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This standard is developed in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 18386-2005 Electric vehicles—Energy consumption and range—Test procedures. In addition to editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 18386-2005:
——the testing mass is greatly changed;
——the stipulation of testing gears is changed;
——the testing ambient temperature is changed, and the outside testing condition is deleted;
——the criteria of finishing the testing cycle are greatly changed, and the criteria of finishing the testing for the heavy-duty commercial vehicles are added;
——the stipulation for parking operation is added;
——the method of calculating the driving range and energy consumption for heavy-duty commercial vehicles is added;
——the testing cycles are changed, and the China typical city bus cycle of GB/T 19754 2015 and C-WTVC cycle of GB/T 27840-2011 are added;
——the recommended scheme of running resistance for heavy-duty commercial vehicles is added.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization (SAC/TC 114).
The previous edition of this standard is as follows:
——GB/T 18386-2005.
Electric vehicles—
Energy consumption and range—
Test procedures
1 Scope
This standard specifies test procedures for the energy consumption and range of battery electric vehicles (BEV).
This standard is applicable to battery electric vehicles. For electric right three-wheeled motorcycles, this standard may be referred.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 7258 Technical specifications for safety of power-driven vehicles operating on roads
GB/T 12534 Motor vehicles—General rules of road test method
GB 18352.5-2013 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (CHINA V)
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 19754-2015 Test methods for energy consumption of heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles
GB/T 27840-2011 Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this standard, the terms and definitions given in GB 7258 and GB/T 19596 apply.
4 Test procedures for range and energy consumption
4.1 General
The following test method permits measurement of the range in kilometers (km) and the energy consumption at the mains in watt-hours per kilometer (Wh/km).
4.2 Parameters, units and accuracy of measurements
Table 1 specifies parameters and their units and accuracy for test measurements.
Table 1 Parameters, units and accuracy for test measurements
Parameter Unit Accuracy Resolution
Time s ±0.1 0.1
Distance m ±0.1% 1
Temperature ℃ ±1 1
Speed km/h ±1% 0.2
Mass kg ±0.5% 1
Energy Wh ±1% 1
Voltage V ±0.3% FS a or ±1% rdg b 0.1
Current A ±0.3% FS or ±1% rdg 0.1
a FS: max display value or the length of ruler
b rad: reading value
4.3 Testing condition
4.3.1 Testing mass
Testing mass is the complete vehicle kerb mass and accessional mass. The accessional mass is as following:
——for M1, N1, M2 (the maximum design mass not more than 3 500 kg), the accessional mass is 100 kg;
——for city bus, the accessional mass is 65% of the maximum design pay mass;
——for all other vehicles, the accessional mass is the maximum design pay mass.
Requirements of passenger mass and payload distribution are specified in GB/T 12534.
Note: For semi-trailer towing vehicle, the maximum design payload mass is the maximum design towing mass.
4.3.2 Condition of vehicle
Testing vehicle shall apply load as per the different testing technical requirements.
Tyres shall be the types required by the original motor manufacturer as spare parts, and pump air into the tyre with the pressure which is corresponding to the maximum testing payload and maximum testing speed. The lubricating oil viscosity of the mechanical motion parts shall be in line with the request from manufacturer's specification.
Lighting on vehicle, signal device and other auxiliary equipment shall be turned off, only if request of these devices in testing or vehicle operation in daytime.
Except for driving use, all the energy storage systems shall be charged to the maximum status specified by the manufacturer (electrical energy, hydraulic pressure, air pressure etc.)
Testing driver shall operate as per the vehicle manufacturer required and keep the power storage battery working at normal operating temperature.
Before the testing, the vehicle must drive at least 300 km with the propelled battery installed on it.
4.3.3 Ambient temperature condition
Indoor test at ambient temperature 20℃~30℃.
4.3.4 Testing gear
If the recommended vehicle driving mode by the manufacturer can be matching with the referred condition curve, use this driving mode; if not, use the higher mode than the maximum speed.
