GB/T 24610 consists of the following four parts under the general title of Rolling bearings—Measuring methods for vibration:
——Part 1: Fundamentals;
——Part 2: Radial ball bearings with cylindrical bore and cylindrical outer surface;
——Part 3: Radial spherical and tapered roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface;
——Part 4: Radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface.
This is part 4 of GB/T 24610.
This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 24610.4-2009 Rolling bearings—Measuring methods for vibration—Part 4: Radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface and has the following changes with regards to GB/T 24610.4-2009:
——The lower cut-off frequency of the low band with the rotation frequency of 900min-1 is modified (see Table 2; Table 2 of the Edition 2009);
——The table titled examples of frequency ranges for non-default rotational frequencies is added (see Table 3);
——Keys for the figures are modified (see Figure 2; Figure 2 of the Edition 2009);
——”Requirements for the operators” is deleted (see 6.3.6 of Edition 2009);
——Keys for some figures are added (see Figures A.1 and B.1).
This part, by means of translation, is identical to ISO 15242-4: 2017 Rolling bearings—Measuring methods for vibration—Part 4: Radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface.
The Chinese document consistent and corresponding with the normative international document in this part is as follows:
——GB/T 1800.2-2009 Geometrical product specifications (GPS)—Limits and fits—Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts (ISO 286-2: 1988, MOD)
——GB/T 2298-2010 Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring—Vocabulary (ISO 2041: 2009, IDT)
——GB/T 4199-2003 Rolling Bearing—Tolerances—Definitions (ISO 1132-1: 2000, MOD)
——GB/T 6930-2002 Rolling bearings—Vocabulary (ISO 5593: 1997, IDT)
——GB/T24610.1-2019 Rolling bearings—Measuring methods for vibration—Part 1: Fundamentals (ISO 15242-1: 2015, IDT)
This part was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Rolling Bearing of Standardization Administration of China (SAT/TC 98).
The previous edition of this part is as follows:
——GB/T 24610.4-2009.
Introduction
Vibration in rotating rolling bearings can be of importance as an operating characteristic of such bearings. The vibration can affect the performance of the mechanical system incorporating the bearing and can result in audible noise when the vibration is transmitted to the environment in which the mechanical system operates, can lead to damages, and can even create health problems.
Vibration of rotating rolling bearings is a complex physical phenomenon dependent on the conditions of operation. Measuring the vibration of an individual bearing under a certain set of conditions does not necessarily characterize the vibration under a different set of conditions or when the bearing becomes part of a larger assembly. Assessment of the audible sound generated by the mechanical system incorporating the bearing is further complicated by the influence of the interface conditions, the location and orientation of the sensing device, and the acoustical environment in which the system operates. Assessment of airborne noise that, for the purpose of GB/T 24610 (all parts), can be defined as any disagreeable and undesired sound, is further complicated by the subjective nature of the terms disagreeable and undesired. Structure-borne vibration can be considered the driving mechanism that ultimately results in the generation of airborne noise. Only selected methods for the measurement of the structure-borne vibration of rotating rolling bearings are addressed in the current edition of all parts of GB/T 24610.
Vibration of rotating rolling bearings can be assessed by a number of means using various types of transducers and measurement conditions. No simple set of values characterizing the vibration of a bearing is adequate for the evaluation of the vibratory performance in all possible applications. Ultimately, a knowledge of the type of bearing, its application and the purpose of the vibration measurement (e.g. as a manufacturing process diagnostic or an assessment of the product quality) is required to select the most suitable method for measuring. The field of application for standards on bearing vibration is, therefore, not universal. However, certain methods have established a wide enough level of application to be considered as standard methods.
This document serves to define the detailed method for assessing vibration of single-row and double row radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface on a measuring device.
Rolling bearings—
Measuring methods for vibration—
Part 4: Radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 24610 specifies vibration measuring methods for single-row and double-row radial cylindrical roller bearings under established measurement conditions.
This part is applicable to single-row and double-row radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 286-2 Geometrical product specifications(GPS)—ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes—Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts.
ISO 1132-1 Rolling bearings—Tolerances—Part 1: Terms and definitions
ISO 2041 Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring—Vocabulary
ISO 5593 Rolling bearings—Vocabulary
ISO 15242-1: 2015 Rolling bearings—Measuring methods for vibration—Part 1: Fundamentals
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1132-1, ISO 2041, ISO 5593 and ISO 15242-1 apply.
