This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 19233-2008 Measurement methods of fuel consumption for light-duty vehicles. In addition to editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 19233-2008:
——The scope of application of the standard has been modified from "This standard is applicable to such vehicles of Categories M1 and N1 with the maximum design speed greater than or equal to 50km/h and those of Category M2 with maximum mass less than 3,500kg as are powered by positive-ignition engines or compression-ignition engines" to "This standard is applicable to such vehicles of Category N1 with the maximum design speed greater than or equal to 50km/h and those of Categories M1 and M2 with maximum mass less than 3,500kg as are powered by positive-ignition engines or compression-ignition engines. Reference may be made to this standard for vehicles of Category M1 with maximum mass exceeding 3,500kg"; from "This standard is not applicable to vehicles that cannot burn gasoline or diesel oil” to "This standard is applicable to vehicles that can burn gasoline or diesel oil, and is not applicable to hybrid electric vehicles; reference may be made to this standard for vehicles burn other fuels” (see clause 1; clause 1 of Edition 2008).
——The test cycle has been modified from NEDC to WLTC and China automotive test cycle (see 4.3 and 6.1; 4.4 and 6.1 of Edition 2008).
——The requirements of laboratory environment, test vehicle, test fuel and test equipment have been modified (see clause 5; clause 5 of Edition 2008);
——The requirements for road load measurement and dynamometer setting, pretreatment and vehicle soak, test procedures and emission calculation have been modified (see 6.2~6.5; 6.2~6.3 of Edition 2008).
——The requirements for the use of transmission have been added, and the provision that vehicles with manual transmission operate according to the gear indicated by the gear shift indicator has been added (see 6.4.2).
——The fuel consumption calculation equation has been modified (see 7.2; 7.2 of Edition 2008);
——The method for determining the type approval value of vehicles of Categories M2 and N1 has been modified, and the deviation has been adjusted from 6% to 4% (see 7.5; 7.3 of Edition 2008).
——The adjustment method of adopting the fuel consumption result of each speed segment after the declaration of composite value by the manufacturer as the type approval value has been added (see 7.5).
——The fixed gradual change coefficient has been modified from 0.92 to 0.95 (see 8.1.3.4; 8.1.2.3 of Edition 2008).
——The type approval requirements of vehicles of Category N1 families have been deleted (see clause 10 of Edition 2008).
——The relevant requirements of test family have been added (see clause 10).
——The informative Annex A "Test method for fuel consumption in low temperature environment” has been added.
——The informative Annex B “Test method for fuel consumption when air conditioner is turned on for cooling” has been added.
——The informative Annex C “Test method for fuel consumption at high altitude” has been added.
——The informative Annex D “Calculation equation of fuel consumption of vehicles burning other types of fuels” has been added.
——The annex number of type test result report in normative annex has been modified (see Annex E; Annex A of Edition 2005).
This standard refers to part of the technical contents of ECER101-03 Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Passenger Cars Equipped with Only an Internal Combustion Engine or Hybrid Electric Passenger Vehicles with regard to the Measurement of the Emission of Carbon Dioxide, Fuel Consumption, Electric Energy Consumption and Range and of Categories M1 And N1 Vehicles Equipped with an Electric Power Train with regard to the Measurement of Electric Energy Consumption and Range issued by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the United Nations global technical regulation GTR15 Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) and its revision.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/T C114 National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization.
Drafting organizations of this standard: China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd., Beiqi Foton Motor Co., Ltd., China FAW Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd., SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd., Chery Automobile Co., Ltd., China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., SAIC Motor Technical Center, SAIC General Motors Corporation Limited, Dongfeng Motor Corporation Technical Center, BYD Auto Industry Company Limited, United Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd., European Automobile Manufacturers Association Beijing Office, BMW (China) Service Co., Ltd., Daimler Greater China Ltd. and Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
Chief drafters of this standard: Wang Zhao, Zheng Tianlei, Bao Xiang, Li Mengliang, Qian Guogang, Liu Gang, Liu Le, Jia Yu, Liu Yu, Fan Jiajia, Zou Xiaomin, Gao Haiyang, Gao Yue, Zhang Shuo, Jiang Ping, Dai Yongli, Xu Yueyun, Liu Zhichao, Deng Yangqing, Wang Qi, He Run, Long Jinshi, Ma Qizhen, Yan Zhen, Bai Zhuowei, Shen Tiejun, Gong Baoli, Tao Kan, Li Lifei, Shi Weili, Luo Wei, Song Yinan, Chen Xiaolu and Zhu Wenbo.
