标准编号:	GB/T 25123.2-2018
中文名称:	电力牵引 轨道机车车辆和公路车辆用旋转电机 第2部分：电子变流器供电的交流电动机
英文名称:	Electric traction—Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles—Part 2:Electronic convertor-fed alternating current motors
中标分类:	S35    牵引电气设备
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	29.280 29.280    电力牵引设备 29.280
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2018-06-07
实施日期:	2019-1-1
标准状态:	现行
替代旧标准:	GB/T 25123.2-2010 电力牵引 轨道机车车辆和公路车辆用旋转电机 第2部分：电子变流器供电的交流电动机
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	33000 字
翻译价格(元):	3160.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



GB/T 25123 consists of the following Parts under the general title: Electric traction - Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles:



——Part 1: Machines others than electronic convertor-fed alternating current motors;



——Part 2: Electronic convertor-fed alternating current motors;



——Part 3: Determination of the total losses of convertor-fed alternating current motors by summation of the component losses;



——Part 4: Permanent magnet synchronous electrical machines connected to an electronic converter.



This part is Part 2 of GB/T 25123.



This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.



This part replaces GB/T 25123.2-2010 Electric traction - Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles - Part 2: Electronic convertor-fed alternating current motors, and the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 25123.2-2010:



——“Where further testing is to be undertaken in accordance with GB/T 25117.1 and GB/T 25117.3, it may be preferable, to avoid duplication, that some type and investigation tests be carried out on the combined test bed.” is added (see 1.1);



——The requirements for altitude and ambient temperature are modified. In Clause 4, the former direct requirements for altitude and ambient temperature are changed to “according to GB/T 32347.1-2015” (see Clause 4; Clause 4 of 2010 edition);



——The name of the insulation class is changed to “thermal classes of insulation systems”, and each class is represented with a figure, like 130(B), 155(F) and 180(H) (see 8.1.5 and 8.1.6; 8.1.4 and 8.1.6 of 2010 edition);



——The content on the limits of vibration of traction motor is modified. As the limits of vibration velocities have been changed in GB/T 10068-2008, this edition covers the corresponding modification. And the subclause “if the motor design has no fixed bearing, the longitudinal velocity of vibration can be excluded” is added (see 8.4; 8.4 of 2010 edition);



——The methods and standards optional for noise measurement are modified (see D.1; C.1 in 2010 edition).



This part is modified in relation to IEC 60349-2:2010 Electric traction - Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles - Part 2: Electronic converter-fed alternating current motors.



For the purposes of this part, the following structural deviations have been made with respect to the International Standard IEC 60349-2:2010:



——The subclause number of Clause 1 is modified, with addition of the subclause titles;



——8.5-"Noise measurement” is added;



——The subclause number of 9.3.1 is modified, with addition of 9.3.1.1 to 9.3.1.3;



——The subclause number of 9.3.2 is modified, with addition of 9.3.2.1~9.3.2.3;



——The subclause number of C.3 is modified, with addition of C.3.1 and C.3.2;



——The subclause number of D.1 is modified, with addition of D.1.1~D.1.6;



——The clause number of Annex E is modified, with E.1, E.2 and E.3 being adjusted to Table E.1;



——The annex number is modified, with Annex A being adjusted to Annex C, Annex C to Annex D, and Annex D to Annex A.



Technical differences between this part and IEC 60349-2:2010 are marked with perpendicular single line (|) in the outside page margin of the provisions concerned. Technical differences and their reasons are as follows:



——The adjustment in "Normative References" of this part has technical differences to meet the technical specification in China; the adjustment situations are embodied in a concentrated way in Clause 2 - "Normative references" and the specific adjustments are as follows:



 GB/T 755 identical to the international standard is used to replace IEC 60034-1 (see 1.4 and Clause 4);



 GB/T 1971 identical to the international standard is used to replace ISO 60034-8 (see 6.2, Table E.1);



 GB/T 2900.25 identical to the international standard is used to replace IEC 60050-411 (see Clause 3);



 GB/T 2900.36 modified in relation to the international standard is used to replace IEC 60050(811) (see Clause 3);



 GB/T 2900.74 modified in relation to the international standard is used to replace IEC 60050-131 (see Clause 3);



 GB/T 2900.83 identical to the international standard is used to replace IEC 60050-151 (see Clause 3);



 GB/T 11021 identical to the international standard is used to replace IEC 60085 (see 8.1.5);



 GB/T 32347.1-2015 modified in relation to the international standard is used to replace IEC 62498-1:2010 (see Clause 4);



 The references, i.e., GB/T 1402, GB/T 25117.1 and GB/T 25117.3, are added (see 1.1 and Annex A);



 IEC 60034-9, IEC 60034-17 and IEC 61672 are moved to the Bibliography.



