标准编号:	GB/T 33598-2017
中文名称:	车用动力电池回收利用 拆解规范
英文名称:	Recycling of traction battery used in electric vehicle -- Dismantling specification
中标分类:	T47    新能源汽车及其他类型汽车
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	43.120 43.120    电车 43.120
发布机构:	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2017-05-12
实施日期:	2017-12-1
标准状态:	valid
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	7000 字
翻译价格(元):	290.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization (SAC/TC 114). Recycling of traction battery used in electric vehicle - Dismantling specification 1 Scope This standard specifies the terms and definitions, general requirements, operation procedures, storage and management requirements for dismantling of waste traction battery packs (sets) and modules used in electric vehicles. This standard is applicable to the dismantling of battery packs (sets) and modules of waste lithium ion traction battery and nickel metal hydride traction battery used in electric vehicles, but not applicable to the dismantling of waste traction battery cell used in electric vehicles. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 5085.7 Identification standards for hazardous waste - General rules GB 18597 Standard for pollution control on hazardous waste storage GB 18599 Standard for pollution on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles HJ 2025 Technical specifications for collection, storage, transportation of hazardous waste 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 19596 and the following apply. 3.1 dismantling disassembly of the waste traction battery packs (sets) and modules 4 Overall requirements 4.1 General requirements 4.1.1 The manufacturers shall consider green design including dismantlbility and recyclability during design of traction battery. 4.1.2 Recycling and dismantling enterprises shall have the relevant qualifications stipulated by national laws and regulations, such as the business license for hazardous wastes like waste batteries. The dismantling operation procedures or dismantling operation instructions shall be formulated for safe dismantling according to the dismantling information or dismantling manual provided by the manufacturer. 4.1.3 Dismantling enterprises should adopt mechanical or automatic dismantling methods to improve the dismantling efficiency and safety. 4.1.4 Dismantling operators shall have corresponding professional qualification certificates, such as electrician certificates. 4.2 Equipment requirements 4.2.1 Safety protection equipment shall be available, such as insulating gloves, gloves for preventing mechanical injury, safety helmet, insulating shoes (boots), protective mask and insulating rescue hook for preventing electric shock. 4.2.2 Special protective covers, special lifting tools, lifting equipment, special dismantling tooling table, special pumping and discharging system, special mold extractor, special module dismantling equipment, insulation kit tools, etc. shall be provided. 4.2.3 Insulation testing equipment, such as insulation resistance tester, shall be provided. 