Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in the GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 14848-1993 Quality Standard for Ground Water. In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 14848-1993 (the previous edition):
— addition of 54 indices of water quality, and the total number of indices is increased from 39 in GB/T 14848-1993 to 93;
— according to GB 5749-2006 Standards for Drinking Water Quality, the groundwater quality indices are divided into regular indices and non-regular indices;
— addition of the number of sensory traits and general chemical indices from 17 to 20, and addition of the indices of aluminum, sulfide and sodium; replacement of the permanganate index with oxygen consumption. The indices of total hardness, iron, manganese and ammonia nitrogen are revised;
— addition of the number of inorganic compound indices in the toxicology indices from 16 to 20, and addition of the indices of boron, antimony, silver and thallium. The indices of nitrite, iodide, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, plumbum, beryllium, barium, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum are revised;
— addition of the number of organic compound indices in the toxicology indices from 2 to 49, and addition of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, tribromomethane, vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene , chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene (total), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrobenzene Toluene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, polychlorinated biphenyl (total), gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane), hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, atrazine, pentachlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, carbofuran, aldicarb, DDVP, methyl parathion, Malathion, dimethoate, chlorothalonil, 2,4-D, chlorpyrifos and glyphosate; DDT and BHC are replaced by DDT (total) and BHC (total), respectively, and have been revised;
— modification of the total alpha radioactivity in the radioactive indices;
— modification of the relevant requirements of the comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee 93 on Land Resource of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 93).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
— GB/T 14848-1993.
Introduction
With the acceleration of China's industrialization and the application of synthetic compounds, and various chemical components in groundwater are changing. The analytical technology has been continuously improved, and in order to meet the needs of investigation and evaluation, and to further coordinate with the upgraded GB 5749-2006 to promote exchange, a revision of GB/T 14848-1993 is necessary.
GB/T 14848-1993 is based on the background of groundwater formation and is adapted to the requirements for evaluation at that time. The new standard has been revised in conjunction with the upgraded GB 5749-2006, the research results of groundwater in the past 20 years by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the latest international research results. The number of indices has increased from 39 in GB/T 14848-1993 to 93, the 54 indices have been added; 20 index classification limits have been adjusted, and 19 index classification limits have been directly adopted. The comprehensive evaluation rules are reduced to make the standard more widely applicable.
Standard for Groundwater Quality
1 Scope
This standard specifies the quality classification, indices and limits, quality investigation and monitoring, quality evaluation of groundwater.
This standard is applicable to the quality investigation, monitoring, evaluation and management of groundwater.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 5749-2006 Standards for Drinking Water Quality
GB/T 27025-2008 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
groundwater quality
general term for the physical, chemical, and biological properties of groundwater
3.2
regular indices
indices that reflect the basic conditions of groundwater quality, including sensory characteristics, general chemical indices, microbial indices, common toxicological indices and radioactive indices
3.3
non-regular indices
extension of regular indices of groundwater quanlity, which are determined according to regional and time differences or special circumstances, reflect the major quality problems in groundwater, including relatively rare inorganic and organic toxicology indices
3.4
human health risk
the probability that various components in groundwater will cause harm to human health
4 Classification and Indices of Groundwater Quality
4.1 Classification of groundwater quality
Base on the groundwater quality and human health risk in China, it is divided into five classes according to the water quality requirements of drinking water, industrial, agricultural and other water, and the content of each component (except pH).
Class I: Groundwater has a low content of chemical components and is suitable for various purposes;
Class II: Groundwater has a relatively low content of chemical components and is suitable for various purposes;
Class III: Groundwater has a medium content of chemical components. Based on requirements of GB 5749-2006, it is mainly applicable to centralized drinking water sources and industrial and agricultural water;
Class IV: Groundwater has a high content of chemical components. Based on the requirements of agricultural and industrial water quality and the certain level of human health risk, it is applicable to agricultural water and some industrial water, and suitable for drinking water after proper treatment;
Class V: Groundwater should not be used as a drinking water source due to its high content of chemical components. Other purpose of water can be selected according to the purpose of use.
4.2 Indices for classification of groundwater quality
The indices for classification of groundwater quality are divided into regular indices and non-regular indices. The classification and limits are shown in Tables 1 and 2 respectively.
