标准编号:	HJ 75-2017
中文名称:	固定污染源烟气（SO2、NOx、颗粒物）排放连续监测技术规范
英文名称:	Specifications for continuous emissions monitoring of SO2, NOx, and particulate matter in the flue gas emitted from stationary sources
行业分类:	HJ    环境保护行业标准
发布机构:	中华人民共和国环境保护部
发布日期:	2017-12-29
实施日期:	2018-3-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	HJ/T 75-2007 固定污染源烟气排放连续监测技术规范(试行)
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	72000 字
翻译价格(元):	4320.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is formulated with a view to implementing the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, strengthening the monitoring, supervision and control over the flue gas emitted from stationary sources, and improving the level of continuous monitoring management of flue gas emitted from stationary sources. This standard specifies the requirements on the composition and functions, technical performance, monitoring station building and installation, performance testing of technical indexes, technical acceptance, daily operation management, daily operation quality assurance and data review and processing in relation to the continuous monitoring system for flue gas (SO2, NOX and particulate matters) emitted from stationary sources. This standard is a revision with respect to HJ/T 75-2007 Specifications for Continuous Emissions Monitoring of Flue Gas Emitted from Stationary Sources (on trial). This standard was firstly issued in 2001 and revised in 2007 for the first time. Its original drafting organization is Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center. It is the second revision with the main revised contents as follows: ——Flue gas humidity testing and quality control requirements are added; ——The introduction to the method and the structure of the monitoring instrument is simplified; ——CEMS installation requirements are refined; ——Supplements are made for the performance testing and technical acceptance methods, technical requirements and relevant record forms; ——Requirements are refined as to the operation management and quality assurance as well as data review and processing. Annex A, Annex C and Annex H of this standard are normative. Annex B, Annex D, Annex E, Annex F and Annex G are informative. As of the implementation date of this standard, HJ/T 75-2007 Specifications for Continuous Emissions Monitoring of Flue Gas Emitted from Stationary Sources (on trial) is abolished. This standard is formulated under the organization of the Department of Environment Monitoring and Department of Science, Technology and Standards under the Ministry of Environmental Protection. This standard was approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on December 29, 2017. This standard shall be implemented as of March 1, 2018. The Ministry of Environmental Protection is in charge of the interpretation of this standard. Specifications for Continuous Emissions Monitoring of SO2, NOX, and Particulate Matter in the Flue Gas Emitted from Stationary Sources 1 Scope of Application This standard specifies the requirements on the composition and functions, technical performance, monitoring station building and installation, performance testing of technical indexes, technical acceptance, daily operation management, daily operation quality assurance and data review and processing in relation to the continuous monitoring system for the gaseous pollutants (SO2 and NOX) emission, particulate matter emission and relevant flue gas parameters among the continuous monitoring systems for flue gas emitted from stationary sources. This standard is applicable to continuous monitoring systems for flue gas (SO2, NOX and particulate matter) emitted from stationary sources such as thermal power plant boilers, industrial/civilian boilers and industrial furnaces and kilns with solid and liquid as fuel or raw material. This standard may serve as a reference for the continuous monitoring system for flue gas (SO2, NOX and particulate matter) emitted from domestic waste incinerators, hazardous waste incinerators, and stationary sources with gas as fuel or raw materials. Prior to the formal promulgation and implementation of the standards for other continuous monitoring systems for flue gas pollutant emission, this standard may be implemented as a reference. 2 Normative References The following documents or provisions therein are referred to in this standard. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document applies. GB 4208 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure ( IP Code) GB 50057 Design Code for Protection of Structures against Lightning GB 50093 Code for Construction and Quality Acceptance of Automation Instrumentation Engineering GB 50168 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Cable System Electric Equipment Installation Engineering GB/T 16157 Determination of Particulates and Sampling Methods of Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Exhaust Gas of Stationary Source HJ 76 Specifications and test procedures for Continuous Emission Monitoring System for SO2, NOX and Particulate Matter in Flue Gas emitted from Stationary Sources HJ/T 212 Standard for Data Communication of Pollution Emission Auto Monitoring System HJ/T 397 Technical Specifications for Emission Monitoring of Stationary Source 3 Terms and Definitions 3.1 continuous emission monitoring, CEM continuous real time automatic monitoring over emission concentration and emission amount of particulate matter and (or) gaseous pollutants emitted by stationary sources, abbreviated as CEM 3.2 continuous monitoring system, CMS all the equipment necessary for continuous monitoring of flue gas parameters for the stationary sources, abbreviated as CEMS 3.3 continuous emission monitoring system, CEMS all the equipment necessary for continuous monitoring over emission concentration and emission amount of particulate matter and (or) gaseous pollutants emitted by stationary