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Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. Chapters 1, 4 and 5, and annexes A to F of this standard are mandatory. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB 20073-2006 Performance and measurement method for braking of motorcycles and mopeds. The following main changes have been made with respect to GB 20073-2006: ——the scope is modified where the "vehicles with the maximum design speed less than 25 km/h" is deleted (see Chapter 1 hereof, Chapter 1 of 2006 edition); ——the normative references are modified (see Chapter 2 hereof, Chapter 2 of 2006 edition); ——the terms and definitions of service brake system, secondary brake system, single brake system, split service brake system, power-assisted braking system, antilock brake system, wheel lock, peak braking coefficient, Vmax, engine disconnected, initial brake temperature, lightly loaded, test speed, stopping distance, baseline test and fully cycling are added (see Chapter 3 hereof); ——the terms and definitions of component(s) of a braking device, unladen vehicle and wet brake are deleted (see 3.5, 3.8 and 3.9 of 2006 edition); ——the requirements for functions and characteristics of brake system are modified (see 4.2 and 4.3 hereof, 4.1.2 and 4.2 of 2006 edition); ——the requirements for brake master cylinder, warning light and friction lining, and the performance requirements for brake system are added (see 4.4 to 4.7 hereof); ——the requirements for test road, environmental conditions, test speed, automatic gearbox, vehicle position, wheel lock and test sequence, and the test methods are modified (see Chapter 5 hereof, A.1.2 and A.1.3 of 2006 edition); ——the methods and performance requirements for running-in test, dry brake test of separately operated brake control, dry brake test of simultaneously operated brake control, high-speed brake test, failure test of split service brake system, failure test of power-assisted braking system, and failure test of combined brake system are added (see Annexes A to E hereof); ——the method and performance requirements for type 0 test of engine disconnected, two-wheeled motorcycles and engine connected are deleted (see A.1.4.2 and A.1.4.3 of 2006 edition); ——the methods for wet brake test and fade test are modified (see A.3.4 and A.3.6 hereof, A.1.4.4 and A.1.6 of 2006 edition); ——the applicable scope, method and performance requirements for parking brake system test are modified (see A.3.5 hereof, A.2.3 of 2006 edition); ——the method and performance requirements for antilock brake system test are modified (see Annex B hereof, Annex B and Annex C of 2006 edition); ——the method for measurement of peak braking coefficient on the test surface is added and written as a normative annex of this standard (see Annex F hereof). This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. The previous editions of the standard replaced by this standard are as follows: ——GB 5382-1985; ——GB/T 5382.1-1996; ——GB 17355-1998; ——GB 20073-2006. Performance and measurement method for braking of motorcycles and mopeds 1 Scope This standard specifies requirements and test method for brake performance of motorcycles and mopeds. This standard is applicable to motorcycles and mopeds. This standard is not applicable to vehicles for the disabled. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 5359.4 Term for motorcycles and mopeds—Part 4: Mass of vehicle with two and three wheels GB/T 5378 Methods of road test for motorcycles and mopeds GB/T 15089-2001 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers ASTM E867 Terminology relating to vehicle-pavement systems ASTM E1136 Specification for a radial standard reference test tire ASTM F408 Test method for tires for wet traction in straight-ahead braking, using a towed trailer ASTM F457 Test method for speed and distance calibration of fifth wheel equipped with either analog or digital instrumentation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15089-2001 for Category L vehicles and the followings apply. 3.1 brake system a combination of components consisting of control, transmission, and brake, but excluding engine, whose function is to progressively reduce the speed of a moving vehicle, bring it to a halt, and keep it stationary when halted 3.2 control a part actuated directly by the rider in order to supply or control the energy required for braking the vehicle to the transmission 3.3 transmission a combination of components that provide the functional link between the control and the brake 3.4 brake parts of the brake system where the forces opposing the movement of the vehicle are developed 3.5 service brake system a brake system which slows down the vehicle when in motion 3.6 secondary brake system second service brake system on a vehicle equipped with a combined brake system 3.7 single brake system a brake system which acts on only one axle 3.8 combined brake system, CBS a) for two-wheeled mopeds (Category L1) and motorcycles (Category L3), a service brake system where at least two brakes on different wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control b) for three-wheeled mopeds (Category L2) and right three-wheeled motorcycles (Category L5), a service brake system where the brakes on all wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control c) for motorcycles with sidecar (Category L4), a service brake system where the brakes on at least the front and rear wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control. If the rear wheel and sidecar wheel are braked by the same brake system, this is regarded as the rear brake. 3.9 split service brake system, SSBS a brake system that operate the brakes on all wheels, consisting of two or more subsystems actuated by a single control designed so that a single failure in any subsystem (such as a leakage type failure of a hydraulic pipeline) does not impair the operation of any other subsystem 3.10 power-assisted braking system a brake system in which the energy necessary to produce the braking force is supplied by the physical effort of the rider assisted by one or more energy supplying devices, for example vacuum assisted braking system (with vacuum