4.3 Site requirements 4.3.1 Dismantling and storage sites shall be provided with security facilities, such as fire-fighting facilities, alarm facilities and emergency facilities. 4.3.2 The ground of dismantling and storage sites shall be hardened and leak-proof, and be provided with environmental protection facilities, such as wastewater treatment system. 4.3.3 The dismantling and storage sites shall be kept ventilated, dry, bright and far away from residential areas. 4.4 Safety requirements 4.4.1 Personnel safety 4.4.1.1 The personnel shall wear safety protection equipment before dismantling operation. 4.4.1.2 The personnel shall have the corresponding professional knowledge and pass the internal professional training examination. 4.4.2 Lifting safety 4.4.2.1 Slings and lifting equipment shall be insulated, and the load borne shall not exceed the rated lifting capacity. 4.4.2.2 Before lifting, the external wires and detached accessories of waste traction battery shall be removed to prevent falling and hurting people during lifting. 4.4.2.3 For lifting traction battery packs (sets), at least three fixing points shall be available. 4.4.2.4 Before lifting, trial lifting shall be conducted to check the stress condition of the equipment. 4.4.3 Dismantling safety 4.4.3.1 It is strictly forbidden to operate alone in the dismantling process, and the dismantling shall be carried out in accordance with the established dismantling operation procedures or operation instructions. 4.4.3.2 In the cutting process, the cutting equipment shall be checked first, and then the cutting pieces shall be fixed and protected. 4.4.3.3 During the dismantling operation, the weightlessness of whole structure and the damage of traction battery shall be avoided. 4.4.3.4 After dismantling, the waste traction battery module and cell shall be insulated. 5 Operation procedures 5.1 Operation process chart 5.1.1 The dismantling operation procedures for waste traction battery shall strictly follow the principles of safety, environmental protection and resource recycling. 5.1.2 The dismantling operation procedures for waste traction battery should be carried out according to Figure 1. For those without traction battery modules, the procedure of “dismantling traction battery modules” may be omitted. Figure 1 Dismantling operation procedures for waste traction battery 5.2 Pretreatment 5.2.1 Information such as model, manufacturer, voltage, nominal capacity, size and quality of waste traction battery shall be collected. 5.2.2 For liquid-cooled traction batteries, a special pumping and discharging system shall be adopted to drain the coolant, and a special container shall be used to collect it. 5.2.3 The waste traction battery packs (sets) shall be subjected to insulation inspection, discharge or insulation so as to ensure safe dismantling. 5.2.4 The external wires and detached accessories of waste traction battery shall be removed. 5.2.5 The recovery traceability code shall be pasted, and the preprocessed collected information shall be recorded into the recovery traceability management system.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Overall requirements 5 Operation procedures 6 Storage and management

