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This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 10180-2003 Industrial Boiler Thermal Performance Test Procedures. In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 10180-2003:
——modify Scope (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2003);
——add and modify Terms and Definitions (see Clause 3; Clause 3 of Edition 2003);
——add and modify Symbols and Units (see Clause 4; Clause 4 of Edition 2003);
——modify the method for determining the reference temperature of the boiler in the type test and acceptance test (see Subclause 5.7; Subclause 7.10 of Edition 2003);
——modifiy the measurement accuracy of some instruments and equipments (see Table 6; Subclause 9.4~9.8 of Edition 2003);
——modity the Equation for calculating the thermal efficiency of the superheated steam boiler [see Equation (5), (6), (7); Equation (5), (6) in Edition 2003];
——modify the error provisions for the calculation of the thermal efficiency of boilers (see Subclause 10.1.2; Subclause 9.3 of Edition 2003);
——modify the sampling and preparation of coal and pulverized coal (see Annex C; Annex A of Edition 2003);
——modify the use of the Austenitic Analyzer (see Annex E; Annex C of Edition 2003);
——modify the measurement and calculation of heat loss (see Annex F; Annex D of the Edition 2003);
——add boiler thermal balance system boundary figures and related requirements for performing thermal performance tests (see Subclause 5.1);
——add the validity requirements of test data records (see Subclause 5.8);
——add thermal efficiency calculation method for multi-function boilers (see Subclause 10.2);
——add calculation method for thermal efficiency of boiler with addition of desulfurizer (see Annex I);
——add calculation method for the thermal efficiency of boiler with occurrence of flue gas condensation and heat recovery within the boundary of the boiler thermal balance system (see Annex A);
——add boiler operation test method (see Annex B);
——add the division principle of the grid area and the determination of representative points (see Annex D);
——add calculation of thermal efficiency for a circulating fluidized bed boiler with addition of desulfurizer (see Annex I);
——delete the indefinable content of light furnace walls, heavy light furnace walls, etc. (see Sublcause 7.1.1 of Edition 2003).
This standard was proposed and is under the jurisdiction of the National Standardization Technical Committee for Boiler and Pressure Vessels (SAC/TC 262).
The previous versions of the standard replaced by this standard are:
—— GB/T 10180-1988, GB/T 10180-2003.
Thermal performance test code for industrial boilers
1 Scope
This standard specifies terms and definitions, symbols and units, general rules, test preparations, test requirements, measurement items and test instruments, test methods, calculation of thermal efficiency of boilers, and test reports in the thermal performance tests of industrial boilers.
This standard applies to the thermal performance tests of solidfuel boilers, liquidfuel boilers, gasfuel boilers and electric heating boilers whose rated pressure is less than 3.8 MPa and whose medium is water or liquid organic heat carrier.
Oil-fired steam boilers, waste heat utilization devices or equipment (except flue type waste heat boilers), boilers with a steam pressure of not less than 3.8 MPa and a steam temperature of less than 450°C can be used as reference.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this document. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 211 Determination of total moisture in coal
GB/T 212 Proximate analysis of coal
GB/T 213 Determination of calorific value of coal
GB/T 214 Determination of total sulfur in coal
GB/T 260 Determination of moisture content in petroleum products
GB/T 384 Determination of calorific value of petroleum products
GB/T 474 Method for preparation of coal sample
GB/T 476 Determination of carbon and hydrogen in coal
GB/T 508 Petroleum product; Determination of ash
GB/T 1884 Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products--Laboratory determination of density--Hydrometer method
GB/T 2900.48 Electrotechnical terminology of boilers
GB/T 3286 Methods for chemical analysis of limestone and dolomite (all parts)
GB/T 6284 Chemical products for industrial use - General method for determination of moisture content - The loss of mass on drying method
GB/T 8174 Method of measuring and evaluation thermal insulation effects for equipments and pipes
GB/T 10184 Performance test code for utility boiler
GB/T 10410 Analysis of manufactured gas and liquefied petroleum gas normal composition by gas chromatography
GB 13271 Emission standard of air pollutants for boiler