Table 1 Regular Indices and Limits of Groundwater Quality
No. Index Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V
Sensory properties and general chemical indices
1 Color (platinum-cobalt chromaticity unit) ≤5 ≤5 ≤15 ≤25 >25
2 Odor and taste No No No No Yes
3 Turbidity (NTUa) ≤3 ≤3 ≤3 ≤10 >10
4 Visible substance by naked eye No No No No Yes
5 pH 6.5≤pH≤8.5 5.5≤pH<6.5
8.59.0
6 Total hardness (represented as CaCO3) (mg/L) ≤150 ≤300 ≤450 ≤650 >650
7 Total dissolved solids (mg/L) ≤300 ≤500 ≤1000 ≤2000 >2000
8 Sulfate (mg/L) ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350
9 Chloride (mg/L) ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350
10 Ferrum (mg/L) ≤0.1 ≤ 0.2 ≤0.3 ≤2.0 >2.0
11 Manganese (mg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 ≤1.50 >1.50
12 Copper (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤1.00 ≤1.50 >1.50
13 Zinc (mg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.5 ≤1.00 ≤5.00 >5.00
14 Aluminum (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.20 ≤0.50 >0.50
15 Volatile phenols (in phenol) (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 >0.01
16 Anionic surfactant (mg/L) Not be detected ≤0.1 ≤0.3 ≤0.3 >0.3
17 Oxygen consumption (CODMn method, in O2) (mg/L) ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤3.0 ≤10.0 >10.0
18 Ammonia nitrogen (in N) (mg/L) ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤1.50 >1.50
19 Sulfide (mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 >0.10
20 Sodium (mg/L) ≤100 ≤150 ≤200 ≤400 >400
Microbiological indices
21 Total coliforms (MPNb/100 mL or CFUc/100 mL) ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤100 >100
22 Total number of colonies (CFU/mL) ≤100 ≤100 ≤100 ≤1000 >1000
Toxicological indices
23 Nitrites (in N) (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤4.80 >4.80
24 Nitrates (in N) (mg/L) ≤2.0 ≤ 5.0 ≤20.0 ≤30.0 >30.0
25 Cyanides (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1
26 Fluorides (mg/L) ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 >2.0
27 Iodides (mg/L) ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.08 ≤0.50 >0.50
28 Mercury (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 >0.002
29 Arsenic (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 >0.05
30 Selenium (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.1 >0.1
31 Cadmium (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 >0.01
32 Chromium (hexavalent) (mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
33 Plumbum (mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.10 >0.10
34 Trichloromethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤ 6 ≤60 ≤300 >300
35 Carbon tetrachloride (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤2.0 ≤50.0 >50.0
36 Benzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤10.0 ≤120 >120
37 Toluene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤140 ≤700 ≤1400 >1400
Radioactive indices d
38 Total alpha radioactivity (Bq/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.1 ≤0.5 >0.5 >0.5
39 Total beta radioactivity (Bq/L) ≤0.1 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 >1.0 >1.0
a NTU is the unit of scattering turbidity.
b MPN represents the most probable number.
c CFU represents a colony forming unit.
d Radionuclide analysis and evaluation shall be carried out if the radioactivity index exceeds the guideline value.
Table 2 Non-regular Indices and Limits of Groundwater Quality
No. Index Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V
Toxicological indices
1 Beryllium (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.002 ≤0.06 >0.06
2 Boron (mg/L) ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤2.00 >2.00
3 Antimony (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤ 0.0005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 >0.01
4 Barium (mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤0.70 ≤4.00 >4.00
5 Nickel (mg/L) ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 >0.10
6 Cobalt (mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
7 Molybdenum (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.07 ≤0.15 >0.15
8 Silver (mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
9 Thallium (mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 >0.001
10 Dichloromethane (μg/L) ≤1 ≤2 ≤20 ≤500 >500
11 1,2-Dichloroethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤3.0 ≤30.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
12 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤400 ≤2000 ≤4000 >4000
13 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤ 0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
14 1,2-Dichloropropane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
15 Tribromomethane (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤10.0 ≤100 ≤800 >800
16 Vinyl chloride (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤90.0 >90.0
17 1, 1-Dichloroethylene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤3.0 ≤30.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
18 1, 2-Dichloroethylene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤50.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
19 Trichloroethylene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤7.0 ≤70.0 ≤210 >210
20 Tetrachloroethylene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤4.0 ≤40.0 ≤300 >300
21 Chlorobenzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤60.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
22 O-dichlorobenzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤200 ≤1000 ≤2000 >2000
23 P-dichlorobenzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤ 30.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
24 Trichlorobenzene (total) (μg/L)a ≤0.5 ≤4.0 ≤20.0 ≤180 >180
25 Ethylbenzene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤30.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
26 Xylene (total) (μg/L)b ≤0.5 ≤100 ≤500 ≤1000 >1000
27 Styrene (μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤2.0 ≤20.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
28 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