booster) 3.11 antilock brake system, ABS a system which senses wheel slip and automatically modulates the pressure producing the braking forces at the wheel(s) to limit the degree of wheel slip 3.12 wheel lock a condition that occurs when there is a slip ratio of 1.00 3.13 peak braking coefficient, PBC measure of tyre to road surface friction based on the maximum deceleration of a rolling tyre 3.14 Vmax maximum speed measured in accordance with the method given in GB/T 5378 3.15 engine disconnected disconnection of the engine from the driving wheel(s) 3.16 initial brake temperature temperature of the brake before any brake application. If more than one brakes are operated simultaneously, the temperature of the hottest brake shall be selected. 3.17 laden so loaded as to attain the maximum mass as defined by the manufacturer (in accordance with GB/T 5359.4) 3.18 lightly loaded sum of the complete vehicle kerb mass (in accordance with GB/T 5359.4), rider mass (75 kg) and the mass of test equipment (15 kg), or the laden mass, whichever is less In the case of ABS tests on a low friction surface, the mass of test equipment (including protective supports) is 30 kg. 3.19 test speed vehicle speed measured at the moment the rider begins to actuate the brake control(s). For tests where the simultaneous actuation of two controls is specified, the vehicle speed is taken from the point the first control is actuated. 3.20 stopping distance distance traveled by the vehicle from the point the rider begins to actuate the brake control to the point at which the vehicle reaches a full stop. For tests where the simultaneous actuation of two controls is specified, the vehicle speed is taken from the point the first control is actuated. 3.21 baseline test a brake test or a series of brake tests carried out in order to confirm the performance of the brake prior to subjecting it to a further test such as the heat fade test or wet brake test 3.22 fully cycling a process where the ABS repeatedly or continuously modulates the braking force in order to prevent directly actuated wheel lock 4 Requirements 4.1 General The vehicle shall comply with the test requirements specified by its type and brake system characteristics. 4.2 Functions of brake system 4.2.1 Service brake system The rider shall be able to actuate the service brake system control on the normal riding position without removing his hands from the handlebar (or steering control). 4.2.2 Secondary brake system (if any) The rider shall be able to actuate the secondary brake system control on the normal riding position with at least one hand holding the handlebar (or steering control). 4.2.3 Parking brake system (if any) 4.2.3.1 The parking brake system fitted to the vehicle, if any, shall stabilize the vehicle on the test ramp as described in 5.1.1.3. 4.2.3.2 The parking brake system shall a) comprise a control which is isolated from the service brake system control; b) lock the working parts only in a purely mechanical manner. 4.2.3.3 The rider shall be able to actuate the parking brake system on the normal riding position. 