Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization (SAC/TC 114).
Technical specifications of battery management system for electric vehicles
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods and inspection rules for traction battery management system (hereinafter referred to as “battery management system”) for electric vehicles.
This standard is applicable to the management system of lithium-ion traction batteries and Ni-MH traction batteries for electric vehicles, and also a reference for the management system of other types of traction batteries.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 4365 Electrotechnical terminology - Electromagnetic compatibility
GB/T 17626.4-2018 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
GB/T 18384.3-2015 Electrically propelled road vehicles - Safety specifications - Part 3: Protection of persons against electric shock
GB/T 18655-2018 Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers
GB/T 19596-2017 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 19951 Road vehicles - Disturbances test methods for electrical/electronic component from electrostatic discharge
GB/T 21437.2-2008 Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 2: Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only
GB/T 21437.3-2012 Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 3: Electrical transient transmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via lines other than supply lines
GB/T 27930 Communication protocols between off-board conductive charger and battery management system for electric vehicle
GB/T 28046.1-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 1: General
GB/T 28046.2-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 2: Electrical loads
GB/T 28046.3-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 3: Mechanical loads
GB/T 28046.4-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 4: Climatic loads
GB/T 33014.2 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 2: Absorber-lined shielded enclosure
GB/T 33014.4 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI)
ISO 11452-8:2015 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 8: Immunity to magnetic fields
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 4365, GB/T 19596-2017, GB/T 28046.1-2011 and the following apply. For the convenience of application, some terms and definitions specified in GB/T 19596-2017 are listed below.
3.1
battery electronics
electronic device collecting or simultaneously monitoring electric and thermal data of battery cell or module, which may include electronics for battery cell equalization where necessary
Note: The battery electronics may include a cell controller. The equalization between battery cells may be controlled by the battery electronics or battery control units.
[GB/T 19596-2017, definition 3.3.2.1.5]
3.2
battery control unit
electronic device controlling, managing, detecting, or calculating relevant electric and thermal parameters of the battery system and providing communication between the battery system and other vehicle controllers
[GB/T 19596-2017, definition 3.3.2.1.4]
3.3
battery management system
system capable of monitoring the state (e.g. temperature, voltage and state of charge) of battery and providing communication, safety, cell equalization and management control for battery as well as providing the communication interface with application equipment
[GB/T 19596-2017, definition 3.3.2.1.10]
3.4
rated capacity
battery capacity determined and declared by the manufacturer under the specified conditions
[GB/T 19596-2017, definition 3.3.3.4.2]
3.5
available capacity
capacity released from a fully charged battery under specified conditions
[GB/T 19596-2017, definition 3.3.3.4.5]
3.6
state of charge
percentage of the capacity that can be released from the current battery according to the specified discharge conditions in the available capacity
[GB/T 19596-2017, definition 3.3.3.2.5]
3.7
state of power
maximum input and output power of the current battery according to the specified charge/discharge conditions within a certain period of time
4 Abbreviations and symbols
4.1 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
BCU: Battery Control Unit
BMS: Battery Management System
FS: Full Scale
Note: FS refers to the absolute value of the maximum measurable value of the BMS.
SOC: State of Charge
SOP: State of Power
4.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.
C1: the rated capacity per hour-rate (Ah).
I1: the discharge current per hour-rate (A), which is equal to the rated capacity.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Service environment
5.1.1 Operating temperature
-20℃ to 65℃, or determined through negotiation between the complete vehicle manufacturer and the manufacturer according to GB/T 28046.4-2011 and the installation position of the BMS.
5.1.2 Storage temperature
-40℃ to 85℃, or determined through negotiation between the complete vehicle manufacturer and the manufacturer according to GB/T 28046.4-2011 and the installation position of the BMS.
5.1.3 Operating humidity
5% to 95%, or determined through negotiation between the complete vehicle manufacturer and the manufacturer according to GB/T 28046.4-2011 and the installation position of the BMS.
5.2 Supply voltage
The supply voltage range is shown in Table 1 or determined through negotiation between the complete vehicle manufacturer and the manufacturer.
Table 1 Supply voltage
Nominal voltage / V Supply voltage / V
Minimum operating voltage USmin Maximum operating voltage Usmax
12 9 16
24 16 32
5.3 Basic functional requirements
5.3.1 The BMS shall be capable of monitoring or obtaining (by other means) the battery related data, including the total voltage of the battery system, the voltage of the battery cell or cell block, the voltage of the battery module (Ni-MH battery), the current of the battery system, the internal temperature of the battery pack and other parameters..
5.3.2 The BMS shall have functions of fault diagnosis, fault information recording and fault handling, such as fault code reporting, real-time warning and fault protection.
5.3.3 The BMS shall have a self-check function, including preliminarily screening and identifying main functions of the BMS, and giving an early warning of abnormal functions that seriously affect the use and safety.
5.3.4 The BMS shall have the function of information interaction with other controllers of the vehicle.
5.3.5 The BMS with functions of charge process control and management shall be capable of communicating with on-board charger or off-board charger in real time, and the communication protocol with off-board charger shall meet the requirements of GB/T 27930.
5.3.6 The BMS with insulation resistance detection function shall monitor the insulation resistance of the battery system.
5.3.7 The BMS with the function of monitoring the charge/discharge high-voltage interlock shall monitor the charge/discharge high-voltage interlock of the battery system.
5.3.8 The BMS shall have the function of preventing overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent and overtemperature of the battery system.
5.3.9 The BMS shall have SOC estimation function, and should have SOP estimation and equalization function.
5.4 Measurement accuracy of state parameters
5.4.1 Total voltage
The detection accuracy for the total voltage shall reach ±1%FS.
