标准编号:	GB 18296-2019
中文名称:	汽车燃油箱及其安装的安全性能要求和试验方法
英文名称:	Safety property requirements and test methods for automobile fuel tank and its installation
中标分类:	T16
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	43.060.40 43.060.40    燃油系统 43.060.40
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2019-12-17
实施日期:	2020-7-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB 18296-2001 汽车燃油箱安全性能要求和试验方法
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	13000 字
翻译价格(元):	300.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. All technical contents of this standard are mandatory. This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in the GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB 18296-2001 Safety Property Requirements and Test Methods for Automobile Fuel Tank. The following the following technical deviations have been made with respect to the GB 18296-2001 (the previous edition): — modification of the standard name as Safety Property Requirements and Test Methods for Automobile Fuel Tank and Its Installation; — modification of the Scope of this standard, which is changed from "This standard specifies the safety property requirements and test methods for gasoline- and diesel-fueled automotive fuel tank" to "This standard specifies the safety property requirements and test methods for automotive liquid fuel tank, as well as the safety requirements for installation on vehicles"; simultaneously, addition of the standard is applicable to vehicles of Category O (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2001); — addition of the requirements and test methods for overturn test of tank (see 4.1.7 and 5.2); — addition of the fuel permeability requirements and test methods for plastic fuel tank (see 4.1.10 and 5.5); — addition of the fuel resistance requirements and test methods for plastic fuel tank (see 4.1.11 and 5.6); — modification of the fire resistance requirements and test methods for plastic fuel tank (see 4.1.12; 3.10 of Edition 2001); — addition of the safety requirements for fuel tank installation (see 4.2); — deletion of the technical requirements and test methods for vibration of plastic fuel tank (see 3.5 and 4.3 of Edition 2001; — deletion of the requirements and test methods for safety valve opening pressure, and introduction of the automatic pressure compensation devices to to balance the pressure inside and outside the fuel tank (see 3.4 and 4.2 of Edition 2001); The technical content of this standard refers to the ECE R34 Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval Of Vehicles with Regard to Prevention of Fire Risks (Revision 03, 2015). This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. The previous editions of the standards replaced by this standard are as follows: — GB 18926-2001. Safety Property Requirements and Test Methods for Automobile Fuel Tank and Its Installation 1 Scope This standard specifies the safety property requirements and test methods for automotive liquid fuel tank. This standard also specifies the safety requirements for installation of automotive fuel tank on vehicles. This standard is applicable to the metal and plastic fuel tanks for vehicles of Categories M, N and O. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty Vehicles (CHINA 6) 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 automobile fuel tank separate tank assembly fixed to an automobile for fuel storage, which consisting of fuel tank, fuel line, filler hole, cap, pipe joint, and other accessories Note: Hereinafter referred to as fuel tank. 3.2 capacity of the fuel tank filling volume specified by the manufacturer in the fuel tank design parameters Note: Hereinafter referred to as capacity. 3.3 liquid fuel fuel which is liquid in normal conditions of temperature and pressure Note: Hereinafter referred to as fuel. 3.4 leakage of fuel fuel drops in a line or drop from the fuel tank 3.5 fuel permeability loss of fuel caused by molecular diffusion in the fuel tank 3.6 automatic compensating pressure device device for automatically compensating the working pressure or safety pressure of the fuel tank Note: Such as vents, safety valves, etc. 3.7 working pressure of the fuel tank pressure above the liquid level in the fuel tank under normal working conditions Note: Hereinafter referred to as working pressure. 4 Safety Property Requirements 4.1 Fuel tank 4.1.1 The fuel tank shall be corrosion-resistant. 4.1.2 The fuel tank shall be made of fireproof metal materials, or plastic which meets the requirements of this standard. 4.1.3 The fuel tank shall have automatic compensating pressure device (such as vents, safety valves, etc.). 4.1.4 The fuel filler cap must be fixed to the filler pipe. The requirements of this sub-clause will be deemed to be satisfied if provision is made to prevent excess evaporative emissions and fuel spillage caused by a missing fuel filler cap. This may be achieved using one of the following: a) an automatically opening and closing, non-removable fuel filler cap. b) any other provision which has the same effect. Examples may include, but are not limited to, a tether filler cap, a chained filler cap or one utilising the same locking key for the filler cap and for the vehicle's ignition (in this case, the key shall be removable from the filler cap only in the locked condition). However, the use of tethered or chained filler cap by itself is not sufficient for vehicles other than those of categories M1 and N1. 4.1.5 The seal between the cap and the filler pipe must be retained securely in place. The cap must latch securely in place against the seal and filler pipe when closed. 4.1.6 Metal fuel tank shall be subjected to hydraulic test according to 5.1. During the test, the tank shell must not crack or leak; however, it may be permanently deformed. 4.1.7 The fuel must not escape through the tank cap or through the automatic compensating pressure device during normal conditions of use of the vehicle. In the case of overturning of the vehicle, a drip may be tolerated provided that it does not exceed 30 g/min; this requirement must be verified during the test prescribed in 5.2. 