sources, abbreviated as CEMS 3.4 valid operation of CEMS operation within the specified validity period which meet the technical index requirements given in this standard, excluding, however, the operation periods with detector contamination, instrument failure, system calibration or system without regular calibration or regular verification 3.5 valid data The data measured under the condition that the stationary source emits flue gas during valid operation of the CEMS which meets the technical index requirements in this standard and passes the acceptance 3.6 valid hourly average arithmetic average of valid data for no less than 45 min within 1h on the hour 3.7 reference method standard method released by the State or profession for comparison with CEMS measurement result 3.8 checkout/verification the testing process to compare the testing results of CEMS (including sampling system and analysis system) with the reference method in terms of relative accuracy, correlation coefficient, confidence interval, allowable interval, relative error, absolute error, etc. 3.9 performance testing calibration and checkout/verification carried out for the CEMS prior to the technical acceptance and after CEMS installation, initial adjustment and continuous normal operation for at least 168 hours 3.10 comparison testing random inspection on the accuracy of CEMS in valid operation with the reference method 3.11 response time response time refers to the interval from the time when standard gas is introduced into the CEMS system sampling probe to the time when the analyzer indication value reaches 90% of the nominal value of standard gas, including pipeline transmission time and instrument response time 3.12 zero drift percentage of deviation between instrument reading and initial measurement value of zero gas relative to the full span when zero gas is introduced into the CEMS after operating for a specified time under the premise that the instrument is not subjected to repair, maintenance or adjustment 3.13 span drift percentage of deviation between instrument reading and initial measurement value of span calibration gas relative to the full span when zero gas is introduced into the CEMS after operating for a specified time under the premise that the instrument is not subjected to repair, maintenance or adjustment 3.14 relative accuracy ratio of the sum of the absolute value of average for the difference between data pairs and the confidence coefficient to the average of determination data with reference method where the measurement results in the same time interval and in the same status compose several data pairs when the reference method is adopted to measure the gas pollutant concentration in the flue gas synchronously with the CEMS 3.15 correlation calibration the process to calibrate CEMS for particulate matter with reference method via the establishment of a correlation curve between data pairs where the measurement results in the same time interval and in the same status compose several data pairs when the reference method is adopted to measure the gas pollutant concentration in the flue gas synchronously with the CEMS 3.16 velocity field coefficient ratio of average flue gas flow velocity measured with reference method and that measured with CEMS in the same time interval and same status when reference method and CEMS are adopted synchronously to measure the average flue gas flow velocity 4 Composition and Function Requirements on CEMS for Stationary Sources CEMS is composed of particulate matter monitoring unit and (or) gaseous pollutants monitoring unit, flue gas parameter monitoring unit and data acquisition and processing unit. CEMS shall realize such functions as measurement of the particulate matter concentration and concentration of gaseous pollutants SO2 and/or NOX in the flue gas, the flue gas parameters (temperature, pressure, flow velocity or flow capacity, humidity, oxygen content, etc.), as well as calculation of pollutant emission rate and emission amount in the flue gas, display (supporting printing) and record of a variety of data and parameters, the formation of related charts, which may be transmitted to the management department through data, teletext and other means. The output parameter calculation shall meet the requirements of Annex C. As for the nitrogen oxide monitoring unit, NO2 can be measured directly, or measured after it is converted to NO after passing through the reformer, but it is not allowed to monitor the NO in the flue gas only. The efficiency of converting NO2 to NO shall meet the requirements specified in HJ 76. 5 Technical Performance Requirements on CEMS for Stationary Sources The relevant requirements in HJ 76 shall be complied with. 6 Requirements on Monitoring Station Building of CEMS for Stationary Sources 6.1 An independent station building shall be provided for the outdoor CEMS. The distance between the monitoring station building and the sampling site shall be as close as possible, and it should not exceed 70m in principle. 6.2 The load intensity of the foundation for monitoring station building shall be ≥ 2,000kg/m2. If only a single cabinet is placed in the station building, its area shall be ≥ 2.5 × 2.5m2. If more than one set of analysis instruments are placed in the same station building, the area of the station building shall be increased by at least 3m2 for each additional cabinet to facilitate operation and maintenance. The spatial height of the station building shall be ≥ 2.8m, and building shall be built at an elevation ≥ 0m. 6.3 Air conditioner and heating equipment shall be installed in the monitoring station building. The indoor temperature shall be maintained at (15~30) °C and the relative humidity shall be ≤ 60%. The air conditioner shall have an automatic restart function in case of power recovery. Exhaust fans or other ventilation facilities shall be installed in the station building.

