标准编号:	GJB 2294A-2014
中文名称:	航空用不锈钢及耐热钢棒规范
英文名称:	Specification for stainless and heat-resisting steel bars for aviation
行业分类:	GJB    国家军用行业标准
发布机构:	中国人民解放军总装备部
发布日期:	2014-10-21
实施日期:	2015-1-31
标准状态:	valid
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	18000 字
翻译价格(元):	1460.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This specification replaces GJB 2294-1995 Specification for stainless and heat-resisting steel bars for aviation. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GJB 2294-1995: a) The separate smelt method of the electric arc furnace is canceled; b) New method for representing grades is adopted, and the comparison between new and old grades is added; c) The grade 12Cr17Mn9Ni4N and relevant technical requirements are added; d) The two grades of precipitation hardening stainless steel, 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb and 0Cr17Ni7Al, as well as relevant technical requirements are deleted; e) The grades of 2Cr3WMoV pearlitic heat-resistant steel and relevant technical requirements are deleted; f) The inspection types and qualification levels of nonmetallic inclusions are modified; g) The inspection methods and qualification levels of macrostructure of electroslag remelting steel are modified; h) The re-inspection and judgment rules are modified. This specification was proposed by the Electronic Information Base Department of the General Armaments Department of the PLA. This specification was issued in May 1995 for the first time. Specification for stainless and heat-resisting steel bars for aviation 1 Scope This specification specifies the requirements for stainless and heat-resisting steel bars for aviation. This specification is applicable to forged, rolled, cold-drawn and silvery stainless and heat-resisting steel bars for aviation whose sectional dimensions (diameter, side length or distance across flats) are not more than 250mm. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this specification. For dated reference, subsequent amendments (excluding corrections), or revisions, of any of these publications do not apply to this specification. However parties to agreements based on this specification are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references or references with version not indicated, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. GB/T 222 Permissible tolerances for chemical composition of steel products GB/T 223.3 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The diantipyrylmethane phosphomolybdate gravimetric method for the determination of phosphorus content GB/T 223.4 Alloyed steel - Determination of manganese content - Potentiometric or visual titration method GB/T 223.5 Steel and iron - Determination of acid-soluble silicon and total silicon content - Reduced molybdosilicate spectrophotometric method GB/T 223.8 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy－The sodium fluoride separation-EDTA titration method for the determination of aluminium content GB/T 223.11 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of chromium content - Visual titration or potentiometric titration method GB/T 223.13 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy－The ammonium ferrous sulfate titration method for the determination of vanadium content GB/T 223.14 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy－The N-benzoy-N-phenylhydroxylamine extraction photometric method for the determination of vanadium content GB/T 223.16 