标准编号:	GB/T 16507.6-2022
中文名称:	水管锅炉 第6部分：检验、试验和验收
英文名称:	Water-tube boilers—Part 6: Inspection, testing and acceptance
中标分类:	J98    锅炉及其辅助设备
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	27.060.30 27.060.30    锅炉和热交换器 27.060.30
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2022-03-09
实施日期:	2022-10-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB/T 16507.6-2013 水管锅炉 第6部分：检验、试验和验收
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	21000 字
翻译价格(元):	1370.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Water-tube boilers - Part 6: Inspection, testing and acceptance 1 Scope This document specifies the requirements for material inspection, product dimension, forming processing and welding joint appearance inspection, through ball inspection, spectrum inspection, nondestructive testing, mechanical property inspection of product welded joints, hydrostatic test, documents for inspection, end-of-manufacturing data, metal nameplate and mark of pressure elements of water-tube boilers and load-bearing non-pressure elements directly connected with them. This document is applicable to the inspection, testing and acceptance of such pressure elements of water-tube boilers and the load-bearing non-pressure elements directly connected with them as are defined in GB/T 16507.1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 2652 Tensile test methods on weld and deposited metal GB/T 2900.48 Electrotechnical terminology of boilers GB/T 16507.1 Water-tube boilers - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 16507.5 Water-tube boilers - Part 5: Fabrication JB/T 3375 Rules for receiving acceptance of materials for boiler construction NB/T 47013.2 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 2: Radiographic testing NB/T 47013.3 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing NB/T 47013.4 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 4: Magnetic particle testing NB/T 47013.5 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 5: Penetrant testing NB/T 47013.10 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 10: Ultrasonic time of flight diffraction technique NB/T 47013.11 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 11: Standard practice for X-ray digital radiography NB/T 47013.14 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 14: X-ray computed radiographic testing NB/T 47013.15 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 15: Phased-array ultrasonic testing NB/T 47016 Mechanical property tests of product welded test coupons for pressure equipment AQSIQ [2014] No.114 Special equipment catalogue 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions specified in GB/T 2900.48 and GB/T 16507.1 and the following apply. 