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For the purpose of implementing the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, this standard is established to prevent and control the pollutant emissions from motor vehicles and to improve ambient air quality.
This standard specifies the requirements for type test of the emissions from light-duty vehicles in China VI, and the requirements for checking conformity of production and in-service conformity as well as their determination criteria. The manufacturer shall ensure that the vehicles manufactured and sold comply with the requirements of this standard.
Compared with GB 18352.5-2013 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (China 5), the significant changes are as follows:
——Type I test cycle is changed, the pollutant emission limits is tightened and the measurement requirements for PN emitted from gasoline vehicle is added.
——the requirements for the real driving emission (RDE) test are added as the Type II test, and the previous Type II test is cancelled;
——Type VI test items are added and with stricter limits;
——the technical requirements for the OBD system, e.g. monitoring items, threshold limits and monitoring conditions, etc. are modified;
——the related requirements for access to the OBD system and vehicle repair and maintenance information are modified;
——the methods of verifying conformity of production and the requirements for checking in-service conformity are modified;
——the technical requirements concerning the fuels for test are modified;
——the requirements for controlling refueling emissions are added;
——the test requirements for HEVs are added.
This standard is modified in relation to the technical content contained in the Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and ECE R83-07 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements, and Global Technical Regulation No.15 Worldwide harmonized light vehicle test procedures (WLTP) (GTR 15) as well as their amendments.
The following significant changes have been made in this standard with respect to the above EU regulations:
——the definition and classification of light-duty vehicles follow the requirements of GB 18352.3-2013;
——the Type I test procedure is modified and worldwide harmonized light vehicle test procedure (WLTP) is adopted;
——Type II test is changed to real driving emission (RDE) test;
——Type IV test is modified;
——the requirements for controlling emissions from diesel vehicles and NOx emission in Type VI test are added;
——the test requirements for refueling emissions are added;
——the emission limits for each pollutant are tightened;
——the test requirements for effective volume and initial working capacity of carbon canister are added;
——the test requirements for substrate volume, total charge of precious metal and proportion of precious metals of catalytic converter are added;
——the method of verifying conformity of production is modified and the requirements for checking conformity of production of carbon canister and catalytic converter are added;
——the requirements for checking evaporative/refueling emissions in the section of in-service conformity are added;
——the confirmatory check for type-test sample vehicles is added;
——the technical requirements concerning the OBD system are modified;
——the technical requirements concerning the reference fuel for test are modified.
The OBD section of this standard is modified in relation to the technical requirements contained in CCR Title 13 California Code of Regulations, Section 1968.2, Malfunction and diagnostic system requirements for 2004 and subsequent model-year passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles and engines, as well as their amendments.
——it is modified in relation to the technical requirements of OBD II system;
——it is modified in relation to the relevant requirements for access to the OBD system and vehicle repair and maintenance information;
——it is modified in relation to the technical requirements of evaporative emission test.
Annex A, and Annex C through Annex R of this standard are normative, while Annex B is informative.
This standard was organized and formulated by the Department of Air Environmental Management and Department of Science, Technology and Standards under the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
This standard was drafted by Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, China Automotive Technology and Research Center, Xiamen Environmental Protection Vehicle Emission Control Technology Center and Beijing Vehicle Emissions Management Center.
This standard was approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on November 24, 2016.
As from the issuance date of this standard, the type test for new vehicles may be carried out in accordance with this standard. As from July 1, 2020, all light-duty vehicles sold and registered shall comply with the requirements of this standard.
As from July 1, 2020, this standard replaces GB 18352.5-2013 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (China 5). Prior to July 1, 2025, in the case of the “In-service conformity check” for China 5 light-duty vehicles, appropriate requirements in GB 18352.5-2013 shall still apply.
This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (China 6)
1 Scope
This standard is applicable to the light-duty vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles, powered by positive-ignition engines or compression-ignition engines, with a maximum design speed 50 km/h.
This standard specifies the limits and measurement methods for exhaust emissions at normal and low temperatures, real driving emissions (RDE), crankcase emissions, evaporative emissions and refueling emissions, and technical requirements and measurement methods for the durability of pollution control devices and on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems of light-duty vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines.