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
——GB/T 19233-2003 and GB/T 19233-2008.
Measurement methods of fuel consumption for light-duty vehicles
1 Scope
This standard specifies the test and calculation methods for calculating fuel consumption by carbon balance method via measuring the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) of automobiles, as well as the inspection and judgment methods of production consistency.
This standard is applicable to such vehicles of Category N1 with the maximum design speed greater than or equal to 50km/h and those of Categories M1 and M2 with maximum mass less than 3,500kg as are powered by positive-ignition engines or compression-ignition engines. Reference may be made to this standard for vehicles of Category M1 with maximum mass exceeding 3,500kg.
This standard is applicable to vehicles that can burn gasoline or diesel oil, and is not applicable to hybrid electric vehicles; reference may be made to this standard for vehicles burn other fuels.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1884 Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density - Hydrometer method
GB/T 15089-2001 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (CHINA 6)
GB/T 38146.1-2019 China automotive test cycle - Part 1: Light-duty vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15089-2001, GB 18352.6-2016 and GB/T 38146.1-2019 as well as the following apply.
3.1
gear shift indicator; GSI
device installed on a manual transmission vehicle, which can remind the driver to adjust the gear in real time and intuitively
4 General requirements
4.1 Before the fuel consumption type test, the vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent shall declare the comprehensive fuel consumption value of the tested vehicle type.
4.2 The vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent shall submit a vehicle representing the tested vehicle type to the inspection body responsible for the type test. During the test, the inspection body shall confirm that the emission status of the vehicle meets the requirements of Type I test limit of the corresponding emission standard of the vehicle type.
4.3 The emission of CO2, CO and HC of vehicles shall be measured according to the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC) described in Appendix CA of GB 18352.6-2016 or the China automotive test cycle specified in Annex A of GB/T 38146.1-2019 (CLTC-P and CLTC-C, among which CLTC-P is applicable to vehicles of Category M1 and CLTC-C is applicable to vehicles of Category N1 and those of Category M2 with the maximum mass not exceeding 3,500kg).
Note: When measuring according to the China automotive test cycle, the test cycle in relevant clauses of GB 18352.6-2016 cited in this standard is adjusted accordingly to the China automotive test cycle.
4.4 The emission test results of CO2, CO and HC shall be expressed in grams per kilometer (g/km), and the CO2 value shall be rounded to two decimal places.
4.5 The fuel consumption shall be calculated by carbon balance method according to the calculation method in clause 7 using the measured CO2, CO and HC emissions. The calculation results shall be expressed in liters per 100 km (L/100km), and rounded to two decimal places.
4.6 The vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent may measure the fuel consumption of vehicles in low temperature environment, when air conditioner is turn on for cooling and at high altitude by reference to Annexes A, B and C as required.
5 Test conditions
5.1 Environmental requirements and parameters
The laboratory environment shall meet those specified in C.1.2.2 of GB 18352.6-2016.
5.2 Test vehicle
5.2.1 All parts and components of the test vehicle shall meet the requirements of mass production. If the test vehicle state is different from the mass production state, it is necessary to provide a detailed description.
5.2.2 The vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent shall submit a vehicle representing the tested vehicle type to the inspection body responsible for the type test. If the vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent chooses to adopt interpolation family, the vehicles representative in interpolation family shall be selected and the same test vehicle should be selected to set the representative Vehicle H and Vehicle L through different road load.
5.2.3 The test vehicle may be subjected to running-in according to the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent, and it shall be ensured that the mechanical condition is good, and that the running-in mileage does not exceed 15,000km.
