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GB/T 24131 consists of the following two parts under the general title Rubber, raw - Determination of volatile matter content:
——Part 1: Hot-mill method and oven method;
——Part 2: Thermogravimetric methods using an automatic analyser with an infrared drying unit.
This is Part 1 of GB/T 24131.
This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 24131-2009 Rubber, raw - Determination of volatile matter content. In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 24131-2009:
——“Terms and definitions” is added (see Clause 3);
——the technical contents of hot-mill method, procedure A are modified to be consistent with those in ISO 248-1: 2011 (see 5.3.1 and 5.4.1; 4.2.1 and 4.3.1 of Edition 2009);
——the hot-mill method, procedure B is modified to be classified into hot-mill method, procedure B1 and hot-mill method, procedure B2, among which, hot-mill method, procedure B1 is hot-mill method, procedure B in GB/T 24131-2009, and hot-mill method, procedure B2 is hot-mill method, procedure A in GB/T 24131-2009 (see 5.3.2; 4.2.2 of Edition 2009);
——the reserved decimal places of test results are added (see 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 6.4.1.1, 6.4.1.2 and 6.4.2);
——"Allow to cool to room temperature before the final weighing" is added (see 6.3.1.1.1);
——the requirements for oven method, procedure B are modified:
a) the requirement of passing the test sample twice through the mill is added (see 6.3.2.1);
b) the requirements for weighing dish are modified to be consistent with those specified in oven method, procedure A (see 6.3.2.2; 5.2.2.2 of Edition 2009);
c) the drying time is modified to 2h (see 6.3.2.2; 5.2.2.2 of Edition 2009).
——the requirements for precision are modified;
a) Annex A of Edition 2009 is adjusted to Annex C of this standard.
b) the requirements for precision of hot-mill method, procedure A are added (see Annex C);
c) the guidance for application of tolerance and precision is deleted (see 6.2 of Edition 2009);
——Annexes A and B are added.
This part has been redrafted and modified in relation to ISO 248-1:2011 Rubber, raw - Determination of volatile-matter content Part 1: Hot-mill method and oven method.
Technical deviations between this part and ISO 248-1:2011 are as follows:
——adjustments on technical differences are made for the normative references of this part in order to adapt to the technical conditions of China, as follows:
ISO 1629 is replaced by GB/T 5576, which is identical to the international standard;
ISO 2393 is replaced by GB/T 6038, which is modified in relation to the international standard;
ISO 1795 is replaced by GB/T 15340, which is identical to the international standard.
——in hot-mill method, procedure A, the clearance of the mill rolls is modified from 0.25±0.05mm to 0.30±0.05mm (see 5.3.1.2 and 5.3.2.1.2; 5.3.1.2 of ISO 248-1:2011);
——the requirements for hot-mill method, procedure B are modified:
a) hot-mill method, procedure B is classified into hot-mill method, procedure B1 and hot-mill method, procedure B2, among which, hot-mill method, procedure B1 is hot-mill method, procedure B in ISO 248-1:2011, and hot-mill method, procedure B2 is an added procedure (see 5.3.2.1 and 5.3.2.2; 5.3.2 of ISO 248-1:2011);
b) the clearance of the mill rolls is modified from 0.25±0.05mm to 0.30±0.05mm (see 5.3.2.1.2 and 5.3.2.2.2; 5.3.2.2 of ISO 248-1:2011).
——the reserved decimal places of test results are added (see 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 6.4.1.1, 6.4.1.2 and 6.4.2);
——"Allow to cool to room temperature before the final weighing" is added (see 6.3.1.1.1);
——the requirements for oven method, procedure B are modified:
a) the requirement of passing the test sample twice through the mill is added (see 6.3.2.1);
b) the clearance of the mill rolls is modified from 0.25±0.05mm to 0.30±0.05mm (see 6.3.2.1; 6.3.2.1 of ISO 248-1:2011);
c) the requirements for weighing dish are modified to be consistent with those specified in oven method, procedure A (see 6.3.2.2; 6.3.2.2 of ISO 248-1:2011);
d) the drying time is modified to 2h (see 6.3.2.1 and 6.3.2.2; 6.3.2.1 and 6.3.2.2 of ISO 248-1:2011).
Editorial changes have been made in this part as follows:
——the requirements for precision of hot-mill method, procedure A are added (see Annex C).
This part was proposed by China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association.
This part is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Rubber & Products of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 35).
Drafting organizations of this part: Petrochemical Research Institute of PetroChina Company Limited, Rubber Branch, Chambroad Petrochemicals Co., Ltd., Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, CNPC Daqing Petrochemical Complex and Shenyang Rubber Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd.