GB/T 13610 Analysis of natural gas composipion—Gas chromatography
GB/T 19227 Determination of nitrogen in coal
GB 23971 Heat transfer fluids
GB/T 24747 Safety technology conditions for heat transfer fluids
GB/T 25214 Determination of total sulfur in coal by IR spectrometry
GB/T 28730 Method for preparation of solid biofuels sample
GB/T 28731 Proximate analysis of solid biofuels
GB/T 28732 Determination of total sulfur in solid biofuels
GB/T 28733 Determination of total moisture for solid biofuels
GB/T 28734 Determination of carbon and hydrogen in solid biofuels
GB/T 30725 Determination of ash composition in solid biofuels
GB/T 30726 Determination of ash fusibility of solid biofuels
GB/T 30727 Determination of calorific value for solid biofuels
GB/T 30728 Determination of nitrogen in solid biofuels
GB/T 30732 Proximate analysis of coal—Instrumental method
GB/T 30733 Determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content in coal—Instrumental method
CJ/T 313 Sampling and analysis methods for domestic waste
DL/T 567.8 Test methods for clorific value of liquid fuel in thermal plant
DL/T 567.9 Liquid fuel element analysis on test method in thermal plant
NB/T 47034 Technical conditions for industrial boiler
NY/T 1879 Densified biofuel—Methods for sampling
NY/T 1880 Densified biofuel—Methods for sample preparation
NY/T 1881.1 Densified biofuel--Test methods--Part 1: General principle
NY/T 1881.2 Densified biofuel－Test methods－Part 2:Total moisture
NY/T 1881.3 Densified biofuel—Test methods—Part 3:Moisture in general analysis sample
NY/T 1881.4 Densified biofuel—Test methods—Part 4:Content of volatile matter
NY/T 1881.5 Densified biofuel—Test methods—Part 4:Content of ash
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the definitions of GB/T 2900.48 and the following terms and definitions apply
3.1
solidfuel solidfuel
solid fuels, including coal, oil shale, biomass fuels, and combustible solid waste
3.2
liquidfuel
liquidfuels, including petroleum, fuel oils, and industrial waste fluids (such as alkali liquor, magnesium, etc.)
3.3
gasfuel
gasfuels, including natural gas, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, city gas, and liquefied gas
3.4
net calorific value
the amount of heat released from the complete combustion of a unit volume of gasfuel or unit mass of solid or liquidfuel under certain conditions, minus the latent heat of vaporization of water vapour in the flue gas
3.5
heat output
the difference between the amount of heat that is provided outside by the boiler via steam, water, or other mediun and the water or other mediun that enters the boiler
3.6
net boiler efficiency
the boiler efficiency with boiler effectively utilizing heat deducted by the heat converted from self-use steam and auxiliary equipment consumption power
3.7
direct procedure
the method of directly measuring the input heat and heat outputto determine the thermal efficiency of the boiler, also called a direct measurement method or an input-output method
3.8
indirect procedure
the method determining the thermal efficiency of a boiler by measuring the heat loss of various combustion products and the loss of heat from the boiler, also called an indirect measurement method, heat loss method or energy balance method.
3.9
multi medium boiler
two or more types of heated media (such as water and steam, heat carrier and hot water, heat carrier, water and air, etc.) are in the boundary of the boiler heat balance system, and output to the boilers of the respective heat equipment
3.10
desulfurizer
used to capture and absorb sulfur dioxide in flue gas additives.
Note: it refers to limestone (its main component is CaCO3, with a small amount of MgCO3, impurities and water) in this standard
3.11
calcination reaction
an endothermic chemical reaction with the desulfurizer decomposed into of CaO, MgO, and CO2
3.12
sulfation reaction
An exothermic chemical reaction with CaO, MgO with O2, SO2 producing CaSO4, MgSO4
3.13
desulfurization efficiency
percentage of sulfur that has entered the furnace with the fuel, but is not emitted as sulphur dioxide, in the total sulfur content of the fuel injected into the furnace.
4 Symbols and units
For the purpose of this document, the symbols and units listed in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 Symbols and Units
No. Symbol Item Unit Remark
1 ∑A Total heated area m2
2 AAH Heated surface of air preheater m2
3 Aar Ash (as-received basis) % Applicable to solidfuel, liquidfuel
4 ACaSO4 The mass of calcium sulfate produced after desulfurization corresponding to each kilogram of fuel injected into the furnace, kg/kg
5 ACaO Corresponding to every kilogram of fuel injected, mass of calcium oxide without occurrence of desulfurization agent after calcination reaction sulfation kg/kg
