Safety technical requirements of charger for electric bicycles
1 Scope
This document specifies the electric shock protection types, safety, signs, warnings and the technical requirements on the instructions in connection with the charger for electric bicycles, and describes the corresponding test methods.
This document is applicable to chargers for electric bicycles complying with GB 17761.
This document is not applicable to charging facilities such as on-board chargers, charging/swapping cabinets, charging piles and fast charging stations of electric bicycles.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1002 Single phase plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Types, basic parameters and dimensions
GB/T 2099.1 Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 2423.1 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test methods - Tests A: Cold
GB/T 2423.2 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test methods - Tests B: Dry heat
GB/T 2423.3 Environmental testing - Part 2: Testing method - Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
GB/T 2423.10-2019 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB 4343.1 Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements for household appliances electric tools and similar apparatus - Part 1: Emission
GB 4706.1-2005 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
GB 4943.1-2022 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB/T 5013.1 Rubber insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 5169.11-2017 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT)
GB/T 5169.16-2017 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 16: Test flames - 50W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
GB/T 5169.21-2017 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 21: Abnormal heat - Ball pressure test method
GB/T 16935.1-2008 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests
GB 17625.1-2012 Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16A per phase)
GB 17761 Safety technical specification for electric bicycle
CISPR 16-2-3 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB 4706.1-2005 and the following apply.
Note: The terms "voltage" and "current" used in this document refer to the root-mean-square values (r.m.s) unless otherwise specified.
3.1
trickle charge
charge at a continuous low current [not greater than 0.03 ℃] that keeps the secondary cell or battery in an approximately fully charged state
3.2
rated input voltage
input voltage of the charger as specified by the manufacturer
3.3
rated input current
input current of the charger as specified by the manufacturer
Note: Generally, the input current before the end of the high efficient charging range of the charger is specified as the rated input current.
3.4
rated output voltage
DC output voltage of the charger as specified by the manufacturer
3.5
max output voltages
the highest output voltages of the charger as specified by the manufacturer
3.6
rated output current
DC output current of the charger as specified by the manufacturer
Note: Generally, the output current before the end of the high efficient charging range of the charger is specified as the rated output current.
3.7
supply cord
cord fixed to the charger for supplying alternating current to the charger
3.8
output cord
cord fixed to the charger for outputting alternating current to the charger
3.9
thermal runaway
a critical state during charging, in which the heat generated by the battery exceeds its heat dissipation capacity, resulting in a continuous increase in temperature, and then the damage of the battery
Note: In lithium ion batteries, thermal runaway may cause lithium melting.
3.10
high efficient charging range
range in which the battery is charged below the specified charging voltage of the cell, usually at a constant DC current
Note: In an environment of 25℃, the charging voltage of lead-acid cell is below 2.40 V, that of ternary lithium-ion cell and lithium manganate cell is below 4.10 V, and that of lithium iron phosphate cell is below 3.34 V.
[Source: GB/T 36944-2018, 3.11]
3.11
high voltage charging range
range in which the cell is charged at or above the specified charging voltage of the cell, usually at a constant DC voltage
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification by electric shock protection
5 Requirements
6 Test methods
7 Signs, warnings, and instructions
8 Implementation of the standard
Annex A (informative) Flow chart for transmission testing at 30 MHz -1,000 MHz band
Annex B (informative) Charger clearance and creepage testing examples
Annex C (informative) Circuit to test the charger
Annex D (informative) Immunity test method
Bibliography