Chief drafters of this part: Zhai Yueqin, Liu Baicen, Lu Guang, Yan Guangyao, Zhao Chuanhua, Wu Yi, Kong Bo, Bai Yingjun, Zhao Huihui, Li Xiaoyin, Chen Genping, Sun Lijun and Shen Hailong.
The previous edition of this part is as follows:
——GB/T 24131-2009.
Rubber, raw - Determination of volatile matter content - Part 1: Hot-mill method and oven method
WARNING — Persons using this part should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This part does not address all potential safety problems. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
IMPORTANT — Certain procedures specified in this part might involve the use or generation of substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitute a local environmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use.
1 Scope
1.1 This part of GB/T 24131 specifies two methods for the determination of volatile matter content in raw rubbers by using a hot mill or an oven.
1.2 The methods are applicable to the determination of the volatile matter content in the “R” group of rubbers listed in GB/T 5576. These are rubbers having an unsaturated carbon chain, for example natural rubber and synthetic rubbers derived at least partly from diolefins. The methods may also be applicable to other raw rubbers, but in these cases, it is necessary to demonstrate that the change in mass is due solely to loss of actual volatile matter and not to rubber degradation.
1.3 The hot-mill method is not applicable to natural rubber, to synthetic rubbers which are too difficult to handle on a hot mill or to synthetic rubbers in powder or chip form.
1.4 The test methods do not necessarily give identical results. Therefore, in cases of dispute, the oven method, procedure A, is the reference method.
Note: The applicability of each test method to various types of rubber is summarized in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 5576 Rubber and latices - Nomenclature (GB/T 5576-1997, ISO 1629:1995, IDT)
GB/T 6038 Rubber test mixes - Preparation, mixing and vulcanization - Equipment and procedures (GB/T 6038-2006, ISO 2393:1994, MOD)
GB/T 15340 Rubber, raw natural and raw synthetic - Sampling and further preparative procedures (GB/T 15340-2008, ISO 1795:2002, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15340 as well as the following apply.
3.1
test portion
rubber taken from the test sample or laboratory sample for the purpose of a single specific test, for example, rubber weighed out for a single determination of volatile matter content
4 Principle
4.1 Hot-mill method
A test portion is sheeted out on a heated mill until all volatile matter is driven off. The loss in mass during milling is calculated and expressed as the volatile matter content. If the test portion is homogenized in accordance with Annex B before drying, the loss in mass during the homogenization is included in the calculation.
4.2 Oven method
A test portion is dried in an oven to constant mass. The loss in mass is calculated and expressed as the volatile matter content. If the test portion is homogenized in accordance with Annex B before drying, the loss in mass during the homogenization is included in the calculation.
5 Hot-mill method
5.1 General
5.1.1 Two procedures are specified, as follows:
Hot-mill method, procedure A: A test sample is homogenized using a laboratory mill, and a test portion from the homogenized test sample is dried to constant mass using a hot mill.
Hot-mill method, procedure B: A test portion is dried to constant mass using a hot mill.
Note: Procedure B is a simplified one which does not include a homogenization process.
5.1.2 When the sample is flaky or becomes sticky on the hot mill, making weighing difficult or impossible, the oven method shall be used.
5.1.3 The number of test portions shall be agreed between the interested parties.
5.2 Apparatus
5.2.1 Mill, complying with the requirements of GB/T 6038.
5.2.2 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0.000 1g.
5.3 Procedure
5.3.1 Hot-mill method, procedure A
5.3.1.1 Take a test sample of about 250g from the laboratory sample in accordance with GB/T 15340 and homogenize it in accordance with Annex B. Weigh to the nearest 0.1g before and after homogenization (masses m1 and m2, respectively). Cut test portions needed for other chemical and physical tests from the homogenized test sample, if necessary.
5.3.1.2 Adjust the clearance of the mill rolls to 0.30±0.05mm, using lead strips as specified in GB/T 6038. Maintain the surface temperature of the rolls at 105±5℃.
5.3.1.3 Pass a weighed test portion (mass m3), preferably of 100g or more, taken from the homogenized test sample repeatedly through the mill for 4min. Do not allow the test portion to band and take care to prevent any loss of material. Weigh the test portion to the nearest 0.1g. Pass the test portion through the mill for an additional 2min and reweigh to the nearest 0.1g. If the masses at the end of the 4min and 6min periods differ by less than 0.1g, calculate the volatile matter content. Otherwise, continue passing the test portion through the mill for 2min periods until the mass does not decrease by more than 0.1g between successive weighings (final mass m4). Before each weighing, allow the test portion to cool to room temperature in a desiccator.