4.2.3.4 The parking brake system fitted to three-wheeled mopeds (Category L2), motorcycles with sidecar (Category L4) and right three-wheeled motorcycles (Category L5) shall be tested according to Annex A, A.3.5, and shall meet the performance requirements. 4.3 Characteristics of brake system 4.3.1 Two-wheeled mopeds (Category L1) and motorcycles (Category L3) shall be fitted with two independent service brake systems or a split service brake system, with at least one brake controlling the front wheel and the other controlling the rear wheel. 4.3.2 Special requirements for two-wheeled motorcycles (Category L3): a) Two-wheeled motorcycles (Category L3) with an actual engine displacement greater than 150 mL and less than or equal to 250 mL shall be fitted with antilock brake system or combined brake system; b) Two-wheeled motorcycles (Category L3) with an actual engine displacement greater than 250 mL shall be fitted with antilock brake system on the front and rear wheels. 4.3.3 Motorcycles with sidecar (Category L4) shall comply with the requirements of 4.3.1. If the performance requirements specified in each test are met, brake is not required for the sidecar. 4.3.4 Three-wheeled mopeds (Category L2) shall be fitted with a parking brake system and one of the following brake systems: ——two independent service brake systems (except for combined brake system), which can control the brakes on all wheels concurrently; ——a split service brake system; or ——a combined brake system that can control the brakes on all wheels, and a secondary brake system or parking brake system. 4.3.5 Right three-wheeled motorcycles (Category L5) shall be fitted with a parking brake system and a foot-operated service brake system for controlling the brakes on all wheels which may be ——a split service brake system; or ——a combined brake system and a secondary brake system which may be a parking brake system. 4.3.6 If the requirements of failure test for combined brake system are met, two independent service brake systems can share the same brake and transmission. 4.4 Brake master cylinder For vehicles using hydraulic transmission, the brake master cylinder shall comply with the following requirements: ——each brake system shall have an independent sealed and covered reservoir; ——the minimum capacity of the reservoir shall be 1.5 times the liquid volume required for the brake’s friction lining to be adjusted from a brand new state to a completely worn state; ——the liquid level should be inspected without opening the reservoir. 4.5 Warning light 4.5.1 Warning light of the brake system shall be so arranged as to be convenient for the rider to observe and identify on the normal operating position. 4.5.2 Vehicles equipped with an antilock brake system shall be fitted with a yellow warning light: a) the warning light shall work when the vehicle’s ignition switch is turned on, and go out after the function test is finished; b) the warning light shall display when the antilock brake system fails and affects the generation and transmission of system signals. The warning light shall remain displayed provided the fault is still present and the ignition switch is in the “ON” position. 