ω) as defined in Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-2: 2003 shall be used. To ensure that, at the frequency of measurement, the impedance of the mains does not materially affect the impedance of the artificial mains V-network, a suitable radio-frequency impedance shall be inserted between the artificial mains V-network and the supply mains. This impedance will also reduce the effect of unwanted signals which occur on the supply mains (see also 5.3). The connection between the artificial mains V-network and the measuring receiver shall be made by means of a coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω. 5.1.3 Voltage probe The voltage probe shall be used when measuring on terminals other than mains terminals (see 5.2.3.2) e.g. load and control terminals (5.2.4.4). The voltage probe shall also be used on mains terminals when the artificial mains V-network cannot be used without unduly influencing the appliance under test or the test equipment, e.g. while measuring motors and heating devices operating at more than 25 A per phase. The voltage probe contains a resistor having a resistance value of at least 1,500 Ω in series with a capacitor with a reactive value negligible to the resistance (in the range 150 kHz to 30 MHz) (see 5.2 of CISPR 16-1-2: 2003). The measuring results shall be corrected according to the voltage division between the probe and the measuring set. For this correction only the resistive parts of the impedances shall be taken into account. If the function of the appliance under test is affected by the impedance of the probe being too low, its impedance (at 50/60 Hz and at radio frequencies) shall be increased as needed (for example 15 kΩ in series with 500 pF). 5.1.4 Artificial hand In order to simulate the influence of the user's hand, application of the artificial hand is required for hand held equipment during the disturbance voltage measurement. The artificial hand consists of metal foil which is connected to one terminal (terminal M) of an RC element consisting of a capacitor of 220 pF ± 20 % in series with a resistor of 510 Ω ± 10 % [see Figure 8a)]; the other terminal of the RC element shall be connected to the reference ground of the measuring system (see CISPR 16-1-2: 2003). The RC element of the artificial hand may be incorporated in the housing of the artificial mains network. 5.1.5 Disturbance analyzer for discontinuous disturbance The measuring equipment for discontinuous disturbance shall comply with Clause 10 of CISPR 16-1-1: 2003. An alternative method using an oscilloscope may be applied provided that the degree of accuracy is sufficient. Note: For the measurement of the duration of the disturbance, see CISPR 16-1-1: 2003. 5.2 Measuring procedures and arrangements 5.2.1 Arrangement of the leads of the appliance under test Note: Clause 5 and Annex A of CISPR 16-2-1: 2003 give more information about the connection of the electrical appliances to the measuring equipment. 5.2.1.1 Mains lead During all measurements of disturbance terminal voltages (on the mains terminals or on other terminals) the artificial mains V-network shall be connected to the mains terminals in order to provide a defined termination. As described in detail in 5.2.2 the V-network shall be situated at a distance of 0.8 m from the appliance. The disturbance voltage measurements are normally to be made at the plug end of the lead. If the mains lead of the appliance under test is longer than necessary to be connected to the V-network the length of this lead in excess of 0.8 m shall be folded back and forth parallel to the lead so as to form a horizontal bundle with a length between 0.3 m and 0.4 m. In the case of controversy with regard to the banning of sales or withdrawal of a type approval it may be replaced by a lead of similar quality with a length of 1 m. If the lead on which the measurements are to be made is shorter than the required distance between the appliance and the mains V-network, it shall be extended to the necessary length. If the mains lead of the appliance under test includes the earthing conductor, the plug end of the earthing conductor shall be connected to the reference ground of the measuring equipment. Where an earthing conductor is required, but is not included in the lead, the connection of the earth terminal of the appliance to the reference ground of the measuring equipment shall be made by a lead not longer than necessary to be connected to the V-network running parallel to the mains lead at a distance of not more than 0.1 m from it. If the appliance is not supplied with a lead it is to be connected to the artificial mains V-network by a lead not longer than 1 m (also in case of plug or socket-outlet). 5.2.1.2 Other leads The lead connecting the appliance with an auxiliary apparatus and the leads to regulating controls or to batteries of battery-powered appliances shall be treated in accordance with 5.2.1.1 except where otherwise stated in this part. 5.2.2 Disposition of appliances under test and their connection to the artificial mains V-network 5.2.2.1 Appliances normally operated without an earth connection and not held in the hand The appliance shall be placed 0.4 m above an earthed conducting surface of at least 2 m x 2 m in size and at a distance of 0.8 m from the artificial mains V-network and shall be kept at least 0.8 m from any other earthed conducting surface. If the measurements are made in a screened enclosure, the distance of 0.4 m may be referred to one of the walls of the enclosure. Appliance that, according to its design