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This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 11951-1989 Textiles - Natural Fibres - Generic Names and Definitions and makes the following main changes with respect to GB/T 11951-1989:
——Standard name was modified;
——Standard scope was modified;
——"Fibres secreted by some molluscs" type was added in "animal fibre" (see 2.2 and 3.1.2);
——7 terminologies were added (see 3.1.1.3, 3.2.2.13, 3.2.2.14, 3.2.3.10~3.2.3.13);
——3 generic names were modified (see 3.1.1.1, 3.1.1.2 and 3.2.3.2; 3.1.1.1, 3.1.1.2 and 3.2.3.6 of 1989 edition);
——Generic names of 2 plants were modified (see 3.2.2.12 and 3.2.3.9; 3.2.2.8 and 3.2.3.4 of 1989 edition);
——"Wool" was changed to "sheep wool" and note was added (see 3.1.3.1; 3.1.2.1 of 1989 edition);
——"Alpaca wool" was change to "Alpaca hair", "guanaco wool" was changed to "guanaco hair", "llama wool" was changed to "llama hair", "vicuna wool" was changed to "vicuna hair" (see 3.1.3.2, 3.1.3.6, 3.1.3.7 and 3.1.3.9; 3.1.2.2, 3.1.2.6, 3.1.2.7 and 3.1.2.9 of 1989 edition);
——Terminology "Zhongwei goat wool" was deleted (3.1.2.12 of 1989 edition);
——Note of horsehair was added (see 3.1.3.15);
——Note of hemp was added (see 3.2.2.1);
——Note of "jute and allied fibres" was added in "fibres from bast" (see footnote c of 3.2.2);
——Annex A Chinese Index and Annex B English Index in original standard were deleted, and informative annex "Index Table for Terminologies and Common Names of Fibres" was added (see Annex A).
This standard has been redrafted and modified in relation to ISO 6938:2012 Textiles - Natural Fibres - Generic Names and Definitions.
The technical deviations between this standard and ISO 6938:2012 are as follows:
——Standard name was modified;
——3 terminologies were added (see 3.1.1.6~3.1.1.8);
——7 synonyms were added (see footnote b of 3.1.3, footnote b of 3.2.1, footnotes c~e of 3.2.2, footnotes b and c of 3.2.3);
——Note of hemp was added (see 3.2.2.1);
——Chapter 4 was revised to informative annex (see Annex A).
This standard was proposed by China Fiber Inspection Bureau.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of Technical Committee on Fiber of Standardization Administration of China (SAT/TC 513).
The previous edition of the standard replaced by this standard is as follows:
——GB/T 11951-1989.
Natural Fibres - Terminology
1 Scope
This standard gives the terminologies and definitions of the most important natural fibres for textiles according to their specific constitution or origin, the corresponding generic names and common names are provided.
This standard is applicable to natural fibre for textiles.
Note: see Annex A for the common names of various natural fibres defined in this standard.
2 Type of Natural Fibres
2.1 Natural Fibres
Natural fibres can be categorized according to their origin into animal, vegetable and mineral fibres.
2.2 Animal Fibres
These include in particular:
——fibres from silk glands, secreted by some insects, particularly by larvae of the lepidopter order, in the form of two filaments of fibroin cemented together by sericin.
——fibres secreted by some molluscs.
——fibres from hair follicles, with a multicellular structure, composed of keratin.
2.3 Vegetable Fibres
These include in particular:
——fibres from seeds: single-cell structure, generated by the epidermal cells of the seed, almost entirely constituted of cellulose.
——fibres from bast: fibres obtained from the bast of certain plants, mainly constituted of cellulose and accompanied with incrusting and intercellular materials (pectin bodies, hemicellulose, lignin).
——fibres from leaf: fibres obtained from leaves, constituted chiefly of cellulose plus incrusting and intercellular materials, consisting of lignin and hemicelluloses.
——fibres from fruit: fibres obtained from fruit, constituted chiefly of cellulose plus incrusting and intercellular materials, consisting of lignin and hemicelluloses.
2.4 Mineral Fibres
Mineral fibres are obtained from rocks of fibrous structure, constituted principally of silicates.
3 Terminologies and Definitions
3.1 Animal Fibres
3.1.1 See Table 1 for fibres from silk glands.
Table 1 Terminologies and Definitions of Fibres from Silk Glands
Number Terminologya Definition
3.1.1.1 SILK
(Soie) Fibre extruded by the silkworm Bombyx mori
3.1.1.2b TASAR
(Tasar) Fibre extruded by the silkworm Antheraea mylitta, Antheraea pernyi, An-theraea yarna-may, Antheraea roylei, Antheraea proylei.