4.5.3 Vehicles equipped with a split service brake system shall be fitted with a red warning light: a) the warning light shall work when the vehicle’s ignition switch is turned on, and go out after the function test is finished; b) the warning light shall display in the case ——where hydraulic failure occurs when the control force acting on the control is not more than 90 N; or ——where the liquid level in the reservoir of the brake master cylinder is lower than the followings, whichever is higher, when the control is not operated: 1) liquid level as specified in the vehicle technical specifications; 2) lower than or equal to half of the reservoir capacity. c) The warning light shall remain displayed provided the fault is still present and the ignition switch is in the “ON” position. 4.6 Friction lining 4.6.1 Abrasion of the brake’s friction lining should be compensated by an automatic or manual adjustment device. 4.6.2 The abrasion of friction lining shall be observed without removing the brake. If unfulfillable, it should be inspected with an appropriate device. 4.6.3 During and after the test, the friction lining shall not be separated and the brake fluid shall not leak. 4.6.4 Materials of friction lining shall not contain asbestos. 4.7 Performance of brake system 4.7.1 Requirements for brake performance are given in Annex A. 4.7.2 Requirements for performance of the antilock brake system, if any, are given in Annex B. 4.7.3 Requirements for performance of the split service brake system, if any, for partial failure test are given in Annex C. 4.7.4 Requirements for performance of the power-assisted braking system, if any, for failure test are given in Annex D. 4.7.5 Requirements for performance of the combined brake system for failure test are given in Annex E. 5 Test 5.1 Test conditions 5.1.1 Requirements for test road 5.1.1.1 High friction surface 5.1.1.1.1 The test area shall keep clean and dry, and the test surface shall be flat with a gradient no more than 1%. 5.1.1.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the peak braking coefficient of test surface is 0.9±0.1. 5.1.1.1.3 The test method for peak braking coefficient of high friction surface is given in Annex F. 5.1.1.2 Low friction surface 5.1.1.2.1 The test area shall keep clean, and the test surface shall be flat with a gradient no more than 1%. 5.1.1.2.2 The peak braking coefficient of test surface is not greater than 0.45. 5.1.1.2.3 The test method for peak braking coefficient of low friction surface is given in Annex F. Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Requirements 5 Test 6 Implementation of this standard Annex A (Normative) Brake test and performance requirements Annex B (Normative) Antilock brake system test and performance requirements Annex C (Normative) Partial failure test and performance requirements of split service brake system Annex D (Normative) Failure test and performance requirements of power-assisted braking system Annex E (Normative) Failure test and performance requirements of combined brake system Annex F (Normative) Determination of peak braking coefficient 摩托车和轻便摩托车 制动性能要求及试验方法 1 范围 本标准规定了摩托车和轻便摩托车制动性能要求和试验方法。 