3.1 hydrostatic test pressure pressure applied to the boiler system or pressure components (elements) as required in hydrostatic test 4 Material acceptance 4.1 General requirements The boiler fabrication unit shall formulate material procurement standards, and conduct receiving acceptance for steel plate, steel tube, structural steel plate (used for the fabrication of flange and web of main girder), steel strip, section steel (with a height of 250 mm and above, or angle steel with an edge width of 250 mm and above), round steel (used for the fabrication of pull rod and hanger rod with diameter of 40 mm and above), forgings, steel castings, iron castings, welding materials (including welding rods, welding wires, flux-cored wire and welding flux) for boilers as per the requirements of such standards. 4.2 Material quality certificate 4.2.1 The material fabrication unit shall provide the material using unit with the quality certificate, which shall be complete and printed with traceable information identification and stamped with the quality inspection seal of the material fabrication unit. At the same time, clear and firm steel stamp or other signs shall be marked at obvious part of the material. When the boiler material procurement unit obtains boiler materials from a unit other than the material fabrication unit, the original quality certificate provided by the material fabrication unit or the copy stamped with official seal of material operation unit and the signature or seal of the responsible person shall be obtained. 4.2.2 The contents of quality certificate shall meet the requirements of corresponding material standards, and the materials shall be rejected if their quality certificate fails to comply with the standards. 4.2.3 The material using unit shall be responsible for the authenticity and consistency of the boiler materials and material quality certificates obtained. 4.3 Receiving acceptance of materials The boiler fabrication unit shall conduct receiving acceptance for boiler materials according to those specified in JB/T 3375, and only those that pass the acceptance inspection can be used. 4.4 Marking for receiving acceptance and transfer of marks 4.4.1 Materials that pass the receiving acceptance shall be marked as qualified. 4.4.2 Materials that fail to pass the receiving acceptance shall be marked as unqualified and isolated. 4.4.3 The marks of the materials shall be verified during boiler fabrication and shall be transferred in accordance with those specified in GB/T 16507.5. 5 Product dimension, forming process and appearance inspection of welded joints 5.1 The measuring appliances, instruments and meters used for product testing shall be confirmed to be qualified and shall be used within the validity period. The accuracy of measuring appliances and instruments shall meet the corresponding regulations, and their effective range shall be greater than the estimated value of the product to be measured. 5.2 The cold and hot forming and heat treatment during product fabrication shall comply with those specified in GB/T 16507.5, and corresponding records shall be available. 5.3 The finished products shall be tested for their dimensions, and the test results shall comply with those specified in GB/T 16507.5. 