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The chromotropic acid photometric method for the determination of titanium content GB/T 223.17 Methods for chemical analysis of iron steel and alloy - The diantipyrylmethane photometric method for the determination of titanium content GB/T 223.25 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The dimethylglyoxime gravimetric method for the determination of nickel content GB/T 223.26 Iron steel and alloy - Determination of molybdenum content - The thiocyanate spectrophotometric method GB/T 223.36 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The neutral titration method for the determination of nitrogen content after distillation separation GB/T 223.40 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of niobium content by the sulphochlorophenol S spectrophotometric method GB/T 223.43 Iron steel and alloy - Determination of tungsten content - Gravimetric method and spectrophotometric method GB/T 223.58 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The sodium arsenite-sodium nitrite titrimetric method for the determination of manganese content GB/T 223.59 Iron steel and alloy - Determination of phosphorus content - Bismuth phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometric method and antimony phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometric method GB/T 223.60 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The perchloric acid dehydration gravimetric method for the determination of silicon content GB/T 223.61 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The ammonium phosphomolybdate volumetric method for the determination of phosphorus content GB/T 223.62 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The butyl acetate extraction photometric method for the determination of phosphorus content GB/T 223.63 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The sodium (potassium) periodate photometric method for the determination of manganese content GB/T 223.64 Iron steel and alloyed - Determination of manganese content - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method GB/T 223.67 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of sulfur content - Methylene blue spectrophotometric method GB/T 223.68 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The potassium iodate titration method after combustion in the pipe furnace for the determination of sulfur content GB/T 223.69 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of carbon contents - Gas-volumetric method after combustion in the pipe furnace GB/T 223.71 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The gravimetric method after combustion in the pipe furnace for the determination of carbon content GB/T 223.72 Iron steel and alloy - Determination of sulfur content - Gravimetric method GB/T 226 Test method for macrostructure and defect of steel by etching GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method GB/T 230.1 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method GB/T 231.1 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method GB/T 702-2008 Hot-rolled steel bars - Dimensions, shape, weight and tolerances GB/T 905-1994 Dimension, shape, weight and tolerance for cold-drawn round, square and hexagonal steels GB/T 908-2008 Forged bars - Dimensions shape weight and tolerances GB/T 1979 Standard diagrams for macrostructure and defect of structural steels GB/T 2101 General requirement of acceptance, packaging, marking, and certification