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This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by China Special Equipment Inspection & Research Institute.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Boilers and Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 262).
Introduction
Burner is the core unit of heat device, and is a mechatronic product integrating combustion, thermal engineering, fluid, control and monitoring technologies. It is composed of fuel supply system, air supply system, ignition system, combustion system, automatic regulating system and safety and control system, and is widely used in fields of petrochemical industry, building materials, electric power and other industrial and civil fields. In recent years, China's burner industry has developed rapidly with diversified fuels. This standard is formulated for the purpose of standardizing the design, manufacture, test and use of burners, so that burners can meet the basic requirements of safety, energy saving and environmental protection.
Specification for liquid fuels and gaseous fuels burners of boilers
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical requirements on the classification and model designation, composition and basic configuration, basic requirements, performance requirements, design and manufacture, inspection, test and detection, technical documents and identification, packaging, transportation and storage, as well as installation, debugging and use of liquid fuels and gaseous fuels burners of boilers.
This standard is applicable to forced draught burners and natural ventilation burners using liquid fuels and gaseous fuels for boilers. Start-up burners of utility boilers, various industrial kilns, industrial heating furnaces and burners for other purposes can be implemented with reference to this standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1184 Geometrical tolerancing - Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications
GB/T 1804 General tolerances - Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications
GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 6414 Castings - Dimensional tolerances and geometrical tolerances and machining allowances
GB/T 13384 General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical product
GB/T 13611 Classification and basic characteristics of city gas
GB/T 14486-2008 Dimensional tolerances for moulded plastic parts
GB/T 14536.1 Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 14536.6 Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use - Particular requirements for automatic electrical burner control systems
GB/T 14536.7 Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use - Particular requirements for automatic electrical pressure sensing controls including mechanical requirements
GB 16663 Alcohol base liquid fuel
GB 18613 Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for small and medium three-phase asynchronous motors
GB/T 19212.4 Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and combinations thereof - Part 4: Particular requirements and tests for ignition transformers for gas and oil burners
GB 19517 National safety technical code for electric equipment
GB/T 19804 Welding - General tolerances for welded constructions - Dimensions for lengths and angles - Shape and position
GB/T 24146 Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for use in oil burners - Specification
GB 25989 Fuel oils for burners
GB/T 30597 General requirements of safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances
JB/T 10562 Technical specification for general purposes axial fans
JB/T 10563 Technical specification for general purposes centrifugal fans
TSG G0001 Boiler safety technical supervision administration regulation
ISO 23551-1 Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances - Particular requirements - Part 1: Automatic and semi-automatic valves
ISO 23551-2 Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances - Particular requirements - Part 2: Pressure regulators
ISO 23551-3 Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances - Particular requirements - Part 3: Gas/air ratio controls, pneumatic type
ISO 23551-4 Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances - Particular requirements - Part 4: Valve-proving systems for automatic shut-off valves
ISO 23552-1 Safety and control devices for gas and/or oil burners and gas and/or oil appliances - Particular requirements - Part 1: Fuel/air ratio controls, electronic type
ISO 23553-1 Safety and control devices for oil burners and oil-burning appliances - Particular requirements - Part 1: Automatic and semi-automatic valves
IEC 60335-2-102 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-102: Particular requirements for gas, oil and solid-fuel burning appliances having electrical connections
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
forced draught burner
burner for which all the air required for combustion is supplied by a blower
3.2
natural ventilation burner
burner for which the air required for combustion depends entirely on the negative pressure suction of the furnace
3.3
liquid fuel
liquid combustible substance that can generate heat energy when burning
Note: Liquid fuels referred to in this standard include light oil, heavy oil, alcohol-based fuel and bio-oil.
3.4
bio-oil
liquid fuel extracted from biomass
3.5
gaseous fuel
gaseous combustible substance that can generate heat energy when burning
Note: Gaseous fuels referred to in this standard include natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coke oven gas, mixed city gas, biomass gas, low calorific value gas, combustible industrial tail gas, hydrogen and biogas, etc.