5.3.2 Hot-mill method, procedure B
5.3.2.1 Hot-mill method, procedure B1
5.3.2.1.1 Take a test portion of about 250g from the laboratory sample and weigh to the nearest 0.1g (mass m5).
5.3.2.1.2 Adjust the clearance of the mill rolls to 0.30±0.05mm, using lead strips as specified in GB/T 6038. Maintain the surface temperature of the rolls at 105±5℃. Pass the test portion through the mill not less than twice, then reweigh to the nearest 0.1g, followed by passing through the mill not less than twice again and reweighing.
5.3.2.1.3 If the difference in mass of the test portion before and after it is passed through the rolls is less than 0.1g, the test portion is considered to be well dried. If it is not well dried, continue passing the test portion twice through the rolls until the mass difference is less than 0.1g (final mass m6).
5.3.2.2 Hot-mill method, procedure B2
5.3.2.2.1 Take a test portion of about 250g from the laboratory sample and weigh to the nearest 0.1g (mass m5).
5.3.2.2.2 Adjust the clearance of the mill rolls to 0.30±0.05mm, using lead strips as specified in GB/T 6038. Maintain the surface temperature of the rolls at 105±5℃. Pass the test portion repeatedly through the mill for 4min, then reweigh to the nearest 0.1g, followed by passing through the mill for an additional 2min and reweighing to the nearest 0.1g.
5.3.2.2.3 If the masses at the end of the 4min and 6min periods differ by less than 0.1g, calculate the volatile matter content. Otherwise, continue passing the test portion through the mill for 2min periods until the mass does not decrease by more than 0.1g between successive weighings (final mass m6).
Note: Cooling in a desiccator before weighing is desirable.
5.4 Expression of results
5.4.1 Hot-mill method, procedure A
The volatile matter content ω1 is given, as a percent mass fraction (%), by Equation (1):
(1)
where,
m2——the mass of the test sample after homogenization, g;
m4——the mass of the test portion after milling, g;
m1——the mass of the test sample before homogenization, g;
m3——the mass of the test portion before milling, g.
The calculation result is rounded off to two decimal places.
5.4.2 Hot-mill method, procedure B
The volatile matter content ω2 is given, as a percent mass fraction (%), by Equation (2):
(2)
where,
m5——the mass of the test portion before milling, g;
m6——the mass of the test portion after milling, g.
The calculation result is rounded off to two decimal places.
6 Oven method
6.1 General
6.1.1 Two procedures are specified, as follows:
Oven method, procedure A: A test sample is homogenized using a laboratory mill, and a test portion taken from the homogenized test sample is dried in an oven to constant mass. If the sample is in powder form or impossible to weigh before and after homogenization, a test portion shall simply be dried, without carrying out the homogenization process.
Oven method, procedure B: A test sample is sheeted out using a laboratory mill, and a test portion taken from the sheeted test sample is dried in an oven for 1h. If the sample is in powder form or is difficult to pass through the mill, the test portion shall simply be dried, without carrying out the sheeting process. This procedure is only applicable to synthetic rubbers since natural rubber requires homogenization.