29 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤30.0 >30.0
30 Naphthalene (μg/L) ≤1 ≤10 ≤100 ≤600 >600
31 Anthracene (μg/L) ≤1 ≤360 ≤1800 ≤3600 >3600
32 Fluoranthene (μg/L) ≤1 ≤50 ≤240 ≤480 >480
33 Benzo(b)fluoranthene (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤ 0.4 ≤4.0 ≤8.0 >8.0
34 Benzo(a)pyrenea (μg/L) ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 ≤0.50 >0.50
35 Polychlorinated biphenyls (total) (μg/L)c ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.50 ≤10.0 >10.0
36 Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (μg/L) ≤3 ≤3 ≤8.0 ≤300 >300
37 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤20.0 ≤200 ≤300 >300
38 Pentachlorophenol (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.90 ≤9.0 ≤18.0 >18.0
39 HCH (total) (μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.50 ≤5.00 ≤300 >300
40 γ-HCH (Lindan) (μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.20 ≤2.00 ≤150 >150
41 DDT (total) (μg/L)e ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
42 Hexachlorobenzene (μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
43 Heptachlor (μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤ 0.04 ≤0.40 ≤0.80 >0.80
44 2,4-D (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤6.0 ≤30.0 ≤150 >150
45 Carbofuran (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤1.40 ≤7.00 ≤14.0 >14.0
46 Aldicarb (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.60 ≤3.00 ≤30.0 >30.0
47 DDVP (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
48 Methyl parathion (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤4.00 ≤20.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
49 Malathion (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤25.0 ≤250 ≤500 >500
50 Dimethoate (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤16.0 ≤80.0 ≤160 >160
51 Chlorpyrifos (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤6.00 ≤30.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
52 Chlorothalonil (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤1.00 ≤10.0 ≤150 >150
53 Atrazine (μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤ 0.40 ≤2.00 ≤600 >600
54 Glyphosate (μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤140 ≤700 ≤1400 >1400
a Dichlorobenzene (total) is the sum of three isomers of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene.
b Xylene (total) is the addition of three isomers of o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene.
c Polychlorinated biphenyls (total) is the sum of 9 kinds of PCBs: PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153, PCB180, PCB194 and PCB206.
d HCH (total) is the sum of four isomers of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH.
e DDT (total) is the sum of four isomers of o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDT.
5 Investigation and Monitoring of Groundwater Quality
5.1 Groundwater quality shall be monitored regularly. The frequency of diving monitoring shall be no less than twice a year (one time in the wet season and the dry season). The monitoring frequency of pressurized water can be determined according to the quality change, and should be once a year.
5.2 According to the dynamic changes of groundwater quality, regional groundwater quality investigation and evaluation shall be carried out regularly.
5.3 Groundwater quality investigation and monitoring indices are based on regular indices. In order to facilitate the review of hydrochemical analysis results, indices of potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, carbonate and free carbon dioxide shall be added. In different regions, according to local conditions, non-regular indices can be selected for investigation and monitoring on the basis of regular indices.
This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in the GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 14848-1993 Quality Standard for Ground Water. In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 14848-1993 (the previous edition):
— addition of 54 indices of water quality, and the total number of indices is increased from 39 in GB/T 14848-1993 to 93;
— according to GB 5749-2006 Standards for Drinking Water Quality, the groundwater quality indices are divided into regular indices and non-regular indices;
— addition of the number of sensory traits and general chemical indices from 17 to 20, and addition of the indices of aluminum, sulfide and sodium; replacement of the permanganate index with oxygen consumption. The indices of total hardness, iron, manganese and ammonia nitrogen are revised;
— addition of the number of inorganic compound indices in the toxicology indices from 16 to 20, and addition of the indices of boron, antimony, silver and thallium. The indices of nitrite, iodide, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, plumbum, beryllium, barium, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum are revised;
— addition of the number of organic compound indices in the toxicology indices from 2 to 49, and addition of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, tribromomethane, vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene , chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene (total), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrobenzene Toluene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, polychlorinated biphenyl (total), gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane), hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, atrazine, pentachlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, carbofuran, aldicarb, DDVP, methyl parathion, Malathion, dimethoate, chlorothalonil, 2,4-D, chlorpyrifos and glyphosate; DDT and BHC are replaced by DDT (total) and BHC (total), respectively, and have been revised;
— modification of the total alpha radioactivity in the radioactive indices;
— modification of the relevant requirements of the comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee 93 on Land Resource of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 93).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
— GB/T 14848-1993.