5.4.2 Total current
5.4.2.1 For lithium-ion traction batteries, the detection accuracy for the total current shall reach ±2%FS.
5.4.2.2 For Ni-MH traction batteries, the detection accuracy for the total current shall reach ±3%FS.
5.4.3 Cell (cell block) voltage
5.4.3.1 For lithium-ion traction batteries, the detection accuracy for the cell (cell block) voltage shall reach ±0.5%FS and the absolute value of the maximum error shall not exceed 10mV.
5.4.3.2 For Ni-MH traction batteries, the detection accuracy for the cell (cell block) voltage or the module voltage shall reach ±1%FS.
5.4.4 Temperature
5.4.4.1 For lithium-ion traction batteries, the temperature detection accuracy shall reach ±2℃ in the range of -20℃ to 65℃ (inclusive), and ±3℃ in the range of -40℃ to -20℃ and 65℃ to 125℃ (or the maximum measurable temperature calibrated by the BMS).
5.4.4.2 For Ni-MH traction batteries, the temperature detection accuracy shall reach ±3℃ in the range of -20℃ to 65℃ (inclusive), and ±5℃ in the range of -40℃ to -20℃ and 65℃ to 125℃ (or the maximum measurable temperature calibrated by the BMS).
5.4.5 Insulation resistance
For the BMS with insulation resistance detection function, when the total (nominal) voltage of the battery is 400V or above, the relative detection error of the insulation resistance shall be -20% to +20%; when the total (nominal) voltage of the battery is less than 400V, the relative detection error of the insulation resistance shall be -30% to +30%.
When the insulation resistance is less than or equal to 50kΩ, the detection accuracy shall reach ±10kΩ.
Note: If the BMS only has insulation alarm function in low insulation state, the insulation resistance accuracy may not be tested.
5.5 SOC estimation
For pure electric vehicles and off-vehicle-chargeable hybrid electric vehicles, the cumulative error of SOC estimation of the BMS shall not be greater than 5%.
For non off-vehicle-chargeable hybrid electric vehicles, the cumulative error of SOC estimation of the lithium-ion traction battery management system shall not be greater than 15%, and that of SOC estimation of the Ni-MH traction battery management system shall not be greater than 20%.
5.6 Battery fault diagnosis
See Table 2 and Table 3 for the basic and extensible fault diagnosis items for battery system by the BMS. The fault diagnosis items listed in Table 2 are basic requirements. According to the functional design of the complete vehicle and the specific requirements of the battery system, the specific diagnosis contents of the BMS may not be limited to the items listed in Table 2 and Table 3.
Table 2 Basic fault diagnosis items for battery system
S.N. Fault state a Fault diagnosis items of
the BMS b
1 The battery temperature is greater than the set value 1 High battery temperature
2 The cell (cell block) voltage is greater than the set value 1 High cell (cell block) voltage
3 The cell (cell block) voltage is less than the set value 2 Low cell (cell block) voltage
4 The cell (cell block) consistency deviation is greater than the set value Large cell (cell block) consistency deviation
5 The charge current (power) is greater than the maximum charge current (power) Large charge current (power)
6 The discharge current (power) is greater than the maximum discharge current (power) Large discharge current (power)
a The set voltage, current and temperature shall be determined through negotiation between the complete vehicle manufacturer and the manufacturer, and shall not exceed the maximum operating limit specified by the battery manufacturer.
b The manufacturer is allowed to specify the specific name of the fault item, the classification of fault level and the set value of relevant fault conditions.
Table 3 Extensible fault diagnosis items
S.N. Fault state Fault diagnosis items of
the BMS
1 The insulation resistance is less than the set value Weak insulation
2 The battery temperature is less than the set value 2 Low battery temperature
3 The SOC value is larger than the set value 1 High SOC
4 The SOC value is less than the set value 2 Low SOC
5 The SOC value changes discontinuously SOC jump
6 The total voltage is less than the set value 1 (related to parameters such as discharge current and temperature) Low total voltage
7 The total voltage is greater than the set value 2 (related to parameters such as charge current and temperature) High total voltage
8 The external communication is abnormal External communication fault
9 The internal communication is abnormal Internal communication fault
10 The internal temperature difference of the battery system is greater than the set value The temperature difference of the battery system is large
11 The high voltage circuit is abnormal High voltage interlock fault
5.7 Insulation performance
5.7.1 Insulation resistance
The BMS shall be subjected to insulation resistance test according to 6.5.1. When the BMS does not operate, the insulation resistance between the live parts connected with the traction battery and the terminals of its power supply shall not be less than 10MΩ. When the BMS operates, the insulation resistance between the live parts connected with the traction battery and the terminals of its power supply shall meet the following requirements: under the maximum operating voltage of the traction battery, the insulation resistance of the DC circuit shall not be less than 100Ω/V, and that of the AC circuit shall not be less than 500Ω/V.
Note: The expression that the BMS does not operate means that the power of the BMS is off.
5.7.2 Voltage resistance
The BMS shall be subjected to voltage resistance test according to 6.5.2, and the leakage current limit shall be determined through negotiation between the complete vehicle manufacturer and the manufacturer. There shall be no disruptive discharge such as breakdown or flashover during the test.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviations and symbols
5 Technical requirements
6 Test methods
7 Inspection rules
Annex A (Normative) System function state class
Annex B (Normative) SOC cumulative error test method
Annex D (Informative) Test method of SOP estimation error
Annex E (Informative) Equalizing test method
Annex F (Informative) Typical charge/discharge condition of battery system