This standard specifies the limits and measurement methods for exhaust emissions at normal and low temperatures, real driving emissions and crankcase emissions, and technical requirements and measurement methods for the durability of pollution control devices and on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems of light-duty vehicles equipped with compression-ignition engines.
This standard specifies the requirements and method for type test of light-duty vehicles, check requirements and determination methods of conformity of production and in-service conformity.
This standard also specifies the special requirements for vehicles fuelled with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or natural gas (NG).
This standard also specifies the type test procedure for replacement pollution control devices as separate technical units intended to be fitted on light-duty vehicles with respect to pollutant emissions.
This standard also stipulates the technical requirements for vehicles that use a reagent for the exhaust after-treatment system and the procedure for emission test of vehicles equipped with periodically regenerating systems.
At the manufacturer's request, type test may be performed for Category M1, M2 and N2 vehicles with the maximum mass >3,500kg but 4,500kg in accordance with this standard.
If a vehicle covered by this standard has passed the type test in accordance with GB 17691 (China VI), such vehicle may be exempted from type test according to this standard.
The light-duty vehicles fuelled by the fuel types that are not contained in Annex K shall also comply with the requirements of this standard.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB 1495 Limits and measurement methods for noise emitted by accelerating motor vehicles
GB 3847 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust smoke from C.I.E. (Compression Ignition Engine) and vehicle equipped with C.I.E.
GB 7258 Safety specifications for power-driven vehicles operating on roads
GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB 17691 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from compression ignition and gas fuelled positive ignition engines of vehicles (III, IV, V)
GB18285 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from vehicles equipped ignition engine under two-speed idle conditions and simple driving mode conditions
GB/T 19001 Quality management systems - Requirements
GB/T 27630 Guideline for Air Quality Assessment of Passenger Car
HJ/T 390 Technical Requirement for Environmental Protection Product - Control System of Fuel Evaporative Pollutants from Vehicle WITH Gasoline Engine
HJ 509 Determination of Platinum, Palladium and Rhodium loading in the vehicle-used ceramic catalytic converters Inductive Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry and Inductive Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
ISO 2575 Road vehicles - Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales
ISO 8422-1991 Sequential sampling plans for inspection by attributes
ISO 15031-7 Road vehicles - Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related diagnostics - Part 7: Data link security (dated March 15, 2001)
EN 1822 High efficiency air filters (EPA, HEPA and ULPA)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
light-duty vehicle
vehicle of Category M1, M2 and N1 with the maximum mass of not exceeding 3,500kg
3.2
vehicle of Category M1, M2, N1 and N2
according to GB/T 15089,
vehicle of Category M1 refers to the passenger vehicle with no more than 9 seats, including the driver's seat
vehicle of Category M2 refers to the passenger vehicle with more than 9 seats including the driver's seat, and with the maximum mass of not exceeding 5,000kg
vehicle of Category N1 refers to the goods vehicle with the maximum mass of not exceeding 3,500kg
vehicle of Category N2 refers to the goods vehicle with the maximum mass of more than 3,500kg but not more than 12,000kg
3.3
vehicle of category I
vehicle of Category M1 with no more than 6 seats including the driver's seat, and with the maximum mass of not exceeding 2,500kg
3.4
vehicle of category II
all vehicles covered by this standard except those of category I
3.5
hybrid electric vehicle, HEV
vehicle that is able to, at least, obtain power from both of the following on-board energy storage device:
——consumable fuel;
——rechargeable electrical energy/power storage device
3.6
bi-fuel vehicle
vehicle that can run on both gasoline and a gaseous fuel, but is designed to run on only one fuel at a time
3.7
mono-fuel gas vehicle
vehicle that is designed to run on a gaseous fuel (i.e. LPG or NG), or vehicle that can run on both gaseous fuel (LPG or NG) and gasoline, but gasoline is intended for emergency purposes or engine starting only, and the gasoline tank shall have a volume of not exceeding 15L
3.8
reference mass, RM
unladen kerb mass of the vehicle increased by a uniform figure of 100kg
3.9
test mass, TM
sum of the vehicle reference mass, mass of optional equipment ( ) and the representative load mass (2)
3.10
maximum mass
technically permissible maximum mass declared by the vehicle manufacturer
3.11
gaseous pollutants
exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), total hydrocarbons (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and nitrous oxide (N2O)
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) is expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent;
Total hydrocarbons (THC) and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) assume a ratio of:
(a) C1H1.85 for gasoline,
(b) C1H1.86 for diesel,
(c) C1H2.525 for LPG,
(d) CH4 for NG.