ICS 13.060
Z 50
GB
中华人民共和国国家标准
GB/T 14848—2017
代替GB/T 14848—1993
地下水质量标准
Standard for groundwater quality
2017-10-14发布 2018-05-01实施
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会 发布
前言
标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。
标准代替GB/T 14848—1993《地下水质量标准》,与GB/T 14848—1993相比,除编辑性修改外,主要技术变化如下:
——水质指标由GB/T 14848—1993的39项增加至93项,增加了54项;
——参照GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》,将地下水质量指标划分为常规指标和非常规指标;
——感官性状及一般化学指标由17项增至20项,增加了铝、硫化物和钠3项指标;用耗氧量替换了高锰酸盐指数。修订了总硬度、铁、锰、氨氮4项指标;
——毒理学指标中无机化合物指标由16项增加至20项,增加了硼、锑、银和铊4项指标;修订了亚硝酸盐、碘化物、汞、砷、镉、铅、铍、钡、镍、钴和钼11项指标;
——毒理学指标中有机化合物指标由2项增至49项,增加了三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷、三溴甲烷、氯乙烯、1,1-二氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烯、氯苯、邻二氯苯、对二氯苯、三氯苯(总量)、苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、2,4-二硝基甲苯、2,6-二硝基甲苯、萘、蒽、荧蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、多氯联苯(总量)、γ-六六六(林丹)、六氯苯、七氯、莠去津、五氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基已基)酯、克百威、涕灭威、敌敌畏、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、乐果、百菌清、2,4-滴、毒死蜱和草甘膦;滴滴涕和六六六分别用滴滴涕(总量)和六六六(总量)代替,并进行了修订;
——放射性指标中修订了总α放射性;
——修订了地下水质量综合评价的有关规定。
本标准由中华人民共和国国土资源部和水利部共同提出。
本标准由全国国土资源标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 93)归口。
本标准所代替标准的历次版本发布情况为:
——GB/T 14848—1993。
引言
随着我国工业化进程加快,人工合成的各种化合物投入施用,地下水中各种化学组分正在发生变化;分析技术不断进步,为适应调查评价需要,进一步与升级的GB 5749—2006相协调,促进交流,有必要对GB/T 14848—1993进行修订。
GB/T 14848—1993是以地下水形成背景为基础,适应了当时的评价需要。新标准结合修订的GB 5749—2006、国土资源部近20年地下水方面的科研成果和国际最新研究成果进行了修订,增加了指标数量,指标由GB/T 14848—1993的39项增加至93项,增加了54项;调整了20项指标分类限值,直接采用了19项指标分类限值;减少了综合评价规定,使标准具有更广泛的应用性。
地下水质量标准
1 范围
本标准规定了地下水质量分类、指标及限值,地下水质量调查与监测,地下水质量评价等内容。
本标准适用于地下水质量调查、监测、评价与管理。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仪注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB 5749—2006 生活饮用水卫生标准
GB/T 27025—2008 检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求
3 术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
地下水质量 groundwater quality
地下水的物理、化学和生物性质的总称。
3.2
常规指标 regular indices
反映地下水质量基本状况的指标,包括感官性状及一般化学指标、微生物指标、常见毒理学指标和放射性指标。
3.3
非常规指标 non-regular indices
在常规指标上的拓展,根据地区和时间差异或特殊情况确定的地下水质量指标,反映地下水中所产生的主要质量问题,包括比较少见的无机和有机毒理学指标。
3.4
人体健康风险 human health risk
地下水中各种组分对人体健康产生危害的概率。
4 地下水质量分类及指标
4.1 地下水质量分类
依据我国地下水质量状况和人体健康风险,参照生活饮用水、工业、农业等用水质量要求,依据各组分含量高低(pH除外),分为五类。
Ⅰ类:地下水化学组分含量低,适用于各种用途;
Ⅱ类:地下水化学组分含量较低,适用于各种用途;
Ⅲ类:地下水化学组分含量中等,以GB 5749—2006为依据,主要适用于集中式生活饮用水水源及工农业用水;
Ⅳ类:地下水化学组分含量较高,以农业和工业用水质量要求以及一定水平的人体健康风险为依据,适用于农业和部分工业用水,适当处理后可作生活饮用水;
Ⅴ类:地下水化学组分含量高,不宜作为生活饮用水水源,其他用水可根据使用目的选用。
4.2 地下水质量分类指标
地下水质量指标分为常规指标和非常规指标,其分类及限值分别见表1和表2。
表1 地下水质量常规指标及限值
序号 指标 Ⅰ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅲ类 Ⅳ类 Ⅴ类
感官性状及一般化学指标
1 色(铂钴色度单位) ≤5 ≤5 ≤15 ≤25 >25
2 嗅和味 无 无 无 无 有
3 浑浊度/NTUa ≤3 ≤3 ≤3 ≤10 >10
4 肉眼可见物 无 无 无 无 有
5 pH 6.5≤pH≤8.5 5.5≤pH<6.5
8.5<pH≤9.0 pH<5.5或pH>9.0
6 总硬度(以CaCO3计)/(mg/L) ≤150 ≤300 ≤450 ≤650 >650
7 溶解性总固体/(mg/L) ≤300 ≤500 ≤1000 ≤2000 >2000
8 硫酸盐/(mg/L) ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350
9 氯化物/(mg/L) ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350
10 铁/(mg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤2.0 >2.0
11 锰/(mg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 ≤1.50 >1.50
12 铜/(mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤1.00 ≤1.50 >1.50
13 锌/(mg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.5 ≤1.00 ≤5.00 >5.00
14 铝/(mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.20 ≤0.50 >0.50
15 挥发性酚类(以苯酚计)/(mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 >0.01
16 阴离子表面活性剂/(mg/L) 不得检出 ≤0.1 ≤0.3 ≤0.3 >0.3
17 耗氧量(CODMn法,以O2计)/(mg/L) ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤3.0 ≤10.0 >10.0
18 氨氮(以N计)/(mg/L) ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤1.50 >1.50
19 硫化物/(mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 >0.10
20 钠/(mg/L) ≤100 ≤150 ≤200 ≤400 >400
微生物指标
21 总大肠菌群/(MPNb/100 mL或CFUc/100 mL) ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤100 >100
22 菌落总数/(CFU/mL) ≤100 ≤100 ≤100 ≤1000 >1000