4 Measurement process
4.1 Rotational frequency
The default rotational frequency shall be 1800 min−1 (30s−1) for bearings with outside diameter up to 100 mm and 900 min−1 (15s−1) for outside diameters larger than 100 mm up to 200 mm. The tolerance shall be of the nominal rotational frequency.
Other rotational frequencies and tolerances may be used by agreement between the manufacturer and the customer; e.g. it may be necessary to use a higher rotational frequency for bearings in the smaller size range in order to obtain an adequate vibration signal. Conversely, it may be necessary to use a lower rotational frequency for bearings in the larger size range to avoid possible roller and raceway damage.
4.2 Bearing radial and axial loads
The bearing load shall be in the radial direction with default values as specified in Table 1.
Other radial loads and tolerances may be used by agreement between the manufacturer and the customer, e.g. depending on bearing design, rotational frequency and lubricant used. It may be necessary to use a higher load to prevent roller/raceway slip, or a lower load to avoid possible roller, rib and raceway damage.
For bearings capable of taking axial load, an axial load of up to 30 N shall be applied on the outer ring to ensure a stable operation. The method of applying radial load and axial load is specified in 6.3.3.
Note: Default values for radial loads are resultant values. Actual values depend on load angle used (see Figure 3).
Table 1 Default values for bearing radial load
Bearing outside diameter
D Single-row radial cylindrical roller bearing Double-row radial cylindrical roller bearings
Default values for bearing radial load
min. max. min. max.
mm N N
5 Measurement and evaluation methods
5.1 Physical quantity measured
The default physical quantity to be measured is root mean square vibration velocity, νrms(µm/s), in the radial direction.
5.2 Frequency domain
The vibration velocity shall be analyzed in one or more bands with default frequency ranges as specified in Table 2.
Other frequency ranges may be considered by agreement between the manufacturer and the customer in those instances where specific ranges have greater importance to successful operation of the bearing. Commonly used examples are listed in Table 3.
Changing the frequency of rotation shall always come along with a proportional change of the filter frequencies and acceptance limits and minimum measuring time. Examples are given in Table 3.
Narrow band spectral analysis of the vibration signal may be considered as a supplementary option.
Table 2 Default frequency ranges
Rotational frequency Low band (L) Medium band (M) High band (H)
Nominal min. max. Nominal band frequencies
flow fupp flow fupp flow fupp
min-1 Hz Hz Hz
Table 3 Examples of frequency ranges for non-default rotational frequencies
Rotational frequency Low band (L) Medium band (M) a High band (H) a
Nominal min. max. Nominal band frequencies
flow fupp flow fupp flow fupp
min-1 Hz Hz Hz
3600 3528 3636 100 600 600 3600 3600 20000
700a 686 707 20 120 120 700 700 4000
a In case of 700 min−1, cut-off frequencies are rounded (not according to exact relation of the rotational frequency).
5.3 Measurement of pulses and spike
Detection of pulses or spikes in the time domain velocity signal, usually due to surface defects and/or contamination in the measured bearing, may be considered as a supplementary option. Various evaluation methods exist.
5.4 Measurement
Single-row and double-row radial cylindrical roller bearings shall be measured with the radial load applied in a radial direction on the stationary ring and perpendicular to the inner ring axis. An axial load may be necessary to ensure stable operation. If the axial load is used, it is applied from one side of the stationary ring. For double-row radial cylindrical roller bearings, the measurement shall be repeated, if the design allows, with the axial load on the other side of the stationary ring.
In case of two inner or outer rings, they need to be clamped together to ensure repeatability
For diagnostic purposes, performing multiple measurements with the stationary ring in different angular positions relative to the transducer is appropriate.
For acceptance of the bearing, the highest vibration reading for the appropriate frequency band shall be within the limits mutually agreed between the manufacturer and the customer.
Measurement duration shall be in accordance with ISO 15242-1:2015, 6.5.
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Measurement process
4.1 Rotational frequency
4.2 Bearing radial and axial loads
5 Measurement and evaluation methods
5.1 Physical quantity measured
5.2 Frequency domain
5.3 Measurement of pulses and spike
5.4 Measurement
6 Conditions for measurement
6.1 Bearing conditions for measurement
6.2 Conditions of the measurement environment
6.3 Conditions for the measurement device
Annex A (Normative) Measurement of external radial loading alignment
Annex B (Normative) Measurement of external axial loading alignment