——The environmental conditions are modified, altitude and temperature are according to the content of GB/T 32347.1-2015 Railway applications - Environmental conditions for equipment - Part 1: Equipment on board rolling stock to meet the requirements of China's national conditions (see Clause 4);



——The specific parameter information provided by the designer of the asynchronous traction motor is added (see 5.1);



——The note to 6.1 is changed to a provision (see 6.1);



——The requirement for static head under the rated air volume is added (see 8.1.2);



——The test items are added and the content of Table 1 is modified. These test items include: noise measurement (see 8.5), measurement of cold DC resistance of winding (see 9.7), and inspection on wire code and direction of rotation (see 9.8);



——The footnote is added in Table 2 to match the actual situation in China (see 8.1.5);



——Annex E is modified into an informative annex (see Annex E).



The following editorial changes are made in this part:



——The title of Clause 7 is modified (see Clause 7);



——The format and content of Table 1 are modified, and the noise test in Table 1 is separately listed as a type test item (see 7.2 and 8.5);



——The name of the "electrical machine” is modified into "motor" (see 8.2.1 and Annex D);



——The title of 9.5 is modified from "dielectric test" into "withstand voltage test of winding to earth" (see 9.5);



——The note is deleted (see 9.5);



——The name of vibration test is modified (see 9.6);



——"Note: Annex E gives the agreement between user and manufacturer" is added to bring up Annex E (see Clause 9);



——The numbers of the equations are added (see Annexes C and D);



——The corresponding provisions are added and the corresponding text content is modified accordingly (see D.1);



——"Bibliography" is modified (see Bibliography).



Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.



This part was proposed by the National Railway Administration of the People's Republic of China.



This part is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Traction Electrical Apparatus and System of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 278).



The previous edition of this part is as follows:



——GB/T 25123.2-2010.





Electric traction - Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles - Part 2: Electronic convertor-fed alternating current motors



1 Scope



1.1 General



This part of GB/T 25123 applies to convertor-fed alternating current motors for propelling rail and road vehicles.



The object of this part is to enable the performance of a motor to be confirmed by tests and to provide a basis for assessment of its suitability for a specified duty and for comparison with other motors.



Where further testing is to be undertaken in accordance with GB/T 25117.1 and GB/T 25117.3, it may be preferable, to avoid duplication, that some type and investigation tests be carried out on the combined test bed.



Particular attention is drawn to the need for collaboration between the designers of the motor and its associated convertor as detailed in 5.1.



Note 1: This part also applies to motors installed on trailers hauled by powered vehicles.



Note 2: The basic requirements of this part may be applied to motors for special purpose vehicles such as mine locomotives but this part does not cover explosion-proof or other special features that may be required.



Note 3: It is not intended that this part should apply to motors on small road vehicles, such as battery-fed delivery vehicles, factory trucks, etc. This part also does not apply to minor motors such as windscreen wiper motors, etc. that may be used on all types of vehicles.



Note 4: Industrial type motors complying with GB/T 755 may be suitable for some auxiliary drives, providing that it is demonstrated that operation on a convertor supply will meet the requirements of the particular application.



1.2 Special considerations for the rating of traction motors fed in parallel



The rating of traction motors fed in parallel by a common convertor has to take into account the effect on load-sharing of differences of wheel diameter and of motor characteristics as well as weight transfer when operating at high coefficient of adhesion. The user is to be informed of the maximum permissible difference in wheel diameter for the particular application.



1.3 Power supply



The electrical input to motors covered by this part comes from an electronic convertor.



Note: At the time of drafting, only the following combinations of motors and convertors had been used for traction applications, but it may also apply to other combinations which may be used in the future:



——asynchronous motors fed by voltage source convertors;



——asynchronous motors fed by current source convertors;



——synchronous motors fed by current source convertors.



1.4 Motor types



The motors covered by this part are classified as follows:



a) Traction motors: Motors for propelling rail or road vehicles;



b) Auxiliary motors not covered by GB/T 755: Motors for driving compressors, fans, auxiliary generators or other auxiliary machines.



2 Normative references



The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.