毒理学指标
23 亚硝酸盐(以N计)/(mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤4.80 >4.80
24 硝酸盐(以N计)/(mg/L) ≤2.0 ≤5.0 ≤20.0 ≤30.0 >30.0
25 氰化物/(mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1
26 氟化物/(mg/L) ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 >2.0
27 碘化物/(mg/L) ≤0.04 ≤0.04 ≤0.08 ≤0.50 >0.50
28 汞/(mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 >0.002
29 砷/(mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 >0.05
30 硒/(mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.1 >0.1
31 镉/(mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 >0.01
32 铬(六价)/(mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
33 铅/(mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.10 >0.10
34 三氯甲烷/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤6 ≤60 ≤300 >300
35 四氯化碳/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤2.0 ≤50.0 >50.0
36 苯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤10.0 ≤120 >120
37 甲苯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤140 ≤700 ≤1400 >1400
放射性指标d
38 总α放射性/(Bq/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.1 ≤0.5 >0.5 >0.5
39 总β放射性/(Bq/L) ≤0.1 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 >1.0 >1.0
a NTU为散射浊度单位。
b MPN表示最可能数。
c CFU表示菌落形成单位。
d 放射性指标超过指导值,应进行核素分析和评价。
表2 地下水质量非常规指标及限值
序号 指标 Ⅰ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅲ类 Ⅳ类 Ⅴ类
毒理学指标
1 铍/(mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.002 ≤0.06 >0.06
2 硼/(mg/L) ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤2.00 >2.00
3 锑/(mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 >0.01
4 钡/(mg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤0.70 ≤4.00 >4.00
5 镍/(mg/L) ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 >0.10
6 钴/(mg/L) ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
7 钼/(mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.07 ≤0.15 >0.15
8 银/(mg/L) ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 >0.10
9 铊/(mg/L) ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 >0.001
10 二氯甲烷/(μg/L) ≤1 ≤2 ≤20 ≤500 >500
11 1,2-二氯乙烷/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤3.0 ≤30.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
12 1,1,1-三氯乙烷/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤400 ≤2000 ≤4000 >4000
13 1,1,2-三氯乙烷/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
14 1,2-二氯丙烷/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
15 三溴甲烷/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤10.0 ≤100 ≤800 >800
16 氯乙烯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤90.0 >90.0
17 1,1-二氯乙烯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤3.0 ≤30.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
18 1,2-二氯乙烯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤50.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
19 三氯乙烯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤7.0 ≤70.0 ≤210 >210
20 四氯乙烯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤4.0 ≤40.0 ≤300 >300
21 氯苯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤60.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
22 邻二氯苯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤200 ≤1000 ≤2000 >2000
23 对二氯苯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤30.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
24 三氯苯(总量)/(μg/L)a ≤0.5 ≤4.0 ≤20.0 ≤180 >180
25 乙苯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤30.0 ≤300 ≤600 >600
26 二甲苯(总量)/(μg/L)b ≤0.5 ≤100 ≤500 ≤1000 >1000
27 苯乙烯/(μg/L) ≤0.5 ≤2.0 ≤20.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
28 2,4-二硝基甲苯/(μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
29 2,6-二硝基甲苯/(μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.5 ≤5.0 ≤30.0 >30.0
30 萘/(μg/L) ≤1 ≤10 ≤100 ≤600 >600
31 蒽/(μg/L) ≤1 ≤360 ≤1800 ≤3600 >3600
32 荧蒽/(μg/L) ≤1 ≤50 ≤240 ≤480 >480
33 苯并(b)荧蒽/(μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤0.4 ≤4.0 ≤8.0 >8.0
34 苯并(a)芘/(μg/L) ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 ≤0.50 >0.50