ICS 43.120 T 47 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 33598—2017 车用动力电池回收利用 拆解规范 Recycling of traction battery used in electric vehicle—Dismantling specification 2017-05-12发布 2017-12-01实施 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会 发布 前言 本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。 本标准由工业和信息化部提出。 本标准由全国汽车标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 114)归日。 车用动力电池回收利用 拆解规范 1 范围 本标准规定了车用废旧动力蓄电池包(组)、模块拆解工作的术语和定义，总体要求，作业程序及存储和管理要求。 本标准适用于车用废旧锂离子动力蓄电池、金属氢化物镍动力蓄电池的蓄电池包(组)、模块的拆解，不适用于车用废旧动力蓄电池单体的拆解。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 5085.7危险废物鉴别标准通则 GB 18597危险废物贮存污染控制标准 GB 18599一般工业固体废物贮存、处置场污染控制标准 GB/T 19596电动汽车术语 HJ 2025危险废物收集、贮存、运输技术规范 3术语和定义 GB/T 19596界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 拆解dismantling 将废旧动力蓄电池包(组)、模块进行解体的作业。 4总体要求 4.1一般要求 4.1.1 生产企业在设计动力蓄电池时应考虑可拆解性、可回收性等绿色设计。 4.1.2回收、拆解企业应具有国家法律法规规定的相关资质，如经营范围包括废旧电池类的危险废物经营许可证等。应按照生产企业提供的拆解信息或拆解手册.制定拆解作业程序或拆解作业指导书，进行安全拆解。 4.1.3拆解企业宜采用机械或自动化拆解方式，以提高拆解效率及安全性。 4.1.4拆解作业人员中，需持有相应的职业资格证书，如电工证等。 4.2装备要求 4.2.1应具备绝缘手套、防机械伤害手套、安全帽、绝缘鞋(靴)、防护面罩、防触电绝缘救援钩等安全防护装备。 4.2.2应配备专业防护罩、专用起吊工具、起吊设备、专用拆解工装台、专用抽排系统、专用取模器、专用模块拆解设备、绝缘套装工具等。 4.2.3应具备绝缘检测设备，如绝缘电阻测试仪等。 4.3场地要求 4.3.1 拆解、存储场地应具备安全防范设施，如消防设施、报警设施、应急设施等。 4.3.2拆解、存储场地的地面应硬化并防渗漏，具有环保防范设施，如废水处理系统等。 4.3.3拆解、存储场地内应保持通风干燥、光线良好，并远离居民区。 4.4安全要求 4.4.1人员安全 4.4.1.1拆解作业前，应穿戴安全防护装备。 4.4.1.2应具备相应的专业知识，并经过内部专业培训考核。 4.4.2吊装安全 4.4.2.1 吊具和起吊设备应进行绝缘处理，且所承受的载荷不得超过额定起重能力。 4.4.2.2起吊前应拆除废旧动力蓄电池外接导线及脱落的附属件，防止起吊中坠落伤人。 4.4.2.3起吊动力蓄电池包(组)时，固定点应不少于3个。 4.4.2.4起吊前应进行试吊，并检查设备受力情况。 4.4.3拆解安全 4.4.3.1拆解过程严禁单独作业，按照制定的拆解作业程序或作业指导书进行。 4.4.3.2切割工序中，应先检查切割设备，固定切割件.并做好防护。 4.4.3.3拆解作业应避免整体结构的失重散架和动力蓄电池的破损。 4.4.3.4拆解后应对废旧动力蓄电池模块、单体进行绝缘处理。 5作业程序 5.1作业流程图 5.1.1 废旧动力蓄电池拆解的作业程序应严格遵循安全、环保和资源循环利用三原则。 5.1.2废旧动力蓄电池拆解的作业程序宜按图1进行，对于不含动力蓄电池模块的，可省略“动力蓄电池模块拆解”程序。 废旧动力蓄电池 拆解预处理 动力蓄电池包(组)拆解 动力蓄电池模块拆解 废旧动力蓄电池单体 图1 废旧动力蓄电池拆解作业程序图 5.2预处理 5.2.1采集废旧动力蓄电池的型号、制造商、电压、标称容量、尺寸及质量等信息。 5.2.2对液冷动力蓄电池应采用专用抽排系统排空冷却液，并使用专用容器对其进行收集。 5.2.3对废旧动力蓄电池包(组)应进行绝缘检测，并进行放电或绝缘等处理，以确保拆解安全。 5.2.4拆除废旧动力蓄电池外接导线及脱落的附属件。 5.2.5粘贴回收追溯码，将预处理采集信息录入回收追溯管理系统。 5.3拆解 5.3.1动力蓄电池包(组)拆解 5.3.1.1采用专用起吊工具和起吊设备将动力蓄电池包(组)起吊至专用拆解工装台。 5.3.1.2拆除动力蓄电池包(组)外壳，根据组合方式，拆解方式如下： a)对外壳为螺栓式组合连接的动力蓄电池包(组)，应根据螺栓的类型及规格，采用相应的工具或设备进行拆解。 b)对外壳为金属焊接或塑封式连接的动力蓄电池包(组)，应采用专业的切割设备拆解，并精确控制切割位置及切入深度。 c)对外壳为嵌入式连接的动力蓄电池包(组)，宜采用专业的机械化切割设备拆解。 5.3.1.3外壳拆除后，应先拆除托架、隔板等辅助固定部件。 5.3.1.4应使用绝缘工具拆除高压线束、线路板、电池管理系统、高压安全盒等功能部件。 5.3.1.5根据动力蓄电池模块的位置和固定方式，拆除相关固定件、冷却系统等部件，采用专用取模器移除模块。 5.3.1.6动力蓄电池包(组)拆解过程中要注意避免拆除的螺栓等金属件与高低压连接触头位置的接触.以免造成短路起火，同时要备用专用磁吸工具用于对脱落在缝隙中的金属件的取出。 5.3.2动力蓄电池模块拆解 5.3.2.1 宜采用专用模块拆解设备对模块进行安全、环保拆解。 5.3.2.2采用专用起吊工具及起吊设备将动力蓄电池模块起吊至拆解工装台或模块拆解设备进料口。 5.3.2.3拆除蓄电池模块外壳，根据组合方式，拆解方法如下： a)对外壳为螺栓式组合连接的动力蓄电池横块，应根据螺栓的类型及规格，在专用模组工装夹具的辅助下定位，采用相应的工具进行拆解。 b)对外壳为金属焊接或塑封式连接的动力蓄电池模块，应根据焊位或封装口角度，宜采用专用模块拆解设备在封闭空间中拆解，并精确控制焊位分离尺寸及刀口切入深度，防止短路起火。 c)对外壳为嵌入式连接的动力蓄电池模块，应采用机械化拆解设备进行拆解。 5.3.2.4外壳拆除后，应采用绝缘工具拆除导线、连接片等连接部件，分离出蓄电池单体。 5.3.2.5动力蓄电池模块拆解过程中要注意模块的成组类型与连接方式，拆解过程做好绝缘防护，对高低压连接插件的接口应用绝缘材料及时封堵，不应徒手拆解模块。 6存储和管理 6.1收集的废液、废弃物，应按GB 5085.7的规定进行鉴别分类，并符合下列规定： a)属于危险废物，应按GB 18597和HJ 2025要求进行收集、贮存、运输，并交由有资质单位进行处理。 b)属于一般固体废物，应按GB 18599的要求执行。 6.2蓄电池单体应统一存储，禁止对单体进行手工拆解、丢弃、填埋或焚烧。 6.3拆解后的蓄电池单体、零部件、材料，应采用相应的容器分类存储、标识，并对其进行日常性检查。 6.4 回收拆解企业应向生产企业提供回收处理报告。