3.12
non-methane hydrocarbons, NMHC
total hydrocarbons (THC) except for methane (CH4)
3.13
total hydrocarbons, THC
all volatile compounds that can be detected by the flame ionization detector (FID)
3.14
particulate matter, PM
components of exhaust gas which are collected from the diluted exhaust gas at a maximum temperature of 52℃ by means of the prescribed filter according to the test method described in Appendix CD, Annex C
3.15
particle numbers (PN)
total number of particles of a diameter greater than 23nm present in the diluted exhaust gas from which the volatile materials have been removed, according to the test method described in Appendix CD, Annex C
3.16
exhaust emissions
gaseous pollutants and particulate matters emitted from the vehicle tailpipe
3.17
evaporative emissions
hydrocarbon vapors lost from the fuel (gasoline) system of a motor vehicle other than those from tailpipe emissions, including:
(1) tank breathing losses (gas exchange losses) are hydrocarbon emissions caused by temperature changes in the fuel tank, expressed in C1H2.33 equivalent;
(2) hot soak losses are hydrocarbon emitted by the fuel system of a stationary vehicle after a period of driving, expressed in C1 H2.20 equivalent
3.18
refueling emissions
hydrocarbon emitted or leaked from the vehicle during refueling process (assuming a ratio of C1H2.33)
3.19
crankcase
spaces in or external to an engine which are connected to the oil sump by internal or external ducts through which gases or vapor can escape
3.20
cold start device
device that temporarily enriches the air/fuel mixture of the engine thus assisting the engine to start
3.21
starting aid
device which assists engine start without enrichment of the air/fuel mixture of the engine, e.g. glow plug, injection change or ignition timing change, etc.
3.22
engine displacement
nominal engine swept volume for reciprocating piston engines; twice the nominal engine swept volume for rotary piston engines,
3.23
pollution control devices
devices of a vehicle that control or limit exhaust and evaporative emissions.
3.24
onboard diagnostic system, OBD
on-board diagnostic system for emission control, which is capable of identifying the likely area of malfunction by means of malfunction codes stored in electronic control unit (ECU) memory
3.25
onboard refueling vapor recovery, ORVR
pollution control devices, fitted to a vehicle, to control emissions of oil vapor (hydrocarbon) during refueling process
3.26
malfunction indicator light, MIL
visible indicator light that clearly informs the driver of the vehicle in the event of a malfunction of any emission-related component connected to the OBD system, or of the OBD system itself
3.27
misfire
lack of combustion in the engine cylinder due to ignition malfunction, poor gas mixture, poor compression or any other cause
3.28
defeat device
device or strategy which measures, senses or responses vehicle speed, engine speed, transmission gear, temperature, altitude, manifold vacuum or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying or deactivating the operation of any component of the emission control system, that reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal vehicle operation and use
Such measure may not be considered a defeat device if:
(1) the need for the device is justified in terms of protecting the engine against damage or accident and for safe operation of the vehicle; or
(2) the device does not function beyond the requirements of engine starting; or
(3) conditions are substantially included in the Type I, II, III, IV, VI and VII test procedures.
3.29
reagent
any product other than fuel that is stored on board and is provided to the exhaust after-treatment system upon request of the emission control system
3.30
periodically regenerating system
pollution control device (e.g. catalytic converter, particulate trap, etc.) that requires a periodically regenerating process in no more than 4,000km of normal vehicle operation
For a periodically regenerating system, during cycles where regeneration occurs, the emission limits specified in 5.3.1.4 may be exceeded. If a regeneration of a pollution control device occurs at least once per Type I test and that has already regenerated at least once during vehicle preparation cycle, it will be considered as a continuously regenerating system which does not require a special test procedure. Annex Q does not apply to continuously regenerating systems.