6.1.2 The number of test portions shall be agreed between the interested parties.
6.2 Apparatus
6.2.1 Oven: ventilated, preferably of the air-circulation type, capable of being maintained at 105±5℃.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Hot-mill method
6 Oven method
7 Precision
8 Test report
Annex A (Informative) Selection of appropriate test method
Annex B (Normative) Homogenization
Annex C (Informative) Precision
Bibliography
ICS 83.060
G 40
GB
中华人民共和国国家标准
GB/T 24131.1—2018
代替GB/T 24131—2009
生橡胶 挥发分含量的测定
第1部分:热辊法和烘箱法
Rubber, raw—Determination of volatile matter content—
Part 1: Hot-mill method and oven method
(ISO 248-1:2011,MOD)
2018-09-17发布 2019-04-01实施
国家市场监督管理总局
中国国家标准化管理委员会 发布
前言
GB/T 24131《生橡胶 挥发分含量的测定》分为两个部分:
——第1部分:热辊法和烘箱法;
——第2部分:带红外线干燥单元的自动分析仪加热失重法。
本部分为GB/T 24131的第1部分。
本部分按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。
本部分代替GB/T 24131—2009《生橡胶 挥发分含量的测定》,与GB/T 24131—2009相比,除编辑性修改外主要技术变化如下:
——增加了术语和定义(见第3章);
——修改了热辊法A的技术内容,与ISO 248-1:2011的热辊法A规定一致(见5.3.1、5.4.1,2009年版的4.2.1、4.3.1);
——修改了热辊法B,将热辊法B分为热辊法B1和热辊法B2。其中热辊法B1为GB/T 24131—2009中热辊法B,热辊法B2为GB/T 24131—2009热辊法A(见5.3.2,2009年版的4.2.2);
——增加了试验结果的保留位数(见5.4.1、5.4.2、6.4.1.1、6.4.1.2、6.4.2);
——增加了在最后称量前,将试验样品冷却至室温(见6.3.1.2.1);
——修改了烘箱法B:
a) 增加试验样 品在开炼机辊筒上过辊2次(见6.3.2.1);
b) 修改称量皿的要求与烘箱法A规定一致(见6.3.2.2,2009年版的5.2.2.2);
c) 修改烘干时间为2h(见6.3.2.2,2009年版的5.2.2.2)。
——修改了精密度:
a) 将2009版的附录A调整到附录C;
b) 增加热辊法A的精密度(见附录C);
c) 删除了允许差和精密度应用指南(2009年版的6.2)。
——增加了附录A和附录B。
本部分使用重新起草法修改采用ISO 248-1:2011《生橡胶 挥发分含量的测定 第1部分:热辊法和烘箱法》。
本部分与ISO 248-1:2011的技术性差异如下:
——关于规范性引用文件,本部分做了具有技术性差异的调整,以适应我国的技术条件,具体对应的国家标准如下:
· 用等同采用 国际标准的GB/T 5576代替了ISO 1629;
· 用修改采用国际标准的GB/T 6038代替了ISO 2393;
· 用等同采用国际标准的GB/T 15340代替了ISO 1795。
——修改了热辊法A,开炼机辊间距由0.25mm±0.05mm修改为0.30mm±0.05mm(见5.3.1.2、5.3.2.1.2,ISO 248-1:2011年版的5.3.1.2);
——修改了热辊法B:
a) 将热辊法B分为热辊法B1和热辊法B2,其中热辊法B1为ISO 248-1:2011的B法,热辊法B2为增加的方法(见5.3.2.1、5.3.2.2,ISO 248-1:2011年版的5.3.2);
b) 开炼机辊间距由0.25mm±0.05mm修改为0.30mm±0.05mm(见5.3.2.1.2、5.3.2.2.2,ISO 248-1:2011年版的5.3.2.2)。
——增加了试验结果的保留位数(见5.4.1、5.4.2、6.4.1.1、6.4.1.2、6.4.2);
