Wind turbine generator systems — Lightning protection
1 Scope
This standard applies to lightning protection of wind turbine generators and components systems.
Normative references are made to generic standards for lightning protection, low-voltage systems and high-voltage systems for machinery and installations and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
This standard defines the lightning environment for wind turbines and application of the environment for risk assessment for the wind turbine. It defines requirements for protection of blades, other structural components and electrical and control systems against both direct and indirect effects of lightning . Test methods to validate compliance are recommended.
Guidance and the use of applicable lightning protection, industrial electrical and EMC standards including earthing is provided.
Guidance regarding personal safety is provided.
Guidelines for damage statistics and reporting are provided.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 16895.22-2004 Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-53: Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Isolation, switching and control - Section 534: Devices for protection against overvoltages [IEC 60364-5-53: 2001 A1: 2002 [ There is an integrated version 3.1 (2002) that includes IEC 60364-5-53 (2001) and its revision 1 (2002).] , IDT]
IEC 60060-1: 1989 High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements)
IEC 60068 (all parts) Environmental testing
IEC 60071 (all parts) Insulation Co-ordination
IEC 60071-2:1996 Insulation Co-ordination - Part 2: Application guide
IEC 60099-4 Surge arresters — Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems
IEC 60099-5 Surge arresters — Part 5: Selection and application recommendations
IEC 60204-1 Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1. General requirements
IEC 60204-11 Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 11: Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1000 V a.c. or 1500 V d.c. and not exceeding 36 kV
IEC 60243-1 Electrical strength of insulating materials — Test methods — Part 1: Tests at power frequencies
IEC 60243-3 Electric strength of solid insulating malaria/s — Test methods — Part 3: Additional requirements for 1，2/50 μs impulse tests
IEC 60364-4-44 Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 4-44: Protection for safety — Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances
IEC 60464-2 Varnishes used for electric at insulation — Part 2: Methods of test
IEC/TS 60479-1 Effects of current on human beings and livestock — Part 1: General aspects
IEC 60479-4 Effects of current on human beings and livestock — Part 4: Effects of lightning strokes on human beings and livestock
IEC 60587 Electrical Insulating materials used under severe ambient conditions — Test methods for evaluating resistance to tracking and erosion
IEC 60664-1 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems — Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests
IEC 61000-4-5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-5: testing and measurement techniques — Surge immunity test
IEC/TR 61000-5-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines — Section 2: Earthing and cabling
IEC/TO 61400-23 Wind turbine generator systems — Part 23: Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades
IEC 61643-1 Low-voltage surge protective devices — Part 1: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems — Requirements and tests
IEC 61643-12 Low-voltage surge protective devices — Part 12: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems — Selection and application principles
IEC 61643-21 Low voltage surge protective devices — Part 21: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks — Performance requirements and testing methods
IEC 61643-22 Low-voltage surge protective devices — Part 22: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks — Selection and application principles
IEC 62153-4-3 Metallic communication cable test methods — Part 4-3: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Surface transfer impedance — Triaxial method
IEC 62305-1:2006 Protection against lightning — Part 1: General principles
IEC 62305-2:2006 Protection against lightning — Part 2: Risk management
IEC 62305-3:2006 Protection against lightning — Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard
IEC 62305-4:2006 Protection against lightning — Part 4: Electric at and electronic systems within structures
EN 50164-1 Lightning Protection Components (LPC) — Part 1: Requirements for connection components
CLC HD 637 S1 Power Installations exceeding 1kV A.C.
ITU-T K.2 Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in a telecommunications centre to overvoltages and overcurrents
ITU-T K.21 Resistibility of telecommunications equipment installed in customer premises to overvoltages and overcurrents
ITU-T K.46 Protection of telecommunication lines using metallic symmetric conductors against lightning-induced surges
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
air-termination system
part of an external LPS using metallic elements such as rods, mesh conductors or catenary wires intended to intercept lightning flashes.
3.2
average steepness of the front of short stroke current
The average rate of change of current in a time period △t = t2 - t1.
Note: It is expressed by the difference Δi = i(t 2 ) – i(t 1 ) of the values of the current at the start and at the end of this interval, divided by the time interval Δt = t 2 – t 1 (see Figure A.3).
3.3
bonding bar
buses.
bar on which metal installations, electric power lines, telecommunication lines and other cables can be bonded to an LPS.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and units
5 Abbreviations
6 Lightning environment of wind turbines
7 Lightning exposure assessment
8 Lightning protection of subcomponents
9 Earthing of wind turbines and wind farms
10 Personnel safety
11 Documentation of lightning protection system
12 Inspection of lightning protection system
Annex A (informative) The lightning phenomenon in relation to wind turbine generator systems
Annex B (informative) Lightning exposure assessment
Annex C (Informative) Protection methods for blades
Annex D (Informative) Test specification
Annex E (Informative) Application of lightning protection zones (LPZ) concept at a wind turbine
Annex F (Informative) Selection and installation of a coordinated SPD protection in wind turbines
Annex G (Informative) Additional information on bonding and shielding and installation technique
Annex H (Informative) Testing methods for system level immunity tests
Annex I (Informative) Earth termination system
Annex J (Informative) Example of defined measuring points
Annex K (Informative) Typical lightning damage questionnaire
Annex L (Informative) Monitoring systems
Annex M (Informative) Guidelines for small wind turbines - Microgeneration
Bibliography