5.4 The welded joints of pressure elements (including welded joints between non-pressure element and pressure element) shall be subject to appearance inspection and meet at least the following requirements. a) The overall dimensions of the weld shall meet the requirements of the design drawings and those specified in process documents;   b) The height of butt weld shall not be lower than the surface of parent metal, and the weld shall smoothly transition with the parent metal, and there shall be no cracks, slag inclusions, arc pits, incomplete fusion and air holes on the surface of weld and heat affected zone; c) The longitudinal and circumferential welds of boiler drum, water storage tank, header or pipe, and the splicing welds of the seal head shall be free from undercut, and the undercut depth of other welds shall not exceed 0.5 mm, and the total length of undercut on both sides of tube welds shall not exceed 20% of the tube circumference and not exceed 40 mm. d) Depth of concavity: not greater than 2 mm. e) Weld flush at the root of start-up (steam-water) separator, water storage tank, header and pipe: not greater than 3 mm. f) Weld reinforcement of butt weld: 1) Boiler drum, start-up (steam-water) separator, water storage tank, header and pipe: not greater than 15%t and not greater than 4 mm; Note: t is the nominal thickness of the plate or tube in case of single-sided welding, and the groove depth of front and back sides in case of double-sided welding. 2) Tube: ≤ 3 mm. g) Connection weld between flat steel and tube: 1) The welding between flat steel and tube shall be continuous without lack of weld; 2) The weld shall be smooth and flat, the transition between the weld and the parent metal shall be smooth, and there shall be no cracks, slag inclusions, arc pits and other defects on the weld surface; 3) The surface of the weld between the flat steel and the tube shall be free from single pores with a diameter greater than 2 mm, and shall be free from dense pores (with more than 3 small holes in a row) or rows of pores (with more than 5 pores in a straight line for any 100 mm of weld);

Foreword i Introduction v 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Material acceptance 5 Product dimension, forming process and appearance inspection of welded joints 6 Through ball inspection 7 Spectrum inspection 8 Nondestructive testing 9 Inspection of mechanical properties of welded joints of products 10 Hydrostatic test 11 Documents for inspection 12 End-of-manufacturing data, product nameplate and marking

水管锅炉 第6部分：检验、试验和验收 1 范围 本文件规定了水管锅炉受压元件和与其直接连接的承受载荷的非受压元件的材料检验、产品尺寸、成形加工及焊接接头外观检查、通球检查、光谱检验、无损检测、产品焊接接头力学性能检验、水压试验、检验用文件、出厂资料、金属铭牌和标记要求。 本文件适用于GB／T 16507.1界定的水管锅炉受压元件和与其直接连接的承受载荷的非受压元件的检验、试验和验收。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB／T 2652 焊缝及熔敷金属拉伸试验方法 GB／T 2900.48 电工名词术语 锅炉 GB／T 16507.1 水管锅炉 第1部分：总则 GB／T 16507.5 水管锅炉 第5部分：制造 JB／T 3375 锅炉用材料入厂验收规则 NB／T 47013.2 承压设备无损检测 第2部分：射线检测 NB／T 47013.3 承压设备无损检测 第3部分：超声检测 NB／T 47013.4 承压设备无损检测 第4部分：磁粉检测 NB／T 47013.5 承压设备无损检测 第5部分：渗透检测 NB／T 47013.10 承压设备无损检测 第10部分：衍射时差法超声检测 NB／T 47013.11 承压设备无损检测 第11部分：X射线数字成像检测 NB／T 47013.14 承压设备无损检测 第14部分：X射线计算机辅助成像检测 NB／T 47013.15 承压设备无损检测 第15部分：相控阵超声检测 NB／T 47016 承压设备产品焊接试件的力学性能检验 特种设备目录(国家质量监督检验检疫总局 2014年第114号) 3 术语和定义 GB／T 2900.48和GB／T 16507.1界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 水压试验压力 hydrostatic test pressure 在水压试验时，按规定对锅炉系统或受压部件(元件)施加的压力。 