for section steel GB/T 2975 Steel and steel products - Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical testing GB/T 3207-2008 Bright steel GB/T 4162-2008 Forged and rolled steel bars - Method for ultrasonic testing GB/T 4226-2009 Cold finished stainless steel bar GB/T 4334-2008 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Test methods for intergranular corrosion of stainless steels GB/T 6394 Metal-methods for estimating the average grain size GB/T 10121 Steel products - Method for magnetic particle inspection of tower sample GB/T 10561-2005 Steel - Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions - Micrographic method using standards diagrams GB/T 11170 Stainless steel - Determination of multi-element contents - Spark discharge atomic emission spectrometric method (routine method) GB/T 15711 Steel products－Method for etch test of tower sample GB/T 20066 Steel and iron - Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition GB/T20123 Steel and iron - Determination of total carbon and sulfur content - Infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace (routine method) GB/T 20124 Steel and iron - Determination of nitrogen content - Thermal conductimetric method after fusion in a current of inert gas (routine method) GB/T 20878 Stainless and heat-resisting steels - Designation and chemical composition YB/T 4402-2014 Micrographic method for determining content of δ-ferrite in martensitic stainless steel YB/T 5293 Metallic materials - Forging test ASTM A604 Standard practice for macroetch testing of consumable electrode remelted steel bars and billets 3 Requirements 3.1 Smelting method The steel shall be smelted by using electric arc furnace + secondary refining, electric arc furnace + secondary refining + electroslag remelting, or non-vacuum induction furnace + electroslag remelting. As agreed upon between the supplier and the demander, other smelting methods may also be adopted. The specific smelting method shall be indicated in the contract. 3.2 Grades and chemical compositions 3.2.1 The grades and chemical compositions (melting analysis) of steel shall meet those specified in Table 1.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Requirements 4 Quality assurance requirements 5 Preparation for delivery 6 Instructions

航空用不锈钢及耐热钢棒规范 1 范围 本规范规定了航空用不锈钢及耐热钢棒的要求。 本规范适用于航空用截面尺寸（直径、边长或对边距离）不大于250mm锻制、轧制、冷拉和银亮不锈钢及耐热钢棒。 2 引用文件 下列文件中的有关条款通过引用而成为本规范的条款。凡是注日期或版次的引用文件，其后的任何修改单（不包括勘误的内容）或修订版本都不适用于本规范，但提倡使用本规范的各方探讨使用其最新版本的可能性。凡不注日期或版次的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本规范。 GB/T 222 钢的成品化学成分允许偏差 GB/T 223.3 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 二安替吡啉甲烷磷钼酸重量法测定磷量 GB/T 223.4 钢铁及合金 锰含量的测定 电位滴定或可视滴定法 GB/T 223.5 钢铁 酸溶硅和全硅含量的测定 还原型硅钼酸盐分光光度法 GB/T 223.8 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 氟化钠分离—EDTA滴定法测定铝含量 GB/T 223.11 钢铁及合金 铬含量的测定 可视滴定或电位滴定法 GB/T 223.13 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定钒含量 GB/T 223.14 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 钽试剂萃取光度法测定钒含量 GB/T 223.16 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 变色酸光度法测定钛量 GB/T 223.17 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 二安替吡啉甲烷光度法测定钛量 GB/T 223.25 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 丁二酮肟重量法测定镍量 GB/T 223.26 钢铁及合金 钼含量的测定 硫氰酸盐分光光度法 GB/T 223.36 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 蒸馏分离—中和滴定法测定氮量 GB/T 223.40 钢铁及合金 铌含量的测定 氯磺酚S分光光度法 GB/T 223.43 钢铁及合金 钨含量的测定重量法和分光光度法 GB/T 223.58 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 