——增加了在最后称量前,将试验样品冷却至室温(见6.3.1.2.1);
——修改了烘箱法B:
a) 增加试验样品在开炼机辊筒上过辊2次(见6.3.2.1);
b) 开炼机辊间距由0.25mm±0.05mm修改为0.30mm±0.05mm(见6.3.2.1,ISO 248-1:2011年版的6.3.2.1);
c) 修改称量皿的要求与烘箱法A规定一致(见6.3.2.2,ISO 248-1:2011年版的6.3.2.2);
d) 修改烘干时间为2h(见6.3.2.1、6.3.2.2,ISO 248-1:2011年版的6.3.2.1、6.3.2.2)。
本部分做了下列编辑性修改:
——增加了热辊法A的精密度(见附录C)。
本部分由中国石油和化学工业联合会提出。
本部分由全国橡胶与橡胶制品标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 35)归口。
本部分所代替标准的历次版本发布情况为:
——GB/T 24131—2009。
生橡胶 挥发分含量的测定
第1部分:热辊法和烘箱法
警示——使用本部分的人员应熟悉正规实验室的操作规程。本部分并未指出所有可能的安全问题。使用者有责任采取适当的安全和健康措施,并保证符合国家有关法规规定的条件。
注意——本部分某些步骤中可能涉及使用的或生成的物质或产生的废弃物,对当地环境造成危害,试验后应按照相关文件进行安全处理和处置。
1 范围
1.1 GB/T 24131.1的本部分规定了用热辊法和烘箱法测定生橡胶中挥发分含量的两种方法。
1.2 这些方法适用于测定列入GB/T 5576中R组橡胶的挥发分含量。R组橡胶是指含有不饱和碳链的橡胶,例如天然橡胶和至少部分由双烯烃合成的橡胶。这些方法也可适用于测定其他橡胶,但在这种情况下,必须验证质量的改变仅是由于实际挥发性物质的损失而不是橡胶降解所致。
1.3 热辊法不适用于天然橡胶及在热辊上难以处理的合成橡胶,也不适用于碎片状和粉末状橡胶。
1.4 按这些方法测定未必能得到相同的结果。因此,在有争议的情况下,烘箱法A为参照法。
注:不同类型的橡胶所适用的试验方法参见附录A。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 5576 橡胶和乳胶命名法(GB/T 5576—1997,ISO 1629:1995,IDT)
GB/T 6038 橡胶试验胶料 配料、混炼和硫化设备及操作程序(GB/T 6038—2006,ISO 2393:1994,MOD)
GB/T 15340 天然、合成生胶取样及其制样方法(GB/T 15340—2008,ISO 1795:2002,IDT)
3 术语和定义
GB/T 15340界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
试样 test portion
取自试验样品或实验室样品用于某项测试的胶样。例如用于一次测定挥发分含量称量的胶样。
4 原理
4.1 热辊法
试样在已加热的开炼机上辊压直到所有的挥发分逸出。辊压过程中的质量损失即为挥发分含量。如果试样在干燥前按照附录B进行均匀化,则挥发分含量计算应包括均匀化过程中的质量损失。
4.2 烘箱法
试样在烘箱中干燥至质量恒定。在此过程中质量损失即为挥发分含量。如果试样在干燥前按照附录B进行均匀化,则挥发分含量计算应包括均匀化过程中的质量损失。
5 热辊法
5.1 概要
5.1.1 两种方法概要如下:
热辊法A:将试验样品在实验室开炼机上进行均匀化,从均匀化后的试验样品中称取试样在已加热的开炼机上干燥至质量恒定。
热辊法B:试样在已加热的开炼机上干燥至质量恒定。
注:热辊法B是不进行均匀化的简便方法。
5.1.2 如果胶样在开炼机上易成碎片或粘热辊,导致称量困难或难以称量时,则应采用烘箱法。
5.1.3 试样的数量应由相关方协商确定。
5.2 设备
5.2.1 开炼机,应符合GB/T 6038的要求。
5.2.2 天平,能精确至0.0001g。
5.3 操作步骤
5.3.1 热辊法A
5.3.1.1 按GB/T 15340的规定从实验室样品中称取约250g试验样品并按附录B均匀化。称量均匀化前后试验样品的质量(质量分别为m1和m2),精确至0.1g。如有必要,从均匀化后的试验样品中剪取其他化学和物理试验需要的试样。
5.3.1.2 调节辊间距为0.30mm±0.05mm,按GB/T 6038使用铅条的方法测量辊距,辊筒表面温度保持在105℃±5℃。
5.3.1.3 从均匀化后的试验样品中称量试样,优先选用100g或更大质量(质量m3),精确至0.1g,反复通过开炼机4min.不准许试样包辊,并要谨慎操作以防止试样损失。再将试样在开炼机上通过2min,再称量,精确至0.1g。如果在4min末和6min末的质量之差小于0.1g,计算挥发分的含量。否则,再将试样在开炼机上通过2min,直至连续两次称量值之差小于0.1g(最终质量m4)。在每次称量前,应将试样放在干燥器中冷却至室温。