4 材料验收 4.1 一般要求 锅炉制造单位应制定材料采购标准并按其规定对锅炉用钢板、锅炉用钢管、结构钢板(用于制造大板梁的翼板和腹板)和钢带、型钢(高度250 mm及以上、或角钢边宽度250 mm及以上)、圆钢(用于制造拉杆和直径40 mm及以上的吊杆)、锻件、铸钢件、铸铁件、焊接材料(包括焊条、焊丝、药芯焊丝和焊剂)等进行入厂验收。 4.2 材料质量证明 4.2.1 材料制造单位应向材料使用单位提供质量证明书，质量证明书内容应齐全，并且印制可追溯的信息化标识，加盖材料制造单位质量检验章，并与实物相符，同时在材料的明显部位做出清晰、牢固的钢印标志或其他标志。锅炉材料采购单位从非材料制造单位取得锅炉用材料时，应取得材料制造单位提供的质量证明书原件或加盖了材料经营单位公章和经办负责人签字(章)的复印件。 4.2.2 质量证明书内容应符合相应材料标准的要求，质量证明书不符合标准规定的材料应予以拒收。 4.2.3 材料使用单位应对所取得的锅炉用材料及材料质量证明书的真实性和一致性负责。 4.3 材料入厂验收 锅炉制造单位应按照JB／T 3375的规定对锅炉用材料进行入厂验收，合格后才能使用。 4.4 入厂验收标识及标记移植 4.4.1 入厂验收合格的材料应有合格标识。 4.4.2 入厂验收不合格材料应有不合格标识，并予以隔离。 4.4.3 锅炉制造过程中应核实材料标记，并应按GB／T 16507.5的规定进行材料标记移植。 5 产品尺寸、成形加工及焊接接头外观检查 5.1 产品检测所用测量器具、仪器仪表应经确认合格，并应在确认有效期内使用。测量器具、仪器仪表的精度应符合相应规定，其有效量程应大于被测产品的检测值。 5.2 产品制作过程中的冷、热加工成形、热处理应符合GB／T16507.5的规定，应有相应的记录。 5.3 制作完工的产品应进行相应的尺寸检测，检测结果应符合GB／T16507.5的规定。 5.4 压元件焊接接头(包括非受压元件与受压元件焊接的接头)应进行外观检查，至少满足以下要求。 a) 焊缝外形尺寸应符合设计图样和工艺文件的要求。 b) 对接焊缝高度不应低于母材表面，焊缝与母材应平滑过渡，焊缝和热影响区表面无裂纹、夹渣、弧坑、未熔合和气孔。 c) 锅筒、启动(汽水)分离器、储水箱、集箱或管道的纵、环缝及封头的拼接焊缝无咬边，其余焊缝咬边深度不大于0.5 mm，管子焊缝两侧咬边总长度不大于管子周长的20%，且不大于40 mm。 d) 内凹深度：不大于2 mm。 e) 启动(汽水)分离器、储水箱、集箱、管道的根部凸出：不大于3 mm。 f) 对接焊缝余高： 1) 锅筒、启动(汽水)分离器、储水箱、集箱、管道：不大于15%t且不大于4 mm； 注：单面焊时，t为板材或管材的名义厚度；双面焊时，t为正、反面的坡口深度。 2) 管子：不大于3 mm。 g) 扁钢与管子的连接焊缝： 1) 扁钢与管子的焊接应连续，不应有漏焊； 2) 焊缝成形应光滑、平整，焊缝与母材之间应圆滑过渡，焊缝表面不应有裂缝、夹渣、弧坑等缺陷； 3) 扁钢与管子之间的焊缝表面不应有直径大于2 mm的单个气孔，同时也不应存在密集性气孔(3个以上小孔连成一片)或成排气孔(任意100 mm焊缝直线范围内气孔数多 于5个)； 4) 焊缝咬边深度在管子侧不应大于0.5 mm，咬边总长度不大于管子长度的25%，且连续长度不超过500 mm；扁钢侧咬边深度不大于0.8 mm； 5) 扁钢与管子焊接时不应烧穿管子，如有烧穿，则该部位应用相同材料、相同规格的管子替换，且替换长度不应小于300 mm； 6) 扁钢与管子焊接的熔深应符合GB／T 16507.5的规定。 6 通球检查 6.1 公称外径不大于60 mm的受热面管子的对接接头或弯管应进行通球检查，通球应采用钢球，通球直径(db)按表1或表2的规定。 表1 对接接头通球直径 单位为毫米 注：d——管子的公称内径，单位为毫米(mm)。 表2 弯管通球直径 单位为毫米 R／D R／D＜1.0 1.0≤R／D＜1.4 1.4≤R／D＜1.8 1.8≤R／D＜2.5 2.5≤R／D＜3.5 R／D≥3.5 db d≥0.65d ≥0.70d ≥0.75d ≥0.80d ≥0.85d ≥0.90d 注：R——管子弯曲半径，单位为毫米(mm)； D——管子的公称外径，单位为毫米(mm)； d——管子的公称内径，单位为毫米(mm)。 6.2 既有弯头又有对接接头的管子，通球直径应是按表1和表2规定选取结果中的较小值。 6.3 通球用钢球的制造直径偏差为－0.2 mm，即实际选用钢球直径可比通球直径小0.2 mm。 6.4 内螺纹管通球时，应按内螺纹管标准中给出的最小内径选取通球用钢球，若选用不是内螺纹管标准规定的管子规格或未规定最小内径时，则最小内径为管子的公称外径减去2倍管子公称壁厚与螺纹高度之和，即：d＝D－2×(管子公称壁厚+螺纹高度)。 6.5 若按6.1～6.4的规定通球遇阻，则按管子实测最小内径选取钢球进行通球。 6.6 为保证管子内部清洁度而进行的通球检查可采用海绵球，试验用压缩空气的压力约0.4 MPa。 7 光谱检验 合金钢管(管件)对接接头焊缝和母材应进行100%的化学成分光谱分析验证，并出具光谱分析检验报告。 8 无损检测 8.1 无损检测基本方法 无损检测方法主要包括射线(RT)、超声(UT)、磁粉(MT)、渗透(PT)、涡流(ET)等检测方法。射线检测方法(RT)包括胶片射线检测(F-RT)、数字成像检测(DR)、计算机辅助成像检测(CR)。超声检测方法(UT)包括脉冲回波法超声检测(PE)、相控阵超声检测(PAUT)和衍射时差法超声检测(TOFD)。制造单位应根据设计、工艺及其相关技术条件选择检测方法，并制定相应的检测工艺。 当选用衍射时差法超声检测(TOFD)时，应与脉冲回波法超声检测(PE)组合进行检测，检测结论以TOFD与PE方法的结果进行综合判定。 8.2 无损检测人员 无损检测人员应按照相关技术规范进行考核，取得资格证书后方可从事相应方法和技术等级的无损检测工作。 8.3 采用多种无损检测的合格条件 锅炉受压部件如采用多种无损检测方法进行检测，则应按各自验收标准进行评定，均合格后，方可认为无损检测合格。 8.4 检测记录 制造单位应如实填写无损检测记录，正确签发无损检测报告，妥善保管无损检测的操作指导书、原始记录、报告、检测部位图、射线底片、光盘或电子文档等资料(含缺陷返修记录)，其保存期限不少于7年。