35 多氯联苯(总量)/(μg/L)c ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.50 ≤10.0 >10.0
36 邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基已基)酯/(μg/L) ≤3 ≤3 ≤8.0 ≤300 >300
37 2,4,6-三氯酚/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤20.0 ≤200 ≤300 >300
38 五氯酚/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.90 ≤9.0 ≤18.0 >18.0
39 六六六(总量)/(μg/L)d ≤0.01 ≤0.50 ≤5.00 ≤300 >300
40 γ-六六六(林丹)/(μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.20 ≤2.00 ≤150 >150
41 滴滴涕(总量)/(μg/L)e ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
42 六氯苯/(μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
43 七氯/(μg/L) ≤0.01 ≤0.04 ≤0.40 ≤0.80 >0.80
44 2,4-滴/(μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤6.0 ≤30.0 ≤150 >150
45 克百威/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤1.40 ≤7.00 ≤14.0 >14.0
46 涕灭威/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.60 ≤3.00 ≤30.0 >30.0
47 敌敌畏/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 >2.00
48 甲基对硫磷/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤4.00 ≤20.0 ≤40.0 >40.0
49 马拉硫磷/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤25.0 ≤250 ≤500 >500
50 乐果/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤16.0 ≤80.0 ≤160 >160
51 毒死蜱/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤6.00 ≤30.0 ≤60.0 >60.0
52 百菌清/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤1.00 ≤10.0 ≤150 >150
53 莠去津/(μg/L) ≤0.05 ≤0.40 ≤2.00 ≤600 >600
54 草甘膦/(μg/L) ≤0.1 ≤140 ≤700 ≤1400 >1400
a 二氯苯(总量)为1,2,3-三氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯、1,3,5-三氯苯3种异构体加和。
b 二甲苯(总量)为邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯3种异构体加和。
c 多氯联苯(总量)为PCB28、PCB52、PCB101、PCB118、PCB138、PCB153、PCB180、PCB194、PCB206 9种多氯联苯单体加和。
d 六六六(总量)为α-六六六、β-六六六、γ-六六六、δ-六六六4种异构体加和。
e 滴滴涕(总量)为o,p′-滴滴涕、p,p′-滴滴伊、p,p′-滴滴滴、p,p′-滴滴涕4种异构体加和。
5 地下水质量调查与监测
5.1 地下水质量应定期监测。潜水监测频率应不少于每年两次(丰水期和枯水期各1次),承压水监测频率可以根据质量变化情况确定,宜每年1次。
5.2 依据地下水质量的动态变化,应定期开展区域性地下水质量调查评价。
5.3 地下水质量调查与监测指标以常规指标为主,为便于水化学分析结果的审核,应补充钾、钙、镁、重碳酸根、碳酸根、游离二氧化碳指标;不同地区可在常规指标的基础上,根据当地实际情况补充选定非常规指标进行调查与监测。
5.4 地下水样品的采集参照相关标准执行,地下水样品的保存和送检按附录A执行。
5.5 地下水质量检测方法的选择参见附录B,使用前应按照GB/T 27025—2008中5.4的要求,进行有效确认和验证。
6 地下水质量评价
6.1 地下水质量评价应以地下水质量检测资料为基础。
6.2 地下水质量单指标评价,按指标值所在的限值范围确定地下水质量类别,指标限值相同时,从优不从劣。
示例:挥发性酚类Ⅰ、Ⅱ类限值均为0.001 mg/L,若质量分析结果为0.001 mg/L时,应定为Ⅰ类,不定为Ⅱ类。
6.3 地下水质量综合评价,按单指标评价结果最差的类别确定,并指出最差类别的指标。
示例:某地下水样氯化物含量400 mg/L,四氯乙烯含量350 μg/L,这两个指标属Ⅴ类,其余指标均低于Ⅴ类。则该地下水质量综合类别定为Ⅴ类,Ⅴ类指标为氯离子和四氯乙烯。
附录A
(规范性附录)
地下水样品保存和送检要求
地下水样品的保存和送检要求见表A.1。
表A.1 地下水样品的保存和送检要求
序号 检测指标 采样容器和体积 保存方法 保存时间
1 色 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
2 嗅和味 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
3 浑浊度 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
4 肉眼可见物 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
5 pH G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
6 总硬度 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
7 溶解性总固体 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
8 硫酸盐 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
9 氯化物 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
10 铁 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
11 锰 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
12 铜 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
13 锌 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
14 铝 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
15 挥发性酚类 G,1 L 氢氧化钠,pH≥12,4℃冷藏 24 h
16 阴离子表面活性剂 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
17 耗氧量(CODMn法) G或P,1 L 原样
或硫酸,pH≤2 10 d
24 h
18 氨氮 G或P,1 L 原样
或硫酸,pH≤2,4℃冷藏 10 d
24 h
19 硫化物 棕色G,0.5 L 每100 mL水样加入4滴乙酸锌溶液(200 g/L)和氢氧化钠溶液(40 g/L),避光 7 d
20 钠 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
21 总大肠菌群 灭菌瓶或灭菌袋 原样 4 h
22 菌落总数 灭菌瓶或灭菌袋 原样 4 h
23 亚硝酸盐 G或P,1 L 原样
或硫酸,pH≤2,4℃冷藏 10 d
24 h
24 硝酸盐 G或P,1 L 原样
或硫酸,pH≤2,4℃冷藏 10 d
24 h
25 氰化物 G,1 L 氢氧化钠,pH≥12,4℃冷藏 24 h
26 氟化物 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
27 碘化物 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