and/or weight, usually stands on the floor while in use (so-called floor standing appliance) is subject to the same provisions as above. However, ——the appliance shall be placed on a horizontal metal ground plane (the reference ground plane), but isolated from it by a non-metallic support (such as a pallet) of 0.1 m ± 25 % in height; ——the lead shall be led downward along the EUT to the level of the non-metallic support and be led horizontally to the artificial V-network; ——the artificial V-network shall be bonded to the reference ground plane (see CISPR 16-2-1: 2003); ——the reference ground plane shall extend at least 0.5 m beyond the boundaries of the appliance under test and have minimum dimensions of 2 m x 2 m. 5.2.2.2 Handheld appliances which are normally operated without an earth connection Measurements shall first be made in accordance with 5.2.2.1. Additional measurements shall then be made using the artificial hand described in 5.1.4. The general principle to be followed in the application of the artificial hand is that the metal foil shall be wrapped around all handles, both fixed and detachable, supplied with the appliance and the terminal M shall additionally be connected to any exposed non-rotating metalwork as specified in 5.2.2.2.2 to 5.2.2.2.4. Metalwork which is covered with paint or lacquer is considered as exposed metalwork and shall be directly connected to the terminal M of the RC element. The artificial hand shall be applied only on the handles and grips and those parts of the appliance specified as such by the manufacturer. Failing the manufacturer's specification, the artificial hand shall be applied in the following way: 5.2.2.2.1 When the casing of the appliance is entirely of metal, no metal foil is needed, but the terminal M of the RC element shall be connected directly to the body of the appliance. 5.2.2.2.2 When the casing of the appliance is of insulating material, metal foil shall be wrapped round the handles, e.g. in Figure 8b), around handle B, and also round the second handle D, if present. Also metal foil 60 mm wide shall be wrapped round the body C at that point where the iron core of the motor stator is located, or around the gearbox if this gives a higher disturbance level. All these pieces of metal foil, and the ring or bushing A, if present, shall be connected together and to the terminal M of the RC element. 5.2.2.2.3 When the casing of the appliance is partly metal and partly insulating material, and has insulating handles, metal foil shall be wrapped round the handles, as handles B and D in Figure 8b). If the case is non-metallic at the location of the motor, a metal foil 60 mm wide shall be wrapped round the body C at that point where the iron core of the motor stator is located, or alternatively around the gearbox, if this is of insulating material and a higher disturbance level is obtained. The metal part of the body, the point A, the metal foil round the handles B and D and the metal foil on the body C shall be connected together and to the terminal M of the RC element. 5.2.2.2.4 When a Class II appliance has two handles of insulating material A and B and a case of metal C, for example an electric circular saw [Figure 8c)], metal foil shall be wrapped round the handles A and B. The metal foil at A and B and the metal body C shall be connected together and to the terminal M of the RC element. Note: Classes 0, I, II and III according to IEC 61140 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment. 5.2.2.3 Appliances normally required to be operated with an earth connection The appliance shall be placed at a distance of 0.8 m from the artificial mains V-network, and the disturbance voltages shall be measured in accordance with 5.2.1. The measurements shall be made with the earth terminal of the appliance connected to the reference ground of the measuring equipment. If the appliance is not supplied with a lead, the connection of the earth terminal of the appliance to the reference ground of the measuring equipment shall be made by a lead running parallel to the mains lead and of the same length and at a distance of not more than 0.1 m from it. If the enclosure of the appliance is of non-conducting material, the appliance shall be tested as described in 5.2.2.1. Appliance that, according to its design and/or weight, usually stands on the floor while in use (so-called floor standing appliance) is subject to the same provisions as above. However, ——the appliance shall be placed on a horizontal metal ground plane (the reference ground plane), but isolated from it by a non-metallic support (such as a pallet) of 0.1 m ± 25 % in height; If the measurements are made in a screened enclosure, the distance of 0.1 m ± 25 % shall be referred to the metal ground of the screened enclosure. ——the boundaries of the appliance shall have a distance of at least 0.4 m to a grounded vertical conducting surface of at least 2 m x 2 m in size. If the measurements are made in a screened enclosure, the distance of 0.4 m shall be referred to the nearest wall of the enclosure; ——the reference ground plane shall extend at least 0.5 m beyond the boundaries of appliance under test. ——the V-network shall be bonded with metal straps to the reference ground plane (see CISPR 16-2-1: 2003); ——the reference ground plane shall be bonded with the vertical surface by a low impedance connection. 