4.1.8 Plastic fuel tank shall be subjected to low temperature collision resistance test according to 5.3, the tank shell must not fuel leakage. 4.1.9 Plastic fuel tank shall be subjected to hydraulic test according to 5.4, the tank shell must not crack or leak; however, it may be permanently deformed. 4.1.10 Fuel permeability requirements for plastic fuel tank: a) conduct the test according to 5.5. At a temperature of 40°C ± 2°C, the maximum evaporation loss of fuel is 20 g per 24 h of testing time. If the test with at the temperature of 40°C ± 2°C does not meet the requirements, then the test at a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C must be carried out again. The maximum evaporation loss of fuel is 10 g/24 h. b) if the vehicle assembled with the fuel tank meets the provisions specified in 5.3.4 of GB 18352.6-2016, the fuel tank shall be deemed to meet the requirements of a). 4.1.11 The plastic fuel tank shall be subjected to the fuel resistance test according to 5.6, and shall meet the requirements of 4.1.8 and 4.1.9. 4.1.12 The plastic fuel tank shall be subjected to the fire resistance test according to 5.7, and the tank shall be no leakage of fuel. 4.1.13 The plastic fuel tank shall be subjected to the high temperature resistance test according to 5.8, and the tank shall be no leaking or seriously deformed. 4.1.14 The metal fuel tank shall be subjected to the vibration resistance test according to 5.9, and the tank shall be no leakage of fuel.

Foreword II 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions 4 Safety Property Requirements 4.1 Fuel tank 4.2 Installation of fuel tank 5 Test Methods 5.1 Hydraulic test of metal fuel tank 5.2 Overturn test 5.3 Low temperature collision resistance test of plastic fuel tank 5.4 Hydraulic test of plastic fuel tank 5.5 Fuel permeability test of plastic fuel tank 5.6 Fuel resistance test of plastic fuel tank 5.7 Fire resistance test of plastic fuel tank 5.8 High temperature resistance test of plastic fuel tank 5.9 Vibration resistance test of metal fuel tank 6 Implementation of This Standard Annex A (Normative) Dimensions and Technical Data of Firebrick Annex B (Normative) Fire Resistance Test

汽车燃油箱及其安装的安全性能要求和试验方法 1 范围 本标准规定了装用液体燃料的汽车燃油箱的安全性能要求和试验方法。 本标准还规定了汽车燃油箱在车辆上安装的安全要求。 本标准适用于M、N和O类汽车的金属燃油箱和塑料燃油箱。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 18352.6—2016 轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段) 3术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 汽车燃油箱automobile fuel tank 固定于汽车上用于存贮燃油的独立箱体总成，由燃油箱体、加油管、加油口、燃油箱盖、管接头及其他附属装置装配成的整体。 注：本标准中简称燃油箱。 3.2 燃油箱额定容量capacity of the fuel tank 燃油箱设计参数中，由制造厂规定加注燃油的容积。 注：本标准中简称额定容量。 3.3 液体燃料liquid fuel 在常温常压条件下呈液态的燃料。 注：本标准中简称燃油。 3.4 燃油泄漏leakage of fuel 燃油自燃油箱内呈线状或滴状下落。 3.5 燃油渗透 fuel permeability 燃油在燃油箱中因分子扩散作用而导致燃油损失。 3.6 压力自动补偿装置 automatic compensating pressure device 对燃油箱的工作压力或安全压力进行自动补偿的装置。 注：如通气阀、安全阀等。 3.7 燃油箱工作压力working pressure of the fuel tank 车辆正常使用条件下，燃油箱内液面上方的压力。 注：本标准中简称工作压力。 4安全性能要求 4.1 燃油箱 4.1.1燃油箱应耐腐蚀。 4.1.2燃油箱应用防火金属材料制成，也可以用满足本标准要求的塑料制成。 4.1.3燃油箱应有压力自动补偿装置(如通气阀、安全阀等)。 