GB/T 755 Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance (GB/T 755-2008, IEC 60034-1:2004, IDT)

GB/T 1402 Railway applications - Supply voltages of traction systems (GB/T 1402-2010, IEC 60850:2007, MOD)

GB/T 1971 Rotating electrical machines - Terminal markings and direction of rotation (GB/T 1971-2006, IEC 60034-8:2002, IDT)

GB/T 2900.25 Electrotechnical terminology - Rotating electrical machines (GB/T 2900.25-2008, IEC 60050-411:1996, IDT)

GB/T 2900.36 Electrotechnical terminology - Electric traction [GB/T 2900.36-2003, IEC 60050(811):1991, MOD]

GB/T 2900.74 Electrotechnical terminology - Circuit theory (GB/T 2900.74-2008, IEC 60050-131:2002, MOD)

GB/T 2900.83 Electrotechnical terminology - Electrical and magnetic devices (GB/T 2900.83-2008, IEC 60050-151:2001, IDT)

GB/T 10068 Mechanical vibration of certain machines with shaft heights 56 mm and higher - Measurement, evaluation and limits of vibration severity (GB/T 10068-2008, IEC 60034-14:2007, IDT)

GB/T 11021 Electrical insulation - Thermal evaluation and designation (GB/T 11021-2014, IEC 60085:2007, IDT)

GB/T 25117.1 Railway applications - Rolling stock - Combined testing - Part 1: Combined testing of inverter-fed alternating current motors and their control system (GB/T 25117.1-2010, IEC 61377-1:2006, IDT)

GB/T 25117.3 Railway applications - Rolling stock - Combined testing - Part 3: Combined testing of alternating current motors fed by an indirect converter and their control system (GB/T 25117.3-2010, IEC 61377-3:2002, MOD)

GB/T 32347.1-2015 Railway applications - Environmental conditions for equipment - Part 1: Equipment on board rolling stock (IEC 62498-1:2010, MOD)



3 Terms and definitions



For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.25, GB/T 2900.36, GB/T 2900.74 and GB/T 2900.83, as well as the following, apply.



3.1

rating of motor

combination of simultaneous values of electrical and mechanical quantities, with their duration and sequence, assigned to the motor by the manufacturer



3.2

rated value

numerical value of any quantity included in a rating



3.3

continuous rating

mechanical output that the motor can deliver on the test bed for an unlimited time under the conditions specified in 8.1 without exceeding the limits of temperature rise given in Table 2, all other appropriate requirements in this part also being satisfied



Note: Several continuous ratings may be specified.



3.4

short-time rating (for example, one hour)

mechanical output that the motor can deliver on the test bed for the stated time (e.g., 1h) without exceeding the limits of temperature rise given in Table 2, the test being carried out as specified in 8.1 starting with the motor cold, all other appropriate requirements in this part being also satisfied



3.5

short-time overload rating

mechanical output that the motor can deliver on the test bed for the stated time without exceeding the limits of temperature rise given in Table 3, the test being started and carried out as specified in 8.1.6



Note: Short-time overload ratings are of value in determining the suitability of motors for duties which involve relatively long periods of operation below the continuous rating followed by a period above it. These are most likely to occur in locomotive applications. They are not relevant to the repeated short load cycles of rapid transit and similar duties, and should not be specified for such applications.



3.6

intermittent duty rating

mechanical output and operating conditions of duty cycle in which the motor may be operated without the temperature rises exceeding the limits given in Table 2 at any point



3.7

equivalent rating

continuous rating with constant values of voltage, current and speed that, as far as temperature rise is concerned, is equivalent to the intermittent duty cycle which the motor has to withstand in service



Note: This rating should be agreed between user and manufacturer.



3.8

guaranteed rating

rating guaranteed by the manufacturer



3.9

guaranteed rating of a traction motor

normally the continuous rating, but in special cases the user and manufacturer may agree that it be a short-time or intermittent duty rating



3.10

guaranteed rating of an auxiliary motor

continuous rating unless otherwise specified



3.11

rated voltage

root-mean-square value of the fundamental component of the line-to-line voltage applied to a motor when it is operating at a guaranteed rating. For motors fed directly or indirectly from a contact system (rail), it is normally the highest voltage (excluding transients) which can be applied to the motor when it is drawing the rated current, with the contact system at its nominal voltage (see Annex A)



3.12

rated speed

speed at a guaranteed rating



3.13

maximum voltage

highest root-mean-square value of the fundamental component of the line-to-line supply voltage which can be applied to the motor in service



3.14

repetitive peak voltage

peak value of the waveform of the convertor output voltage, any random transient peaks arising from line voltage transients or other causes being disregarded



3.15

maximum current

maximum current shown on the characteristics provided by the manufacturer



3.16

maximum working speed



3.16.1

maximum working speed of a traction motor

highest speed assigned to the motor by the manufacturer



Note: When the characteristics of the vehicle for which a motor is intended are specified, this speed is not less than that corresponding to the maximum service speed of the vehicle assuming fully worn metallic wheels or the minimum rolling diameter of rubber tyres.



