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YY/T 0809 consists of the following parts, under the general title Implants for surgery - Partial and total hip joint prostheses:
——Part 1: Classification and designation of dimensions;
——Part 2: Articulating surfaces made of metallic, ceramic and plastics materials
——Part 3: (Reserved);
——Part 4: Determination of endurance properties and performance of stemmed femoral components;
——Part 5: (Reserved);
——Part 6: Endurance properties testing and performance requirements of neck region of stemmed femoral components;
——Part 7: (Reserved);
——Part 8: Endurance performance of stemmed femoral components with application of torsion;
——Part 9: (Reserved);
——Part 10: Determination of resistance to static load of modular femoral heads;
——Part 11:
——Part 12: Deformation test method for acetabular shells;
——Part 13: Determination of resistance to torque of head fixation of stemmed femoral components.
This is Part 12 of YY/T 0809.
This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard has been redrafted and modified in relation to ISO 7206-12: 2016 Implants for surgery - Partial and total hip joint prostheses - Part 12: Deformation test method for acetabular shells.
The following main technical changes have been made with respect to ISO 7206-12:2016:
——The adjustment on technical differences are made for the normative references of this Part to adapt to the technical conditions in China. The adjustments are mainly reflected in clause 2 "Normative references", which are shown as follows:
ISO 2768-2 is replaced by GB/T 1184 which is adjusted into the Bibliography.
ISO 21534 is replaced by GB/T 12417.2, which is identical to the international standard;
ISO 7206-1 is replaced by YY/T 0809.1, which is identical to the international standard;
ISO 7206-2 is replaced by YY/T 0809.2, which is modified in relation to the international standard;
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This part was proposed by the National Medical Products Administration of People’s Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 110/SC 1 the Subcommittee on Orthopaedic Implants of the National Technical Committee on Implants for Surgery and Orthopaedic Devices of Standardization Administration of China.
Implants for surgery - Partial and total hip joint prostheses -
Part 12: Deformation test method for acetabular shells
1 Scope
This part of YY/T 0809 specifies a test method for determining short-term deformation of a press-fit acetabular component for total hip joint replacement under specific laboratory conditions. It also defines the conditions of testing so that the important parameters that affect the components are taken into account and it describes how the specimen is set up for testing. Furthermore, this part specifies the test parameters of press-fit acetabular components tested in accordance with this part.
The test method is intended to be used to evaluate the comparison of various designs and materials used for acetabular components in total hip joint replacement when tested under similar conditions.
The loading of the acetabular components in vivo will, in general, differ from the loading defined in this test method. The results obtained here cannot be used to directly predict in vivo performance.
This part does not cover methods of examining the test specimen.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 12417.2 Non-active surgical implants - Osteosynthesis and joint replacement implants - Part 2: Particular requirements for joint replacement implants (GB/T 12417.2-2008, ISO 21534: 2002, IDT)
YY/T 0809.1 Implants for surgery - Partial and total hip joint prostheses - Part 1: Classification and designation of dimensions (YY/T 0809.1-2010, ISO 7206-1: 2008, IDT)
YY/T 0809.2 Implants for surgery - Partial and total hip joint prostheses - Part 2: Articulating surfaces made of metallic, ceramic and plastics materials (YY/T 0809.2-2010, ISO 7206-2: 1996, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in YY/T 0809.1, YY/T 0809.2 and GB/T 12417.2 and the following, apply.
3.1
metal backing deformation
amount of geometrical deviation (inner diameter and circularity of metal backing in a defined measurement plane) from design specifications under loading conditions
3.2
spherical socket deformation
articulating surface deformation
amount of geometrical deviation (diameter and circularity in a defined measurement plane) from design specifications under loading conditions
3.3
frontal face reference plane
plane, perpendicular to the component polar axis, nominally at the frontal face level (see Figure 1a))
Note 1: In case of doubt, the polar axis can be defined as a straight line perpendicular to the plane spanning around the contact zone of the acetabular component to the cortical bone, and passing through the centre point of the ball sphere approximating the acetabular component’s outer sphere.