4.4 Testing procedure
4.4.1 General
Use the same testing procedure to identify the energy consumption and driving range. Testing procedure includes three parts as below:
a) Charge the power storage battery for the first time (see 4.4.4);
b) Test the driving range at conditions or at average speed (see 4.4.5);
c) Charge the power storage battery after testing, measure the energy from the mains (see 4.4.6).
For M1, N1, M2 (the maximum design mass not more than 3 500 kg), between the testing procedures, if vehicle needs to be moved, the power storage battery on the vehicle cannot be used to move it to another testing location, and regenerative braking system is not acting. For all the vehicles except those listed above, if it needs to be moved, it can use the battery on vehicle to propel. More details can be seen in 4.4.5.2.2.
4.4.2 Tolerance
Speed tolerance and time tolerance in the testing cycle shall be matching with the requirements of tolerance and benchmark curves showed in Figure 1 below.
Key:
1——benchmark curves;
2——speed tolerance, unit is kilometer per hour (km/h);
3——time tolerance, unit is second (s).
Figure 1 Benchmark curve and tolerance
Speed tolerance on every data point in Figure 1 can be applied to M1, N1, and M2 (the maximum design mass not more than 3 500 kg) vehicles with ±2 km/h, for other vehicles the speed tolerance is ±3 km/h, time tolerance is ±1 s.
In every driving cycle, permitted accumulated time beyond time tolerance is: not more than 4 s for M1, N1 and M2 (the maximum design mass not more than 3 500 kg) vehicles; not more than 10 s for other vehicles. Accumulated time beyond the time tolerance shall be recorded in the testing report.
4.4.3 Criteria of finishing the test
Mainly including:
a) When conducting the NEDC cycle specified in 4.4.5.2:
1) For the vehicle with the maximum speed ≥120 km/h, if it can meet the tolerance requirement in 4.4.2, stop the test;
2) For the vehicle with the maximum speed <120 km/h, when the target speed of the working condition is higher than the declared maximum speed of the vehicle model, the corresponding speed benchmark curve of the target working condition shall be adjusted to the declared maximum speed, the driver shall press the accelerator of the vehicle to the floor, the actual speed is permitted to exceed the upper limit specified in 4.4.2. Stop the test if the speed cannot reach the lower limit specified in 4.4.2; when the target speed of the working condition is or less than the declared maximum speed of the vehicle model, it cannot meet the tolerance requirement cited in 4.4.2, stop the test.
b) When conducting China typical urban bus driving cycle per 4.4.5.2 stipulation, if it cannot meet the tolerance requirement cited in 4.4.2, stop the test.
c) When conducting the C-WTVC cycle per 4.4.5.2 stipulation, if the driving speed is or less than 70 km/h, it cannot meet the tolerance requirement cited in 4.4.2, stop the test; when the driving speed is higher than 70 km/h, if it cannot meet the tolerance requirement, press the accelerator to the floor until the driving speed reach the target speed required in C-WTVC cycle, it permitted to exceed the tolerance cited in 4.4.2.
d) When conducting the constant speed test specified in 4.4.5.3, if the driving speed cannot reach 54 km/h (for M1, N1, M2 (the maximum design mass not more than 3 500 kg) vehicles) or 36 km/h (besides the vehicles listed above), stop the test.
Once the test reaches the condition of finishing, hold the vehicle gear, keep the vehicle coasting to the lowest stable speed or 5km/h, then press the brake and stop.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test procedures for range and energy consumption
4.1 General
4.2 Parameters, units and accuracy of measurements
4.3 Testing condition
4.4 Testing procedure
4.5 Calculation method of driving range and energy consumption
Annex A (Informative) Recommended scheme for determining the running resistance coefficient of heavy-duty commercial vehicles
Annex B (Normative) NEDC cycle
Annex C (Normative) China typical urban bus driving cycle
Annex D (Normative) C-WTVC cycle
Bibliography
