标准编号:	GB/T 16508.1-2022
中文名称:	锅壳锅炉 第1部分：总则
英文名称:	Shell boilers—Part 1: General requirements
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2022-03-09
实施日期:	2022-10-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB/T 16508.1-2013 锅壳锅炉 第1部分：总则
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	19000 字
翻译价格(元):	1100.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Shell boilers — Part 1: General requirements 1 Scope 1.1 This document specifies the general technical requirements for the range, rated parameters, design and calculation, fabrication and inspection, installation and operation, performance test, energy conservation and environmental protection of shell boilers. 1.2 This document is applicable to the fixed shell boilers within the following range: a) Steam boilers with a rated steam pressure of larger than or equal to 0.1 MPa; b) Hot water boilers with a rated outlet pressure of larger than or equal to 0.1 MPa and rated thermal power of larger than or equal to 0.1 MW. 1.3 Once-through boilers and heat recovery boilers containing shell boiler elements shall be subjected to this document. 1.4 This document is not applicable to the following equipment: a) Movable shell boilers; b) Cooling devices for the cooling requirements of equipment and process flow. 1.5 This document may be used as a reference to fixed shell boilers with rated pressure of less than 0.1 MPa. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 753 Steam condition series for utility boilers GB/T 1921 Parameters for industrial steam boilers GB/T 2900.48 Electrotechnical terminology of boilers GB 3095 Ambient air quality standard GB 3096 Environmental quality standards for noise GB/T 3166 Parameters for hot water boilers GB 4053 (all parts) Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform GB 8978 Integrated wastewater discharge standard GB/T 10180 Thermal performance test code for industrial boilers GB/T 10863 Thermal test method for gas pass heat recovery boiler GB 12348 Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary GB 13271 Emission standard of air pollutants for boiler GB/T 16507.3 Water-tube boilers — Part 3: Structure design GB/T 16507.4 Water-tube boilers — Part 4: Strength calculation of pressure parts GB/T 16508.2 Shell boilers — Part 2: Materials GB/T 16508.3 Shell boilers — Part 3: Design and strength calculation GB/T 16508.4 Shell boilers — Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and acceptance GB/T 16508.5 Shell boilers — Part 5: Safety appurtenances and instruments GB/T 16508.6 Shell boilers — Part 6: Combustion systems GB/T 16508.7 Shell boilers — Part 7: Installation GB/T 16508.8 Shell boilers — Part 8: Operation GB/T 22395 Specification for design of boiler steel structures GB 24500 Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades of industrial boilers GB/T 28056 General specification for gas pass heat recovery boiler JB/T 2192 Specification for square cast-iron economizer JB/T 2932 Specification for water treatment equipments JB/T 6735 Calculation method of strength of boiler hanger rod JB/T 7985 Specification for small type boilers and atmospheric hot water boilers JB/T 8501 Boiler soot blowers and thermoprobe JB/T 9618 Design criteria for interior devices of industrial boiler drum JB/T 10325 Specification for boiler deaerator JB/T 10393 Specification for electric boilers NB/T 47034 Specification for industrial boilers NB/T 47040 Man-hole or hand-hole of boiler set NB/T 47049 Technical specification for the manufacture of tubular air preheaters NB/T 47051 Specification for industrial boiler control devices NB/T 47062 Biomass molded fuel fired boilers NB/T 47066 Thermal performance test method for condensing boiler 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.48 and the following apply. 