Foreword i 1 Scope of Application 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions 4 Composition and Function Requirements on CEMS for Stationary Sources 5 Technical Performance Requirements on CEMS for Stationary Sources 6 Requirements on Monitoring Station Building of CEMS for Stationary Sources 7 Requirements on Installation of CEMS for Stationary Sources 8 Performance Testing for the Technical Indexes of CEMS for Stationary Sources 9 Technical Acceptance of CEMS for Stationary Sources 10 Daily Operation and Management Requirements for CEMS for Stationary Sources 11 Quality Assurance Requirements for Daily Operation of CEMS for Stationary Sources 12 Data Review and Processing for CEMS for Stationary Sources Annex A (Normative) Performance Testing Methods for Key Technical Indexes of CEMS for Stationary Sources Annex B (Informative) Analysis and Processing Methods for the Result of Performance Testing of Technology Index of CEMS for Stationary Sources Annex C (Normative) Calculation Method for Output Parameters of CEMS for Stationary Sources Annex D (Informative) Original Data Sheet for System Installation Performance Test of CEMS for Stationary Sources Annex E (Informative) Performance Testing Report for CEM System of Flue Gas Emitted from Stationary Sources Annex F (Informative) Acceptance Report of Technical Indexes for CEMS for Stationary Sources Annex G (Informative) Original Routine Inspection, Calibration and Maintenance Record for CEMS for Stationary Sources Annex H (Normative) Requirements for Data Acquisition Processing and Transmission System of CEMS for Stationary Sources

1 适用范围 本标准规定了固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统中的气态污染物（SO2、NOX）排放、颗粒物排放和有关烟气参数（含氧量等）连续监测系统的组成和功能、技术性能、监测站房、安装、技术指标调试检测、技术验收、日常运行管理、日常运行质量保证以及数据审核和处理的有关要求。 本标准适用于以固体、液体为燃料或原料的火电厂锅炉、工业/民用锅炉以及工业炉窑等固定污染源烟气（SO2、NOx、颗粒物）排放连续监测系统。 生活垃圾焚烧炉、危险废物焚烧炉及以气体为燃料或原料的固定污染源烟气（SO2、NOx、颗粒物）排放连续监测系统可参照本标准执行。 其他烟气污染物排放连续监测系统相应标准未正式颁布实施前，可参照本标准执行。 2 规范性引用文件 本标准内容引用了下列文件或其中的条款。凡是未注明日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。 