6 Acon Heated surface of convection tube bundle m2
7 AECO Heated surface of economizer m2
8 Af,b Heated surface of furnace radiant (or heated surface of suspension segment) m2
9 Ajs Mass of ash corresponding to per kilogram fuel after addition of desulfurizer kg/kg
10 ASH Heated surface of superheater m2
11 Azz The mass of desulfurizer ash corresponding to every kilogram of fuel injected into the furnace, kg/kg
12 Awfj Mass of undecomposed calcium carbonate in desulfurizer kg/kg
13 B Fuel consumption (mass or volume flow of fuel into the furnace) kg/h or m3/h
14 Bshs Mass flow of desulfurizer kg/h
15 Car Carbon (as-received basis) % Applicable to solidfuel, solidfuel
16 Cas Content of combustibles in fly ash %
17 Cca Content of combustilbes in staying ash %
18 Ccl Content of combustible in leaked coal %
19 Coa Content of combustible in overflow ash %
20 Cpd Content of combustibe in flue dust (saltation ash) %
21 Cs Content of combustibles in slag %
22 Crec Content of combustibles in cycled ash %
23 CH4 Methane (as-received basis) % Applicable to gasfuel
24 C2H6 Ethane (as-received basis) %
25 C3H8
Propane (as-received basis) %
26 C4H10 Butadiene (as-received basis) %
27 C5H12 As-received pentane %
28 CO Carbon monoxide (as-received basis) % Applicable to gasfuel
29 CO' CO at smoke outlet %
30 CO2 Carbon dioxide (as-received basis) % Applicable to gasfuel
31 ∑CmHn
Unsaturated basic hydrocarbon (as-received basis) % Applicable to gasfuel
32 CaCO3,ar Mass fraction of calcium carbonate in desulfurizer %
33 CmH'n CmHn at smoke outlet %
34 Mass fraction of carbon actually burned in fuel (as-received basis) %
35 The ratio of the average carbon content in the ash and the calculated ash content in the fuel %
36 Cas Specific heat of fly ash kJ/(kg•°C)
37 Cca Specific heat of cold ash (bottom slag) kJ/(kg•°C)
38 Ccl Specific heat of leaked coal kJ/(kg•°C)
39 Cd,fg Average isobaric specific heats of smoke at the smoke outlet kJ/(m3•°C)
40 Cen
Specific heat at the temperatue of hot air inlet kJ/(m3•°C)
41
Average isobaric specific heats of water vapor at smoke outlet kJ/(m3•°C)
42 C1v Average specific heat at temperature of hot air outlet kJ/(m3•°C)
43 Coa Specific heat of overflow ash kJ/(kg•°C)
44 Cpd Specific heat of flue dust (settling ash) kJ/(kg•°C)
45 Crec Specific heat of cycled ash kJ/(kg•°C)
46 Cs Specific heat of slag kJ/(kg•°C)
47 (ct)as
Heat content of fly ash kJ/kg
48 (ct)ca
Heat content of cold ash (bottom slag) kJ/kg
49 (ct)cl
Heat content of leaking coal kJ/kg
50 (ct) oa
Heat content of overflow ash kJ/kg
51 (ct) pd
Heat content of flue ash (setting ash) kJ/kg
52 (ct) rec
Heat content of cycled ash
kJ/kg
53 (ct) s Heat content of slag kJ/kg
54 Chloride content of saturated steam condensate water mg/kg
55 Chloride content of boiler water mg/kg
56 Dato
Consumption rate for atomizing steam kg/kg
57 Dc,fw
Feedwater flow of residue heat utilization device (condenser) kg/h
58 Dcon Converted vapor amount of boiler kg/h
59 Dfw
Feedwater flow kg/h
60 Disc
Coolant flow rate with slag cooler classified in the boundary of thermal balance system of boiler kg/h
61 Dno
Nominal evaporation of tested boiler in test conditions kg/h
62 Dout
Output steam (i.e. measured evaporation of boiler) kg/h
63 Dp,st
Atomizing steam consumption kg/h
64 Dpu
Amount of self-used steam kg/h
65 Dr Rated evaporation of boiler kg/h
66 Ds Superheated steam flow kg/h
67 d
Inner diameter of steam extractor mm
68 ds
Bore diameter of steam sample pipe mm
69 Eb
Electricity consumption equivalent to per ton of steamper per hour kW
70 F
Total surface area of boiler for heat dissipation. Total heat dissipation surface area includes such components as boiler body, residue heat recovery device, flues and water tanks within the balance system boundary m2
71 F1, F2, ..., Fn
are the heat dissipation area of each zone respectively m2
72 Ffl
Sum of surface area of boiler separation and return system, etc. m2
73 Fsep The sum of the surface area of the boiler separation and return system, including the surface area of the separator, riser and return valve m2
74 FZ
Total surface area of boiler heat dissipation m2
75 fxz Area correction coefficient
76 G Hot water (organic heat carrier) boiler medium recirculation kg/h
77 Gca Mass of cold ash (bottom slag) kg/h
78 Gel Mass of leaked coal kg/h
79 GHum
Boiler water sampling where steam humidity is determined kg/h
80 Goa Mass of overflow ash kg/h
81 Gpd Mass of flue ash (saltation ash) kg/h
82 Grec Mass of cycled ash exhaust kg/h
83 Gs Steam samping amount at determination of salt content in superheated steam kg/h
84 Mass of wet slag kg/h
85 Gsl Mass of slag kg/h
86 Gsnt,st Conductivity value of saturated steam condensate μs/cm
87 Gto,ash Total ash discharge mass of boiler kg/h