3.1.1 shell boiler boiler in which the evaporating heating surface is mainly set in the shell, the burning flame or flue gas is in the tube and the working substance flows outside the tube   3.1.2 boiler proper whole boiler composed of boiler shell steam-water separator, heating surface, header and its connecting tube, furnace, combustion equipment, air preheater, furnace wall, flue (air) duct, framework (including platform and escalator), etc. 3.1.3 pressure element element subjected to pressure of internal or external working substance Note: A pressure element is the basic unit to compose boiler pressure component. 3.1.4 pressure component relatively independent component composed of several pressure elements in a boiler system Note: Pressure components include boiler shell, furnace liner, reversal chamber, header, water wall, economizer, energy saver, condenser and superheater. 3.1.5 non-pressure element element not subjected to pressure of working substance Note: Non-pressure elements include load-bearing and non-load-bearing elements, and load-bearing non-pressure elements include tension braces, supports (hangers) and fasteners. 3.1.6 safety appurtenance appliance or device for protecting boiler from operating beyond design conditions 3.1.7 instrument device for displaying or measuring alone or together with other equipment 3.1.8 rated pressure pressure of working substance at the boiler outlet that shall be guaranteed during long-term continuous operation within the specified feed water pressure and load range, i.e. the rated working pressure or rated outlet pressure marked on the nameplate of the boiler 3.1.9 rated temperature temperature of working substance at the boiler outlet that shall be guaranteed during long-term continuous operation under the specified design conditions, i.e. the rated steam temperature or rated outlet water temperature marked on the nameplate of the boiler 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. Rm——the lower limit of standard tensile strength of material at room temperature, MPa; ReL(Rp0.2)——the standard yield strength of material at room temperature, MPa; ——the yield strength of material at design temperature, MPa; ——the endurance strength of material at design temperature (105h), MPa; ——the creep strength of material at design temperature (1×10-5%/h), MPa; θ——the quality coefficient of cast steel. 4 Responsibilities 4.1 User unit The user unit shall determine the technical requirements of the boiler according to various factors related to the service conditions, and provide the manufacturer with the following conditions for design and fabrication in written form: a) The construction standards determined in consultation with the manufacturer; b) The main parameters and fuel characteristics of the boiler shall be given according to the design requirements, and other requirements shall be proposed. 4.2 Manufacturer The manufacturer shall ensure that the boiler meets the reasonable requirements of the user. It shall be responsible for implementing the requirements of this document, and meets the following requirements: a) Design the boiler according to the requirements of the user according to the principles of safety, energy conservation and environmental protection, and ensure that the energy efficiency and emission of the boiler in normal service meet the requirements of laws and regulations and of the user unit; b) Establish and operate a quality system effectively, and be responsible for the quality of boiler products designed and fabricated; c) Guarantee the correctness and completeness of the design documents, and the traceability of changes to the design documents; d) Provide the corresponding technical data to the user unit according to the requirements of GB/T 16508.4, when the boiler leaves the factory. 4.3 Installation unit The responsibilities of the installation unit are as follows: a) Boilers shall be installed according to the technical requirements of installation instructions provided by manufacturer and relevant requirements of GB/T 16508.7. b) The installation unit shall be responsible for the quality of its installation and construction.

