1 Scope
This Part of GB 18209 specifies requirements for the marking of machinery.
This Part gives general rules on marking for identification of machinery, for safe use related to mechanical and electrical hazards, and for the avoidance of hazards arising from incorrect connections.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 4208-1993 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) (eqv IEC 60529:1989)
GB 5226.1-2008 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements (IDT IEC 60204-1:2005)
GB/T 15706.1-2007 Safety of machinery- Basic concepts general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology methodology (ISO 12100-1-2003, IDT)
GB/T 15706.2-2007 Safety of machinery-Basic concepts general principles for design-Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2-2003, IDT)
ISO 31-0:1992 Quantities and units - Part 0: General principles
ISO 1000:1992 SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units
ISO 7000:2004 Graphical symbols for use on equipment - Index and synopsis
ISO 7010:2003 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Safety signs used in workplaces and public areas
IEC 60027-1:1992 Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology - Part 1: General
IEC 60027-2:2005 Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology - part 2: Telecommunications and electronics
IEC 60027-3:2002 Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology - Part 3: Logarithmic and related quantities, and their units
IEC 60027-4:1985 Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology Part 4: Symbols for quantities to be used for rotating electrical machines
IEC 60079-0:2004 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres-Part 0 General requirements
IEC 60417 Graphical symbols for use on equipment
IEC 61310-1 Safety of machinery - Indication, marking and actuation - Part 1: Requirements for visual, acoustic and tactile signals
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions, in addition to those of IEC61310-1, apply.
3.1 Rated value
Value of a quantity used for specification purposes, established for a specified set of operating conditions of a component, device, equipment, or system.
[IEV 151-16-08]
3.2 Rating
Set of rated values and operating conditions of a component, device, equipment or machine.
[IEV 151-16-11, modified]
3.3 Marking
Application of lablelling on a product or on a package primarily for the purpose of identifying the product, and certain features of the product, for its safe use.
4 Marking for Identification and for Safe Use
4.1 General
In accordance with GB 15706.2, machinery shall bear all markings which are necessary:
— for its unambiguous identification;
— for its safe use.
And supplementary information shall be given, as appropriate:
— permanently on the machinery;
— in accompanying documents such as instruction handbooks;
— on the packaging.
4.2 Marking of complete machinery
The following information shall be provided:
— identification of the product including name and address of the supplier, designation of series of type, serial number, and year of construction.
— designation of rated values;
— indication of compliance with mandatory requirements if any.
4.3 Marking for safe use
4.3.1 General
Where essential for safe use, the relevant rated values and characteristics listed in 4.3.2, 4.3.3 and 4.3.4 shall be given.
4.3.2 Markings related to mechanical hazards
These may include, but not be limited to:
a) power input/output;
b) maximum speed of rotating parts;
c) mass (of removable parts, etc.);
d) maximum diameter of tools to be fitted;
e) direction of movement;
f) maximum load;
g) cooling/heating conditions;
h) permissible environmental conditions, for example, pressure, shock, vibration, temperature;
i) mechanical stability;
j) mode of operation;
k) guard adjustment data;
l) necessity of wearing personal protective equipment;
m) frequency of inspection and maintenance;
n) rating of lifting equipment;
o) indication where to attach lifting devices, if appropriate.
4.3.3 Markings related to fluid power hazards
In addition to the markings listed in 4.3.2, these may include, but not be limited to:
a) design operating pressure;
b) maximum safe operating pressure;
c) test pressure;
d) flow rate;
e) safe operating temperature.
Valve actuators and their functions shall be plainly and permanently identified with the same identification used on the circuit diagram.
4.3.4 Markings related to electrical hazards
In addition to the markings listed in 4.3.2, these may include, but not be limited to:
a) rated voltage, current, frequency;
b) number of phases;
c) symbol for classification for protection against electric shock, in accordance with IEC 60417;
d) warning of hazards arising from dangerous voltages, in accordance with IEC 60417;
e) designation of IP code, in accordance with GB 4208;
f) warning of presence of residual voltages, in accordance with GB 5226.1;
g) symbol indicating the type of protection for use in explosive atmospheres, in accordance with IEC 60079-0.
5 Application of Markings
5.1 General
Machinery and parts of machinery, the fitting or refitting of which could be a source of risk, shall be marked by means such as rating plates, name-plates, labels, stamps, engravings and colours. Such marking shall be considered an integral part of the delivery of the machinery. Any marking on the equipment shall be consistent with that in the accompanying documentation to avoid confusion.
Markings, signs and textual information shall be readily understandable and unambiguous, especially in regard to which part or function of the machine they relate.
Signs such as graphical symbols and safety signs shall be used in preference to textual information. Graphical symbols shall conform, where possible, to those standardized in IEC 60417 and ISO 7000. Safety signs shall conform to ISO 7010 (see Annex A).
Textual information shall be in the language of the country in which the machine is to be used and may be, at the user's request, in the language understood by the operators and exposed persons.
Where a machine or piece of equipment, excluding consumable items, has insufficient space on it for lettering to be big enough to be legible or to be marked at all, the minimum information specified shall be provided on the packaging in which the item is distributed.
The markings shall be clearly visible when the machine is installed in the manner prescribed by the manufacturer, or, when this is not possible, additional markings or written warnings shall be placed near the machine in such a manner that they are visible to exposed persons.
Marking shall be permanent and remain legible throughout all phases of the "life" of the machine (See also Clause 7).
All equipment shall be packaged in a manner that preserves its identification during transportation.
Note 1: GB/T 5091.1 establishes general principles for the structuring of information on installations. Based on these principles, guidance is given for the formulation and application of unambiguous discrete object reference designations for objects in any system.
The designation correlates information about an object among different kinds of documents and the products implementing the intention of the installation. For maintenance purposes, the object reference designation or part of it may be shown on or near the object in the installation.
Note 2: ISO/IEC Guide 37 gives information on the instructions for use of products for consumer interest.
5.2 Representation of rated values
The International System of Units (SI) as set out in ISO 31-0 shall be used. For further guidance on application, see IEC 60027-1, IEC 60027-2, IEC 60027-3, IEC 60027-4 and ISO 1000.
Machinery shall be marked with rated values for those characteristics which are relevant for its safe use, such as:
— input or output power in watts;
— operating pressure in pascals;
— supply voltage in volts;
— maximum speed in revolutions per minute or metres per minute.
Each rating value marking shall consist of the numerical value of the characteristic followed by the unit symbol.
Machinery suitable for use at two or more discrete rated values shall be marked with:
— values in a descending order separated by a solidus;
— symbol for the unit.
Examples: 3000 r/min/1500r/min/750r/min
10 MPa/5MPa/2 Mp2
Machinery suitable for use within a range of rated values shall be marked with:
— the limit values in ascending order separated by “~”;
— symbol for the unit.
Examples: (1 000 r/min ~ 1 500) r/min
-20 ℃ ~+20 ℃
100 Hz~400 Hz
200 Pa~500 Pa
Note: The marking of the supply entrance of any machines should conform to the applicable requirements and representations as in GB 17285.