5.2.3 Appliances having auxiliary apparatus connected at the end of a lead other than the mains lead Note 1: Regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices are excluded from this subclause, as these are covered in 5.2.4. Note 2: When the auxiliary apparatus is not essential to the operation of the appliance and has a separate test procedure specified elsewhere in this part (e.g. power nozzle of a vacuum cleaner), this subclause does not apply. The main appliance is tested as an individual appliance. Connecting leads exceeding 1 m in length are arranged in accordance with 5.2.1.1. Measurements need not to be made when the connecting lead between the appliance and the auxiliary apparatus is permanently fixed at both ends, and is either shorter than 2 m, or if it has a shielding whose ends are connected to the metal housing of the appliance and that of the auxiliary apparatus. The measurement of the terminal voltage on non-rewirable leads longer than 2 m and shorter than 10 m shall be started at a frequency according to the following formula: fstart＝60/L where, fstart——the start frequency for the measurement of the terminal voltage, MHz; L——the length of the connecting lead between the appliance and the auxiliary apparatus, m. Note: This calculation is based on the requirement that the length of the auxiliary lead shall not exceed one-fifth of the wave length, corresponding to the start frequency of the measurement. 5.2.3.1 Measuring arrangement The appliance under test shall be arranged in accordance with 5.2.2 with the following additional requirements: a) The auxiliary apparatus shall be placed at the same height and distance from the earthed conducting surface as the main appliance, and if the auxiliary lead is long enough, at a distance of 0.8 m from the main appliance, 5.2.1.1 shall be observed. If the auxiliary lead is shorter than 0.8 m, the auxiliary apparatus shall be placed at the longest possible distance from the main apparatus. If the auxiliary lead is longer than 0.8 m, the length of the auxiliary lead in excess of 0.8 m shall be folded parallel to itself so as to form a horizontal bundle with a length between 0.3 m and 0.4 m. The auxiliary lead shall be stretched in the opposite direction to the mains lead. When the auxiliary apparatus contains controls, the arrangements for its operation must not unduly affect the level of disturbance; b) If an appliance having an auxiliary apparatus is earthed, no artificial hand shall be connected. If the appliance itself is made to be held in the hand, the artificial hand shall be connected to the appliance and not to any auxiliary apparatus; c) If the appliance is not made to be held in the hand, the auxiliary apparatus which is not earthed and is made to be held in the hand shall be connected to the artificial hand; if the auxiliary apparatus is not made to be held in the hand either, it shall be placed above an earthed conducting surface as described in 5.2.2.1. 5.2.3.2 Measuring procedure In addition to the measurement on the terminals for the mains connection, measurements are conducted on all other terminals for incoming and outgoing leads (e.g. control and load lines) using a probe as described in 5.1.3 in series with the input of the measuring receiver. The auxiliary apparatus, control or load shall be connected to allow measurements to be made under all provided operating conditions and during interactions between the appliance and the auxiliary apparatus. Measurements are performed both on the terminals of the appliance and on those of the auxiliary apparatus. 5.2.4 Regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices 5.2.4.1 The regulating control shall be arranged as shown in Figure 5. The output terminal of the control shall be connected to a load of the correct rated value by leads of 0.5 m to 1 m length. Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the load shall consist of incandescent lamps. 5.2.4.2 When a regulating control or its load is to be operated with an earth connection (i.e. Class I equipment), then the earth terminal of the regulating control shall be connected to the earth terminal of the artificial mains V-network. The earth terminal of the load, if any, shall be connected to the earth terminal of the regulating control, or, if not available, directly to the earth terminal of the artificial mains V-network. 5.2.4.3 The control shall first be measured in accordance with the provisions of 5.2.2.1 or 5.2.2.3. 5.2.4.4 Secondly, measurement of the disturbance voltage is made at the load terminals using a probe as described in 5.1.3 in series with the input of the measuring receiver. 5.2.4.5 For regulating controls having additional terminals for connection to a remote sensor or control unit, the following further provisions apply: a) The additional terminals shall be connected to the remote sensor or control unit by leads of 0.5 m to 1 m length. If a special lead is provided, the length of this lead in excess of 0.8 m shall be folded back and forth parallel to the lead so as to form a horizontal bundle with a length between 0.3 m and 0.4 m. b) Measurement of the disturbance voltage at the additional terminals of the regulating control shall be carried out in the same way as described in 5.2.4.4 for the load terminals. 5.3 Reduction of disturbance not produced by the appliance under test Any measurable disturbance voltage not caused by the appliance under test (arising from the supply mains or produced by extraneous fields), shall give an indication on the measuring set at least 20 dB below the lowest voltage to which it is desired to measure. The background noise shall not be at least 20 dB below the measurement level, otherwise it shall be quoted in the results of measurement. The disturbance voltages not caused by the equipment under test shall be measured when the equipment under test is connected but not operated. Note: Realization of this condition may require the addition of a supplementary filter in the supply mains and the measurements may have to be made in a screened enclosure. 