3.1.1.3b MUGA
(Muga) Fibre extruded by the silkworm Antkeraea assamensis
3.1.1.4b ERI
(Éri) Fibre extruded by the silkworm Phylosamia ricini
3.1.1.5b ANAPHE
(Anaphe) Fibre extruded by the silkworm Anaphe
3.1.1.6b CASSAVA
(Manioc) Fibre extruded by the silkworm Philosamia Cynthia ricini
3.1.1.7b AILANTHUS
(Ailanthus) Fibre extruded by the silkworm Philosamia cynthia
3.1.1.8b CAMPHOR
(Camphre) Fibre extruded by the silkworm Eriogna pyretorum
a Names in brackets are equivalent French-language names.
b The terminologies relative to numbers 3.1.1.2 to 3.1.1.8 may be followed by the term “silk".
3.1.2 See Table 2 for fibres secreted by some molluscs.
Table 2 Terminologies and Definitions of Fibres secreted by Some Molluscs
Number Terminologya Definition
3.1.2.1 BYSSUS
(Hyssus) Fibre extruded from some molluscs Pinna nobilis
a Names in brackets are equivalent French-language names.
3.1.3 See Table 3 for fibres from hair follicles.
Table 3 Terminologies and Definitions of Fibres from Hair Follicles
Number Terminologya Definition
3.1.3.1 WOOLb
(Laine) Fibre from sheep or lamb of the genus Ovis arics
3.1.3.2c ALPACA
(Alpaga) Fibre from alpaca Lama pacos
3.1.3.3c ANGORA
(Angora) Fibre from angora rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus
3.1.3.4c CASHMERE
(Cachemire) Fibre from cashmere goat Capra hircus laniger
3.1.3.5c CAMEL
(Chameau) Fibre from camel Camelus bactianus
3.1.3.6c GUANACO
(Guanaco) Fibre from guanaco Lama huanaco
3.1.3.7c LLAMA
(Lama) Fibre from llama Lama glama
3.1.3.8c MOHAIR
(Mohair) Fibre from angora goat Capra hircus aegagrus
3.1.3.9c VICUNA
(Vigogne) Fibre from vicuna Lama vicugna
3.1.3.10c YAK
(Yack) Fibre from yak Bos (Poephagus) grunniens
3.1.3.11d COW
(Boeuf) Fibre from common ox Bos taurus
3.1.3.12c BEAVER
(Castor) Fibre from beaver Castor canadensis
3.1.3.13d DEER
(Daim) Fibre from deer Genus cegvus
3.1.3.14d GOAT
(Chèvre) Fibre from common goat Genus capra
3.1.3.15d HORSEe
(Cheval) Fibre from horse Equus caballus
3.1.3.16d RABBIT
(Lapin) Fibre from common rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus
3.1.3.17d HARE
(Lievre) Fibre from hare Lepus europaeus and Lepus timidus
3.1.3.18c OTTER
(Loutre) Fibre from otter Lutra lutra
3.1.3.19d NUTRIA
(Myocastor) Fibre from coypu Myocastor coypus
3.1.3.20d SEAL
(Phoque) Fibre from seal Family pinnipedia
3.1.3.21d MUSKRAT
(Rat musqué) Fibre from muskrat Fiber zibathicus
3.1.3.22d REINDEER
(Renne) Fibre from reindeer Genus rangifer
3.1.3.23d MINK
(Vison) Fibre from mink Musstela (Lutreola) vison
3.1.3.24d MARTEN
(Martre) Fibre from marten Mustela mattes
3.1.3.25d SABLE
(Zibeline) Fibre from sable Mustela zibellina
3.1.3.26d WEASEL
(Belette) Fibre from weasel Mustela misalis
3.1.3.27d BEAR
(Ours) Fibre from bear Ursus artctos
3.1.3.28d ERMINE
(Hermine) Fibre from ermine Mustela eminea
3.1.3.29d ARTIC FOX
(Renard arctique) Fibre Irons artic fox Vulpus lagopus, Canis isatis
a Names in brackets are equivalent French-language names.
b Synonym: fleece.
c The terminologies relative to numbers 3.1.3.2 to 3.1.3.10, 3.1.3.12 and 3.1.3.18 may be followed by the term "wool" and/or "hair".
d The terminologies relative to numbers 3.1.3.11 to 3.1.3.29, except 3.1.3.12 and 3.1.3.18, may be followed by the term "hair".
e Horse-hair fibre coming from the mane or the tail of the horse; horse-coat fibre coming from the coat of the horse.