Foreword i Introduction iv 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 4 Responsibilities 5 Range and typical structural type of boiler 6 Rated parameters of boiler 7 Design and calculation 8 Fabrication and inspection 9 Installation and operation 10 Performance test 11 Energy conservation and environmental protection Appendix A (Informative) Typical structural types of boiler Bibliography

锅壳锅炉第1部分：总则 1 范围 1.1 本文件规定了锅壳锅炉范围、锅炉额定参数、设计与计算、制造与检验、安装与运行、性能试验、节能与环保等方面的通用技术要求。 1.2 本文件适用于以下范围的固定式锅壳锅炉： a) 额定蒸汽压力大于或等于0.1MPa的蒸汽锅炉； b) 额定出水压力大于或等于0.1MPa且额定热功率大于或等于0.1MW的热水锅炉。 1.3 包含锅壳锅炉元件的贯流式锅炉、余热锅炉等按本文件执行。 1.4 本文件不适用于以下设备： a) 移动式锅壳锅炉； b) 为满足设备和工艺流程冷却需要的冷却装置。 1.5 额定压力小于0.1MPa的固定式锅壳锅炉可参照本文件。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件。不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB／T 753 电站锅炉 蒸汽参数系列 GB／T 1921 工业蒸汽锅炉参数系列 GB／T 2900.48 电工名词术语 锅炉 GB 3095 环境空气质量标准 GB 3096 声环境质量标准 GB／T 3166 热水锅炉参数系列 GB 4053(所有部分) 固定式钢梯及平台安全要求 GB 8978 污水综合排放标准 GB／T 10180 工业锅炉热工性能试验规程 GB／T 10863 烟道式余热锅炉热工试验方法 GB 12348 工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准 GB 13271 锅炉大气污染物排放标准 GB／T 16507.3 水管锅炉 第3部分：结构设计 GB／T 16507.4 水管锅炉 第4部分：受压元件强度计算 GB／T 16508.2 锅壳锅炉 第2部分：材料 GB／T 16508.3 锅壳锅炉 第3部分：设计与强度计算 GB／T 16508.4 锅壳锅炉 第4部分：制造、检验与验收 GB／T 16508.5 锅壳锅炉 第5部分：安全附件和仪表 GB／T 16508.6 锅壳锅炉 第6部分：燃烧系统 GB／T 16508.7 锅壳锅炉 第7部分：安装 GB／T 16508.8 锅壳锅炉 第8部分：运行 GB／T 22395 锅炉钢结构设计规范 GB 24500 工业锅炉能效限定值及能效等级 GB／T 28056 烟道式余热锅炉通用技术条件 JB／T 2192 方型铸铁省煤器技术条件 JB／T 2932 水处理设备技术条件 JB／T 6735 锅炉吊杆强度计算方法 JB／T 7985 小型锅炉和常压热水锅炉技术条件 JB／T 8501 锅炉吹灰器和测温探针 JB／T 9618 工业锅炉锅筒内部装置设计导则 JB／T 10325 锅炉除氧器技术条件 JB／T 10393 电加热锅炉技术条件 NB／T 47034 工业锅炉技术条件 NB／T 47040 锅炉人孔和手孔装置 NB／T 47049 管式空气预热器制造技术条件 NB／T 47051 工业锅炉控制装置技术条件 NB／T 47062 生物质成型燃料锅炉 NB／T 47066 冷凝锅炉热工性能试验方法 3 术语、定义和符号 3.1 术语和定义 GB／T 2900.48界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1.1 锅壳锅炉 shell boiler 蒸发受热面主要布置在锅壳内，燃烧的火焰或烟气在管内而工质在管外流动的锅炉。 3.1.2 锅炉本体 boiler proper 由锅壳汽水分离器、受热面、集箱及其连接管道，炉膛、燃烧设备、空气预热器、炉墙、烟(风)道、构架(包括平台和扶梯)等所组成的整体。 3.1.3 受压元件 pressure element 承受内部或外部工质压力作用的元件。 注：受压元件是构成锅炉受压部件的基本单元。 3.1.4 受压部件 pressure component 在锅炉系统中由若干个受压元件组成的相对独立的部件。 注：受压部件包括锅壳、炉胆、回燃室、集箱、水冷壁、省煤器、节能器、冷凝器和过热器等。 3.1.5 非受压元件 non-pressure element 不承受工质压力作用的元件。 注：非受压元件包括承受载荷的和不承受载荷的元件，承受载荷的非受压元件包括拉撑件、支吊件和紧固件等。 3.1.6 安全附件 safety appurtenance 用于保护锅炉设备，防止锅炉超过设计条件运行的器件或装置。 3.1.7 仪表 instrument 单独地或连同其他设备一起用来进行显示或测量的装置。 3.1.8 额定压力 rated pressure 在规定的给水压力和负荷范围内长期连续运行时应予保证的锅炉出口的工质压力，即锅炉铭牌上标注的额定工作压力或额定出口压力。 3.1.9 额定温度 rated temperature 在规定的设计条件下长期连续运行应予保证的锅炉出口工质温度，即锅炉铭牌上标注的额定蒸汽温度或额定出水温度。 3.2 符号 下列符号适用于本文件。 Rm——材料标准室温抗拉强度下限值，单位为兆帕(MPa)； ReL(Rp0.2)——材料标准室温屈服强度，单位为兆帕(MPa)； ——材料设计温度下的屈服强度，单位为兆帕(MPa)； ——材料设计温度下的持久强度(105h)，单位为兆帕(MPa)； ——材料设计温度下的蠕变强度(1×10－5％／h)，单位为兆帕(MPa)； θ——铸钢质量系数。 4 责任 4.1 使用单位 使用单位应根据各种与使用状况有关的因素，确定锅炉的技术要求，以书面形式向制造单位提供设计、制造所需要的以下条件： a) 与制造单位协商确定的建造标准； b) 根据设计需要给定锅炉的主要参数、燃料特性等，提出所需的其他要求。 4.2 制造单位 制造单位应保证锅炉符合使用单位的合理要求，对执行本文件的要求负有责任，并符合以下要求： a) 根据安全、节能和环保的原则，按使用单位的需求进行设计，并确保锅炉在正常使用时的能效和排放符合法规和使用单位的要求； b) 应建立质量体系并有效运行，对所设计和制造的锅炉产品质量负责； c) 应保证设计文件的正确性和完整性，且设计文件的更改应有可追溯性； d) 锅炉出厂时，应按GB／T 16508.4的要求向使用单位提供相应的技术资料。 4.3 安装单位 安装单位的责任如下： a) 锅炉安装应符合锅炉制造单位提供的安装说明书的技术要求和GB／T 16508.7的相关规定； b) 安装单位应对其安装施工质量负责。 5 锅炉范围和锅炉典型结构型式 5.1 锅炉范围 5.1.1 概述 本文件所指的锅炉范围包括锅炉本体、范围内管道、安全附件和仪表、辅助设备(辅机)及系统等。锅炉本体见3.1.2的界定，锅炉范围内管道、安全附件和仪表辅助设备(辅机)及系统见5.1.2～5.1.4的界定。 5.1.2 锅炉范围内管道 5.1.2.1 蒸汽锅炉范围内管道包括给水、蒸汽管道。设置分汽缸的锅炉，从给水泵出口起，到分汽缸出口与外部管道连接界面以内的承压管道；不设置分汽缸的锅炉，从给水泵出口起，到锅炉主蒸汽出口阀.以内(不含阀门)的承压管道。锅炉范围内管道如图1a)所示。 5.1.2.2 热水锅炉范围内管道包括给水、热水管道。设置分水缸、回水缸的锅炉，从给水泵出口起，到分水缸出口与外部管道连接界面以内的承压管道，以及回水缸进口与锅炉连接界面以内的承压管道；不设置分水缸、回水缸的锅炉，从给水泵出口起，到锅炉主热水出口阀以内(不含阀门)的承压管道，以及循环水泵出口与锅炉连接界面以内的承压管道。锅炉范围内管道如图1b)所示。