6 Methods of measurement of disturbance power (30 MHz to 300 MHz) This clause lays down the general requirements for the measurement of disturbance power produced at the terminals of apparatus. The operating conditions are given in Clause 7 of this part. It is generally considered that for frequencies above 30 MHz the disturbing energy is propagated by radiation to the disturbed apparatus. Experience has shown that the disturbing energy is mostly radiated by the part of the mains leads and other leads near the appliance. It is therefore agreed to define the disturbing capability of an appliance as the power it could supply to its leads. This power is nearly equal to that supplied by the appliance to a suitable absorbing device placed around these leads at the position where the absorbed power is at its maximum. Calibration is accomplished in accordance with Annex B of CISPR 16-1-2: 2003. 6.1 Measuring devices 6.1.1 Measuring receivers Receivers with quasi-peak detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-1: 2003; receivers with average detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 6 of CISPR 16-1-1: 2003. Note: Both detectors may be incorporated in a single receiver and measurements carried out either using the quasi-peak detector or the average detector. 6.1.2 Absorbing clamp The absorbing clamp shall be in accordance with Clause 4 of GB/T 6113.103-2008. 6.2 Measurement procedure on the mains lead 6.2.1 The distance between the clamp test set-up (the appliance, the lead to be measured and the absorbing clamp) and any other conductive objects (including persons, walls and ceiling, but excluding the floor) shall be at least 0.8 m. The appliance under test shall be placed on a non-metallic support table parallel to the floor. The height of the table shall be 0.1 m ± 0.025 m for appliances primarily intended to be positioned on the floor in normal use, and 0.8 m ± 0.05 m for other appliances. The lead to be measured is placed in a straight line for a distance sufficient to accommodate the absorbing clamp, and to permit the necessary measuring adjustment of position for tuning. The clamp is placed around the lead. 6.2.2 The absorbing clamp is positioned for maximum indication at each test frequency: the clamp shall be moved along the lead until the maximum value is found between a position adjacent to the appliance and a distance of about a half-wavelength from it. Note: The maximum may occur at a distance close to the appliance 6.2.3 The straight portion of the lead to be measured on should therefore be about 6 m long, this being equal to λmax/2 + 0.6 in order to allow at any time the positioning of the absorbing clamp and a possible second clamp for additional isolation. If the original lead of the appliance is shorter than the necessary length, it shall be extended or replaced by a similar lead. Any plug or socket which will not pass through the absorbing clamp due to its size shall be removed or, especially in the case of controversy with regard to the banning of sales or withdrawal of a type approval the lead may be replaced by a lead of similar quality with the necessary length. Note: λmax is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency at which measurements are to be made for instance 10 m at 30 MHz 6.2.4 If the r.f. isolation between mains supply and the input of the absorbing clamp on the side of the appliance appears to be insufficient, a fixed ferrite clamp (see GB/T 6113.103-2008) shall be placed along the lead at a distance of about 6 m from the appliance. This improves the stability of the loading impedance and reduces extraneous noise coming from the mains supply. For more information see Clause 4 of GB/T 6113.103-2008. 6.3 Special requirements for appliances having auxiliary apparatus connected at the end of a lead other than the mains lead 6.3.1 Measurement arrangement 6.3.1.1 Auxiliary leads normally extendible by the user, for instance with a loose end or leads fitted with a (by the user) easily replaceable plug or socket on one or both ends, shall in accordance with 6.2.3 be extended to a length of about 6 m. Any plug or socket which will not pass through the absorbing clamp due to its size shall be removed (see 6.2.3). 6.3.1.2 If the auxiliary lead is permanently fixed to the appliance and to the auxiliary apparatus and: ——is shorter than 0.25 m, measurement are not to be made on these leads; ——is longer than 0.25 m but shorter than twice the length of the absorbing clamp, it shall be extended to twice the length of the absorbing clamp; ——is longer than twice the length of the absorbing clamp, measurements shall be made using the original lead. When the auxiliary apparatus is not necessary for the operation of the main appliance (e.g. a power nozzle to a vacuum cleaner) and a separate test procedure for the auxiliary apparatus is specified elsewhere in this part, only the lead, but not the auxiliary apparatus, shall be connected. (However, all measurements on the main appliance in accordance with 6.3.2 are to be made.) 6.3.2 Measuring procedure 6.3.2.1 Measurement of the disturbance power shall be made firstly on the mains lead of the main appliance using the absorbing clamp in accordance with 6.2. Any lead connecting the main appliance to an auxiliary apparatus is disconnected if this does not affect the operation of the appliance, or is isolated by means of ferrite rings (or an absorbing clamp) close to the appliance. 