4.1.4燃油箱盖应能固定到加油管上。在燃油箱盖丢失情况下，如果有用于防止燃油过量蒸发和燃油溢出的措施，则认为满足本条要求。具体可采用以下方法： a)一个自动开闭的非拆卸式燃油箱盖； b)任何有相同效果的其他措施。例如(包括但不限于)，拉带式燃油箱盖、锁链式燃油箱盖等，或者使用与点火钥匙相同钥匙的燃油箱盖(此种情况下，只有当燃油箱盖锁上时，才可以把钥匙从燃油箱上拔出)。但对于非M1、N1类车辆，只用拉带式燃油箱盖或锁链式燃油箱盖一种措施是不够的。 4.1.5 燃油箱盖与加油口之间的密封应牢固可靠。当锁止时，燃油箱盖应把密封垫压紧在加油管上。 4.1.6金属燃油箱按5.1进行耐压试验，不应出现裂纹或泄漏，但可以有永久性变形。 4.1.7车辆正常使用过程中，燃油不应从燃油箱盖溢出，也不应从压力自动补偿装置溢出。按5.2进行翻转试验时，燃油箱盖允许有燃油泄漏，但泄漏速度不应超过30 g/min，汽油燃油箱盖不应有燃油泄漏。 4.1.8 塑料燃油箱按5.3低温耐撞击性能试验，不应有燃油泄漏。 4.1.9塑料燃油箱按5.4进行耐压试验，不应出现裂纹或泄漏，但可以有永久性变形。 4.1.1 0塑料燃油箱燃油渗透性要求： a)按5.5进行试验，在环境温度为40℃±2℃时，燃油蒸发量不应大于20 g/24 h；如果环境温度为40℃±2℃的试验不满足要求，则再进行环境温度为23℃±2℃的试验，燃油蒸发量不应大于10 g/24 h。 b)若燃油箱所装配的整车满足GB 18352.6—2016中5.3.4的规定，则认为该燃油箱满足a)的要求。 4.1.11塑料燃油箱按5.6进行耐燃油性试验，应满足4.1.8和4.1.9的要求。 4.1.12塑料燃油箱按5.7进行耐火性能试验，不应有燃油泄漏。 4.1.13塑料燃油箱按5.8进行耐高温性能试验，不应有燃油泄漏或严重变形。 4.1.14金属燃油箱按5.9进行振动耐久性试验，不应有燃油泄漏。 4.2燃油箱的安装 4.2.1 燃油箱各部件应被车身或车架部件适当地保护起来，以防止与地面障碍物发生接触。如果位于燃油箱前部的车身或车架底部部件的离地间隙小于燃油箱部件的离地间隙，可视为一种保护措施。 4.2.2燃油箱的管路及其他部件均应安装在车辆上尽可能安全的位置。任何扭转、弯曲、车辆结构件或者驱动部件的振动均不应对燃油箱各部件产生摩擦、挤压或其他任何不正常的应力。 4.2.3软管与燃油箱上刚性部件间连接件的设计和构造，应保证其在车辆各种使用条件下，无论是扭转、弯曲，还是车辆结构件或驱动部件的振动，都不会发生泄漏。 4.2.4 加油口不应位于乘员舱、行李厢或发动机舱内。 4.2.5如果加油口布置在车辆侧面，燃油箱盖处于关闭状态时，不应凸出相邻车身或货厢表面。 4.2.6通气孔的设计应防火灾。尤其是在加油时可能发生的任何燃油泄漏都不应落到排气系统上，而应导向地面。 4.2.7燃油箱不应位于乘员舱内，不应作为乘员舱的一个面(地板、侧壁、前围板)，也不应同其他舱组成一体。 4.2.8燃油箱和乘员舱之间应有隔板。隔板可以有孔隙(如用于布置线束)，其布置应保证在正常使用时燃油不应从燃油箱流向乘员舱或其他舱体内。 4.2.9 燃油箱的安装应固定可靠，以保证在正常使用时从燃油箱或其附件中泄漏出的燃油流向地面，而不应流进乘员舱。 4.2.10燃油箱附近不应有凸起物、锐边等。 4.2.11 燃油箱及其附件的设计和安装应避免任何静电引起的火灾。对于装用闪点在55℃以下燃油的燃油箱，应采取必要的放电措施。 5试验方法 5.1 金属燃油箱耐压试验 燃油箱按正常使用情况安装所有附件。往燃油箱注入额定容量的非可燃性液体(如水)。封堵燃油箱与外部的所有通口，通过燃油箱输油管往里缓慢加压，直至工作压力的2倍，任何情况下不应小于80 kPa，保持压力30 s。 检查记录燃油箱的泄漏及变形情况。 5.2翻转试验 5.2.1 将燃油箱本体及其所有附件，包括压力自动补偿装置，按其在车上的安装方式固定于试验台架上。 5.2.2燃油箱应绕与车辆纵轴平行的轴线旋转。 5.2.3试验应进行两次，一次往燃油箱加注至额定容量90％的试验用液体，另一次往燃油箱加注额定容量30％的试验用液体。试验用液体为非易燃性液体，其黏度和密度与正常使用的燃油相近(可以用水)。 5.2.4燃油箱从其安装位置向右转动90°，在此位置保持至少5 min。然后沿此方向继续转动90°，在此完全翻转的位置保持至少5 min。回正燃油箱，排出没能从通气孔流回燃油箱的试验用液体，如有必要可补充添加。再以相反的方向向左转动燃油箱90°，在此位置保持至少5 min。然后沿此方向继续转动90°，在此完全翻转的位置保持至少5 min。 翻转速度：每一个90°的转角，转动时间为1 min～3 min。 检查记录燃油箱的泄漏情况。 5.3 塑料燃油箱低温耐撞击性能试验 5.3.1 把水和乙二醇混合溶液或者无腐蚀性的低冰点溶液注入燃油箱至额定容量。 5.3.2 试验期间，燃油箱内溶液的温度保持在-40℃±2℃。 5.3.3 采用摆锤试验装置进行试验。摆锤要求如下： a)摆锤的总质量(包含角锤)为15 kg； b)角锤的要求：材料为钢质，形状为角锥形，正方形基座，等边三角形侧面，顶部和各个棱边圆角半径为3 mm； c)摆锤的撞击中心与角锤的重心重合，撞击中心与回转轴之间的距离为1 m； d)在试验过程中，角锤的撞击能量至少为30 J，并尽可能地接近该值。 5.3.4选择燃油箱上易受撞击的部位进行试验。易受撞击的部位指燃油箱在整车安装状态下暴露在外的较薄弱的部位。试验前选择的撞击部位都应做标记，并在试验报告中标示。 5.3.5试验过程中，应在燃油箱被撞击面的对面一侧用固定装置将燃油箱固定住。 5.3.6可以在同一个燃油箱上进行所有的撞击试验，也可以分别在不同的燃油箱上进行各个撞击试验。 检查记录燃油箱的泄漏情况。 5.4塑料燃油箱耐压试验 将燃油箱模拟装车形式固定在试验装置上，保持53℃±2℃的环境温度，往燃油箱中加入53℃±2℃的水，达到额定容量，盖好燃油箱盖，密封好所有进、出口，向燃油箱内施加工作压力2倍的压力，任何情况下不应小于30 kPa，保持压力5 h。 检查记录燃油箱的泄漏及变形情况。 5.5 塑料燃油箱燃油渗透性试验 5.5.1 试验用油为GB 18352.6—2016规定的基准燃油，或现行汽车排放试验用基准燃油。装用压燃式发动机的车辆的燃油箱应用柴油，装用点燃式发动机的车辆的燃油箱应用汽油。 5.5.2试验前预处理：往燃油箱中注入试验燃油，达到额定容量的50％。不密封燃油箱，存放在温度为40℃±2℃的环境下，直至单位时间内的燃油损失量达到稳定状态，但不超过4周。 5.5.3清空燃油箱，注入新的试验燃油，达到额定容量的50％，密封燃油箱，存放在温度为40℃±2℃的环境下。当燃油箱的内部温度达到试验温度时，释放燃油箱内部压力。试验周期为8周，测量燃油蒸发量。确定每24 h的平均燃油蒸发量。 5.5.4如果按照5.5.3的试验方法，燃油蒸发量超过4.1.10中规定的指标，则将环境温度调为23℃±2℃，在同一个燃油箱上按同样的试验方法重做试验。 5.6塑料燃油箱耐燃油性试验 燃油箱在完成5.5中的渗透性试验之后，再分别进行一次5.3的低温耐撞击试验和5.4的耐压试验。 检查记录燃油箱的泄漏情况。