GB 4208 外壳防护等级 GB 50057 建筑物防雷设计规范 GB 50093 自动化仪表工程施工及质量验收规范 GB 50168 电气装置安装工程电缆线路施工及验收规范 GB/T 16157 固定污染源排气中颗粒物测定与气态污染物采样方法 HJ 76 固定污染源烟气（SO2、NOX、颗粒物）排放连续监测系统技术要求及检测方法 HJ/T 212 污染源在线自动监控（监测）系统数据传输标准 HJ/T 397 固定源废气监测技术规范 3 术语和定义 3.1 烟气排放连续监测continuous emission monitoring, CEM 对固定污染源排放的颗粒物和（或）气态污染物的排放浓度和排放量进行连续、实时的自动监测，简称CEM。 3.2 连续监测系统continuous monitoring system, CMS 连续监测固定污染源烟气参数所需要的全部设备，简称CMS。 3.3 烟气排放连续监测系统continuous emission monitoring system, CEMS 连续监测固定污染源颗粒物和（或）气态污染物排放浓度和排放量所需要的全部设备，简称CEMS。 3.4 CEMS 的正常运行valid operation of CEMS 符合本标准的技术指标要求，在规定有效期内的运行，但不包括检测器污染、仪器故障、系统校准或系统未经定期校准、定期校验等期间的运行。 3.5 有效数据valid data 符合本标准的技术指标要求，经验收合格的CEMS，在固定污染源排放烟气条件下，CEMS 正常运行所测得的数据。 3.6 有效小时均值valid hourly average 整点1h 内不少于45min 的有效数据的算术平均值。 3.7 参比方法reference method 用于与CEMS 测量结果相比较的国家或行业发布的标准方法。 3.8 校验checkout/verification 用参比方法对CEMS（含取样系统、分析系统）检测结果进行相对准确度、相关系数、置信区间、允许区间、相对误差、绝对误差等的比对检测过程。 3.9 调试检测performance testing CEMS 安装、初调和至少正常连续运行168h 后，于技术验收前对CEMS 进行的校准和校验。 3.10 比对监测comparision testing 用参比方法对正常运行的CEMS 的准确度进行抽检。 3.11 系统响应时间response time 系统响应时间指从CEMS 系统采样探头通入标准气体的时刻起，到分析仪示值达到标准气体标称值90%的时刻止，中间的时间间隔。包括管线传输时间和仪表响应时间。 3.12 零点漂移zero drift 在仪器未进行维修、保养或调节的前提下，CEMS 按规定的时间运行后通入零点气体，仪器的读数与零点气体初始测量值之间的偏差相对于满量程的百分比。 3.13 量程漂移span drift 在仪器未进行维修、保养或调节的前提下，CEMS 按规定的时间运行后通入量程校准气体，仪器的读数与量程校准气体初始测量值之间的偏差相对于满量程的百分比。 3.14 相对准确度relative accuracy 采用参比方法与CEMS 同步测定烟气中气态污染物浓度，取同时间区间且相同状态的测量结果组成若干数据对，数据对之差的平均值的绝对值与置信系数之和与参比方法测定数据的平均值之比。 3.15 相关校准correlation calibration 采用参比方法与CEMS 同步测量烟气中颗粒物浓度，取同时间区间且相同状态的测量结果组成若干数据对，通过建立数据对之间的相关曲线，用参比方法校准颗粒物CEMS的过程。 3.16 速度场系数velocity field coefficient 参比方法与CEMS 同步测量烟气流速，参比方法测量的烟气平均流速与同时间区间且相同状态的CEMS 测量的烟气平均流速的比值。 4 固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统的组成和功能要求 CEMS 由颗粒物监测单元和（或）气态污染物监测单元、烟气参数监测单元、数据采集与处理单元组成。 CEMS 应当实现测量烟气中颗粒物浓度、气态污染物SO2 和（或）NOX 浓度，烟气参数（温度、压力、流速或流量、湿度、含氧量等），同时计算烟气中污染物排放速率和排放量，显示（可支持打印）和记录各种数据和参数，形成相关图表，并通过数据、图文等方式传输至管理部门等功能。输出参数计算应满足附录C 的要求。 对于氮氧化物监测单元，NO2 可以直接测量，也可通过转化炉转化为NO 后一并测量，但不允许只监测烟气中的NO。NO2 转换为NO 的效率应满足HJ 76 的要求。 