The test procedure specific to periodically regenerating systems will not apply if the manufacturer provides data to the competent authority of environmental protection (CAEP) that, during cycles where regeneration occurs, emissions remain below the limits given in 5.1.3.4, and the manufacturer will provide a written statement to the CAEP.
3.31
real driving emission, RDE
emissions in real driving conditions
3.32
portable emission measurement system, PEMS
portable emission measurement system meeting the requirements specified in Appendix DB
3.33
properly maintained and used
for the purpose of a test vehicle, that such a vehicle satisfies the criteria for acceptance of a selected vehicle laid down in OA.2, Annex O
3.34
access to information
availability of all vehicle OBD and vehicle repair and maintenance information, required for the inspection, diagnosis, repair and maintenance of the vehicle
3.35
fuel
type of fuel normally used by the engine:
− gasoline
− LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)
− NG (natural gas)
− both gasoline and LPG
− both gasoline and NG
− diesel fuel
wherein, liquid fuel refers to gasoline or diesel, while gaseous fuel refers to LPG or NG
3.36
useful life
durability distance or period assuring normal operations of the vehicles specified in this standard, whichever occurs first
3.37
full life
whole life circle of the vehicle from being manufactured, put into operation to scrapped
3.38
emission families
combination of several vehicle types with similar emission characteristics, consisting of the reference vehicle types subject to type test and the vehicle types extended in accordance with the 6.1 to 6.5
3.39
predominant mode
single mode that is always selected when the vehicle is switched on regardless of the operating mode selected when the vehicle was previously shut down
3.40
rechargeable electric energy storage system, REESS
rechargeable electric energy storage system
4 Pollution control requirements
4.1 Requirements for type test
4.1.1 The vehicles manufactured and imported by vehicle manufacturers shall be subjected to type test according to this standard. The type test of a vehicle type consists of exhaust emissions, real driving emissions, crankcase emissions, evaporative emissions, refueling emissions and durability of pollution control devices, as well as its on-board diagnostic (OBD) system, etc.
4.1.2 For the tests described in Clause 5 of this standard, a vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be subjected to type test shall be selected.
4.1.3 For the tests described in J.4 and J.5 in Annex J, a vehicle representative of the vehicle family fitted with the OBD system shall be selected. If the vehicle manufacturer cannot ensure that the selected vehicle fully represents the vehicle type or vehicle family described in Appendix JB, Annex J, an additional vehicle shall be provided to be subject to the tests specified in J.4 and J.5.
4.1.4 If a vehicle type meets all technical requirements described in Clause 5, it passes the type test. A format of type test report is included in Annex B.
4.1.5 The vehicle manufacturer or testing organization shall seal and preserve the sample vehicle of type test for one year for future reference, and after one year the ECU of sample vehicle shall be sealed and preserved for future reference.
4.1.6 The CAEP may conduct confirmatory check for the type-test sample vehicles and results in accordance with the procedure specified in Annex N.
4.2 Conformity of environmental production and in-service conformity
4.2.1 The vehicle manufacturer shall ensure the conformity of environmental production for the vehicles in mass production according to this standard, and shall submit the documentation ensuring conformity of production to the CAEP according to the requirements of Annex N.
4.2.2 The vehicle manufacturer shall ensure the in-service conformity of the vehicles according to this standard, and submit the documentation demonstrating in-service conformity to the CAEP according to the requirements of Annex O.
4.3 Information disclosure
The vehicle manufacturer shall disclose the information concerning pollution control and type test contained in Annex A and Annex B, in the case of involving any corporate confidential information, it shall be disclosed after having been technically processed.
5 Type test
5.1 General
5.1.1 The components liable to affect the exhaust emissions, real driving emissions, crankcase emissions, evaporative emissions, refueling emissions, durability of pollution control devices, and OBD system shall be so designed, manufactured and assembled as to enable the vehicle, in normal use, to comply with the provisions of this standard.