5.3.2 热辊法B
5.3.2.1 热辊法B1
5.3.2.1.1 从实验室样品中称取约250g试样,精确至0.1g(质量m5)。
5.3.2.1.2 调节辊筒间距为0.30mm±0.05mm,按GB/T 6038使用铅条的方法测量辊距,辊筒表面温度保持在105℃±5℃。将试样至少通过辊筒两次,称量,精确至0.1g。再将试样至少通过辊筒两次并称量。
5.3.2.1.3 如果试样通过辊筒前后质量差小于0.1g,可以认为试样已完全干燥。否则,继续将试样通过辊筒两次,直至连续两次称量值之差小于0.1g(最终质量m6)。
5.3.2.2 热辊法B2
5.3.2.2.1 从实验室样 品中称取约250g试样,精确至0.1g(质量m5)。
5.3.2.2.2 调节辊距为0.30mm±0.05mm,按GB/T 6038使用铅条的方法测量辊距,辊筒表面温度保持在105℃±5℃。将试样反复通过开炼机4min,称量,精确至0.1g。再将试样在开炼机上通过2min,称量,精确至0.1g。
5.3.2.2.3 如果在4min末和6min末的质量之差小于0.1g,计算挥发分的含量。否则,将试样在开炼机上再通过2min,直至连续两次称量值之差小于0.1g(最终质量m6)。
注:试验后试样最好放在干燥器中冷却。
5.4 结果表示
5.4.1 热辊法A
挥发分含量(w1)以质量分数(%)计,按式(1)计算:
(1)
式中:
m2——均匀化后 试验样品的质量,单位为克(g);
m4——过辊后试样的质量,单位为克(g);
m1——均匀化前试验样品的质量,单位为克(g);
m3——过辊前试样的质量,单位为克(g)。
所得结果表示至小数点后两位。
5.4.2 热辊法B
挥发分含量(w2)以质量分数(%)计,按式(2)计算:
(2)
式中:
m5——过辊前试样的质量,单位为克(g);
m6——过辊后试样的质量,单位为克(g)。
所得结果表示至小数点后两位。
6 烘箱法
6.1 概要
6.1.1 两种方法概要如下:
烘箱法A:将试验样品在实验室开炼机上进行均匀化,从均匀化后试验样品中称取试样在烘箱中干燥至恒定质量。如果橡胶为粉末状或在均匀化前后难以称量,试样无需均化仅需要进行干燥。
烘箱法B:将试验样品在实验室开炼机上辊压成胶片,从辊压的胶片中称取试样并在烘箱中干燥1h。如果橡胶是粉末状或难以过辊,试样不用均匀化、压片,可以直接干燥。该方法只适用于合成橡胶,因为天然橡胶需要均匀化。
6.1.2 试样的数量应由相关方协商确定。
6.2 设备
6.2.1 烘箱:通风,优选空气循环型的,温度能控制在105℃±5℃。
6.2.2 天平:能精确至0.0001g。
6.2.3 开炼机:应符合GB/T 6038的要求。
6.3 操作步骤
6.3.1 烘箱法A
6.3.1.1 天然橡胶
6.3.1.1.1 按GB/T 15340从实验室样品中称取约600g试验样品并按附录B均匀化。称量均匀化前后试验样品的质量(质量分别为m7和m8),精确至0.1g。均匀化的试验样品冷却至室温后称量。如有必要,从均匀化后试验样品中剪取试样,用于其他化学和物理试验。
6.3.1.1.2 从均匀化后 的试验样品中称取约10g试样,精确至0.001g(质量m9)。
6.3.1.1.3 设置开炼机辊筒表面温度70℃±5℃,将试样通过辊筒两次压成厚度小于2mm的薄片。
6.3.1.1.4 将试样放入105℃±5℃的烘箱中干燥1h,打开通风口,如果安装了循环风扇,也将其打开。放置试样使其尽可能最大面积与热空气接触。取出试样放在干燥器中冷却至室温并称量。重复干燥试样30min冷却后称量,直到连续两次称量值之差不大于0.001g(最终质量m10)。
6.3.1.1.5 如果橡胶为粉末状,可随机称取约10g试样,置于方便称量的干净的玻璃表面皿或铝碟中称量(质量m9),精确至0.001g。按6.3.1.1.4干燥试样并称量(最终质量m10),精确至0.001g。
6.3.1.2 合成橡胶
6.3.1.2.1 按GB/T 15340从实验室样品中称取约250g试验样品并按附录B进行均匀化。称量均匀化前后试验样品的质量(质量分别为m7和m8),精确至0.1g。如有必要,从均匀化后试验样品中剪取试样,用于其他化学和物理试验。
6.3.1.2.2 从均匀化后的试验样品中称取约10g试样,精确至0.001g(质量m9)。
6.3.1.2.3 设置开炼机辊筒温度70℃±5℃,将试样通过辊筒两次压成厚度小于2mm的薄片。
6.3.1.2.4 如果试样不能压成薄片,则从均匀化后的试验样品中称取约10g试样,手工剪成边长2mm~5mm的胶块,置于方便称量的干净的玻璃表面皿或铝碟中,称量,精确至0.001g(质量m9)。