6.3.2.2 Secondly, a similar measurement is made on each lead which is or may be connected to an auxiliary apparatus, whether or not it is necessary for the operation of the appliance; the current transformer of the clamp pointing towards the main appliance. Isolation, or disconnection of the mains lead and other leads is made in accordance with 6.3.2.1. Note: For short, permanently connected leads the movement of the clamp (as described in 6.2.3) is limited by the length of the lead. 6.3.2.3 In addition, measurement shall be made as above but with the current transformer of the clamp pointing towards any auxiliary apparatus, unless this auxiliary apparatus is not needed for the operation of the main appliance and a separate test procedure for it is specified elsewhere (no disconnection or r.f. isolation of other leads is of course necessary in this case). 6.4 Assessment of measuring results The measured power is derived from the maximum indicated value found at each frequency of measurement and the calibration curve of the absorbing clamp (see also the example given in Annex B of GB/T 6113.103-2008). 7 Operating conditions and interpretation of results When measurements of disturbance are being made, the appliance shall be operated under the following conditions: 7.1 General 7.1.1 Normal load conditions shall be as defined in 7.2 and 7.3, unless these are in conflict with the manufacturer's instruction for use, which in such cases take precedence. Where appliances are not covered by these subclauses, the manufacturer's instruction for use shall be followed. 7.1.2 The duration of operation is not restricted unless the appliance is marked accordingly. In this case the limitations shall be complied with. 7.1.3 No running-in time to be specified but, prior to testing, the appliance shall be operated for a sufficient period to ensure that the conditions of operation will be typical of those during normal life of the equipment. Running-in of motors shall be carried out by the manufacturer. 7.1.4 The appliances shall be operated from a supply that provides the rated voltage and the rated frequency of the appliance. A test at about 160 kHz and at about 50 MHz shall be made over a range of 0.9 to 1.1 times the rated voltage in order to check whether the level of disturbance varies considerably with the supply voltage; in which case, the measurements are to be made at the voltage that causes maximum disturbance. If an appliance has a rated voltage range, the multipliers 0.9 and 1.1 apply to the lowest and highest, most common nominal supply voltages that fall within the rated voltage range that is specified by the manufacturer. Note: The most common nominal supply voltages are 100 V, 110 V, 115 V, 120 V, 127 V, 220 V, 230 V, 240 V and 250 V. If an appliance has more than one rated voltage the multipliers 0.9 and 1.1 apply to the rated voltage that causes maximum disturbance. For appliances with a frequency range of 50 Hz to 60 Hz, a test at about 160 kHz and at about 50 MHz shall be made using supply frequencies of 50 Hz and 60 Hz at the above determined supply voltage, in order to check whether the level of disturbance varies considerably with the supply frequency; in which case, the measurements are to be made at the supply frequency which causes maximum disturbance. 7.1.5 Speed controls with a limited number of fixed positions are to be adjusted to approximately average and to maximum speed, the higher reading to be registered if there is no instruction to the contrary in this part. Apparatus which incorporate electronic regulating controls shall have the controls adjusted for maximum disturbance in accordance with the procedure outlined in 7.2.6.1, in both frequency ranges 148.5 kHz to 30 MHz and 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz. If the setting of continuously adjustable controls, which are not designed for frequent adjustment in normal use, has been pre-set, it shall not be adjusted during the test. 7.1.6 The ambient temperature shall lie within the range 15 ℃ to 35 ℃. 7.2 Operating conditions for particular equipment and integrated parts 7.2.1 Multifunction equipment Multifunction equipment which is subjected simultaneously Foreword i Introduction iv 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Limits of disturbance 5 Methods of measurement of terminal disturbance voltages (148.5 kHz to 30 MHz) 6 Methods of measurement of disturbance power (30 MHz to 300 MHz) 7 Operating conditions and interpretation of results 8 Interpretation of CISPR radio disturbance limit 9 Methods of measurement of radiated emission (30 MHz to 1,000 MHz) 10 Measurement uncertainty Annex A (Normative) Limits of disturbance caused by the switching operations of specific appliances when the formula 20 lg (30/N) is applicable Annex B (Normative) Requirements for induction cooking appliances Annex C (Informative) Example of the use of the upper quartile method to determine compliance with disturbance limits (see 7.4.2.6) Annex D (Informative) Guidance notes for the measurement of discontinuous disturbance (clicks) Bibliography Figure 1 Graphical representation of the limits of household appliances and electric tools (see 4.1.1) Figure 2 Graphical representation of the limits of regulating controls (see 4.1.1) Figure 3 Examples of discontinuous disturbances classified as clicks (see 3.2) Figure 