Note 2: In case of an asymmetrically shaped front face, e.g. anatomically shaped acetabular components, the frontal face reference plane can be located at a level, which contains the largest part of the frontal face that is perpendicular to the component polar axis (see Figures 1b) and 1c)).
Note 3: In case the frontal face does not contain any part perpendicular to the component axis, the frontal face reference plane can be located at that level perpendicular to the polar axis at the approximated middle between the highest and the lowest point of the frontal face (see Figure 1d)).
Note: Marked (shaded) areas of the frontal face are located in the reference plane.
Figure 1 Frontal face reference plane of acetabular components
3.4
loading plane
plane, parallel to the frontal face reference plane and located in an area where the acetabular cup gets in contact with the cortical bone after being properly and fully seated intraoperatively
Example: For symmetrically shaped acetabular components, Figure 1a), the loading plane will usually be located close to the frontal face reference plane.
3.5
measurement plane
plane, parallel to the frontal face reference plane, located with a certain distance to the frontal face reference plane but as close as possible to the frontal face reference plane
Note 1: The sensitivity of the deformation measurement decreases with increasing distance of the measurement plane from the front face reference plane and with decreasing distance of the measurement plane to the top of the cup.
Note 2: Within the measurement plane, the measurement points for determining the inner diameter of the test specimen can be captured. Therefore, the measurement plane can be defined so that capturing the measurement points is not disturbed by any design features of the test specimen as holes or cut-outs. The measurement points can be captured at the test specimen directly; they cannot be captured at the load frame.
4 Principle
The test specimen is subjected to diametrically opposite two-point loading. For the determination of short-term deformation, measurements of diameter in loading direction in a defined measurement plane are carried out prior and under loading, as well as after unloading. This deformation measurement procedure is repeated two times after rotating the specimen with rotation angles of itself, of which each rotation angle measures 120° to account for influence of asymmetric design features as fins, holes, etc.