亚砷酸钠—亚硝酸钠滴定法测定锰量 GB/T 223.59 钢铁及合金 磷含量的测定 铋磷钼蓝分光光度法和锑磷钼蓝分光光度法 GB/T 223.60 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 高氯酸脱水重量法测定硅含量 GB/T 223.61 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 磷钼酸铵容量法测定磷量 GB/T 223.62 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 乙酸丁酯萃取光度法测定磷量 GB/T 223.63 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 高碘酸钠（钾）光度法测定锰量 GB/T 223.64 钢铁及合金 锰含量的测定 火焰原子吸收光谱法 GB/T 223.67 钢铁及合金 硫含量的测定 次甲基蓝分光光度法 GB/T 223.68 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 管式炉内燃烧后碘酸钾滴定法测定硫含量 GB/T 223.69 钢铁及合金 碳含量的测定 管式炉内燃烧后气体容量法 GB/T 223.71 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 管式炉内燃烧后重量法测定碳含量 GB/T 223.72 钢铁及合金 硫含量的测定 重量法 GB/T 226 钢的低倍组织及缺陷酸蚀检验法 GB/T 228.1 金属材料 拉伸试验 第1部分：室温试验方法 GB/T 229 金属材料 夏比摆锤冲击试验方法 GB/T 230.1 金属洛氏硬度试验 第1部分：试验方法 GB/T 231.1 金属布氏硬度试验 第1部分：试验方法 GB/T 702—2008 热轧钢棒尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差 GB/T 905—1994 冷拉圆钢、方钢、六角钢尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差 GB/T 908—2008 锻制钢棒尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差 GB/T 1979 结构钢低倍组织缺陷评级图 GB/T 2101 型钢验收、包装、标志及质量证明书的一般规定 GB/T 2975 钢及钢产品 力学性能试验取样位置及试样制备 GB/T 3207—2008 银亮钢 GB/T 4162—2008 锻轧钢棒超声波检测方法 GB/T 4226—2009 不锈钢冷加工钢棒 GB/T 4334—2008金属和合金的腐蚀 不锈钢晶间腐蚀试验方法 GB/T 6394 金属平均晶粒度测定法 GB/T 10121 钢材塔形发纹磁粉检验方法 GB/T 10561—2005 钢中非金属夹杂物含量的测定—标准评级图显微检验法 GB/T 11170 不锈钢 多元素含量的测定 火花放电原子发射光谱法（常规法） GB/T 15711 钢材塔形发纹酸浸检验方法 GB/T 20066 钢和铁 化学成分测定用试样的取样和制样方法 GB/T20123钢铁 总碳硫含量的测定 高频感应炉燃烧后红外吸收法（常规方法） GB/T 20124 钢铁 氮含量的测定 惰性气体熔融热导法（常规方法） GB/T 20878 不锈钢和耐热钢 牌号及化学成分 YB/T 4402—2014 马氏体不锈钢中δ铁素体含量金相测定法 YB/T 5293 金属材料 顶锻试验方法 ASTM A604 重熔钢棒、钢坯低倍组织缺陷评级图 3 要求 3.1 冶炼方法 钢应采用电弧炉+炉外精炼、电弧炉＋炉外精炼＋电渣重熔或非真空感应炉＋电渣重熔方法冶炼。经供需双方协商，也可采用其他方法冶炼。具体冶炼方法应在合同中注明。 3.2 牌号和化学成分 3.2.1 钢的牌号和化学成分（熔炼分析）应符合表1的规定。 表1 牌号及化学成分 类型 编号 新牌号 旧牌号 化学成分（质量分数），% C Si Mn P S Cr Ni W Mo V 其他 奥氏 体型 奥氏体 -铁素 体型 铁素 体型 马氏 体型 马氏 体型 根据需方要求，对残余元素可加以限制或提供实测数据。 注：本规范同一牌号的化学成分与GB／T 20878作了相应的调整。 a允许残余元素含量：Ti≤0.50％，Mo≤0.30％。 b除专用外，一般情况不推荐使用1Cr18Ni9Ti。 c允许残余元素含量Ni≤0.60％。 d作转动件用电渣重熔钢S≤0.015％。 3.2.2 钢棒化学成分允许偏差应符合GB/T 222的规定。 3.3 交货状态 3.3.1 钢棒一般以热处理或冷拉状态交货。热处理状态交货钢棒的硬度应符合表2的规定，冷拉状态钢棒的硬度由供需双方协商规定。 表2 交货状态及硬度 类型 编号 新牌号 旧牌号 交货状态 硬度值HBW 奥氏体型 1—1 06Cr18Ni9 0Cr18Ni9 固溶 ≤187 1—2 12Cr18Ni9 1Cr18Ni9 固溶 ≤187 1—3 17Cr18Ni9 2Cr18Ni9 固溶 协议 1—4 — 1Cr18Ni9Ti 固溶 ≤l87 1—5 06Cr18Ni10Ti 0Cr18Ni10Ti 固溶 ≤187 1—6 022Cr19Ni10 00CH9Ni10 固溶 ≤l87 1—7 06Cr18Ni11Nb 0Cr18Ni11Nb 固溶 ≤187 1—8 14Cr23Ni18 1Cr23Ni18 固溶 协议 1—9 24Cr18Ni8W2 2Cr18Ni8W2 退火(820℃，保温不少于2h，空冷) ≤277 1—10 20Cr13Mn9Ni4 2Cr13Mn9Ni4 固溶 协议 1—11 45Cr14Ni14W2Mo 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo 退火(820℃，保温不少于5h，空冷) 197～285 1—12 12Cr18Mn8Ni5N 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N 固溶 ≤207 1—13 12Cr17Mn9Ni4N 1Cr17Mn9Ni4N 固溶 协议 奥氏体 -铁素体型 2—1 12Cr21Ni5Ti 1Cr21Ni5Ti 固溶 协议 2—2 14Cr18Ni11Si4A1Ti 1Cr18Ni11Si4A1Ti 固溶 协议 铁素体型 3—1 10Cr17 1Cr17 退火 ≤183 马氏 体型 4—1 12Cr13 1Cr13 退火 ≤170 4—2 20Cr13 2Cr13 退火 ≤187 4—3 30Cr13 3Cr13 退火 ≤207 4—4 40Cr13 4Cr13 退火 ≤229 4—5 95Cr18 9Cr18 退火 ≤269 4—6 Cr12MoV 1Cr12MoV 退火 207～255 4—7 Y25Cr13Ni2 Y2Cr13Ni2 退火 207～285 4—8 14Cr17Ni2 1Cr17Ni2 退火(680℃，保温不少于5h) ≤285 4—9 40Cr10Si2Mo 4Cr10Si2Mo 退火(1020℃±20℃，保温不少于1h，随炉冷却至750℃，保温3h～4h，空冷) 197～269 4—10 13Cr11Ni2W2MoV 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV 退火 197～269 4—11 14Cr12Ni2WMoVNb 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb 退火 ≤321 3.3.2 钢棒的表面状态应在合同中注明。未注明时，压力加工用热轧或锻制钢棒按酸洗或喷砂表面供货；切削加工用热轧或锻制钢棒按轧制或锻制表面供货；冷拉或冷拉后热处理钢棒按冷拉表面供货。 3.4 力学性能 3.4.1 在交货状态的钢棒上切取试样毛坯，经热处理后制成试样测定力学性能应符合表3的规定。对固溶状态交货的钢棒，其试样毛坯可不再进行固溶处理。