3.6
biomass pyrolysis gas
combustible gas with low calorific value produced by pyrolysis of biomass solid fuel
3.7
dual fuel burner
burner capable of burning liquid and/or gaseous fuels simultaneously or separately
3.8
surface burner
fully premixed burner with fuel burning on the surface of porous medium
3.9
heat output
heat energy generated by a burner in unit time
Note: The heat output referred to in this standard is calculated based on the net calorific value of fuels, and expressed in kW.
3.10
nominal heat output
heat released from the continuous and stable combustion of a burner in unit time under rated working conditions
Note: The nominal heat output is expressed by QF in kW.
3.11
maximum heat output
maximum heat released from the continuous and stable combustion of a burner in unit time under design conditions
Note: The maximum heat output is expressed by Q max in kW.
3.12
minimum heat output
minimum heat released from the continuous and stable combustion of a burner in unit time under design conditions
Note: The minimum heat output is expressed by Q min in kW.
3.13
start heat output
heat output of a burner on startup
Note: The start heat output is expressed by Q s in kW.
3.14
single stage control
the heat output of a burner is uncontrollable during its normal operation
3.15
two and multi-stage control
control mode in which the heat output is in step change during normal operation of a burner
3.16
modulating control
control mode in which the heat output is in continuous and smooth change during normal operation of a burner
3.17
turndown ratio of load
ratio of the maximum heat output to the minimum heat output of a burner
3.18
flame detector device
device for monitoring the presence of flames
3.19
main flame
flame burning on the main combustion nozzle
3.20
ignition flame
flame ignited first for igniting a main flame
3.21
controlled shut-down
process of automatic cutout of fuel supply to realize shutdown when the burner does not need heat supply
3.22
safety shut-down
process of automatic cutout of fuel supply to realize shutdown when the safety device responds or the automatic control system fails
3.23
pre-ignition time
time interval from the start of discharge from the ignition electrode to the opening of fuel valve
Note: The pre-ignition time is expressed by ty in s.
3.24
ignition safety time
ignition safety time of the ignition flame of a burner, that is, the time interval from getting the opening signal to getting the closing signal by the ignition fuel control valve when no ignition flame is formed
Note: The ignition safety time is expressed by ts in s.
3.25
main flame safety time
ignition safety time of the main flame of a burner, that is, the time interval from getting the opening signal to getting the closing signal by the main fuel control valve when no main flame is formed
Note: The main flame safety time is expressed by tzs in s.
3.26
extinction safety time
time interval from the flame extinction signal that the flame detection device sends out to the start of closing the safety shut-off valve when the burner is operating
Note: The extinction safety time is expressed by te in s.
3.27
pre-purge time
continuous purge time of a burner when the ventilation door is at the purging position before ignition of the burner
Note: The pre-purge time is expressed by t q in s.
3.28
post-purge time
continuous purge time of a burner when the ventilation door is at the purge position before the burner shut-down
Note: The post-purge time is expressed by t h in s.
3.29
pre-purge air flow rate
purge air flow of the fan before ignition of the burner
Note: The pre-purge air flow rate is expressed by fq in m3/h.
3.30
excess air ratio
ratio of actual air supply volume to theoretical air volume during combustion
3.31
working diagram
relationship curve between combustion chamber pressure and heat output, of which the covering area is the designed working range of a burner
3.32
original emission
emission concentration of combustion products without any treatment, measured under type test conditions
Note: The original emission concentration is converted according to the oxygen content in flue gas being 3.5%, and it is expressed in mg/m3.
3.33
in service burner modification
behavior of making significant changes to the fuel type, internal structure and combustion mode of the in service burner
4 Classification and model designation
4.1 Classification
Burners are classified as follows according to the type of fuels used, the control mode, the air supply mode, the atomization mode and the structural type:
a) according to the type of fuels used, there is liquid fuel burner, gaseous fuel burner and dual- and multi-fuel burner;
b) according to the control mode, there is single stage control burner, two and multi-stage control burner and modulating control burner;
c) according to the air supply mode of combustion air, there is forced draught burner and natural ventilation burner;
d) according to the atomization mode of liquid fuel, the liquid fuel burner is divided into mechanical atomizing burner and medium atomizing burner;
e) according to the structural type, there is integrated burner and split burner.