Metal-backed modular acetabular components can deform and affect the seating of the insert. The combination of metal-backing and insert can deform and affect the tribology. So such components shall be tested in two steps: first step, testing of the metal backing alone; second step, testing of the metal backing with the appropriately mounted bearing insert.
Press-fit installation of monoblock acetabular cup components can cause deformation of the articular surface which may affect tribology. Such components shall be tested in only one step.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Loading device
A load frame capable of the following functionality:
a) shall not exhibit any visible and irreversible deformation under loading the test specimen;
b) shall allow reproducible loading and unloading of a test specimen along a defined mechanical axis and measuring loads and distances, respectively;
c) shall be capable of loading acetabular cups up to a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 50 mm.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Apparatus
6 Procedure
7 Report
Bibliography
CS 11.040.40
C 35
YY
中华人民共和国医药行业标准
外科植入物 部分和全髋关节假体
第12部分:髋臼杯形变测试方法
Implants for surgery—Partial and total hip joint prostheses—
Part 12:Deformation test method for acetabular shells
(ISO 7206-12:2016,MOD)
2020-06-30发布 2021-06-01实施
国家药品监督管理局 发布
前言
YY/T 0809《外科植入物 部分和全髋关节假体》预计分为以下几个部分:
——第1部分:分类和尺寸标注;
——第2部分:金属、陶瓷及塑料关节面;
——第3部分:(预留);
——第4部分:带柄股骨部件疲劳性能试验和性能要求;
——第5部分:(预留);
——第6部分:带柄股骨部件颈部疲劳性能试验和性能要求;
——第7部分:(预留);
——第8部分:有扭矩作用的带柄股骨部件疲劳性能;
——第9部分:(预留);
——第10部分:组合式股骨头抗静载力测定;
——第11部分:
——第12部分:髋臼杯形变测试方法;
——第13部分:带柄股骨部件头部固定抗扭转力矩的测定。
本部分为YY/T 0809的第12部分。
本部分按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。
本部分使用重新起草法修改采用ISO 7206-12:2016《外科植入物 部分和全髋关节假体 第12部分:髋臼杯形变测试方法》。
本部分与ISO 7206-12:201 6相比,存在如下技术差异:
——关于规范性引用文件,本部分做了具有技术性差异的调整,以适应我国的技术条件,调整的情况集中反映在第2章“规范性引用文件”中,具体调整如下:
· 用GB/T 1184代替ISO 2768-2,并调整至参考文献中;
· 用等同采用国际标准的GB/T 12417.2代替ISO 21534;
· 用等同采用国际标准的YY/T 0809.1代替ISO 7206-1;