4 Examples of discontinuous disturbance for which the limits of continuous disturbance apply (see 4.2.2.1) Figure 5 Measuring arrangement for regulating controls (see 5.2.4) Figure 6 Arrangement for measurement of disturbance voltage produced at the fence terminal of electric fence energizers (see 7.3.7.2) Figure 7 Measuring arrangement for toys running on tracks Figure 8 Application of the artificial hand (see 5.1.4 and 5.2.2.2) Figure 9 Flow diagram for measurements of discontinuous disturbance (see Annex D) Figure 10 Flow chart for emission testing of mains operated appliances in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz Figure 11 Flow chart for emission testing of battery-operated appliances in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz Table 1 Terminal voltage limits for the frequency range 148.5 kHz to 30 MHz Table 2a Disturbance power limits for the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz Table 2b margin when performing disturbance power measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz Table 3 Radiated disturbance limits and testing methods for the frequency range 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz Table 4 General margin to the limit for statistical evaluation Table 5 Factor k for the application of the non-central t-distribution Table 6 Application of the binomial distribution Table A.1 Examples of appliances and application of limits according to 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 for which the click rate N is derived from the number of clicks Table A.2 Examples of appliances and application of limits for which the click rate N is derived from the number of switching operations and the factor f as mentioned in the relevant operating conditions Table B.1 Terminal voltage limits for induction cooking appliances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz Table B.2 Magnetic field strength limits for induction cooking appliances intended for commercial use Table B.3 Limits of the magnetic field induced current in a 2 m loop antenna for induction cooking appliances for domestic use 家用电器、电动工具和类似器具的 电磁兼容要求 第1部分：发射 1 范围 1.1 本部分适用于其主要功能由电动机、开关或调节装置、或感应炊具用射频发生器实现的器具产生的射频传导和辐射骚扰。 这些器具包括：家用电器、电动工具、使用半导体装置的调节控制器、电动机驱动的电气医疗设备、电玩具、自动售货机以及电影或幻灯投影仪。电网供电器具和电池供电器具均包括在本部分使用范围内。 包括在本部分范围内的还有： ——上述提及设备的单独部件，诸如电动机、开关装置如(电源或保护)继电器，如果本部分中未提及，则对这些单独部件没有发射要求。 不包括在本部分范围内的有： ——在其他国家标准中明确地提出其射频范围内所有发射要求的设备。 注1：例子如下： ——灯具、包括便携式儿童用灯具，放电灯具和其他照明装置：CISPR 15； ——音像设备和电子乐器，玩具除外：CISPR 13和CISPR 20(见7.3.5.4.2)； ——电网通讯装置，包括婴儿监视系统：IEC 61000-3-8； ——产生和使用射频能量用于加热(感应炊具除外)和治疗目的的设备：CISPR 11； ——微波炉：CISPR 11(但应注意1.3关于多功能设备)； ——信息技术设备，如家用电脑、个人计算机，电子复印机：GB／T 9254—2008； ——用在机动车辆上的电子设备：CISPR 12； ——无线电控制器、对讲机和其他类型的无线电发射装置，包括使用在玩具中； ——弧焊设备：CISPR 11。 ——装有额定输入电流每相大于25 A的半导体装置的调节控制器和带有该种调节控制器的设备。 ——单独使用的电源。 注2：由机动车辆、船舶或飞机等供电系统供电的玩具不包含在本部分的范围内。 注3：在感应炊具从GB 4824的适用范围移除之前，可以选择GB 4824或本部分之一进行符合性判定。 1.2 覆盖的频率范围为9 kHz～400 GHz。 1.3 同时适用本部分不同条款和／或其他标准的多功能设备在使用相关功能时应满足每一条款／标准的要求(详见7.2.1)。 1.4 本部分的限值是在概率的基础上确定的，它能使骚扰抑制保持在经济合理的水平，同时仍能达到足够的射频保护。在特殊情况下，即使符合限值，仍可能会有射频的干扰发生。在此情况下可能需要附加规定。 1.5 与器具安全性能有关的电磁现象的影响不包括在本部分的范围内。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB／T 4365—2003 电工术语 电磁兼容[IEC 60050(161)：1990，IDT] GB／T 6113.103—2008 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范 第1—3部分：无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备 辅助设备 骚扰功率(CISPR 16-1-3：2004，IDT) GB／T 6113.402—2006 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范 第4-2部分：不确定度、统计学和限值建模 测量设备和设施的不确定度(CISPR 16-4-2：2003，IDT) GB 7000.4—2007 灯具 第2-10部分：特殊要求 儿童用可移式灯具(IEC 60598-2-10：2003，IDT) GB 7000.204—2008 灯具 第2-4部分：特殊要求 可移式通用灯具(IEC 60598-2-4：1997，IDT) GB／T 9254—2008 信息技术设备的无线电骚扰和测量方法(CISPR 22：2006，IDT) IEC 60335-2-76：2002 家用和类似用途电器的安全 电围栏激励器的特殊要求(Household and similar electrical appliances—Safety—Part 2-76：Particular requirements for electric fence energizers) IEC 61000-4-20：2003 电磁兼容 试验和测量技术 横电磁波(TEM)波导中的发射和抗扰度试验[Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)一Part 4-20：Testing and measurement techniques—Emission and immunity testing in transverse electromagnetic(TEM) waveguides] CISPR 15：2000 电气照明和类似设备的无线电骚扰特性的限值和测量方法(Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics electrical lighting and similar equipment) CISPR 16-1-1：2003 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范 第1-1部分 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备 测量设备(Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatu-sand methods—Part 1-1：Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus—Measuringapparatus) CISPR 16-1-2：2003 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范 第1-2部分：无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备 辅助设备 传导骚扰(Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatusand methods—Part 1-2：Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus—Ancil-laryequipment—Conducted disturbances) CISPR 16-1-4：2007 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范 第1-4部分：无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备 辅助设备 辐射骚扰(Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods—Part 1-4：Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus—Ancillary equipment—Radiated disturbances) CISPR 16-2-1：2003 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范 第2-1部分：无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量方法 传导骚扰测量(Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring appara-tusand methods—Part 2-1：Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity—Conducteddis-turbance measurements) CISPR 16-2-2：2003 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范 第2-2部分：无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量方法 骚扰功率测量(Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring appara-tusand methods—Part 2-2：Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity—Measurement of disturbance power) CISPR 16-2-3：2006 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范 第2-3部分：无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量方法 辐射骚扰测量(Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods—Part 2-3：Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity—Radiated disturbance measurements) 3 术语和定义 GB／T 4365—2003界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 CISPR 16-2-1或CISPR 16-2-2中界定的下列术语和定义 参考地 reference ground 受试设备(EUT) equipment under test(EUT) 电平 level 加权 weighting 3.2 喀呖声 click 一种骚扰，幅度超过连续骚扰准峰值限值，持续时间不大于200 ms，而且后一个骚扰离前一个骚扰至少200 ms。