4.2 Model designation
4.2.1 The product model of burner is composed of four parts which are connected by a dash, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram for the composition of burner product model
4.2.2 The codes of components of the burner product model shall meet the following requirements:
a) product serial code: representing the product series of different manufacturers and brands, which is determined by manufacturing units according to the structure or performance characteristics of their products, and expressed in capital Chinese phonetic alphabet;
b) code of fuel type: representing the fuel type applicable to burners, with single fuel expressed by one capital letter, and dual fuel or multiple fuel expressed by two letters or more which are separated by "/". See Table 1 for the code of fuel type;
c) code of control mode: representing the control mode of the burner heat output, which is expressed by one capital letter. See Table 2;
d) code of air supply mode: representing the air supply mode of combustion air, which is expressed by one capital letter. See Table 3;
e) rated power: representing the nominal heat output of the burner under design conditions, which is expressed by Arabic numerals, in MW;
f) feature code: used to distinguish improved model based on conventional products or special products with special design, which is expressed by 1 ~ 2 letters or numbers. The feature code can be defaulted.
Table 1 Code of fuel type
Fuel type Fuel code
Liquid fuel Light oil Y
Heavy oil Z
Alcohol-based fuel C
Bio-oil S
Gaseous fuel Natural gas Q
Liquefied petroleum gas P
Coke oven gas J
Mixed city gas R
Low calorific value gasa L
Combustible industrial tail gas W
Hydrogen H
Biogas B
a Low calorific value gas includes blast furnace gas, converter gas, generator gas and biomass pyrolysis gas.
Table 2 Code of control mode
Control mode of heat output Code
Single stage control K
Two and multi-stage control D
Mechanical modulating control M
Electronic modulating control E
Table 3 Code of air supply mode
Air supply mode Code
Forced draught F
Natural ventilation N
4.2.3 Model example:
a) For a company's H series gaseous fuel burner with natural gas as fuel, nominal heat output of 2.0 MW, in mechanical modulating control and natural ventilation, its model is marked as H-QMN-2.0;
b) For a company’s LN series dual-oil-and-gaseous burner with natural gas and heavy oil as fuel, nominal heat output of 28MW, in electronic modulating control and forced draught, it shall be designed for a second time on the basis of the original design and its model is marked as LN-Q/ZEF-28.0-2.
5 Composition and basic configuration
5.1 Composition
5.1.1 The burner consists of burner body, air supply system, fuel supply system, ignition device, safety protection system and load control system.
5.1.2 The burner body is composed of the burner head and shell.
5.1.3 The air supply system is composed of fan, air duct and air flow regulating device.
5.1.4 The fuel supply system includes:
a) The liquid fuel burner consists of a filter, a fuel pump, a fuel flow regulating device and an automatic safety shut-off valve. The fuel supply system of liquid burners using high viscosity liquid fuel shall also include fuel preheating device and temperature control device.
b) The gaseous fuel burner consists of a filter, a fuel gas pressure regulator, a fuel flow regulating device and an automatic safety shut-off valve.
5.1.5 The ignition device is composed of ignition transformer and ignition electrode, etc.
5.1.6 The safety protection system includes:
a) The liquid fuel burner is composed of automatic controller, flame detector device, air pressure detector device, fuel pressure detector device and driving elements of fuel/air flow regulating device, etc.
b) The gaseous fuel burner is composed of automatic controller, valve leakage detecting device, flame detector device, air pressure detector device, high and low pressure fuel protection devices and driving elements of fuel/air flow regulating device, etc.
5.1.7 The load control system is composed of servo motor, mechanical linkage device or electronic proportional regulating device, etc.
5.2 Basic configuration
5.2.1 Basic requirements
The configuration of burner is related to factors such as fuel type and combustion mode, and its basic configuration is shown in Annex A.