· 用修改采用国际标准的YY/T 0809.2代替ISO 7206-2。
请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别这些专利的责任。
本部分由国家药品监督管理局提出。
本部分由全国外科植人物和矫形器械标准化技术委员会骨科植入物分技术委员会(SAC/TC 110/SC 1)归口。
外科植入物 部分和全髋关节假体
第12部分:髋臼杯形变测试方法
1 范围
YY/T 0809的本部分规定了在特定的实验室条件下,测量用于全髋关节置换的压配式髋臼部件短期形变的试验方法,也规定了测试条件,考虑了影响测试部件的重要参数,并且描述了试验样品的安装方法。此外,还规定了测试压配式髋臼部件的试验参数。
本试验方法适用于在相似试验条件下对用于全髋关节置换的不同髋臼部件的设计和材料进行对比、评估。
髋臼部件在体内的受力情况一般不同于本试验方法规定的受力情况。本试验得到的结果不能直接用于预测髋臼部件在体内的性能。
本部分不包括试验样品的检查方法。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 1241 7.2 无源外科植入物 骨接合与关节置换植入物 第2部分:关节置换植入物特殊要求(GB/T 12417.2—2008,ISO 21534:2002,IDT)
YY/T 0809.1 外科植入物 部分和全髋关节假体 第1部分:分类和尺寸标注(YY/T 0809.1 2010,ISO 7206-1:2008,IDT)
YY/T 0809.2 外科植入物 部分和全髋关节假体 第2部分:金属、陶瓷及塑料关节面(YY/T 0809.2 2010,ISO 7206-2:1996,MOD)
3 术语和定义
YY/T 0809.1、YY/T 0809.2和GB/T 12417.2界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
金属杯形变 metal backing deformation
在加载条件下,金属杯的内径和网度在规定的测量平面内与设计尺寸的几何偏差。
3.2
内球面形变 spherical socketde formation
关节面形变 articulating surface deformation
在加载条件下,直径和网度在规定的测量平面内与设计尺寸的几何偏差。
3.3
前参考平面 frontal face reference plane
垂直于髋臼部件极轴的平面,通常为髋臼部件的前平面[见图1a)]
注1:如有异议,极轴可定义为与髋臼部件和皮质骨接触区域的横跨面垂直,并通过髋臼部件外球球心的直线。
注2:如髋臼部件前平面形状不对称,比如解剖型的髋臼部件,前参考平面可定义为垂直于髋臼部件极轴且包含最大前平面的平面[见图1b)和图1c)]。
注3:如髋臼部件前平面无垂直于髋臼部件极轴的区域,前参考平面可定义为前平面最高点和最低点中间位置的一个垂直于极轴的平面[见图1d)]。
注:髋臼前平面标注区域(阴影部分)位于参考平面内。
图1 髋臼部件的前参考平面
3.4
加载平面 Loading plane
平行于前参考平面,位于在术中正确放置髋臼杯后髋臼杯与皮质骨接触区域的一个平面。
示例:对于对称的髋臼部件[如图1a)],加载平面通常位于接近前参考平面的位置。
3.5
测量平面 Measurement plane
平行于前参考平面,距前参考平面一定距离但尽可能地接近的一个平面。
注1:形变测量的灵敏度随着测量平面和前参考平面之间距离的增加而降低,随着测量平面与髋臼杯顶端距离的减小而降低。
注2:可从测量平面内获取测量点来测定试验样品的内径。因此,定义测量平面时应保证测量点的获取不会受到试验样品任何设计特征(如孔或缺口)的干扰。测量点可直接从试验样品上获取,不可从加载装置上获取。
4 试验原理
在试验样品直径两端,施加相对方向的两点载荷。测定短期形变时,在规定的测量平面内,测量试验样品加载前、加载时和卸载后在加载方向上的直径。此后,绕产品本身旋转2次,每次旋转120°,重复以上形变测定步骤,以考虑非对称设计(如翼凸、孔等)的影响。
组配式金属髋臼部件可能会发生形变并影响髋臼内衬的装配。而金属髋臼杯与髋臼内衬的组配件也可能发生形变并影响摩擦性能。所以应分为两步测试此类部件:第一步,仅测试金属杯。第二步,测试已装配好髋臼内衬的金属杯。
整体式髋臼杯部件的压配固定可能导致关节面的形变,进而影响摩擦性能。此类部件应一步完成测试。
5 仪器设备
5.1 加载装置
加载装置应该具备以下功能:
a) 当试样加载时,不会出现可见的和不可逆的变形;
b) 应能沿规定的机械轴线对试样进行重复加载和卸载,并应能分别测量载荷和位移;
c) 应能对最大直径100 mm、高度50 mm的髋臼杯加载。
图2 对髋臼杯或髋臼杯系统施加两点载荷的加载装置示例
图2所示为一种加载装置,该装置在参考文献[1]和参考文献[12]中均有描述。如图3所示,加载装置有两个固定在两条平行导轨两端的横梁和两个通用的可沿导轨滑动的横梁。载荷通过载荷调节螺栓施加到一个可移动横梁,并通过螺旋弹簧传导至第二个可移动横梁。