5.1.2 The technical measures taken by the manufacturer shall be such as to ensure that in conformity with the provisions of this standard, exhaust emissions, real driving emissions, crankcase emissions, evaporative emissions and refueling emissions are effectively limited throughout the useful life of the vehicle and under normal conditions of use. This will include the reliability of those hoses and their joints and connections, used within the emission control systems, which shall be so manufactured as to comply with the original design intent.
All vehicles shall be equipped with OBD systems. The design, production and installation of such systems shall be able to recognize the types of deterioration or malfunction during full life period.
The use of a defeat device is prohibited.
Unless it’s required to solve the vehicle emission defects, with the written statement of the refit from the manufacturer, any refit shall be prohibited for the technical measures for emission control and OBD system installed on the vehicle during the full life period.
5.1.3 Provisions shall be made to prevent excess evaporative emissions or fuel spillage caused by a missing fuel tank cap. This may be achieved by using one of the following:
(1) An automatically opening and closing, non-removable fuel tank cap;
(2) Structural design features which avoid excess evaporative emissions in the case of a missing fuel tank cap;
(3) Any other measure which has the same effect, e.g., a tethered fuel tank cap, a chained filler cap or one utilizing the same locking key for the fuel tank cap as for the vehicle's ignition. In this case, the key shall be removable from the fuel tank cap only in the locked condition.
5.1.4 Provisions on electronic system security
5.1.4.1 The manufacturer shall ensure that the emission-related requirements or parameters in the ECU are not modified. The manufacturer shall authorize modifications, if these modifications are necessary for the diagnosis, maintenance, inspection, retrofitting or repair of the vehicle, incorporate them into the in-service conformity data in detail. Any reprogrammable ECU codes or operating parameters shall be resistant to tampering and afford a level of protection at least as good as the provisions in ISO 15031-7. Any removable calibration memory chips shall be potted, encased in a sealed container or protected by electronic algorithms. The stored data shall not be changeable without the use of specialized tools and procedures authorized by the manufacturer.
5.1.4.2 ECU-coded engine operating parameters shall not be alterable without the use of specialized tools and procedures authorized by the manufacturer.
5.1.4.3 For the vehicles that are unlikely to require protection, changes may be made by the manufacturer by relying on, but not limited to, the following criteria: current availability of performance chips, high performance capability of the vehicle, and sales volume. In the cases of any changes, the manufacturer shall make the written statement.
5.1.4.4 Manufacturers using programmable ECU code systems (e.g. Electrical Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, EEPROM) shall deter unauthorized reprogramming. Manufacturers shall include enhanced tamper protection strategies and write protect features to deter any unauthorized tampering or rewriting to the delivered or sold vehicles. Written statement shall be made for the methods of tamper protection employed by the manufacturer.
5.2 Items of type test
Items of type test for different vehicle types are shown in Table 1.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Pollution control requirements
5 Type test
6 Extensions to type test
7 Conformity of production (COP)
8 In-service conformity
9 Implementation of this standard
Annex A (Normative) Information on type test
Annex B (Informative) Format of type test report
Annex C (Normative) Test of exhaust emissions after a cold start at normal temperature (Type I test)
Annex D (Normative) Test of real driving emissions (Type II test)
Annex E (Normative) Test of crankcase emissions (Type III test)
Annex F (Normative) Test of evaporative emissions (Type IV test)
Annex G (Normative) Durability test of pollution control devices (Type V test)
Annex H (Normative) Test of CO, THC and NOx exhaust emissions after a cold start at low temperature (Type VI test)
Annex I (Normative) Test of refueling emissions (Type VII test)
Annex J (Normative) On-board diagnostics (OBD) system
Annex K (Normative) Technical requirements of reference fuels
Annex L (Normative) Special requirements for vehicles fuelled with LPG or NG
Annex M (Normative) Type test of replacement pollution control device as separate technical unit
Annex N (Normative) Requirements for ensuring conformity of production
Annex O (Normative) In-service conformity
Annex P (Normative) Requirements for vehicles that use a reagent for the exhaust after-treatment system
Annex Q (Normative) Emissions test procedure for a vehicle equipped with a periodically regenerating system
Annex R (Normative) Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) test