5 固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统技术性能要求 满足HJ 76 中相关要求。 6 固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统监测站房要求 6.1 应为室外的CEMS 提供独立站房，监测站房与采样点之间距离应尽可能近，原则上不超过70m。 6.2 监测站房的基础荷载强度应≥2000kg/m2。若站房内仅放置单台机柜，面积应≥2.5×2.5m2。若同一站房放置多套分析仪表的，每增加一台机柜，站房面积应至少增加3m2，便于开展运维操作。站房空间高度应≥2.8m，站房建在标高≥0m 处。 6.3 监测站房内应安装空调和采暖设备，室内温度应保持在（15～30）℃，相对湿度应≤60%，空调应具有来电自动重启功能，站房内应安装排风扇或其他通风设施。 6.4 监测站房内配电功率能够满足仪表实际要求，功率不少于8 kW，至少预留三孔插座5个、稳压电源1 个、UPS 电源一个。 6.5 监测站房内应配备不同浓度的有证标准气体，且在有效期内。标准气体应当包含零气（即含二氧化硫、氮氧化物浓度均≤0.1μmol/mol 的标准气体，一般为高纯氮气，纯度≥99.999%；当测量烟气中二氧化碳时，零气中二氧化碳≤400μmol/mol，含有其他气体的浓度不得干扰仪器的读数）和CEMS 测量的各种气体（SO2、NOX、O2）的量程标气，以满足日常零点、量程校准、校验的需要。低浓度标准气体可由高浓度标准气体通过经校准合格的等比例稀释设备获得（精密度≤1%），也可单独配备。 6.6 监测站房应有必要的防水、防潮、隔热、保温措施，在特定场合还应具备防爆功能。 6.7 监测站房应具有能够满足CEMS 数据传输要求的通讯条件。 7 固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统安装要求 7.1 安装位置要求 7.1.1 一般要求 7.1.1.1 位于固定污染源排放控制设备的下游和比对监测断面上游； 7.1.1.2 不受环境光线和电磁辐射的影响； 7.1.1.3 烟道振动幅度尽可能小； 7.1.1.4 安装位置应尽量避开烟气中水滴和水雾的干扰，如不能避开，应选用能够适用的检测探头及仪器； 7.1.1.5 安装位置不漏风； 7.1.1.6 安装CEMS 的工作区域应设置一个防水低压配电箱，内设漏电保护器、不少于2个10A 插座，保证监测设备所需电力； 7.1.1.7 应合理布置采样平台与采样孔； a) 采样或监测平台长度应≥2m，宽度应≥2m 或不小于采样枪长度外延1m，周围设置1.2m 以上的安全防护栏，有牢固并符合要求的安全措施，便于日常维护（清洁光学镜头、检查和调整光路准直、检测仪器性能和更换部件等）和比对监测。 b) 采样或监测平台应易于人员和监测仪器到达，当采样平台设置在离地面高度≥2m的位置时，应有通往平台的斜梯（或Z 字梯、旋梯），宽度应≥0.9m；当采样平台设置在离地面高度≥20m 的位置时，应有通往平台的升降梯。 c) 当CEMS 安装在矩形烟道时，若烟道截面的高度＞4m，则不宜在烟道顶层开设参比方法采样孔；若烟道截面的宽度＞4m，则应在烟道两侧开设参比方法采样孔，并设置多层采样平台。 d) 在CEMS 监测断面下游应预留参比方法采样孔，采样孔位置和数目按照GB/T 16157 的要求确定。现有污染源参比方法采样孔内径应≥80mm，新建或改建污染源参比方法采样孔内径应≥90mm。在互不影响测量的前提下，参比方法采样孔应尽可能靠近CEMS 监测断面。当烟道为正压烟道或有毒气时，应采用带闸板阀的密封采样孔。 取样口 烟道 最短2m或采样枪长度 操作平台 操作平台宽度至少2m 操作平台 烟囱 采样枪长度 7.1.2 具体要求 7.1.2.1 应优先选择在垂直管段和烟道负压区域，确保所采集样品的代表性。 7.1.2.2 测定位置应避开烟道弯头和断面急剧变化的部位。对于圆形烟道，颗粒物CEMS和流速CMS，应设置在距弯头、阀门、变径管下游方向≥4 倍烟道直径，以及距上述部件上游方向≥2 倍烟道直径处；气态污染物CEMS，应设置在距弯头、阀门、变径管下游方向≥2 倍烟道直径，以及距上述部件上游方向≥0.5 倍烟道直径处。对于矩形烟道，应以当量直径计，其当量直径按式（1）计算。 （1） 式中：D——当量直径； A、B——边长。 7.1.2.3 对于新建排放源，采样平台应与排气装置同步设计、同步建设，确保采样断面满足本标准7.1.2.2 的要求；对于现有排放源，当无法找到满足7.1.2.2 的采样位置时，应尽可能选择在气流稳定的断面安装CEMS 采样或分析探头，并采取相应措施保证监测断面烟气分布相对均匀，断面无紊流。 对烟气分布均匀程度的判定采用相对均方根σr 法，当σr≤0.15 时视为烟气分布均匀，σr 按式（2）计算。 （2） 式中：σr——流速相对均方根； vi——测点烟气流速，m/s； ——截面烟气平均流速，m/s； n——截面上的速度测点数目，测点的选择按照GB/T 16157 执行。 7.1.2.4 为了便于颗粒物和流速参比方法的校验和比对监测，CEMS 不宜安装在烟道内烟气流速＜5m/s 的位置。 7.1.2.5 若一个固定污染源排气先通过多个烟道或管道后进入该固定污染源的总排气管时，应尽可能将CEMS 安装在总排气管上，但要便于用参比方法校验CEMS；不得只在其中的一个烟道或管道上安装CEMS，并将测定值作为该源的排放结果；但允许在每个烟道或管道上安装CEMS。 7.1.2.6 固定污染源烟气净化设备设置有旁路烟道时，应在旁路烟道内安装CEMS 或烟温、流量CMS。其安装、运行、维护、数据采集、记录和上传应符合本标准要求。 7.2 安装施工要求 7.2.1 CEMS 安装施工应符合GB 50093、GB 50168 的规定。 7.2.2 施工单位应熟悉CEMS 的原理、结构、性能，编制施工方案、施工技术流程图、设备技术文件、设计图样、监测设备及配件货物清单交接明细表、施工安全细则等有关文件。 7.2.3 设备技术文件应包括资料清单、产品合格证、机械结构、电气、仪表安装的技术说明书、装箱清单、配套件、外购件检验合格证和使用说明书等。 7.2.4 设计图样应符合技术制图、机械制图、电气制图、建筑结构制图等标准的规定。 7.2.5 设备安装前的清理、检查及保养应符合以下要求。 a) 按交货清单和安装图样明细表清点检查设备及零部件，缺损件应及时处理，更换补齐。 b) 运转部件如：取样泵、压缩机、监测仪器等，滑动部位均需清洗、注油润滑防护。 c) 因运输造成变形的仪器、设备的结构件应校正，并重新涂刷防锈漆及表面油漆，保养完毕后应恢复原标记。 7.2.6 现场端连接材料（垫片、螺母、螺栓、短管、法兰等）为焊件组对成焊时，壁（板）的错边量应符合以下要求： a) 管子或管件对口、内壁齐平，最大错边量≥1 mm； b) 采样孔的法兰与连接法兰几何尺寸极限偏差不超过±5 mm，法兰端面的垂直度极限偏差≤0.2%； c) 采用透射法原理颗粒物监测仪器发射单元和颗粒物监测仪反射单元，测量光束从发射孔的中心出射到对面中心线相叠合的极限偏差≤0.2%。 7.2.7 从探头到分析仪的整条采样管线的铺设应采用桥架或穿管等方式，保证整条管线具有良好的支撑。管线倾斜度≥5º，防止管线内积水，在每隔4～5 m 处装线卡箍。当使用伴热管线时应具备稳定、均匀加热和保温的功能；其设置加热温度≥120℃，且应高于烟气露点温度10℃以上，其实际温度值应能够在机柜或系统软件中显示查询。 7.2.8 电缆桥架安装应满足最大直径电缆的最小弯曲半径要求。电缆桥架的连接应采用连接片。配电套管应采用钢管和PVC 管材质配线管，其弯曲半径应满足最小弯曲半径要求。 7.2.9 应将动力与信号电缆分开敷设，保证电缆通路及电缆保护管的密封，自控电缆应符合输入和输出分开、数字信号和模拟信号分开的配线和敷设的要求。 7.2.10 安装精度和连接部件坐标尺寸应符合技术文件和图样规定。监测站房仪器应排列整齐，监测仪器顶平直度和平面度应不大于5mm，监测仪器牢固固定，可靠接地。二次接线正确、牢固可靠，配导线的端部应标明回路编号。配线工艺整齐，绑扎牢固，绝缘性好。 7.2.11 各连接管路、法兰、阀门封口垫圈应牢固完整，均不得有漏气、漏水现象。保持所有管路畅通，保证气路阀门、排水系统安装后应畅通和启闭灵活。自动监测系统空载运行24h 后，管路不得出现脱落、渗漏、振动强烈现象。 7.2.12 反吹气应为干燥清洁气体，反吹系统应进行耐压强度试验，试验压力为常用工作压力的1.5 倍。 7.2.13 电气控制和电气负载设备的外壳防护应符合GB 4208 的技术要求，户内达到防护等级IP24 级，户外达到防护等级IP54 级。 7.2.14 防雷、绝缘要求 a) 系统仪器设备的工作电源应有良好的接地措施，接地电缆应采用大于4 mm2 的独芯护套电缆，接地电阻小于4Ω，且不能和避雷接地线共用。 b) 平台、监测站房、交流电源设备、机柜、仪表和设备金属外壳、管缆屏蔽层和套管的防雷接地，可利用厂内区域保护接地网，采用多点接地方式。厂区内不能提供接地线或提供的接地线达不到要求的，应在子站附近重做接地装置。 c) 监测站房的防雷系统应符合GB 50057 的规定。电源线和信号线设防雷装置。 d) 电源线、信号线与避雷线的平行净距离≥1 m，交叉净距离≥0.3 m（见图2）。 e) 由烟囱或主烟道上数据柜引出的数据信号线要经过避雷器引入监测站房，应将避雷器接地端同站房保护地线可靠连接。 f) 信号线为屏蔽电缆线，屏蔽层应有良好绝缘，不可与机架、柜体发生摩擦、打火，屏蔽层两端及中间均需做接地连接（见图3）。