持续时间由超过测量接收机中频参考电平的信号确定。 一个喀呖声可能包含许多脉冲；在这种情况下，相关时间是从第一个脉冲开始到最后一个脉冲结束的时间。 注：在一定条件下，某些类型的骚扰不包括在此定义内(见4.2.3)。 3.3 中频参考电平 i.f.reference level 产生的准峰值指示值等于连续骚扰限值的未调制正弦信号在测量接收机的中频输出端产生的相应值。 3.4 开关操作 switching operation 开关或触点的一次分断或闭合。 注：不依赖于是否观察到喀呖声。 3.5 最小观察时间 minimum observation time T 当计数喀呖声(或相关开关操作数)时，为了统计判断每单位时间的喀呖声数(或开关操作数)提供足够稳定数据所需的最小时间(也见7.4.2.1)。 3.6 喀呖声率 click rate N 一般指1 min内的喀呖声数或开关操作数，此数字用来确定喀呖声限值(也见7.4.2.3)。 3.7 喀呖声限值 click limit Lq 由4.1.1给出的用准峰值检波器测量时连续骚扰的相应限值L，加上由喀呖声率N确定的一个定值(见4.2.2.2)。 喀呖声限值适用于按上四分位法评定的骚扰。 3.8 上四分位法 upper quartile method 在观察时间T内记录的喀呖声数的四分之一允许超过喀呖声限值Lq。 在开关操作的情况下，在观察时间内记录的开关操作数的四分之一允许产生超过喀呖声限值Lq的喀呖声(也见7.4.2.6)。 3.9 玩具 toy 预期供14岁以下儿童玩耍的产品。 玩具可以包括电机、发热元件、电子电路和它们三者的组合。 玩具的供电电压不应该超过交流(有效值)或无纹波直流24 V，且可由电池或适配器或安全变压器连接到市电电源上进行供电。 注：玩具用的变压器、转换器和充电器不认为是玩具的一部分(见IEC 61558-2-7)。 3.10 电池玩具 battery toy 包含或使用一个或多个电池作为唯一电源的玩具。 3.11 变压器玩具 transformer toy 通过一个玩具变压器和供电网络相连接，并以此作为唯一电源的玩具。 3.12 双电源玩具 dual supply toy 能同时或交替作为电池玩具和变压器玩具运行的玩具。 3.13 电池盒 battery box 独立于玩具或器具并能容纳电池的隔间。 3.14 安全隔离变压器 safety isolating transformer。 用于给器具或电路提供安全特低电压，且至少用与双重绝缘或加强绝缘等效的绝缘将其输入绕组与输出绕组进行电气隔离的变压器。 3.15 玩具用安全变压器 safety transformer for toys 专门设计供玩具在不超过24 V的安全特低电压下运行的安全隔离变压器。 注：变压器单元可以分别或同时输出交流或直流电。 3.16 装配型玩具 constructional kit 用于组装成不同玩具的成套电气、电子或机械部件。 3.17 试验型玩具 experimental kit 用于组装成不同组合的成套电气或电子元件。 注：试验装置主要目的是通过试验和研究促进知识的获得。它不是用来创造一个玩具或其他特殊使用的设备。 3.18 功能型玩具 functional toy 额定电压不超过24 V，由成年人使用的器具或装置的模型玩具。 注：额定电压超过24 V，预期在成年人的直接监督下由儿童使用和在同样方式下作为器具或装置的模型的产品，被认为是功能型产品。 3.19 儿童用可移式灯具 portable luminaire for children 在正常使用情况下，连接着电源可从一处移至另一处的灯具，而且灯具设计所提供的安全程度超过符合GB 7000.204的可移式通用灯具。 注：儿童用可移式灯具是为使用时可能没有适合的人监护的儿童设计的。 [GB 7000.4—2007，定义3.1] 3.20 影像玩具 video toy 包含一个屏幕和操作机构的玩具，通过操作机构儿童可以游戏并与屏幕显示图片互动。 注：所有用于影像玩具运行的必需部件，例如控制盒，游戏杆、键盘、监视器及连接件，认为是玩具的一部分。 3.21 电子线路 electronic circuit 至少包含一个电子元件的电路。 3.22 电子元件 electronic component 主要通过电子在真空、气体或半导体中的运动实观传导的部件。 注：电子元件不包括电阻、电容和电感。 3.23 玩具的正常操作 normal operation of toys 当接至推荐的电源，玩具按照预定的或可预知的方式，同时不要忘了儿童的正常行为，进行玩耍的条件。 3.24 时钟频率 clock frequency 装置中使用的任何信号的基波频率，集成电路(IC)内单独使用的信号除外。 注；高频通常由集成电路(IC)外的较低时钟振荡频率通过集成电路(IC)内的锁相环(PLL)电路产生。 3.25 电池供电器具 battery-operated appliance 仅由电池供电，且无论直接或通过供电设备连接到电网都不能执行其预期功能的器具。 注1：玩具不认为是器具。 注2：能够充电但在充电期间不能执行其预期功能的器具被认为是电池供电器具。 3.26 电网供电器具 mains-operated appliance 除电池供电器具外的所有器具。 注：玩具不认为是器具。 4 骚扰限值 不必对148.5 kHz以下及1 000 MHz以上的射频骚扰进行测量。感应炊具的要求由附录B给出。 4.1 连续骚扰 带换向器电动机以及装在家用电器、电动工具和类似器具内的其他装置可能会引起连续骚扰。 连续骚扰可能是宽带的，如机械开关、换向器和半导体调节器等开关装置引起的；也可能是窄带的，如微处理器等电子控制装置引起的。 注：本部分中不用“宽带骚扰”和“窄带骚扰”的概念，有关两种骚扰的差别，由使用的检波器类型确定。为此，分别规定了用准峰值检波器和平均值检波器测量的限值(见5.1.1和6.1.1)。 4.1.1 频率范围为148.5 kHz～30 MHz(端子电压) 注：世界无线电通讯行政大会(WARC)在1979年已将1区的频率下限降低至148.5 kHz；对于本部分范围内的应用，认为在150 kHz的测试已足够了，因为148.5 kHz落在接收机的带宽之内。 端子骚扰电压的限值由表1给出。按照第5章，在每一个端子与地之间进行骚扰电压的测量。 端子是适用于与外部电路进行可重复使用的电气连接的导电部件。 4.1.1.1 除电动工具外的所有器具，电源的相线和中线端子都应符合第2栏和第3栏的限值。 4.1.1.2 对器具的附加端子以及装有半导体装置的调节控制器的负载和附加端子，适用第4栏和第5栏“附加端子”给出的放宽限值。 既可作为电源端子也可作为负载／附加端子的端子应符合电源端子的限值。 不能由使用者轻易延长(永久连接，或带有专用连接器)，长度短于2 m，用于将辅助器具或装置与设备相连(例如半导体速度控制器，带有AC-DC转换器的电源插头)，这些引线无适用的端子电压限值。 在真空吸尘器的吸尘软管中的引线无适用的端子电压限值，即使其长度大于2 m。 注：在装有半导体装置的调节控制器的负载端和附加端子上的测量见5.2.4，在其他器具附加端子上的测量见5.2.3。 4.1.1.3 电动工具电源端子的特定限值按电动机的额定功率在第6栏至第11栏中给出，任何加热装置的功率(例如塑料焊接吹风机的加热功率)都除外。对于电动工具的负载端和附加端，适用第4栏和第5栏，没有进一步的放宽。 表1 频率范围为148.5 kHz～30 MHz的端子电压限值 (见图1和图2) 家用电器和产生类似骚扰的设备及装有半导体装置的调节控制器 频率范围 在电源端子上 在负载端子和附加端子上 1 2 3 4 5 MHz dB(μV) 准峰值 dB(μV) 平均值* dB(μV) 准峰值 dB(μV) 平均值* 0.15～0.50 随频率的对数线性减小 66～56 59～46 80 70 0.50～5 56 46 74 64 5～30 60 50 74 64 电动工具电源端子 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 频率范围 电动机额定功率≤700 W 700 W＜电动机额定 功率≤1 000 W 电动机额定功率＞1 000 W MHz dB(μV) 准峰值 dB(μV) 平均值a dB(μV) 准峰值 dB(μV) 平均值a dB(μV) 准峰值 dB(μV) 平均值a 0.15～0.35 随频率的对数线性减小 66～59 59～49 70～63 63～53 76～69 69～59 0.35～5 59 49 63 53 69 59 5～30 64 54 68 58 74 64 a 当使用带准峰值检波器接收机测量时，如果符合用平均值检波器测量的限值，则认为受试设备符合两种限值，不必要用带平均值检波器接收机进行测量。 注：使用平均值检波器的测量限值是暂定值，经过一段实践后可能会被修改。 4.1.1.4 电围栏激励器适用下述限值： a) 各类激励器的围栏端子(见表1第4栏和第5栏)； b) 设计用于连接至电源的激励器的电源端子(见表1第2栏和第3栏)； c) 设计利用电池供电的激励器的电池端子(见表1第4栏和第5栏)。 但是，使用内置电池且不能接至电网的激励器的电池端子，或使用外置式电池，激励器与电池之间的连线短于2 m，且没有专用工具使用者不能轻易延长的激励器，无适用的限值。 按照IEC 60335-2-76：2002，D型激励器应在带电池供电且电池与激励器之间的连接线长于2 m时进行测量。 注：实际上，由于高压放电，电围栏线也是一个有源骚扰源，特别是对广播和通讯网络。电围栏激励器的制造商应向使用者说明排除诸如接触植被和围栏线损坏等放电情况。 4.1.1.5 对于能够接到市电的电池驱动的器具(内置或外接电池)，电源端子适用表1的第2栏和第3栏的限值。 不能接到市电的内置电池器具不规定射频骚扰限值。 外接电池的器具，如果器具与电池间的连线短于2 m，则不规定任何限值。如果器具与电池间的连线长于2 m或者可由使用者不用专用工具就可延长，则这些导线适用表1第4栏和第5栏的限值。 4.1.2 频率范围为30 MHz～1 000 MHz 4.1.2.1 频率范围为30 MHz～300 MHz骚扰功率的测量 骚扰功率的限值由表2a给出。骚扰功率应按第6章在所有端子进行测量。 表2a 频率范围为30 MHz～300 MHz的骚扰功率限值 家用及类似器具 电动工具 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 频率 范围 电动机额定功率≤700 W 700 W＜电动机额定 功率≤1 000 W 电动机额定功率 ＞1 000 W MHz dB(pW) 准峰值 dB(pW) 平均值a dB(pW) 准峰值 dB(pW) 平均值a dB(pW) 准峰值 dB(pW) 平均值a dB(pW) 准峰值 dB(pW) 平均值a 30～300 随频率线性增大 45～55 35～45 45～55 35～45 49～59 39～49 55～65 45～55 a 当使用带准峰值检波器接收机测量时，如果符合用平均值检波器测量的限值，则认为受试设备符合两种限值，不必要用带平均值检波器接收机进行测量。 