6.3.1.2.5 按6.3.1.1.4干燥试样并称量,精确至0.001g(最终质量m10)。
6.3.1.2.6 如果橡胶粘辊而难以称量均匀化前后试验样品的质量,则直接从实验室样品中取约10g试样,手工剪成边长2mm~5mm的胶块,置于方便称量的干净的玻璃表面皿或铝碟中称量,精确至0.001g(质量m9)。按6.3.1.1.4干燥试样并称量,精确至0.001g(最终质量m10)。
6.3.1.2.7 如果橡胶为粉末状,可随机称取约10g试样,置于玻璃表面皿或便于称量的铝碟中称量。精确至0.001g(质量m9)。按6.3.1.1.4干燥试样并称量,精确至0.001g(最终质量m10)。
6.3.2 烘箱法B
6.3.2.1 取约250g试验样品,在表面温度约30℃、辊间距为0.30mm±0.05mm的开炼机辊筒上过辊2次,压成薄片。从此薄片随机取两份约50g试样,精确至0.01g(质量m11)。将试样放入温度为105℃±5℃的烘箱中干燥2h,取出,放入干燥器中冷却至室温称量,精确至0.01g(质量m12)。
6.3.2.2 如果样品是粉末状或粘辊而不能制成薄片或过辊后成碎片,则直接从实验室样品中取两份约10g试样。如果需要,将试样剪成边长2mm~5mm胶块。置于方便称量的干净的玻璃表面皿或铝碟中称量,精确至0.001g(质量m11)。再将盛有试样的容器放入温度为105℃±5℃的烘箱中干燥2h。取出,放入干燥器中冷却至室温,再次称量,精确至0.001g(质量m12)。
6.4 结果表示
6.4.1 烘箱法A
6.4.1.1 当试样是从均匀化后试验样品中称取时(见6.3.1.1.2,6.3.1.2.2和6.3.1.2.4),挥发分含量(w3)以质量分数(%)表示,按式(3)计算:
(3)
式中:
m8——均匀化后试验样品的质量,单位为克(g);
m10——干燥后试样的质量,单位为克(g);
m7——均匀化前试验样品的质量,单位为克(g);
m9——干燥前试样的质量, 单位为克(g)。
所得结果表示至小数点后两位。
6.4.1.2 当样品是粉末状或粘辊时(见6.3.1.1.5,6.3.1.2.6和6.3.1.2.7),挥发分含量(w4),以质量分数(%)表示,按式(4)计算:
(4)
式中:
m9——干燥前试样的质量,单位为克(g);
m10——干燥后试样的质量,单位为克(g)。
所得结果表示至小数点后两位。
6.4.2 烘箱法B
挥发分含量(w5)以质量分数(%)表示,按式(5)计算:
(5)
式中:
m11——干燥前试样的质量,单位为克(g);
m12——干燥后试样的质量,单位为克(g)。
所得结果取平行试验结果的平均值,表示至小数点后两位。
7 精密度
参见附录C。
8 试验报告
试验报告应包括以下内容:
a) 有关样品的详细说明;
b) 试验方法:
1) 本部分标准编号;
2) 使用的方法(热辊法A、热辊法B1、热辊法B2、烘箱法A或烘箱法B);
c) 试验信息:
1) 测试样品的数量;
2) 不包括在本部分中的任何自选的操作;
3) 测定过程中任何异常情况;
d) 试验结果;
e) 试验日期。
附录A
(资料性附录)
试验方法的选择
A.1 GB/T 5576中R组橡胶
表A.1归纳出了本部分规定的试验方法在GB/T 5576“R”组橡胶中的应用。
表A.1 橡胶及适用的试验方法
方法 GB/T 5576中列出的R组橡胶
天然橡胶 合成橡胶
均匀化 粉末状 均匀化前后可称量 均匀化前后不可称量 粉末状
片状 可制片状 不可制片状 粘辊
热辊法 方法A N N Y N N N
方法B N N Y N N N
烘箱法 方法A Y Y Y Y Y Y
方法B N N Y Y Y Y
Y:适用
N:不适用
A.2 GB/T 5576中非R组橡胶
当本部分用于测定非R组的其他橡胶时,有必要验证质量的改变仅仅是由于原有挥发物的损失而不是橡胶降解所致,在通过验证的情况下可以从表A.1选择适用的试验方法。
附录B
(规范性附录)
均匀化
B.1 设备
开炼机:用于均匀化试验样品的开炼机应符合GB/T 6038的要求。
B.2 操作步骤
B.2.1 按试验方法规定称量试验样品,精确至0.1g。调节开炼机辊距为1.3mm±0.15mm,保持辊筒表面温度为70℃±5℃,在开炼机上过辊10次均匀化试验样品。
B.2.2 第2~9次过辊试验样品时将胶样打卷,再将胶卷纵向通过开炼机,散落的橡胶应全部混入试验样品中。
B.2.3 第10次过辊后,下片,将试验样品放入干燥器中冷却至室温后再称量,精确至0.1g。
附录C
(资料性附录)
精密度
C.1 概要
按ISO/TR 9272:1986规定完成重复性和再现性的精密度计算,有关精密度的概念和术语参见ISO/TR 9272。
C.2 1984年进行的ITP细节