本标准适用于摩托车和轻便摩托车。 本标准不适用于残疾人用车。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 5359.4摩托车和轻便摩托车术语 第4部分：两轮车和三轮车质量 GB/T 5378摩托车和轻便摩托车道路试验方法 GB/T 15089—2001机动车辆及挂车分类 ASTM E867与车辆路面系统有关的术语(Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems) ASTM E1136标准的子午线基准试验轮胎的标准技术要求(Specification for A Radial Standard Reference Test Tire) ASTM F408用拖挂车朝正前方制动时潮湿牵引用轮胎的试验方法(Test Method for Tires for Wet Traction in Straight-Ahead Braking，Using a Towed Trailer) ASTM F457装有模拟或数字仪器的测速轮上速率及距离校准的方法(Test Method for Speed and Distance Calibration of Fifth Wheel Equipped With Either Analog or Digital Instrumentation) 3术语和定义 GB/T 15089—2001界定的L类车辆的定义以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 制动系统brake system 使行驶中的车辆逐渐减速或停车，或使已经停驶的车辆保持静止状态的零部件组合。该装置由控制器、传能装置和制动器组成，但不包括发动机。 3.2 控制器 control 由驾驶员直接操纵用以向传能装置提供制动或控制所需能量的部件。 3.3 传能装置transmission 控制器和制动器之间连接其功能的零部件组合。 3.4 制动器 brake 制动系统中产生阻止车辆运动作用力的部件。 3.5 行车制动系统service brake system 使行驶中的车辆减速的制动系统。 3.6 应急制动系统secondary brake system 装有联动制动系统的车辆上安装的第二套行车制动系统。 3.7 独立制动系统single brake system 只作用于一个车轴上的制动系统。 3.8 联动制动系统combined brake system；CBS a)对于两轮轻便摩托车(L1类)和两轮摩托车(L3类)，操纵单个控制器可以联合控制不同车轮上至少两个制动器的一套行车制动系统； b)对于三轮轻便摩托车(L2类)和正三轮摩托车(L5类)，操纵单个控制器可以联合控制全部车轮上制动器的一套行车制动系统； c)对于边三轮摩托车(L4类)，操纵单个控制器可以至少控制前轮和后轮上制动器的一套行车制动系统。同时控制后轮和边轮的制动系统应认为是一个后制动器。 3.9 多回路行车制动系统split service brake system；SSBS 控制所有车轮上制动器的制动系统，该系统由单一控制器控制两个或多个子系统。任意一个子系统的失效(如液压管路泄漏引起的系统失效)不能影响其他子系统的功能。 3.10 助力制动系统power-assisted braking system 由一个或者多个供能装置辅助驾驶员的体力施加制动力的制动系统。例如真空助力制动系统(带真空助力器)。 3.11 防抱死制动系统antilock brake system；ABS 一个能够判别车轮相对于地面的打滑程度，且能自动调整车轮的制动力，从而限制车轮相对于地面的打滑程度的系统。 3.12 车轮抱死 wheel lock 当车轮滑移率为1.00时的情况。 3.13 峰值制动力系数peak braking coefficient；PBC 基于滚动轮胎最大减速度测得的轮胎与道路表面的摩擦系数。 3.14 最高车速Vmax 按GB/T 5378规定的试验方法测得的最高车速。 3.15 脱开发动机engine disconnected 发动机与驱动轮断开连接。 3.16 初始制动温度initial brake temperature 实施任何制动前，制动器的温度。若同时控制多个制动器，选取温度最高的制动器的温度。 3.17 满载laden 将车辆加载到其厂定最大总质量(按GB/T 5359.4)。 3.18 轻负载lightly loaded 车辆整车整备质量(按GB/T 5359.4)加上驾驶员质量(75 kg)加上试验设备质量(15 kg)的总质量与满载质量相比的较小者。 在低摩擦系数路面上进行防抱死制动系统试验时，试验设备质量(包括保护支架)为30 kg。 3.19 试验速度test speed 驾驶员开始操纵控制器时刻的车辆速度。若试验中规定应同时操纵两个控制器，以开始操纵第一个控制器的时刻作为开始操纵控制器时刻。 3.20 制动距离 stopping distance 车辆从驾驶员开始操纵控制器时刻至车辆完全停止时刻所经过的距离。若试验中规定应同时操纵两个控制器，以开始操纵第一个控制器的时刻作为开始操纵控制器时刻。 3.21 基准试验baseline test 为判定制动器性能，在热衰退过程或湿式试验之前进行的一次或多次制动试验。 3.22 全循环fully cycling 防抱死制动系统反复或持续调节制动力，以防止直接控制的车轮抱死。 4 要求 4.1基本要求 车辆应满足其车辆类型和制动系统特性所规定的试验要求。 4.2制动系统的功能 4.2.1行车制动系统功能 应保证驾驶员在正常驾驶位置上，双手无须离开方向把(或方向盘)就能操纵行车制动系统的控制器。 4.2.2应急制动系统功能(若装有) 应保证驾驶员在正常驾驶位置上，至少一只手握住方向把(或方向盘)就能操纵应急制动系统的控制器。 4.2.3驻车制动系统功能(若装有) 4.2.3.1 如果车辆上装有驻车制动系统，该系统应使车辆稳定在5.1.1.3描述的试验坡道上。 4.2.3.2驻车制动系统应： a)包含一个控制器，且与行车制动系统的控制器分开； b)仅使用纯机械方式将工作部件锁止。 4.2.3.3应保证驾驶员在正常驾驶位就能操纵驻车制动系统。 4.2.3.4三轮轻便摩托车(L2类)、边三轮摩托车(L4类)和正三轮摩托车(L5类)安装的驻车制动系统应按附录A的A.3.5进行试验并满足性能要求。 4.3制动系统的特性 4.3.1两轮轻便摩托车(L1类)和两轮摩托车(L3类)上应装有两套独立的行车制动系统，或装有一套多回路行车制动系统，其中至少一个制动器控制前轮，一个制动器控制后轮。 4.3.2 两轮摩托车(L3类)的特殊要求： a)发动机实际排量大于150 mL且小于等于250 mL的两轮摩托车(L3类)应安装防抱死制动系统或联动制动系统； b)发动机实际排量大于250 mL的两轮摩托车(L3类)，前、后轮均应安装防抱死制动系统。 