注:螺旋弹簧降低了装置的刚度,使得加载时能获得较大的载荷容差以克服加载过程中微小位移对实验加载的影响,因为潜在的载荷偏筹取决于位移与系统刚度系数的乘积。
说明:
1——导轨; 7——载荷调节螺栓;
2,3——固定横梁; 8——载荷传感器;
4,5——可移动横梁; 9——夹持/加载平面。
6——螺旋弹簧;
图3 加载装置原理图
加载过程中,夹持样品的夹爪应具有平整的夹持平面(平整度参见GB/T 1184),避免样品在加载或测量过程中因倾斜或滑动产生侧向力。
某些髋臼部件的设计包括了一些具有特定目的设计元素,如复杂的翻修手术或病人的特殊需求,具体例如边缘锚定,符合解剖形态的边缘等。如果测试此类髋臼部件,应设计和使用合适的夹爪用于固定和加载试样。
夹持面的宽度应不低于测试样品前参照面外径的20%,这样在试验前可将试样接触点通过手动调整至夹持面的中心,而无需附加对中装置或工具。如果使用其他对中装置或工具,应确保两点载荷和试样的变形不会受到限制。
载荷传感器应能测量轴向压力且不确定度为1%。
5.2 试样选择
应随机选取被确定为最差情况型号的髋臼部件作为试样,其应能代表产品的生产制造,并与最终产品具有相同的几何结构,使用相同的材料规范和加工工艺。
注:对于组合式的髋臼部件,对于第一步试验(金属杯的变形)和第二步试验(髋臼部件关节面的变形)最差情况型号可能会不一样。
如果组合式髋臼部件使用了不同关节面材料,则应评估所有内衬的关节面材料和尺寸以确定其最差情况。同时也应考虑设计特征,例如不对称排列的螺钉孔。
6 试验步骤
a) 加载之前,用一种可行的测量装置在各个预期的加载方向测量试样内径D0[mm]。应测量位于测量平面上臼窝的内径,测量不确定度应小于5 μm。
此外,在同一个测量平面内可在其他位置测量直径,比如,在垂直于加载方向进行测量,以获取试样整体变形行为的补充数据。
b) 将试样置于试验装置上,平稳地旋转载荷调节螺栓以施加并保持(1.00±0.01)kN的轴向载荷。要避免不稳定的加载。试样与试验装置加载面的接触点应位于加载平面内。
c) 在a)中所述的同一测量平面内,用同一测量装置在加载方向测量试样的直径D1(mm)。髋臼杯的变形等于D0—D1。
d) 卸载。
e) 按c)中所述的测量方向,使用同一测量装置再次测量直径D0’[mm]。如果测得与a)中所得的初始直径的残差,D0’—D0,大于测量设备的不确定度,且测得大于c)中得到的变形的2%[(D0’—D0)/(D0—D0)>0.02],说明发生了塑性变形。在这种情况下,应停止测试该试样,使用下一个试样从a)开始进行试验。
f) 以部件极轴作为旋转中心,相对之前的位置把杯旋转120°,重复b)~e)步骤。仍以部件极轴作为旋转中心,相对之前的位置把杯再次旋转120°,重复b)~e)步骤。然后测试下一试样。
试验条件:组装和测量应在一致的实验室条件下进行。
试验样本数量至少为3件。对于不对称的样品,应确定参照方位。试验开始前相对该方位绕极轴的旋转角在不同试样问应变化。
除了仅在加载方向测量样品直径,也可以通过在适当的测量平面内评估试样直径和网度的差异来测定其变形。
某些罕见的髋臼部件设计为压配式整杯,它们由塑料制成,尽管其临床效果颇佳,但仍不能承受本标准规定的不产生不可逆损坏的载荷条件。在这种情况下,可以适当降低载荷。该类新设计髋臼杯系统与已有临床产品的对比也应使用小载荷的测试结果。
7 报告
试验报告应包含以下信息:
a) 引用YY/T 0809本部分的内容;
b) 髋臼杯所有部件的特征及描述,应与委托检测试样的一方所陈述的一致,以及制造商名称和所列参考文献;
c) 每种最差情况的设计、尺寸、材料组合(如适用)的髋臼部件(如杯、内衬)的尺寸及公差;
d) 与髋臼部件设计规范的偏离;
e) 试验装置的材料和刚度,如螺旋弹簧的材料和刚度;
f) 针对非对称杯边缘设计,如图1b)~图1d)所示,描述在装置中加载时臼杯的方位,以给出臼杯和加载平面的接触信息,如拍摄照片;
g) 针对非对称杯边缘设计,如图1b)~图1d)所示,描述如何定义极轴;
h) 针对非对称杯边缘设计,如图1b)~图1d)所示,描述如何针对试样设计定义前参照平面;
i) 从测量平面到前参照平面的距离,以及测量平面相对于前参照平面(远端/近端)如何定位;
j) 加载时,对应于每一个最差情况的结构(如杯、杯/内衬组合)、设计、尺寸和材料组合所测试的范围和平均变形(标准偏差)(直径,其他测量结果);
k) 卸载后,对应于每一个最差情况的结构(如杯、杯/内衬组合)、设计、尺寸和材料组合所测试的范围和平均塑性变形(标准偏差)(直径,其他测量结果);
l) 测量装置的规范(直径测量);
m) 任何因测试方法造成的偏差。
参考文献
[1] GB/T 1184 形状和位置公差 未注公差值(GB/T 1184—1996,ISO 2768-2:1989,EQV)
[2] PostakP.D.,RoscaM.,GreenwaldA.S.Do thin acetabular shells increase the disassociation risk of ceramic liners? J.Bone Joint Surg.Am.2009,91 pp.129-133
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