标准编号:	GB/T 13173-2021
中文名称:	表面活性剂 洗涤剂试验方法
英文名称:	Surface active agents - Test methods for detergents
中标分类:	Y43    牙膏、肥皂、洗涤剂
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	71.100.40 71.100.40    表面活性剂及其他助剂 71.100.40
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2021-05-21
实施日期:	2021-12-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB/T 13173-2008 表面活性剂 洗涤剂试验方法 GB/T 13173-2008E
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	44000 字
翻译价格(元):	2700.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB/T 13173-2008 Surface active agents—Detergents—Testing methods. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 13173-2008: ——The sample reduction method of block sample is added (see 4.2.4 hereof); ——The specimen treatment of phosphorus molybdenum blue colorimetry in the determination of total phosphorus (V) oxide content is modified (see 6.2.4.2 hereof; 6.2.4.2 of Edition 2008); ——The extraction of ethanol solution in the determination of total active substance content is modified (see 7.4.1.1 hereof; 7.5.1.1 of Edition 2008); ——The procedure of determining sodium oxide in the determination of total active substance content is modified (see 7.4.1.2 hereof; 7.5.1.2 of Edition 2008); ——The application of mixed bed resin in the determination of non-ionic surface active agent content is added (see 8.2.1.3 and 8.4.1.3 hereof); ——The relative foaming power determination in the determination of foaming power is added (see 11.7 hereof); ——The determination of relative enzyme activity or content of protease is deleted (see Clause 18 of Edition 2008); ——The determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates content in detergents is added (see Clause 18 hereof); ——The determination of free alkali content in detergents is added (see Clause 20 hereof); ——The determination of dry sodium soap content in detergents is added (see Clause 21 hereof); ——The determination of high and low temperature stability of detergents is added (see Clause 22 hereof); ——The determination of odour is added (see Clause 23 hereof); ——The determination of colour and appearance is added (see Clause 24 hereof); ——The informative annex “Identification test of alkylphenol ethoxylates” is added (see Annex C hereof). This standard has been redrafted and modified in relation to ISO 607: 1980 Surface active agents and detergents—Methods of sample division, ISO 697: 1981 Surface active agents—Washing powders—Determination of apparent density—Method by measuring the mass of a given volume, ISO 4313: 1976 Washing powders—Determination of total phosphorus (V) oxide content—Quinoline phosphomolybdate gravimetric method, ISO 4321: 1977 Washing powders—Determination of active oxygen content—Titrimetric method, ISO 4325: 1990 Soaps and detergents—Determination of chelating agent content—Titrimetric method, and ISO 21264: 2019 Surface active agents—Detergents—Determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates. This standard is changed largely in terms of structure due to the integration of several international standards; the comparison between this standard and the international standards in clause/subclause number is listed in Annex A. Technical differences have been made in this standard with respect to the above international standards, and relevant technical differences and their causes have been listed in Annex B. This standard was proposed by China National Light Industry Council. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Surfactant and Detergent of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 272). The previous edition of this standard is as follows: ——GB/T 13173-2008. Surface active agents— Test methods for detergents 1 Scope This standard describes the test methods for indexes of surface active agents and detergents, such as sample reduction, particle size, total phosphorus (V) oxide content, total active substance content, non-ionic surface active agent content, various phosphate content, toluenesulfonate content, foaming power, chelating agent (EDTA) content, apparent density, whiteness, moisture and volatile matter content, active oxygen content, 4A zeolite content, alkylphenol ethoxylates content, effective chlorine content, free alkali content, dry sodium soap content, stability at high and low temperature, odour, colour and appearance, etc. This standard is applicable to the index determination of surface active agents and detergent products. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 6003.1 Test sieves—Technical requirements and testing—Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth (GB/T 6003.1-2012, ISO 3310-1: 2000, MOD) GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use—Specification and test methods (GB/T 6682-2008, ISO 3696: 1987, MOD) JJG 512 Whiteness meters QB/T 2739-2005 Preparations of standard volumetric solutions of general test methods for washing products 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 surface active agents surface-active compound that dissolves in liquids, especially in water, and has a significant reduction in surface or interfacial tension due to preferential adsorption on liquid/gas surfaces or other interfaces 3.2 detergent specially prepared product used for cleaning in the process of cleaning 3.3 bulk sample collected set of samples which do not maintain their individual identities 3.4 blended bulk sample collected set of samples blended together to obtain a uniform bulk sample 3.5 reduced sample sample that has been obtained by reducing the quantity of another sample without change of composition Note: It may also be necessary to reduce the particle size in the course of reducing the quantity. 3.6 final sample sample obtained or prepared under the sampling plan for possible subdivision into identical portions for testing, reference or storage 3.7 laboratory sample sample as prepared for sending to the laboratory and intended for inspection or testing 3.8 reference sample sample prepared at the same time as, and equivalent to, the laboratory sample, which is acceptable to the parties concerned, and retained for use as a laboratory sample if a disagreement occurs 3.9 storage sample sample prepared at the same time as, and equivalent to, the laboratory sample, and intended for possible future use as a laboratory sample 3.10 test sample specimen prepared from the laboratory sample and from which test portions will be taken   3.11 active matter (for detergents) all surface active agents showing specified activity in the formula 3.12 non-ionic surface active agent surface active agent that does not produce ions in aqueous solution. The solubility of nonionic surface active agents in water is due to the existence of functional groups with strong hydrophilicity in the molecules 3.13 foaming power ability of a product to produce foam 3.14 chelating agent substance having a molecular structure of several electron donor groups capable of binding to metal ions by chelation 3.15 apparent density mass of per unit apparent volume 3.16 whiteness ratio of the radiant energy diffusely reflected from the surface of an object relative to a completely white object (standard white) in the visible region Note: It is expressed as a percentage. 4 Reduction of sample 4.1 Principle Reduction of a bulk sample by a mechanical process until a reduced sample is obtained. The sample reduction process may be required for the following reasons: a) the preparation of a final sample or a laboratory sample of mass greater than 250g from a blended bulk sample of mass greater than 500g; b) the preparation of several equivalent laboratory samples and/or reference samples and/or storage samples, each of mass greater than 250g, from a final sample; c) the preparation of a test sample from a laboratory sample; d) the test samples mentioned in the following clauses/subclauses of this standard, unless otherwise specified, refer to the test samples obtained through the sample reduction process in this subclause. 