28 汞 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
29 砷 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
30 硒 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
31 镉 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
32 铬(六价) G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
33 铅 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
34 总α放射性 P,5 L 原样或盐酸,pH≤2 30 d
35 总β放射性 P,5 L 原样或盐酸,pH≤2 30 d
36 铍 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
37 硼 G或P,1 L 原样 10 d
38 锑 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
39 钡 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
40 镍 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
41 钴 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
42 钼 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
43 银 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
44 铊 G,0.5 L 硝酸,pH≤2 30 d
45 三氯甲烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
46 四氯化碳 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
47 苯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
48 甲苯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
49 二氯甲烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
50 1,2-二氯乙烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
51 1,1,1-三氯乙烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
52 1,1,2-三氯乙烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
53 1,2-二氯丙烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
54 三溴甲烷 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
55 氯乙烯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
56 1,1-二氯乙烯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
57 1,2-二氯乙烯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
58 三氯乙烯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
59 四氯乙烯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
60 氯苯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
61 邻二氯苯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
62 对二氯苯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
63 三氯苯(总量) 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
64 乙苯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
65 二甲苯(总量) 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
66 苯乙烯 2×40 mL VOA棕色G 加酸,pH<2,4℃冷藏 14 d
67 2,4-二硝基甲苯 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
68 2,6-二硝基甲苯 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
69 萘 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
70 蒽 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
71 荧蒽 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
72 苯并(b)荧蒽 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
73 苯并(a)芘 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
74 多氯联苯(总量) 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
75 邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基已基)酯 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
76 2,4,6-三氯酚 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
77 五氯酚 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
78 六六六(总量) 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
79 γ-六六六(林丹) 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
80 滴滴涕(总量) 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
81 六氯苯 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
82 七氯 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
83 2,4-滴 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
84 克百威 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
85 涕灭威 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
86 敌敌畏 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
87 甲基对硫磷 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
88 马拉硫磷 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
89 乐果 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
90 毒死蜱 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
91 百菌清 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
92 莠去津 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
93 草甘膦 2×1000 mL棕色G 4℃冷藏 7 d(提取),40 d