3.2 Vegetable Fibres
3.2.1 See Table 4 for fibres from seeds.
Table 4 Terminologies and Definitions of Fibres from Seeds
Number Terminologya Definition
3.2.1.1 COTTON
(Coton) Single-cell fibre from the seed of plants of the Gossypium
3.2.1.2 AKUND
(Akund) Fibre from the seeds of Calotropis gigantea and Calotropis procera
3.2.1.3 KAPOKb
(Kapok) Single-cell fibre from the seed pods of the kapok tree Ceiba pentandra
a Names in brackets are equivalent French-language names.
b Synonym: gossampinus malabarica merr.
3.2.2 See Table 5 for fibres from bast.
Table 5 Terminologies and Definitions of Fibres from Bast
Number Terminologya Definition
3.2.2.1 HEMPb
(Chanvre) Fibre from the basts of Cannabis sativa
3.2.2.2 BROOM
(Genêt) Fibre from the basts of broom Cytisus scoparius and Spartium junceum
3.2.2.3 JUTEc
(Jute) Fibre from the basts of jute Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius
3.2.2.4 KENAFc,d
(Kénaf) Fibre from the basts of kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus
3.2.2.5 FLAX
(Lin) Fibre from the basts of flax Linum usitatissimum
3.2.2.6 RAMIE
(Ramie) Fibre from the basts of ramie Boehmeria nivea, Boehmeria tenacissima
3.2.2.7 ROSELLEc
(Roselle) Fibre from the basts of rosette Hibiscus sabdariffa
3.2.2.8 SUNN
(Sunn) Fibre from the basts of sunn Crotalaria juncea
3.2.2.9 URENAc
(Urène) Fibre from the basts of urena Urena lobata and Urena sinuata
3.2.2.10 ABUTILONc,e
(Abutilon) Fibre from the basts of Abutilon angulatum, Abutilon avicennae and Abutilon theophrasti
3.2.2.11 PUNGAc
(Punga) Fibre from the basts of Clappertonia ficifolia, Triumfelta cordifolia and Triumfetla rhomboidea
3.2.2.12 BLUISH DOGBANEf
(Bluish dogbane) Fibre from the basts of Apocynum androsae mifolium, Apocynum cannabinum
3.2.2.13 NETTLE
(Ortie) Fibre from the basts of Utica dioica
3.2.2.14 BAMBOO
(Bambou) Fibre from the basts of bamboo bambusa textilis
3.2.2.15 CASTOR
(Ricin) Fibre from the basts of Ricinus communis
a Names in brackets are equivalent French-language names.
b Called also "china-hemp and cannabis".
c Called also "jute and allied fibres".
d Synonym: ambari hemp and ambary.
e Synonym: chingma.
f Synonym: apocynum.
3.2.3 See Table 6 for fibres from leaf.
Table 6 Terminologies and Definitions of Fibres from Leaf
Number Terminologya Definition
3.2.3.1 ABACAb
(Abaca) Fibre from the leaves of Musa textilis
3.2.3.2 ALFA
(Aifa) Fibre from the leaves of Stipa tenacissima and Lygeum spartum
3.2.3.3 ALOE
(Aloes) Fibre from the leaves of Furcraea gigantea
3.2.3.4 FIQUE
(Fique) Fibre from the leaves of Furcraea macrophylla
3.2.3.5 HENEQUEN
(Henequen) Fibre from the leaves of Ageva fourcroydes
3.2.3.6 MAGUEY
(Maguey) Fibre from the leaves of Ageva cantala
3.2.3.7 PHORMIUM
(Phormium) Fibre from the leaves of Phormium tenax
3.2.3.8 SISALc
(Sisal) Fibre from the leaves of Agave sisalana
3.2.3.9 TAMPICO
(Tampico) Fibre from the leaves of Agave lechuguilla Torr
3.2.3.10 PALMA IXTLE
(Ixtle de Palma) Fibre from the leaves of Yucca carnerosana
3.2.3.11 PINEAPPLE LEAF (Feuilie d’ananas) Fibre from the leaves of Anannas comosus Merr
3.2.3.12 PITA
(Pita) Fibre from the leaves of Aechmea magdalenae
3.2.3.13 PEAT FIBRE
(Fibre de tourbe) Fibre from the leaf sheath of the plant Eriophorum vaginatum
a Names in brackets are equivalent French-language names.
b Synonym: Manila hemp.
c Synonym: agave rigida.
3.2.4 See Table 7 for fiibres from fruit.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Type of Natural Fibres
2.1 Natural Fibres
2.2 Animal Fibres
2.3 Vegetable Fibres
2.4 Mineral Fibres
3 Terminologies and Definitions
3.1 Animal Fibres
3.2 Vegetable Fibres
3.3 Mineral Fibres
Annex A (Informative) Index Table for Terminologies and Common Names of Fibres