4.2 Procedure 4.2.1 Products in powder form 4.2.1.1 Description The procedure specified is applicable to powders, including spray-dried powders, and particularly, those that contain additives that have been introduced after the drying process. Note 1: In the case of powders containing additives introduced after drying, the physical mixture obtained has a tendency to separate. Note 2: In the case of washing powders, it is recommended that sampling be carried out under a ventilated hood; if necessary, a mask shall be worn. 4.2.1.2 Apparatus Any satisfactory apparatus may be used, but the conical divider is recommended: The conical divider (see Figures 1 and 2) shall be constructed in such a way that the two portions of the sample obtained from each dividing operation are quantitatively similar to each other and qualitatively representative of the original sample. An apparatus which satisfies these conditions is the conical divider (see Figure 1) which consists essentially of a hopper (A) from which the sample to be divided runs over the surface of a cone (B) whose apex is situated directly beneath the centre of the lower opening in the hopper. The material running down the cone is diverted to series of receptacles arranged round the circumference of an inverted hopper (C) at the base of the cone (B). Alternate receptacles are connected to one or other of the two outlets at the bottom of the inverted hopper in order to provide two equivalent reduced samples.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Reduction of sample 5 Determination of particle size of powdered detergents 6 Determination of total phosphorus (V) oxide content in detergents 7 Determination of total active substance content in detergents 8 Determination of non-ionic surface active agent content in detergents (ion exchange method) 9 Separation determination of various phosphates content in detergents (ion exchange column chromatography) 10 Determination of toluenesuffonate content in detergents 11 Determination of foaming power for synthetic detergents (Ross-Miles method) 12 Determination of EDTA (chelating agent) content in detergents—Titrimetric method 13 Determination of apparent density of powdered detergent—Method by measuring the mass of a given volume 14 Determination of whiteness of powdered detergents 15 Determination of moisture and volatile content in detergents (oven method) 16 Determination of active oxygen content in detergents (titrimetric method) 17 Determination of 4A zeolite content in detergents (titrimetric method) 18 Determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates content in detergents 19 Determination of available chlorine content in detergents (titrimetric method) 20 Determination of free alkali content in detergents 21 Determination of dry sodium soap content in detergents 22 Determination of high and low temperature stability of detergents 23 Determination of odour of detergents 24 Determination of colour and appearance of detergents 25 Test result report requirements Annex A (Informative) Structural changes of this standard with respect to ISO standards Annex B (Informative) Technical differences between this standard and ISO standards adopted and their causes Annex C (Informative) Identification test of alkylphenol ethoxylates