5.2.4 The lubricants specified by the vehicle manufacturer shall be used and indicated in the test result report.
5.2.5 For others, the test vehicle settings shall be carried out according to those specified in C.1.2.4.2~C.1.2.4.5 and C.1.2.4.7 of GB 18352.6-20161).
5.3 Test fuel
5.3.1 During the type test, the equivalent fuel meeting the requirements of Annex K in GB 18352.6-2016 shall be adopted according to the lowest grade recommended by the vehicle manufacturer, and no additional oxygenates shall be added to the fuel. In the case of using fuel types not specified in Annex K of GB 18352.6-2016, commercial vehicle fuels that meet the requirements of the relevant national standards shall be used.
5.3.2 When carrying out the calculation mentioned in 4.5, the values of fuel parameters shall be as follows:
a) density: as per the density of test fuel measured in accordance with GB/T 1884;
b) hydrogen-carbon ratio: fixed value shall be adopted, which is 1.85 for gasoline and 1.86 for diesel oil.
5.4 Test equipment
Technical characteristics of test equipment shall meet those specified in Appendix CD of GB 18352.6-20161).
6 Measurement of CO2, CO and HC emissions
6.1 Test cycle
The test cycle may include four parts, i.e., Low, Medium, High and Extra High, as described in Appendix CA of GB 18352.6-2016, or it may include three parts, i.e., Slow (1), Medium (2) and Fast (3), as described in Annex A of GB/T 38146.1-2019. All provisions on the operation given in this appendix are applicable to the measurement of CO2, CO and HC emissions.
6.2 Road load measurement and dynamometer setting
The road load measurement and the setting of dynamometer shall be in accordance with Appendix CC of GB 18352.6-20161). If the running resistance curve is provided by the vehicle manufacturer, a test report, calculation report or other relevant information shall be provided at the same time, and be confirmed by the inspection body.
During arbitration test, the running resistance of the vehicle shall be determined in accordance with those specified in CC.4.3 of GB 18352.6-2016.
6.3 Pre-test cycle, pretreatment and vehicle soak
The pre-test cycle, test vehicle pretreatment and vehicle soak shall be carried out in accordance with those specified in C.1.2.5~C.1.2.7 of GB 18352.6-20161).
6.4 Test procedure
6.4.1 General requirements
The test shall be conducted in accordance with those specified in C.1.2.8~C.1.2.14 of GB 18352.6-2016.
6.4.2 Use of transmission
6.4.2.1 The transmission shall be operated in accordance with those specified in C.1.2.6.5 of GB 18352.6-20161). Automatic transmission vehicles without a master mode shall be tested in the worst shift mode, i.e., the mode with the highest fuel consumption, which shall be determined based on fuel consumption in all modes.
6.4.2.2 For manual transmission vehicle equipped with a gear shift indicator, upon the application of the manufacturer, the gear operation can be conducted in accordance with the gears indicated by the gear shift indicator as required by the manufacturer, while the results of the emission test shall meet the limit requirements of Type I test specified in corresponding emission standards for this type of vehicle. For gear shift indicator with upshift prompts only, the operation shall be carried out in accordance with C.1.2.6.5 of GB 18352.6-2016 during deceleration1). The manufacturer shall provide a description document specifying the indicating method, function, use method, and control strategy of the gear shift indicator before the test, and ensure that the gear shift indicator control strategy of the produced vehicle is consistent with that of the vehicle under test.
6.5 Emission calculation
The emissions of CO2, CO and HC shall be calculated in accordance with those specified in Appendix CE of GB 18352.6-20161).
7 Calculation of fuel consumption
7.1 The fuel consumption at each speed segment and the combined fuel consumption shall be calculated respectively using the HC, CO, and CO2 emissions obtained by the method in clause 6.