3.16.2

maximum working speed of an auxiliary motor

highest speed assigned to the motor by the manufacturer



Note: For specific applications, when assigning this speed, the most unfavourable conditions of voltage, frequency, loading, etc., that can occur in service should be taken in account.



4 Environmental conditions



Unless otherwise specified, the following environmental conditions are assumed in this part:



a) Altitude: Height above sea level Class G1.4 according to GB/T 32347.1-2015;



b) Temperature: Temperature in the shade Class T1 or T2 according to GB/T 32347.1-2015 based on the application area of the product.



Whenever motors are intended to operate where one or both of these limits will be exceeded, special requirements may be agreed between user and manufacturer. For more information refer to GB/T 755.



Furthermore, the user shall inform the manufacturer of any particularly severe environmental condition such as dust, humidity, temperature, snow, dynamic effects, etc., to which the motors will be subjected.



5 Characteristics



5.1 Exchange of information



The motor and convertor designers shall collaborate to exchange all the technical information necessary to ensure that the combined unit will meet the requirements of this part.



To fulfil this requirement, the motor designer shall provide the convertor designer with all the information necessary to fully evaluate the interaction between the motor and the convertor. For asynchronous traction motors, the motor designer shall provide the following technical information:



——Equivalent circuit parameters of the motor under different magnetic fluxes, including stator resistance, rotor resistance, stator leakage inductance, rotor leakage inductance, and magnetizing inductance;



——Typical characteristics of the motor over the whole range of the application, including torque, power, stator voltage, stator current, stator frequency, efficiency, power factor and rotor frequency in relation to the motor speed.



The convertor designer shall also provide the motor designer with the characteristics showing, for example, the convertor line-to-line output voltage (including the repetitive voltage peaks), current, fundamental frequency, harmonics and power over the whole range of the application, including operation at the maximum and minimum values of the contact-system voltage.



The documents recording this exchange of information shall form an integral part of the specification of the motor and of the convertor.



Note 1: For more information refer to GB/T 25122.1-2010, 5.3.1.1.



Note 2: The length of cable run between motor and convertor and the effect on peak voltages seen at the motor terminals should be considered.



Note 3: For information about wave fronts and the impact to the motor see GB/T 20161.



5.2 Reference temperature



All characteristics, irrespective of the thermal class of the insulation system used on the motor to which they apply, shall be drawn for a winding reference temperature of 150℃ which shall be stated in the characteristics.



5.3 Specified characteristics



Motor specifications shall, as a general rule, include characteristic curves in accordance with the relevant clauses of this part. These curves, defined as the "specified characteristics", shall be plotted to the designed operating limits of each variable. Unless otherwise agreed between user and manufacturer, the characteristics shall show the motor performance at the nominal voltage of the supply system as defined in Annex A, and shall be submitted to the user before the order for the motors is placed.



5.4 Declared characteristics



Declared characteristics are derived from the results of type tests carried out in accordance with 8.2.1 and shall meet the requirements of 8.2.2.



Unless previously agreed, the declared characteristics of motors electromagnetically identical with any previously manufactured for the same user or application shall be those of the existing motors. In such a case, compliance with the characteristics shall be demonstrated by end-of-manufacturing tests only.



5.5 Efficiency characteristics



Efficiency characteristics shall take into account losses arising from the harmonics in the supply from the convertor. Power used for excitation of synchronous motors shall also be included in the losses, unless otherwise accounted for, (e.g. as an auxiliary load), in which case the omission shall be stated in the characteristics.



5.6 Traction motor characteristics



The specified and declared characteristics of a traction motor shall be the convertor-fed variable frequency characteristics, which shall show motor line-to-line voltage, current, power, frequency, mean torque and efficiency as a function of speed over the whole range of application of the motor. Characteristics of asynchronous motors shall show slip and those of synchronous motors shall show the excitation current. Voltage curves shall show the root-mean-square value of the fundamental component as a function of motor speed. Current curves shall show the root-mean-square value of the fundamental component and the total root-mean-square value as a function of motor speed. For motors used in the braking mode, similar characteristics shall be produced showing the torque input and the electrical output as a function of motor speed.