表2b 频率范围为30 MHz～300 MHz的骚扰功率测量裕量 家用及类似器具 电动工具 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 频率 范围 电动机额定功率≤700 W 700 W＜电动机额定 功率≤1 000 W 电动机额定功率 ＞1 000 W MHz dB(pW) 准峰值 dB(pW) 平均值 dB(pW) 准峰值 dB(pW) 平均值 dB(pW) 准峰值 dB(pW) 平均值 dB(pW) 准峰值 dB(pW) 平均值 200～300 随频率线性增大 0～10 dB — 0～10 dB — 0～10 dB — 0～10 dB — 注1：此表仅适用于4.1.2.3.2规定的情况。 注2：特定频率的测量结果应小于相应限值减去对应的裕量(在该频率上)。 4.1.2.2 频率范围为30 MHz～1 000 MHz辐射骚扰的测量 辐射骚扰限值由表3给出。根据表3中给出的标准和试验方法进行辐射骚扰的测量。 表3 频率范围为30 MHz～1 000 MHz的辐射骚扰限值和测量方法 测量方法 标准 频率范围 MHz 限值 dBμV／m 准峰值 备注 OATSa或SACb，d CISPR 16-2-3 30～230 230～300 30 37 测量距离10 m 300～1 000 37 FARe CISPR 16-2-3 30～230 230～1 000 42～35f 42 测量距离3 m TEM波导c IEC 61000-4-20 30～230 230～1 000 30 37 — 注：在转折频率处采用较低限值。 a OATS＝开阔试验场。 b SAC＝半电波暗室。 c TEM波导仅限于无电缆连接的设备，设备的最大尺寸应符合IEC 61000-4-20：2003中6.1的规定(在1 GHz测量频率下，受试设备的最大尺寸为一个波长，即300 mm)。 d 可在较近的距离进行测量，最低至3 m。应使用20 dB／10倍距离的反比因子，将测量数据归一化到规定的距离以确定其符合性。 e FAR＝全电波暗室。所有器具，包括落地式器具，应在CISPR 16-2-3：2006中图6所描述的测试空间内进行测试。 f 随频率的对数线性减小。 当有必要对原始测量结果进行验证时，应使用原始测量所用的测量方法和测量距离，以保证结果的一致性。 4.1.2.3 限值的应用 4.1.2.3.1 通用要求 本条款描述了所有器具限值的应用(见图10)。 装有半导体装置的调节控制器、电围栏激励器、整流器、电池充电器和变换器等，如果不包含任何高于9 kHz的时钟频率，则在30 MHz～1 000 MHz的频段内不规定限值。 4.1.2.3.2 电网供电器具 按照方法a)或b)，评估受试设备在30 MHz～1 000 MHz频段内的发射，参见图10： a) 在30 MHz～300 MHz的频段内，除电动工具外的任何器具应符合表2a第2栏和第3栏的限值。对电动工具，其特定限值按电动机的额定功率由表2a第4栏至第9栏给出，任何加热装置的功率(例如塑料焊接吹风机的加热功率)除外。 如同时满足以下条件1)和2)，则认为器具在300 MHz～1 000 MHz频段内符合要求。 1) 受试设备的所有发射值应低于应用限值(表2a)减去相应裕量(表2b)； 2) 最大时钟频率应小于30 MHz。 如不满足条件1)或2)的任一条，则应进行300 MHz～1 000 MHz频段的辐射测量，采用表3中该频段限值。在上述情况下，30 MHz～300 MHz频段应符合表2a的限值。 b) 符合表3限值。除了TEM波导法仅用于不打算连接外部电缆的电池供电器具，制造商可以选择表3提及的任一测量方法(见表3脚注c)。 测试报告应注明采用的测量方法和限值。 4.1.2.3.3 电池供电器具 对所有电池供电器具，在30 MHz～1 000 MHz频段内，适用表3的限值(见图11)。除了TEM波导仅用于不打算连接外部电缆的电池供电器具，制造商可以选择表3的任一测量方法。 测试报告应注明采用的测量方法和限值。如果电池供电器具不含有源电子线路或电动机，则不需要测量，即认为满足要求。 注：有源电子线路的例子包括含有晶体管、晶闸管和继电器的电路。以通过手动开关连接到电池的LED为例，当电流仅通过一个电阻或工作在线性区的晶体管进行限定时，则该LED不是有源电子电路；当电流通过晶体管进行脉冲调制时，则该LED是有源开关电路。 4.2 断续骚扰 恒温控制的器具，程序自动控制的机器和其他电气控制或操作的器具的开关操作会产生断续骚扰。断续骚扰的主观影响随着在音像中出现的重复率和幅度而变化。因此，应区别不同类型的断续骚扰。 断续骚扰仅用5.1.1提及的和CISPR 16-1-1：2003中第4章规定的准峰值检波器接收机测量。 参见附录C导则。 4.2.1 断续骚扰限值主要依赖于骚扰特性和喀呖声率N，详见4.2.2和4.2.3。 在30 MHz～1 000 MHz频段不规定断续骚扰限值。 注：30 MHz以下的骚扰电平被认为是表明了30 MHz以上的骚扰电平。 4.2.2 频率范围为148.5 kHz～30 MHz(端子电压) 4.2.2.1 表1的限值也适用于产生下列断续骚扰的所有器具： a) 除喀呖声以外的骚扰，或 b) 喀呖声率大于或等于30的喀呖声。 在4.2.3中规定的器具除外。 注：适用连续骚扰限值的断续骚扰的例子如图4的a)和b)所示。 4.2.2.2 对于断续骚扰，喀呖声限值Lq是在有关连续骚扰限值L(4.1.1中给出)上增加： 44 dB N＜0.2，或 20 lg(30／N)dB 0.2≤N＜30 注：分类为喀呖声的断续骚扰的例子如图3的a)，b)和c)所示。 并见附录A的表A.1和表A.2。 4.2.2.3 喀呖声限值Lq要求喀呖声率N用第7章规定的运行条件和结果说明来确定。 4.2.3 喀呖声定义的例外情况 在一定条件下，某些类型的断续骚扰不包括在喀呖声定义(见3.2)内。 本条款包含的这些例外，再结合4.2.1和4.2.2，适用于所有类型的器具。图9显示了在确认过程中如何考虑这些条件的流程图。 产品的特殊放宽包含在附录A中，其中也包括表A.2，一个通过计算开关操作数来确定喀呖声率N的器具列表。 4.2.3.1 单个开关操作 由装在器具内或者为下述目的使用的开关或控制器上直接或间接的，手动或类似动作引起的单个开关操作的骚扰，从测试器具符合本部分射频骚扰限值的目的出发是可以忽略的： a) 只有接通或断开电源的作用； c) 只有程序选择的作用； d) 通过在有限的固定位置间的开关切换进行能量或速度控制； e) 如脱水的变速装置或电子温控器的可连续调节控制器的人工设定的变化。 符合本条的开关例子是器具(包括用脚起动)的接通／断开开关，例如电动打字机的开关，热风机和吹风机的加热和气流控制的人工开关以及碗橱、衣柜或冰箱的间接操作开关和感应操作开关等。经常地重复操作的开关不包括在内，如缝纫机、计算机、焊接设备的开关等[见7.2.3和7.3.2.4的c)]。 通过操作装在器具内只是为了安全地切断电源用的任何开关装置或控制器而引起的骚扰，从测试器具符合本部分射频骚扰限值的目的出发是可以忽略的。 4.2.3.2 时帧小于600 ms的喀呖声组合 对于程序控制的器具，在每一个选择的程序周期允许有一个时帧小于600 ms的喀呖声组合。 对于其他器具，在最小观察时间内允许有这样的一个喀呖声组合。这也适用于恒温控制的三相开关在三相中的每相和中线中相继引起的三个骚扰，这些喀呖声的组合被认为是一个喀呖声。 4.2.3.3 瞬时开关 符合下列条件的器具： ——喀呖声率不大于5； ——没有持续时间长于20 ms的喀呖声； ——90％的喀呖声持续时间小于10 ms。 被认为满足限值要求，而与喀呖声的幅度(见表A.1和A.2)无关。如果其中有一个条件不符合，则应用4.2.2的限值。 4.2.3.4 喀呖声间隔时间小于200 ms 对于喀呖声率小于5的器具，任何两个持续时间最多为200 ms的骚扰应评定为两个喀呖声，即使骚扰之间的间隔小于200 ms。 在这种情况下，例如图4的b)所示观测到的冷藏箱的骚扰，应判定为两个喀呖声，而不是连续骚扰。 5 端子骚扰电压的测量方法(148.5 kHz～30 MHz) 本章列出了器具端子骚扰电压测量的一般要求。 运行条件由本部分第7章给出。 5.1 测量装置 使用下列给出的测量装置： 5.1.1 测量接收机 准峰值检波器接收机应符合CISPR 16-1-1：2003中第4章的规定；平均值检波器接收机应符合CISPR 16-1-1：2003中第6章的规定。 注：两种检波器可装在同一个接收机内，可以分别用准峰值检波器或平均值检波器进行测量。 5.1.2 人工电源网络 V型人工电源网络是为受试器具的端子与参考地之间提供一个规定的高频阻抗，同时把电源中无用的射频信号与测试电路隔离开。 使用CISPR 16-1-2：2003中第4章规定的50 Ω／50 μH(或50 Ω／50 μH＋5 Ω)的V型人工电源网络。 为保证在测量频率上电网阻抗不会对V型人工电源网络的阻抗产生严重影响，在V型人工电源网络和电网之间应插入一个适当的射频阻抗。这个阻抗也将减少电网上存在的无用信号的影响(也见5.3)。 V型人工电源网络与测量接收机之间用特性阻抗为50 Ω的同轴电缆连接。 5.1.3 电压探头 当测量不是在电源端子(见5.2.3.2)而是在其他端子上，如负载或控制端子(见5.2.4.4)，则使用电压探头。当不能使用人工电源网络而且对受试器具或试验设备没有不良影响时，也可在电源端子上使用电压探头测量，例如测量每相电流大于25 A的电动机和加热装置。 电压探头由电阻值至少为1 500 Ω的电阻器串联一个电抗值相对于电阻值可忽略(在150 kHz～30 MHz范围内)的电容器组成(见CISPR 16-1-2：2003中5.2)。 测量值应按探头与测量装置之间的电压分配校正。此校正只考虑纯电阻部分。 如果探头阻抗值太低，影响到受试器具的正常工作，则应按需要提高探头阻抗值(在50／60 Hz和射频)(例如15 kΩ串联500 pF)。 5.1.4 模拟手 为了模拟使用者手的影响，对手持式设备在骚扰电压测量的过程中需要使用模拟手。 模拟手由连接至220 pF±20％的电容器串联510 Ω±10％的电阻器组成的RC元件的一端(M端)的金属箔组成[见图8的a)]；RC元件的另一端接到测量系统的参考地(见CISPR 16-1-2：2003)。模拟手的RC元件可装在人工电源网络的内部。 5.1.5 断续骚扰分析仪 断续骚扰测量设备应符合CISPR 16-1-1：2003中第10章的规定。只要准确度足够，可以采用示波器的替代方法。 注：对于骚扰持续时间的测量参见CISPR 16-1-1：2003。 5.2 测量程序和布置 5.2.1 受试器具引线的布置 注：关于电气器具与测量设备的连接，在CISPR 16-2-1：2003第5章和附录A中给出更多的信息。 5.2.1.1 电源引线 在所有的端子电压(电源端子或其他端子)骚扰测量中，V型人工电源网络应连接到电源端以提供一个规定的终端。如5.2.2中所述，V型网络的位置应与器具相距0.8 m。 骚扰电压通常在引线的插头末端进行测量。 如果受试器具的电源引线超过连接到V型人工电源网络所需的长度，应将超出0.8 m的部分平行于电源引线来回折叠形成一个长0.3 m～0.4 m之间的水平线束。如果事关禁止销售或取消型式认可方面的争论时，可用1 m长类似质量的引线代替电源引线。 如果所要测量的引线短于器具与V型人工电源网络之间要求的距离，引线应延长到必要的长度。 如果受试器具的电源引线中有接地导线，接地导线的插头末端应与测量装置的参考地连接。 当需要接地导线，而接地导线又不包含在电源引线内时，应用引线将受试器具的接地端与测量装置的参考地连接，引线长度不超过连接到V型人工电源网络所需的长度，且引线应与电源引线平行，相距不超过0.1 m。 如果器具没有提供电源引线，应用不超过1 m的引线(包括插头或插座)将器具与V型人工电源网络连接。 5.2.1.2 其他引线 除非本部分中有其他描述，连接器具和辅助装置的引线和连接调节控制器或电池供电器具的电池的引线应按照5.2.1.1处理。 5.2.2 受试器具的布置及其与V型人工电源网络的连接 5.2.2.1 通常不接地的非手持式器具 器具应放置在尺寸至少为2 m×2 m的接地导电平面上方0.4 m，与V型人工电源网络之间的距离为0.8 m，并且与其他接地导电表面保持至少0.8 m的距离。如果测量在屏蔽室内进行，0.4 m的距离可以指到屏蔽室的任一墙面。 由于设计和／或自重原因，使用时经常放在地上的器具(即落地式器具)应同样满足上述规定。 但是： ——器具应放置在水平金属接地平板上(参考接地平板)，但用高度为0.1 m±25％的非金属支撑隔开(例如平板架)； ——引线应沿着受试器具向下至非金属支撑面高度水平地连接到V型人工电源网络； ——V型人工电源网络应与参考接地平板有良好的连接(见CISPR 16-2-1：2003)； ——参考接地平板至少超出受试器具边缘0.5 m，尺寸至少为2 m×2 m。 |
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