5.2.2 Automatic safety shut-off valve for liquid fuel burners
5.2.2.1 For liquid fuel burners with nominal heat output ≤ 400kW, the automatic safety shut-off valve shall be arranged in accordance with the requirements of Figures B.1~B.4 in Annex B. The specific requirements are as follows:
a) a single stage control burner shall be provided with a safety shut-off valve, as shown in Figure B.1;
b) each nozzle of a two and multi-stage control burner shall be provided with a safety shut-off valve, as shown in Figure B.2;
c) for burners with backflow nozzles, a safety shut-off valve shall be installed and linked together on the fuel supply pipe and the fuel backflow pipe respectively. The safety shut-off valve can be replaced by a nozzle shut-off valve, as shown in Figures B.3 and B.4.
5.2.2.2 For liquid fuel burners with nominal heat output >400kW, two series-connected automatic safety shut-off valves shall be installed on the fuel pipe. The upstream safety shut-off valve shall be of quick-closing type, and the downstream safety shut-off valve can be used as a flow regulating valve at the same time. The time of closing action of the valve shall not exceed 5s. The automatic safety shut-off valve shall be arranged according to the requirements of Figures B.5~B.7, and the specific requirements are as follows:
a) a two and multi-stage control burner shall be provided with two safety shut-off valves per nozzle, as shown in Figure B.5;
b) for burners with backflow-type nozzles, two safety shut-off valves shall be installed on the fuel supply pipe and the fuel backflow pipe. One safety shut-off valve can be replaced by a nozzle shut-off valve, which shall meet the requirements of ISO 23553-1. A pressure detector device shall be installed on the backflow pipe, which is shown in Figures B.6 and B.7. The safety shut-off valve shall be linked. When the safety shut-off valve on the fuel supply pipe is opened, the safety shut-off valve on the backflow pipe cannot be closed. This can be achieved by the following two methods:
1) a mechanical connection controlled by an actuator between the supply pipe and the safety shut-off valve on the backflow pipe;
2) there is an(a) electric or pneumatic interlock between the supply pipe and the safety shut-off valve on the backflow pipe.
If the burner is equipped with circulating preheating nozzle head, the fuel shall be circulated to the nozzle head. When there is only one nozzle shut-off valve, the nozzle shut-off valve shall meet the requirements of ISO 23553-1; otherwise other measures shall be taken to ensure that the fuel will not be ejected during cyclic heating. At the same time, it shall also ensure that the backflow pressure will not cause the nozzle shut-off valve opened.
5.2.3 Automatic safety shut-off valve for gaseous fuel burner
The configuration of automatic safety shut-off valve for gaseous fuel burners shall meet the following requirements:
a) two automatic safety shut-off valves shall be installed in series for gas fuel burners;
b) the configuration of automatic safety shut-off valve for gaseous fuel burners is shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Configuration of automatic safety shut-off valve
Nominal heat output of main burner QF
kW Main fuel gas Start fuel gas
≤0.1QF >0.1QF
≤70 2×B Ba 2×B
>70~1,200 2×A 2×A 2×A
>1,200 2×A+VP 2×Ab 2×Ab
Note 1: VP is the valve leakage detecting device.
Note 2: A/B is the classification of valves, as specified in ISO 23551-1.
a For liquefied petroleum gas ignition, two B-class valves are required.
b If the start heat output is more than 1,200kW, VP shall be used.
5.2.4 Flame detector device
The arrangement of the flame detector device shall meet the following requirements:
a) The installation location of the flame detector device shall ensure that the sensor is not interfered by any irrelevant signals.
b) When the ignition burner and the main burner are respectively equipped with flame detector device: The flame detector device of the main flame shall not be able to detect the ignition flame. For the system where the ignition burner is still operating while the main burner is operating, independent flame detector devices shall be installed to detect the ignition flame and the main flame respectively.
c) For the burner where the ignition burner has been extinguished while the main burner is operating, only one flame detector device which can detect the ignition flame and the main flame may be installed.
5.2.5 Air detector device
The burner shall be equipped with an air detector device, which can detect the air flow through pressure detection, flow detection and other measurement methods that can reflect the air supply status to detect the air flow.