注1:G——硬质玻璃瓶;P——聚乙烯瓶。
注2:对于无机检测指标,当采样容器、采样体积、保存方法和保存时间一致时,可采集一份样品供检测用。
注3:45号~66号为挥发性有机物,同一份样品可完成上述指标分析,共采样2×40 mL。
注4:VOA棕色玻璃瓶指专用于挥发性有机物取样分析的玻璃瓶,可用于吹扫捕集自动进样器,配套内附聚四氟乙烯膜、取样针可直接刺穿取样的瓶盖。
注5:67号~83号,86号~92号为极性比较小的半挥发性有机物,可以采用同一流程进行萃取测定,共采样2×1000 mL。
注6:84号~85号为极性比较大的半挥发性有机物,可以采用同一流程进行萃取测定,共采样2×1000 mL。
注7:93号需衍生化,单独为一分析流程,采样量2×1000 mL。
附录B
(资料性附录)
地下水质量检测指标推荐分析方法
地下水质量检测指标推荐分析方法见表B.1。
表B.1 地下水质量检测指标推荐分析方法
序号 检测指标 推荐分析方法
1 色 铂-钴标准比色法
2 嗅和味 嗅气和尝味法
3 浑浊度 散射法、比浊法
4 肉眼可见物 直接观察法
5 pH 玻璃电极法(现场和实验室均需检测)
6 总硬度 EDTA容量法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法
7 溶解性总固体 105℃干燥重量法、180℃干燥重量法
8 硫酸盐 硫酸钡重量法、离子色谱法、EDTA容量法、硫酸钡比浊法
9 氯化物 离子色谱法、硝酸银容量法
10 铁 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法、分光光度法
11 锰 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子吸收光谱法
12 铜 电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子吸收光谱法
13 锌 电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子吸收光谱法
14 铝 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法
15 挥发性酚类 分光光度法、溴化容量法
16 阴离子表面活性剂 分光光度法
17 耗氧量(CODMn法) 酸性高锰酸盐法、碱性高锰酸盐法
18 氨氮 离子色谱法、分光光度法
19 硫化物 碘量法
20 钠 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、火焰发射光度法、原子吸收光谱法
21 总大肠菌群 多管发酵法
22 菌落总数 平皿计数法
23 亚硝酸盐 分光光度法
24 硝酸盐 离子色谱法、紫外分光光度法
25 氰化物 分光光度法、容量法
26 氟化物 离子色谱法、离子选择电极法、分光光度法
27 碘化物 分光光度法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、离子色谱法
28 汞 原子荧光光谱法、冷原子吸收光谱法
29 砷 原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法
30 硒 原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法
31 镉 电感耦合等离子体质谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法
32 铬(六价) 电感耦合等离子体质谱法、分光光度法
33 铅 电感耦合等离子体质谱法
34 总α放射性 厚样法
35 总β放射性 薄样法
36 铍 电感耦合等离子体质谱法
37 硼 电感耦合等离子体质谱法、分光光度法
38 锑 原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法
39 钡 电感耦合等离子体质谱法
40 镍 电感耦合等离子体质谱法
41 钴 电感耦合等离子体质谱法
42 钼 电感耦合等离子体质谱法
43 银 电感耦合等离子体质谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法
44 铊 电感耦合等离子体质谱法
45 三氯甲烷 吹扫-捕集/气相色谱-质谱法
顶空/气相色谱-质谱法
46 四氯化碳
47 苯
48 甲苯
49 二氯甲烷
50 1,2-二氯乙烷
51 1,1,1-三氯乙烷
52 1,1,2-三氯乙烷
53 1,2-二氯丙烷
54 三溴甲烷
55 氯乙烯
56 1,1-二氯乙烯
57 1,2-二氯乙烯
58 三氯乙烯
59 四氯乙烯
60 氯苯
61 邻二氯苯
62 对二氯苯
63 三氯苯(总量)
64 乙苯
65 二甲苯(总量)
66 苯乙烯
67 2,4-二硝基甲苯 气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法
气相色谱-质谱法
68 2,6-二硝基甲苯
69 萘 气相色谱-质谱法
高效液相色谱-荧光检测器-紫外检测器法
70 蒽
71 荧蒽
72 苯并(b)荧蒽
73 苯并(a)芘
74 多氯联苯(总量) 气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法
气相色谱-质谱法
75 邻苯二甲酸二
(2-乙基已基)酯 气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法
气相色谱-质谱法
高效液相色谱-紫外检测器法
76 2,4,6-三氯酚
77 五氯酚
78 六六六(总量) 气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法
气相色谱-质谱法
79 γ-六六六(林丹)
80 滴滴涕(总量) 气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法
气相色谱-质谱法
81 六氯苯
82 七氯
83 2,4-滴
84 克百威 液相色谱-紫外检测器法
液相色谱-质谱法
85 涕灭威
86 敌敌畏 气相色谱-氮磷检测器法
气相色谱-质谱法
液相色谱-质谱法
87 甲基对硫磷
88 马拉硫磷
89 乐果
90 毒死蜱
91 百菌清 气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法
气相色谱-质谱法
液相色谱-质谱法
92 莠去津
93 草甘膦 液相色谱-紫外检测器法
液相色谱-质谱法
注1:45号~66号为挥发性有机物,可采用吹扫-捕集/气相色谱-质谱法或顶空/气相色谱-质谱法同时测定。
注2:67号~83号、86号~92号可采用气相色谱-质谱法同时测定。
注3:83号~92号可采用液相色谱-质谱法同时测定。
注4:草甘膦需要衍生化,应单独一个分析流程。
参考文献
[1] GB/T 1576—2008 工业锅炉水质
[2] GB 3838—2002 地表水环境质量标准
[3] GB 5084—2005 农田灌溉水质标准
[4] GB/T 14157—1993 水文地质术语
[5] CJ/T 206—2005 城市供水水质标准
[6] SL 219—2013 水环境监测规范
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[8] 卫生部卫生标准委员会.GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》应用指南[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[9] 夏青,陈艳卿,刘宪兵.水质基准与水质标准[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[10] Australian Govement, National Health and Medical Research Council, Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council. National Water Quality Management Strategy, Australlan drinking water guidelines. 2013.
[11] Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption. EU’s Drinking Water Standard. 1998.
[12] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Edition of the drinking water standards and health advisories. Washington, D.C., 2012.
[13] World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality (4th ed.). Geneva, 2011.