C.2.1 1984年末,马来西亚橡胶研究院按实验室间试验程序(ITP)组织了一次精密度。两种类型的材料送往每个实验室,在3月和7月分别按两种独立程序进行试验。
a) 两种橡胶的混合样品A和B;
b) 两种单独的橡胶样品A和B。
C.2.2 对上述的两个混合样品和两个单独样品,试验结果是三次独立试验结果的平均值。
C.2.3 按烘箱法A测定挥发物含量。
C.2.4 按照ITP规定开展了1型精密度试验。重复性和再现性试验是在几天内完成,分别由14个实验室对混合样品开展试验,13个实验室对单独样品开展试验。
C.3 2003年进行的ITP细节
C.3.1 在2003年4月和5月期间,按ITP要求有7个实验室参与了热辊法B试验,8个实验室参与了烘箱法B试验。
C.3.2 按热辊法B和烘箱法B分别对样品C(SBR 1500)和样品D(非充油BR)两种生橡胶开展试验。
C.3.3 按照ITP规定上述实验室对两种生胶样品进行重复试验,得到的结果见表C.3和表C.4,分别给出烘箱法B和热辊法B平均值和精密度估算值。
C.4 2016年进行的ITP细节
C.4.1 在2016年10月,组织国内8家实验室按ITP要求开展了1型精密度试验,重复性和再现性试验是在几天内完成,有8个实验室参与了热辊法A试验。
C.4.2 按热辊法A对样品(BR 9000)和样品(SBR 1502)两种生橡胶开展试验。
C.4.3 样品统一分发给各实验室,试验结果是两次独立试验结果的平均值。按GB/T6379.2—2004规定计算精密度。
C.5 精密度结果
1984年按ITP对混合样品试验得到的精密度结果见表C.1,对单独样品试验得到的精密度结果见表C.2。
2003年按ITP对烘箱法B试验得到的精密度结果见表C.3,对热辊法B试验得到的精密度结果见表C.4。
2016年按ITP对热辊法A试验得到的精密度结果见表C.5。
如果没有将这些精密度评价结果实际应用到测试产品或材料的文件,那么按这些ITPs确定的精密度不应作为对任何材料或产品测试结果接受或拒绝的依据。
表C.1 烘箱法A精密度数据(混合样品)
橡胶样品 平均挥发分含量(质量分数)/% 实验室内重复性/% 实验室间再现性/%
r (r) R (R)
A 0.37 0.031 8.54 0.154 41.9
B 0.37 0.032 8.71 0.151 40.7
合并值 0.37 0.032 8.62 0.152 41.3
各符号的定义如下:
r:重复性限,以质量分数计。
(r):重复性限,以平均值的(相对)百分数计。
R:再现性限,以质量分数计。
(R):再现性限,以平均值的(相对)百分数计。
表C.2 烘箱法A精密度数据(单独样品)
橡胶样品 平均挥发分含量(质量分数)/% 实验室内重复性/% 实验室间再现性/%
r (r) R (R)
A 0.35 0.081 22.9 0.257 73.1
B 0.40 0.091 23.1 0.299 74.5
合并值 0.37 0.086 23.0 0.279 74.6
各符号的定义见表C.1。
表C.3 烘箱法B精密度数据
橡胶样品 平均挥发分含量/(质量分数)% 实验室内重复性/% 试验室间再现性/%
sr r (r) sR R (R)
C(SBR) 0.10 0.02 0.04 45.7 0.02 0.06 67.6
D(BR) 0.22 0.03 0.08 35.1 0.08 0.22 99.2
各符号的定义如下:
sr:重复性标准差。
sR:再现性标准差。
其他符号的定义见表C.1。
表C.4 热辊法B精密度数据
橡胶样品 平均挥发分含量/(质量分数)% 实验室内重复性/% 试验室间再现性/%
sr r (r) sR R (R)
C(SBR) 0.07 0.02 0.07 97.8 0.03 0.10 137.3
D(BR) 0.23 0.04 0.10 44.7 0.06 0.18 80.5
各符号的定义如下:
sr:重复性标准差。
sR:再现性标准差。
其他符号的定义见表C.1。
表C.5 热辊A法精密度数据
橡胶样品 平均值的质量分数/% 实验室内重复性/% 试验室间再现性/%
sr r (r) sR R (R)
BR 0.06 0.016 0.05 83.3 0.027 0.08 133.3
SBR 0.40 0.043 0.12 30.0 0.063 0.18 45.0
各符号的定义如下:
sr:重复性标准差。
sR:再现性标准差。
其他符号的定义见表C.1。
参考文献
[1] GB/T 6379.2—2004 测量方法与结果准确度(正确性与精密度) 第2部分:确定标准测量方法与再现性的基本方法
[2] ISO/TR 9272: 1986, Rubber and rubber products—Determination of precision for test method standards