5.2.6 Valve leakage detecting device
Gaseous fuel burners with nominal heat output greater than 1,200 kW shall be equipped with valve leakage detecting devices.
6 Basic requirements
6.1 Conformance claims
This standard is developed in accordance with the basic safety requirements for liquid and gaseous burners specified in TSG G0001.
6.2 Manufacturing unit
The manufacturing unit of burners shall have the following conditions at the same time:
a) production equipment and site adapted to the scale of production;
b) basic test and detection equipment for burners;
c) technical personnel and professional debugging personnel related to the disciplines of thermal energy and electrical control;
d) sound quality management system and corresponding management system.
6.3 Professional personnel
Relevant professional personnel of burner manufacture, installation, debugging, maintenance and modification shall have professional knowledge related to thermal energy and electrical control, and be familiar with operation and debugging process.
6.4 Type test
6.4.1 The type test shall be carried out in any of the following cases:
a) newly designed burner;
b) when there is any change of the type of fuel used by the burner or the structure and program control mode of the burner;
c) more than 4 years after type test for burner.
6.4.2 The type test shall be carried out by the inspection and testing institutions which have the qualification of burner type test and approved by the national special equipment safety supervision department.
6.5 Inspection after in service burner modification
Inspection shall be carried out after the in service burner modification, and the inspection institution shall have the corresponding qualification for metrological certification.
7 Performance requirements
7.1 Safety requirements
7.1.1 Start
The following conditions shall be met in terms of starting of burner:
a) the interlocking device is installed at the correct location;
b) the fuel and air regulating device is at the correct location;
c) the function of flame detector device is correct after verification;
d) the function of air detector device is correct after verification;
e) the function of valve-detection is correct after verification;
f) the preheating temperature of fuel has met the requirements;
g) the pressure of the atomizing medium has met the requirements;
h) the start conditions of the boiler meet the requirements.
7.1.2 Pre-purge
7.1.2.1 The boiler chamber shall be purged before the ignition device is powered on.
7.1.2.2 The pre-purge time and pre-purge air flow rate shall meet the following requirements:
a) The pre-purge air flow rate shall be the required air volume under nominal heat output, and the position of the throttle shall be verified at the nominal heat output;
b) The pre-purge time and pre-purge air flow rate shall meet the relevant requirements of TSG G0001.
c) The pre-purge time of liquid fuel burners shall be in accordance with the requirements of Table 5;
d) The pre-purge time of gaseous fuel burners shall be in accordance with the requirements of Table 6.
Table 5 Pre-purge time of liquid fuel burners
Nominal heat output QF
kW Pre-purge time tq
s
Forced draught burner Natural ventilation burner
≤400 ≥10 ≥30
>400 ≥20 ≥90
Table 6 Pre-purge time of gaseous fuel burners
Pre-purge time tq/s Forced draught burner Natural ventilation burner
≥20 ≥300
7.1.2.3 The pre-purge time of dual-fuel burners shall be in accordance with the requirements of 7.1.2.2d) gaseous fuel burners.
7.1.3 Post-purge
Purge shall be carried out immediately after controlled shut-down of the burner, and the purge time shall meet the requirements in Table 7.
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification and model designation
5 Composition and basic configuration
6 Basic requirements
7 Performance requirements
8 Design and manufacture
9 Special requirements
10 Inspection, test and detection
11 Technical document and identification
12 Packaging, transportation and storage
13 Installation, debugging and use
Annex A (Normative) Basic configuration of burner
Annex B (Normative) Requirements for layout of safety shut-off valve for liquid fuel burner
Annex C (Normative) Opening requirements for main fuel gas safety shut-off valve
Annex D (Normative) Measurement and correction of emissions
Annex E (Informative) Measurement of flue gas blackness
Annex F (Normative) Time sequence diagram controlling liquid fuels and gaseous fuels burner
Annex G (Normative) Type test conditions
Annex H (Normative) Type test, end-of-manufacturing inspection, post-modification inspection and in service inspection items
Annex I (Normative) Type test, end-of-manufacturing inspection and in service inspection methods