7.2 The fuel consumption, expressed in L/100km, shall be calculated using Equations (1) and (2):
a) For vehicles with petrol engines:
FC= [(0.866×HC)+(0.429×CO)+(0.273×CO2)] (1)
b) For vehicles with diesel engines:
FC= [(0.865×HC)+(0.429×CO)+(0.273×CO2)] (2)
where,
FC——the fuel consumption, L/100km;
HC——the emission of hydrocarbon, g/km;
CO——the emission of carbon monoxide, g/km;
CO2——the emission of carbon dioxide, g/km;
D——the density of test fuel at 288K(15℃), kg/L.
7.3 Except for gasoline and diesel vehicles, the fuel consumption of vehicles powered by other types of fuels may be calculated with reference to Annex D.
7.4 Correction of calculated fuel consumption obtained by non-type tests or non-production conformity tests without using reference fuel:
a) If the hydrogen-carbon ratio of gasoline and diesel used is not a fixed value, it is allowed to be corrected2).
b) If ethanol-added gasoline (E10) or gasoline with more than 10% of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is adopted, and the effect of oxygen on the percentage of carbon in the fuel and the change in fuel density have been considered in the test calculation, the calculated fuel consumption can be multiplied by 97% or 98%, respectively, and the results thus obtained are used as the calculated value.
7.5 Type approval value shall be determined according to the following methods:
a) If the difference between the composite value of fuel consumption calculated through measurement by the inspection body and the composite value declared by the vehicle manufacturer satisfies Equation (3), the composite value declared shall be taken as the type approval value.
(3)
where,
FCMC——the composite value of fuel consumption calculated through measurement by the inspection body, L/100km;
FCDC——the composite value of fuel consumption declared by the vehicle manufacturer, L/100km.
b) If the result obtained from the above equation is >+4%, another test shall be carried out for the vehicle.
If, after the two tests, the difference between the composite average of fuel consumption calculated through the two measurements and the composite value declared by the vehicle manufacturer satisfies Equation (4), the composite value declared by the vehicle manufacturer shall be taken as the type approval value.
(4)
where,
FCMC ave——the composite average of fuel consumption calculated through the two measurements, L/100km.
c) If the result obtained by the composite average calculated through the two measurements is still >+4%, a final test shall be carried out for the vehicle. The composite average of results obtained from three tests shall be taken as the type approval value.
d) After the first or second test, if the fuel consumption result fails to meet the requirements, the higher value measured may be used as the type approval value as required by the vehicle manufacturer and approved by the department in charge of fuel consumption.
e) No changes or adjustments to the engine or vehicle are allowed during multiple tests.
f) If the emission type test conducted in parallel with the fuel consumption test is required to be conducted more than once, the fuel consumption obtained from the subsequent emission tests will no longer be considered as long as the type approval value of the fuel consumption has been determined.
g) If the composite value declared by the vehicle manufacturer is adopted as the type approval value, the arithmetic average of the fuel consumption results (L/100km) of each speed segment obtained by the test shall be multiplied by the adjustment factor FC_AF, as shown in Equation (5):
(5)
where,
FCave c——the composite value of each speed range obtained by measurement and calculation, which shall be calculated using Equation (6), L/100km;
(6)
where,
N——the number of speed segments for the test cycle, which is 4 for WLTC cycle, and 3 for China automotive test cycle;
FCave i——the arithmetic average of fuel consumption of the i-th speed segment, L/100km;
Di——the theoretical driving distance of the i-th speed segment, km.
h) If the composite value declared by the vehicle manufacturer is not adopted as the type approval value, the type approval value of the fuel consumption of each speed segment shall be calculated based on the arithmetic average of the fuel consumption test results of the corresponding speed segment.
7.6 See Annex E for the format of the report for the result of the type test.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
5 Test conditions
6 Measurement of CO2, CO and HC emissions
7 Calculation of fuel consumption
8 Production conformity
9 Certification extension
10 Test family
Annex A (Informative) Method for testing fuel consumption in low temperature environment
Annex B (Informative) Test method for fuel consumption when air conditioner is turned on for cooling
Annex C (Informative) Test method for fuel consumption at high altitude
Annex D (Informative) Calculation equation of fuel consumption of vehicles burning other types of fuels
Annex E (Normative) Type test result report
Bibliography