表面活性剂 洗涤剂试验方法 1 范围 本标准描述了表面活性剂和洗涤剂试验方法的分样、颗粒度、总五氧化二磷含量、总活性物含量、非离子表面活性剂含量、各种磷酸盐含量、甲苯磺酸盐含量、发泡力、螯合剂（EDTA）含量、表观密度、白度、水分及挥发物含量、活性氧含量、4A沸石含量、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚含量、有效氯含量、游离碱含量、干钠皂含量、高低温稳定性、气味、色泽和外观等指标的测试。 本标准适用于表面活性剂和洗涤剂产品的指标测定。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有修改单）适用于本文件。 GB/T 6003.1 试验筛 技术要求和检验 第1部分：金属丝编织网试验筛（GB/T 6003.1—2012，ISO 3310－1：2000，MOD） GB/T 6682 分析实验室用水规格和试验方法（GB/T 6682—2008，ISO 3696：1987，MOD） JJG 512 白度计 QB/T 2739—2005 洗涤用品常用试验方法 滴定分析（容量分析）用试验溶液的制备 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 表面活性剂 surface active agents 一种具有表面活性的化合物，它溶于液体特别是水中，由于在液/气表面或其他界面的优先吸附，使表面张力或界面张力显著降低。 3.2 洗涤剂 detergent 通过洗净过程用于清洗的专门配制的产品。 3.3 大批样品 bulk sample 不保持其独特性的汇集批样品。 3.4 混合的大批样品 blended bulk sample 汇集的批样掺合在一起得到的均一大批样。 3.5 分样 reduced sample 在不改变组成的条件下，通过减步样品的量而得到的样品。 注：在减少样量的同时，也可能需要减小样品颗粒。 3.6 最终样品 final sample 为了试验、参考或保存的目的，按照能够再分成相同份样的取样方法得到或制备的样品。 3.7 实验宣样品 laboratory sample 为了送至实验室检验或试验用而制备的样品。 3.8 参考样品 reference sample 与实验室样品同时制备，并与之等同的样品。此样品可被有关各方接受并保留为在有异议时，用作实验室样品。 3.9 保存样品storage sample 与实验室样品同时制备并与之等同的样品。此样品将来可被用中实验室样品。 3.10 试验样品 test sample 由实验室样品制得从中可直接称取试样。 3.11 活性物（洗涤剂用） active matter（for detergents） 在配方中显示规定活性的全部表面活性剂。 3.12 非离子表面活性剂 non-ionic surface active agent 在水容液中不产生离子的表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂在水中的溶解度是由于分子中存在具有强亲水性的官能团。 3.13 发泡力 foaming power 产品产生泡沫的能力。 3.14 螯合剂 chelating agent 具有几个电子给予体基团分子结构，能够通过螯合作用与金属离子结合的物质。 3.15 表观密度 apparent density 单位表观体积的质量。 3.16 白度 whiteness 在可见光区域内，物体表面相对完全白物体（标准白）漫反射辐射能的大小的比值。 注：白度用百分数表示。 4 样品的分样 4.1 原理 用机械方法将大批样品分样，直到获得小份样品。 由于以下原因需要对样品进行分样： a） 由500 g以上的混合大批样品制备250 g以上的最终样品或实验室样品； b） 由最终样品制备若干份相同的实验室样品或参考样品或保存样品，每份样品质量都在250 g以上； c） 由实验室样品制备试验样品； d） 本标准以后章条中提到的试验样品未特别说明时，均指经本章分样过程取得的试验样品。 4.2 程序 4.2.1 粉状产品分样 4.2.1.1 说明 此规定程序适用于粉状产品，包括喷雾干燥产品，也包括在干燥过程后再配入添加剂的产品。 注1：粉体中含有干燥后加入的添加剂时，所得到的物理混合物有分离倾向。 注2：对洗衣粉，建议在通风橱内取样，需要时带上面罩。 4.2.1.2 装置 可以用任何符合要求的装置。本标准规定使用锥形分样器。 锥形分样器（见图1和图2）具有的构造应使每次分样操作所得的两份样品在数量上差不多。在性质上可代表原样。 能满足这些条件的锥形分样器（见图1）.主要包括加料斗（A）、锥体（B）和转换料斗（C）。锥体（B）的顶部正好位于加料斗（A）下开口的中心，转换料斗（C）位于锥体（B）的底部。各个受器排列在转换料斗（C）的周围并交替地连接到转换料斗底部的两个出口。被分样样品经加料斗（A）流过锥体（B）表面，转至转换料斗（C），被分至各个受器，再交替地经两个出口流出，以给出两组类似的分样样品。 A 加料斗 B 锥体 C 转换料斗 图1 锥形分样器剖视图 单位为毫米 图2 锥形分样器总图 4.2.1.3 分样的制备 4.2.1.3.1 最终样品的制备 在锥形分样器两个出口的下面各放一个接受器，将加料斗的阀门关闭，样品放入加料斗中，将阀门开至最大，使大批样品流过锥体，被分成两部分。各置于一个接受器内。 保留两份样品中的一份，将另一份弃去。再将一份新的大批样品通过锥形分样器，重复操作，直至所有大批样品被分样。 弄干净装置，再将保留的相当于一半大批样品如上述通过设备，重复操作，直至得到需要量的分样。 4.2.1.3.2 几个相同样品的制备 若所需样品数超过一个，应制备足够分样以得到2n个相同样品，此处2n等于或超过所需样品数。 采用本分样器将分样分成2n个相等份。立即把每份全部放入密封瓶或烧瓶内。 4.2.1.3.3 试验样品的制备 如从实验室样品取试验样品，需将实验室样品按4.2.1.3.1和4.2.1.3.2的规定处理。 试验样品量最少不应少于10 g，否则试验样品可能不能真正代表大批样品，从而不适合用作分析。 4.2.2 浆状产品分样 4.2.2.1 装置 4.2.2.1.1 取样勺或刮勺。 4.2.2.1.2 适宜的混合器，装有混合用打浆器。采用适宜设计的打浆器，要求有足够的功率，使大批样品能被全部混合并在5 min内呈奶油状，在混合过程中应尽量避免大量的气泡混入。 4.2.2.2 分样的制备 在原容器中将产品（大批样品或实验室样品）温热到35℃～40℃，采用适宜的混合器（4.2.2.1.2）立即混合2 min～3 min，直到获得均匀物。 在混合前不得从原容器中取出浆状物，以防得到没有代表性的样品，待分样的大批样品应放在不取出物料就可以混合的容器内。 加热和混台时间应尽可能短，以使产品变化降至最小。使用勺或刮勺，立即取出所需量的样品，并转入适当的已预称量并配有玻璃塞的容器内。 使容器巾的内容物冷却到室温，再称量以得到分样的质量。 注：浆状物与玻璃容器接触容易分离出碱液，一旦样品被放入容器内，就不允许取出。 实际经验表明，在混合称置时会损失微量水分，这是可接受的。 4.2.3 液体产品分样 4.2.3.1 仪器和器皿 4.2.3.1.1 玻璃烧瓶或称量吸移管。 4.2.3.1.2 人工搅拌器（例如玻璃棒）。 4.2.3.1.3 机械搅拌器。 4.2.3.2 分样的制备 若产品（大批样品或实验室样品）清澈和明显均匀，则用人工搅拌器（4.2.3.1.2）混合之，然后用烧瓶或称量吸移管（4.2.3.1.1）立即取出所需量的分样。在混合过程中尽量避免形成泡沫，同时尽量避免由于蒸发引起的样品损失。 若产品（大批样品或实验室样品）混浊或有沉淀，则用机械搅拌器（4.2.3.1.3）混合之，立即取出所需量样品。 若产品（大批量样品或实验室样品）含有固体沉淀，应小心将原容器温热到约30℃，直到通过搅拌使沉淀能全部分散或所有结晶消失，立即取出所需量样品。 4.2.4 块状产品分样 4.2.4.1 仪器与工具 4.2.4.1.1 样品刀或切割钢丝。 4.2.4.1.2 机械粉碎机。 4.2.4.2 分样的制备 用刀（4.2.4.1.1）将每条、块或片通过每面的中间互相垂直地切三刀，分成八份，收集斜对角的两个八份之一。若样品量超过需要的量，将每个八分之一再分成两等份（可进行多次重复，直至达到需要的样品量）。细细地切成薄片、磨碎或通过机械粉碎机（4.2.4.1.2）粉碎，充分混合后装入干净容器中。 注：如样品为洗衣片一样的特别薄片，则切两刀，样品分为四份，取对角线的两份。 4.3 分样的保存 最好是取样后.尽可能快地进行分析或试验，如办不到，可根据分样的意图，把它立即放入密闭的玻璃或塑料瓶内（不要使用金属容器），并测定和记录其质量。 注：直到进行分析和试验以前，分样尽可能保存在其原先条件下。 5 粉状洗涤剂颗粒度的测定 5.1 原理 将试样用规定孔径的筛子，经机械振荡器筛分，分别称取留于筛子上及底盘中试样的质量，以对试样的百分率表示之。 5.2 仪器 5.2.1 试验筛，符合GB/T 6003.1的规定，筛框直径D＝200 mm。按待测产品标准的要求选取一套规定孔径的筛子，配以底盘和筛盖。 5.2.2 电动振荡器，平行往复式（振幅36 mm，频率243次/min）或立式（频率1 400 次/min）。 5.2.3 天平，精度0.1 g。 5.3 程序 5.3.1 把按要求选取的一套规定孔径的清洁、干燥的试验筛（5.2.1），按孔径从小到大的顺序，从下而上重叠为一筛组，将筛组置于底盘之上，一起装在电动振荡器（5.2.2）上。 5.3.2 称取试样100 g（称准至0.1 g），置于上层筛中，加筛盖。 5.3.3 开动振荡器，筛振4 min士30 s；若用立式振荡器时，筛振8 min±30 s。停止振荡后取下底盘和筛组，分别收集并称取各筛子及底盘中的试样质量（附着于筛面上的粒子用刷子仔细拂下）。 5.3.4 另取一只经分样器分样的试样，重复进行上述试验。