Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 15: Phased-array ultrasonic testing
1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies the phased-array ultrasonic testing method and quality grading requirements of pressure equipment. The phased-array ultrasonic testing in accordance with the relevant technical requirements of this document is recordable pulse reflection ultrasonic testing.
1.2 This document is applicable to the phased-array ultrasonic testing of raw materials, parts and components and welded joints made of metallic materials during the production and use of pressure equipment.
1.3 Refer to Annex A (informative) for the phased-array ultrasonic testing of electrofusion joint of polyethylene pipeline.
1.4 For the phased-array ultrasonic testing of materials, structures and welded joints of pressure equipment not covered by this document, if it meets the testing requirements after process validation, it may be conducted by reference to this document. This document may also serve as reference for the phased-array ultrasonic testing of supports and structural members related to pressure equipment.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute indispensable provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 699 Quality carbon structure steels
GB/T 11259 Non-destructive testing - Practice for fabrication and control of steel reference blocks used in ultrasonic testing
GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Terms used in ultrasonic testing
GB/T 29302 Non-destructive testing instruments - Characterization and verification of phased array ultrasonic examination systems
GB/T 29460 Safety assessment for electrofusion joint of polyethylene pipes containing defects
DL/T 694-2012 The technical guide of ultrasonic inspection for high-temperature tight bolts
JB/T 8428 Non-destructive testing - General specification for ultrasonic blocks
JB/T 9214 Non-destructive testing- Test methods for evaluating performance characteristics of A-scan pulse-echo ultrasonic testing systems
JB/T 10062 Testing methods for performance of probes used in ultrasonic flaw detection
JB/T 11731 Non-destructive testing - General specification for ultrasonic phased array probe
JB/T 11779 Non-destructive testing - Specifications for phased array ultrasonic testing instruments
NB/T 47013.1 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 1: General requirements
NB/T 47013.3 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing
NB/T 47013.10 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 10: Ultrasonic time of flight diffraction technique
JJF 1338 Calibration specification for ultrasonic phased array flaw detectors
ASTM E-317 Standard practice for evaluating performance characteristics of ultrasonic pulse-
echo testing instruments and systems without the use of electronic measurement instruments
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 12604.1, GB/T 29460 and NB/T 47013.1 and the following apply.
3.1
coordinate definition
definition of starting reference point O and coordinates X, Y and Z. For welded joints, the coordinate definition is shown in Figure 1
O——Set starting reference point for testing; X——Coordinate along the length of the weld;
Y——Coordinate along the width of the weld; Z——Coordinate along the thickness of the weld
Figure 1 Coordinate definition
3.2
phased-array ultrasonic testing
ultrasonic testing method of activating each independent piezoelectric wafer (array element) of the array probe according to the set delay law to synthesize sound beam and realize the functions such as beam moving, deflecting and focusing; then processing the ultrasonic signals received by each array element according to certain delay law, and displaying the internal state of the tested object in the form of image
3.3
delay law
control law used for beamforming and ultrasonic signal reception and synthesis, generally referring to the time sequence and time interval of each array element circuit of the array probe involved in ultrasonic transmission and reception
3.4
active aperture
size of primary active array element. For a one-dimensional linear-array probe, if the size of a primary active array element group is as shown in Figure 2, its active aperture length is the size A in active direction, and the active aperture width is the array element length w
A value is calculated using Equation (1):
A=n·e+g(n-1)=n·p-g (1)
A——the active aperture length; g——the gap between adjacent array elements; e——the array element width;
n——the number of active array elements; p——the center distance between two adjacent array elements; w——the array element length
Figure 2 Active aperture of one-dimensional linear-array probe
3.5
probe effluence point
point where the center of the sound beam formed by the active probe array group effluent from the wedge
3.6
electronic scanning
method of adopting a specific delay law to control each array element in the array probe, so that the sound beam generated by the array probe may move in the tested area of the workpiece without moving the probe, including linear electronic scanning, sectorial electronic scanning and dynamic focusing, etc.
3.7
linear electronic scanning, L-scan
method of adopting the same delay law successively for different array element groups of the same array probe to realize the sound beam movement along the length direction of the phased-array probe, which is similar to the movement effect of probe scan in A-mode pulse reflection ultrasonic testing
3.8
sectorial electronic scanning, S-scan
method of adopting different deflection delay laws successively for the same array element group to realize the deflection movement of the sound beam in a certain angle range
3.9
scan
relative movement between the probe and the workpiece, which may be realized manually by testing personnel or in mechanical way
3.10
mechanical scan
movement of probe with a mechanical device. For welded joints, it may be classified into longitudinal scan, transverse scan and scan with oblique beam etc. according to the relationship between the probe moving direction and the weld length direction
3.11
longitudinal scan
mechanical scan mode in which the probe moves along the weld length direction (i.e. the X-axis direction in Figure 1) at a certain distance S from the centerline of the weld. It may be classified into longitudinal scan with perpendicular beam, longitudinal scan with oblique beam and longitudinal scan with parallel beam etc. according to the relative relationship between the sound beam direction and the moving direction of the probe
3.12
longitudinal scan with perpendicular beam
longitudinal scan mode in which the probe moves along the length direction of the weld, and the incident sound beam direction of the probe is perpendicular to the moving direction, as shown in Figure 3
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
5 Phased-array ultrasonic testing method and quality grading of raw materials or parts and components for pressure equipment
6 Phased-array ultrasonic testing method and quality grading of welded joints of pressure equipment
7 Testing record and report
Annex A (Informative) Phased-array ultrasonic testing method and quality grading of electrofusion joints of polyethylene pipelines for pressure equipment
Annex B (Informative) General communication format for digital ultrasonic testing data
Annex C (Normative) Performance indicator requirements of phased-array ultrasonic testing instrument
Annex D (Normative) Performance indicator requirements of phased-array ultrasonic probe
Annex E (Informative) Typical patterns of phased-array ultrasonic testing of welded joints
Annex F (Informative) Phased-array ultrasonic testing method and quality grading of steel bolts and steel bolt blanks for pressure equipment
Annex G (Normative) Phased-array ultrasonic transverse-wave oblique beam testing method and quality grading of plates for pressure equipment
Annex H (Normative) Fully automatic zonal focused phased array ultrasonic testing of circumferential butt joint of steel oil and gas long-distance pipeline
Annex I (Informative) Phased-array ultrasonic testing method and quality grading of austenitic stainless steel butt joints
Annex J (Informative) TFM phased-array ultrasonic testing of welded joints
Annex K (Informative) Measurement of defect height by transverse wave endpoint diffraction method