4.3.3边三轮摩托车(L4类)应符合4.3.1的规定，若能满足各项试验所规定的各项性能要求，则边车不必装制动器。 4.3.4三轮轻便摩托车(L2类)应装有一套驻车制动系统以及下列制动系统之一： ——两套独立的行车制动系统(联动制动系统除外)，同时操纵时可以控制全部车轮上的制动器，或； ——一套多回路行车制动系统，或； ——一套能够控制全部车轮上制动器的联动制动系统以及一套应急制动系统，该应急制动系统可以是驻车制动系统。 4.3.5正三轮摩托车(L5类)应装有一套驻车制动系统和一套控制全部车轮上制动器的脚控行车制动系统，该脚控行车制动系统为： ——一套多回路行车制动系统，或； ——一套联动制动系统和一套应急制动系统，该应急制动系统可以是驻车制动系统。 4.3.6如能满足联动制动系统失效试验的要求，两套独立的行车制动系统可以共用同一制动器和传能装置。 4.4制动主缸 使用液压传能装置的车辆，制动主缸应符合下列要求： ——每套制动系统应有一个独立、密封、有盖的储液室； ——储液室最小容积应为制动器从全新摩擦衬片状态调整到摩擦衬片完全磨损状态所需液体容量的1.5倍； ——应在不打开储液室的情况下，即可对液面进行检查。 4.5警示灯 4.5.1 制动系统警示灯的位置应方便正常操纵位置上的驾驶员观察识别。 4.5.2安装防抱死制动系统的车辆应装有一个黄色警示灯： a)警示灯应在车辆点火开关打开时点亮，功能检查完毕后熄灭； b)当防抱死制动系统出现故障，影响系统信号的产生和传递时，警示灯应予以指示。只要故障存在且点火开关处于“开”位置，警示灯应一直指示。 4.5.3安装多回路行车制动系统的车辆应装有一个红色警示灯： a)警示灯应在车辆点火开关打开时点亮，功能检查完毕后熄灭； b)警示灯应在下列情况下予以指示： ——作用在控制器上的控制力不大于90 N时产生液压失效的情况，或； ——未操纵控制器时，制动主缸储液室的液面低于下列情况中较高的一项时： 1)车辆技术文件规定的液面高度； 2)小于或等于储液室容积的一半。 c)只要故障存在且点火开关处于“开”位置，警示灯应一直指示。 4.6摩擦衬片 4.6.1 制动器摩擦衬片的磨损应能通过自动或手动调整装置来补偿。 4.6.2 应在不拆除制动器的情况下观察到摩擦衬片的磨损情况。若无法观察到摩擦衬片的磨损情况，应利用适当的装置进行检查。 4.6.3试验进行中及完成后，摩擦衬片不应分离，制动液不应泄漏。 4.6.4摩擦衬片材料不应包含石棉。 4.7制动系统的性能 4.7.1 制动性能要求见附录A。 4.7.2 防抱死制动系统(若装有)的性能要求见附录B。 4.7.3多回路行车制动系统(若装有)部分失效试验的性能要求见附录C。 4.7.4助力制动系统(若装有)失效试验的性能要求见附录D。 4.7.5联动制动系统失效试验的性能要求见附录E。 5试验 5.1 试验条件 5.1.1试验道路要求 5.1.1.1高摩擦系数路面 5.1.1.1.1试验区域应保持清洁、干燥，试验路面应水平，坡度不大于1％。 5.1.1.1.2除非有其他特殊要求，试验路面的峰值制动力系数(PBC)为0.9±0.1。 5.1.1.1.3高摩擦系数路面峰值制动力系数(PBC)的试验方法见附录F。 5.1.1.2低摩擦系数路面 5.1.1.2.1试验区域应保持清洁，试验路面应水平，坡度不大于1％。 5.1.1.2.2试验路面的峰值制动力系数(PBC)不大于0.45。 5.1.1.2.3低摩擦系数路面峰值制动力系数(PBC)的试验方法见附录F。 5.1.1.3驻车制动系统试验坡道 驻车制动系统试验坡道应为18％坡度的试验平面，试验平面应清洁、干燥，且在试验车辆的重量下不发生变形。 5.1.1.4试验道路宽度 5.1.1.4.1 对于两轮轻便摩托车(L1类)和两轮摩托车(L3类)，试验道路的宽度为2.5 m。 5.1.1.4.2对于三轮轻便摩托车(L2类)、边三轮摩托车(L4类)和正三轮摩托车(L5类)，试验道路的宽度为2.5 m加上车辆宽度。 5.1.2环境条件要求 5.1.2.1试验时，环境温度应在4℃和45℃之间。 5.1.2.2试验时，平均风速应不大于3m/s，瞬时风速应不大于5 m/s。 5.1.3试验速度要求 试验速度的误差范围是±5 km/h。如果实际试验速度偏离规定试验速度，则实际制动距离应按附录A.1.3的公式进行修正。 5.1.4自动变速器要求 5.1.4.1无论试验条件要求“脱开发动机”或“结合发动机”，装有自动变速器的车辆均应完成全部的制动性能试验。 5.1.4.2如果车辆安装的自动变速器有空档，则应在试验条件为“脱开发动机”时，将变速器置于空档。 5.1.5车辆位置和车轮抱死要求 每一项制动性能试验开始时，试验车辆均应处于5.1.1.4规定的试验道路的中央位置。制动时，车轮不能超出试验道路，且制动过程中车轮不能抱死。 5.2试验流程 如无特殊要求，应按表l规定的试验顺序进行。 表1试验顺序 序号 试验项目 条目 1 单独操纵制动控制器的干式制动试验 附录A.3.1 2 同时操纵制动控制器的干式制动试验 附录A.3.2 3 高速制动试验 附录A.3.3 4 湿式制动试验 附录A.3.4 5 驻车制动系统试验 附录A.3.5 6 防抱死制动系统试验 附录B 7 多回路行车制动系统部分失效试验 附录C 8 助力制动系统失效试验 附录D 9 联动制动系统失效试验 附录E 10 衰退试验 附录A.3.6 5.3试验方法 5.3.1 制动试验见附录A。 5.3.2防抱死制动系统(若装有)试验见附录B。 5.3.3多回路行车制动系统(若装有)部分失效试验见附录C。 5.3.4助力制动系统(若装有)失效试验见附录D。 5.3.5联动制动系统失效试验见附录E。 6标准的实施 6.1 自本标准发布之日起，即可依据本标准进行型式检验。自2018年7月1日起，新申请型式批准的车型应符合本标准要求。自2019年7月1日起，所有新申请型式批准和已获得型式批准的车型应符合本标准的要求。 6.2本标准条款4.3.2的实施过渡期：自2019年7月1日起对新申请型式批准的两轮摩托车实施，自2020年7月1日起对所有新申请型式批准和已获得型式批准的两轮摩托车实施。 附 录 A (规范性附录) 制动试验和性能要求 A.1 总则 A.1.1技术要求 行车制动系统性能的判定涉及充分发出的平均减速度、制动距离和连续减速度三种方式，各项性能的试验方法见A.3。 A.1.2 充分发出的平均减速度(MFDD) 充分发出的平均减速度见式(A.1)： (A.1) 式中： dm——充分发出的平均减速度，单位为米每二次方秒(m/s2)； Vn——试验速度为V1的80％，单位为千米每小时(km/h)； Ve——试验速度为V1的10％，单位为千米每小时(km/h)； Sb——从V1到Vb之间经过的距离，单位为米(m)； Se——从V1到Ve之间经过的距离，单位为米(m)； V1——驾驶员开始操纵制动控制器时的车辆速度，单位为千米每小时(km/h)。 速度和距离测量仪器的准确度为1％，充分发出的平均减速度也可通过其他方法来确定，此时其准确度应在3％以内。 A.1.3制动距离(S) 基于基本运动学公式，式(A.2)所示： S=0.1×V+(X)×V2 (A.2) 式中： S——制动距离，单位为米(m)； V——车辆行驶速度，单位为千米每小时(km/h)； X——根据不同试验确定的变量。 