88 Gw Conductivity value of boiler water μs/cm
89 H Height of natural ventilation chimney m
90 Har Hydrogen (as-received basis) % Applicable to solidfuel, solidfuel
91 Hfw Head of water feed pump (circulation pump, heat carrier pump) head m
92 H′2 H2 at smoke outlet %
93 H2S Hydrogen sulfide (as-received basis) % Applicable to gasfuel
94 H2S′ H2S at smoke outlet %
95 hca Heat content of cold air into the furnace kJ/kg
96 hc,iw Heat content of inflow water in residue heat utilization device (condenser) kJ/kg
97 hc,ow Heat content of outflow water in residue heat utilization device (condenser) kJ/kg
98 hds Heat content of smoke at smoke outlet kJ/kg or kJ/m3
99 hfw Heat content in water supply kJ/kg
100 h*fw Heat content of water supply under design parameters kJ/kg
101 hfw, h Heat content of medium at hot water (organic heat carrier) boiler inlet kJ/kg
102 h″isc Heat content of cooling medium outlet with cool slag classifiedin the boundary of the boiler thermal balance system kJ/kg
103 h′isc Heat content of cooling medium inlet with cool slag classifiedin the boundary of the boiler thermal balance system kJ/kg
104 how Heat content of medium at the hot water (organic heat carrier) boiler outlet kJ/kg
105 hpu Heat content of steam for self-use kJ/kg
106 hst,sh,lv Heat content of superheated steam kJ/kg
107 h*st,sh,lv Heat content of superheated steam under design parameters kJ/kg
108 hsat,st Heat content of saturated steam kJ/kg
109 h*sat,st Heat content of saturated steam under design parameters kJ/kg
110 i The sequence number of representative points from the center of the circular section
111 Kq4 Correction factor %
112 ∑Ki Sum of volumetric ingredients % Applicable to gasfuel
113 Mar Moisture (as-received basis) % Applicable to solidfuel, liquidfuel
114 Mar,fo Moisture content of fuel oil %
115 Ms Moisture content after slag pouring %
116 Mtshs Moisture content of limestone %
117 Mw Moisture content of gasfuel g/m3 Applicable to gasfuel
118 mogyew Mol number of dry flue gas after fuel combustion [including CO2 generated from carbon combustion, actually generated SO2 (excluding sulfur absorbed by desulfurization, N2 in fuel, and dry flue gas CO2 generated from desulfurizer)] mol/kg
119 motlgy Mol number of flue gas from desulfurizer mol/kg
120 mollk Theoretical dry air volume after correction after addition of desulfurizer mol/kg
121 mozz,as The mass fraction of base impurities (including magnesium carbonate) received in the desulfurizer %
122 N Hourly electricity consumption of electric heating boiler kW
123 Nar Nitrogen (as-received basis) % Applicable to solidfuel, liquidfuel
124 Nb Power of burner motor kW
125 Nba Power of blower motor kW
126 Ncg Power of coal mill motor kW
127 Ncs Power of coal feeder motor kW
128 Ncom Fuel consumption per hour for burning equipment
(Including fuel gas burner motor, fuel heater, etc.) kW
129 Nfr Power of crusher motor kW
130 Nfw Power of water feed pump motor kW
131 Ng Power of grate driving motor kW
132 Nh Power of fuel heater kW
133 Nin,a Power of draft fan motor kW
134 Nm Power of coal mill motor kW
135 Noth Power of other motors kW
136 Nsc Power of screening machine kW
137 ∑N Total electricity usage per hour kW
138 N2 Nitrogen gas (as-received basis) % Applicable to gasfuel
139 Na+sut,st Sodium ion content in saturated steam condensation water mg/kg
140 Na+w Sodium ion content in boiler water mg/kg
141 nh Number of equal area circular rings required for circular section pc
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and units
5 General
6 Test preparation
7 Test requirement
8 Measurement items and test instruments
9 Test methods
10 Calculation for heat efficiency of boiler
11 Test report
Annex A (Informative) Calculation for the heat efficiency of the boiler experiencing condensation of flue gas and the recovery of heat in the boundary of the boiler heat balance system
Annex B (Normative) Boiler operation test
Annex C (Normative) Coal and pulverized coal sampling and preparation
Annex D (Normative) Equal area division principle by grid method and determination of representative points
Annex E (Normative) Use of Orsat analyzer
Annex F (Normative) Measurement and calculation of heat dissipation loss
Annex G (Normative) Determination method for humidity of saturated steam and salt content of superheated steam
Annex H (Informative) Main information of thermal performance test report for industrial boilers
Annex I (Normative) Calculation for heat efficiency of circulating fluidized bed boiler after adding desulfurizer
Annex J (Informative) Average specific heat capacity of flue gas, ash and air at constant pressure, relevant quantity value of common gas, common legal units of measurement and conversion