根据实际试验速度，计算修正后制动距离，修正公式如式(A.3)所示： Ss=0.1×Vs+(Sa-0.1×Va)×Vs2/Va2 (A.3) 式中： Ss——修正制动距离，单位为米(m)； Vs——规定试验速度，单位为千米每小时(km/h)； Sa——实际制动距离，单位为米(m)； Va——实际试验速度，单位为千米每小时(km/h)。 注：此公式只在实际试验速度与规定试验速度差值在±5 km/h以内时有效。 A.1.4连续减速度(a) 对于磨合试验、湿式制动试验和衰退试验的热衰退过程，应连续记录车辆从操纵制动控制器开始到车辆完全停止这一制动过程中各时刻的瞬时减速度。 A.2试验准备 A.2.1发动机转速 发动机怠速转速应符合车辆技术文件的规定。 A.2.2轮胎气压 根据不同试验规定的负载条件，轮胎气压应调节到车辆技术文件规定的气压值。 A.2.3控制力的作用点及方向 A.2.3.1对于制动手把，手握力(F)应作用在制动手把的前平面，且方向垂直于制动手把旋转时形成的平面上的操纵杆支点到最远端的连线。手握力作用点应在制动手把最外端向内50 mm处，该作用点应在制动操纵杆支点与最外端连线所形成的直线段上测量(见图A.1)。 操纵杆支点 图A.1 手握力作用点及方向示意图 A.2.3.2对于制动踏板，作用力应垂直作用于制动踏板中心。 A.2.4制动器温度 制动器温度的测量应尽量选取盘式制动器和鼓式制动器制动区域的中心位置，可以使用下列方法之一来测量制动器的温度： a)附于制动盘和制动鼓表面的摩擦式热电偶； b)嵌入摩擦材料的插塞式热电偶。 A.2.5磨合程序 A.2.5.1 技术要求 性能试验前应对车辆的制动器进行磨合，磨合程序可以由制造厂完成。 A.2.5.2车辆状态 A.2.5.2.1 轻负载状态。 A.2.5.2.2脱开发动机。 A.2.5.3试验条件及程序 A.2.5.3.1 规定试验速度： 初始速度：50 km/h或0.8 Vmax中的较低值； 结束速度：5 km/h～10 km/h。 A.2.5.3.2制动系统实施：各行车制动系统控制器分别实施。 A.2.5.3.3车辆减速度： 独立前制动系统：1.5 m/s2～2.0 m/s2(L1与L2类)； 3.0 m/s2～3.5 m/s2(L3与L4类)； 独立后制动系统：1.5 m/s2～2.0 m/s2； 联动制动系统或多回路行车制动系统：3.5 m/s2～4.0 m/s2。 A.2.5.3.4制动次数：每套制动系统进行100次。 A.2.5.3.5 每次制动实施前，初始制动温度应不大于100℃。 A.2.5.3.6第一次制动时，车辆加速至初始速度，在规定条件下进行制动，直至车辆达到结束速度。再次加速至初始速度并保持，当制动器温度达到初始制动温度规定范围时，再次按规定条件进行制动。重复这一程序直至达到磨合次数的要求。磨合程序结束后，可以根据制造厂建议对制动器进行调节。 A.3试验方法和性能要求 A.3.1 单独操纵制动控制器的干式制动试验 A.3.1.1车辆状态 A.3.1.1.1 适用于L1、L2、L3、L4和L5类车辆。 A.3.1.1.2满载，装有联动制动系统和多回路行车制动系统的车辆还应在轻负载状态下进行试验。 A.3.1.1.3脱开发动机。 A.3.1.2试验条件及程序 A.3.1.2.1 初始制动温度：≥55℃且≤100℃。 A.3.1.2.2规定试验速度： 40 km/h或0.9 Vmax中的较小值(L1与L2类)； 60 km/h或0.9 Vmax中的较小值(L3、L4与L5类)。 A.3.1.2.3制动系统实施：各行车制动系统控制器分别实施。 A.3.1.2.4制动控制力： 手控制器：≤200 N； 脚控制器：≤350 N(L1、L2、L3与L4类)； ≤500 N(L5类)。 A.3.1.2.5制动次数：最多制动6次，有1次满足性能要求即可。 A.3.1.2.6 每一次制动，车辆加速至规定试验速度，在规定条件下进行制动。 A.3.1.3性能要求 当车辆按照A.3.1.2的要求进行试验时，车辆的制动距离或充分发出的平均减速度的要求如表A.1～表A.4所示。 表A.1 独立制动系统一前轮制动性能要求 车辆分类 制动距离S m 充分发出的平均减速度MFDD m/s2 L1 S≤0.1×V+0.011 1×V2 ≥3.4 L2 S≤0.1×V+0.014 3×V2 ≥2.7 L3 S≤0.1×V+0.008 7×V2 ≥4.4 L4 S≤0.1×V+0.010 5×V2 ≥3.6 L5 不适用 不适用 表A.2 独立制动系统-后轮制动性能要求 车辆分类 制动距离S m 充分发出的平均减速度MFDD m/s2 L1 S≤0.1×V+0.014 3×V2 ≥2.7 L2 S≤0.1×V+0.014 3×V2 ≥2.7 L3 S≤0.1×V+0.013 3×V2 ≥2.9 L4 S≤0.1×V+0.010 5×V2 ≥3.6 L5 不适用 不适用 表A.3联动制动系统或多回路行车制动系统性能要求 车辆分类 制动距离S m 充分发出的平均减速度MFDD m/s2 L1 S≤0.1×V+0.008 7×V2 ≥4.4 L2 S≤0.1×V+0.008 7×V2 ≥4.4 L3 S≤0.1×V+0.007 6×V2 ≥5.1 L4 S≤0.1×V+0.007 1×V2 ≥5.4 L5 S≤0.1×V+0.007 7×V2 ≥5.0 表A.4应急制动系统性能要求 车辆分类 制动距离S m 充分发出的平均减速度MFDD m/s2 L1～L5 S≤0.1×V+0.015 4×V2 ≥2.5 A.3.2 同时操纵制动控制器的干式制动试验 A.3.2.1 车辆状态 A.3.2.1.1 适用于L3、L4和L5类车辆。 A.3.2.1.2轻负载。 A.3.2.1.3脱开发动机。 A.3.2.2试验条件及程序 A.3.2.2.1 初始制动温度：≥55℃且≤100℃。 A.3.2.2.2规定试验速度：100 km/h或0.9 Vmax中的较小值。 A.3.2.2.3制动系统实施：如果装有两套行车制动系统，则同时操纵两套行车制动系统的控制器；如果装有一套行车制动系统，则操纵一套行车制动系统的控制器。 A.3.2.2.4制动控制力： 手控制器：≤250 N； 脚控制器：≤400 N(L3与L4类)； ≤500 N(L5类)。 A.3.2.2.5制动次数：最多制动6次，有1次满足性能要求即可。 A.3.2.2.6每一次制动，车辆加速至规定试验速度，在规定条件下进行制动。 A.3.2.3性能要求 当车辆按照A.3.2.2的要求进行试验时，性能要求如下： 制动距离公式如式(A.4)所示 S≤0.006 0×V2 (A.4) 式中： V——规定试验速度，单位为千米每小时(km/h)； S——制动距离，单位为米(m)。 A.3.3高速制动试验 A.3.3.1 车辆状态 A.3.3.1.1适用于L3、L4和L5类，且最高车速大于125 km/h的车辆。 A.3.3.1.2轻负载。 A.3.3.1.3结合发动机，变速器置于最高档位。 A.3.3.2试验条件及程序 A.3.3.2.1 初始制动温度：≥55℃且≤100℃。 A.3.3.2.2规定试验速度： 0.8 Vmax(125 km/h |
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