Note 1: Subclause 5.1 refers to the need for the exchange of information between the designers of the motor and of the convertor.



As an alternative to motor torque and speed, the characteristics may show tractive effort at the rail and vehicle speed, in which case the gear ratio, wheel diameter and transmission losses shall be stated. If conventional values are used for the latter, they shall be in accordance with Figure B.1.



Note 2: Subclause 1.2 refers to the need to consider the effect on parallel-fed motors of differing wheel diameters and of weight transfer between axles.



5.7 Auxiliary motor characteristics



The specified and declared characteristics of auxiliary motors shall be the convertor-fed characteristics, which shall show the motor line-to-line voltage, current, speed and mean torque as a function of motor output for each operating frequency over the whole range of application of the motor. The characteristics of motors which operate at continuously variable frequency shall be plotted for the maximum and minimum frequencies only.



Characteristics of asynchronous motors shall show slip and those of synchronous motors shall show the excitation current. Voltage curves shall show the root-mean-square value of the fundamental component as a function of motor output. Current curves shall show the root-mean-square value of the fundamental component and the total root-mean-square value as a function of motor output. The characteristics shall take account of the additional losses arising from the supply harmonics and the efficiency at the guaranteed rating shall be stated.



Alternatively, the characteristics may be plotted as a function of speed.



Note: Subclause 5.1 refers to the need for the exchange of information between the designers of the motor and of the convertor.



6 Marking



6.1 Nameplate



All motors covered by this part shall carry a nameplate including at least the following information:



a) Manufacturer’s name;



b) Motor type designation;



c) Motor serial number;



d) Year of manufacture.



Furthermore, a serial number shall be punched on both the stator and rotor of every motor, and motors designed for unidirectional rotation shall carry an arrow indicating the direction of rotation.



The motor serial number and rotation arrow shall be easily readable when the motor is installed in the vehicle.



6.2 Terminal and lead marking



Terminal and lead markings shall be in accordance with GB/T 1971 unless otherwise agreed.



7 Test rules



7.1 Test categories



7.1.1 General



There are three categories of tests:



——type tests;



——end-of-manufacturing tests;



——investigation tests.



Note: See 1.1 on duplication of tests.

7.1.2 Type tests



7.1.2.1 General



Type tests are intended to prove the ratings, characteristics and performance of new types of motor. They shall be carried out on one motor of every new design. Unless otherwise agreed, the motor under test shall be one of the first ten manufactured. Where there is a change in place and/or method of manufacture, refer to 7.1.2.4.



Before testing commences, the manufacturer shall provide the user with a test specification outlining the tests to be undertaken to demonstrate compliance with this part. Following completion of the type tests, the manufacturer shall supply the user with a full test report.

7.1.2.2 Type tests on convertor supply



If each motor is fed by its own convertor, the type test should preferably be carried out using the convertor to be employed in service, but, as an alternative, a supply which closely resembles the supply from the vehicle convertor in waveform and harmonics may be employed.



If several motors are fed in parallel from a single convertor, the type test shall be carried out on a single motor using a supply closely resembling the supply from the locomotive convertor in waveform and harmonics.



If requested by the user, the manufacturer shall demonstrate the similarity of the test and service supplies, and shall state the likely effect on the performance of the motor of any difference between them.



Unless otherwise agreed, the type test shall be repeated if the electrical output characteristics of the convertor are changed.

Foreword II
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Environmental conditions
5 Characteristics
6 Marking
7 Test rules
8 Type tests
9 End-of-manufacturing tests
Annex A (Normative) Supply voltages of traction systems
Annex B (Normative) Conventional values of traction motor transmission losses
Annex C (Normative) Measurement of temperature
Annex D (Informative) Noise measurement and limits
Annex E (Informative) Agreement between user and manufacturer
Bibliography

电力牵引 轨道机车车辆和
公路车辆用旋转电机
第2部分：电子变流器供电的
交流电动机
1 范围
1.1 总则
GB/T 25123的本部分适用于驱动轨道机车车辆和公路车辆的由电子变流器供电的交流电动机。
本部分为通过试验确定电动机的性能并评定该电动机对某一规定工作制的适应性以及与其他电动机进行比较提供依据。
可按照GB/T 25117.1、GB/T 25117.3选择进一步的试验，为避免重复，一些型式检验项目和研究性试验项目可在联合试验台上进行。
按照5.1的要求，电动机设计者和对应的变流器设计者之间应相互协作。
注1：本部分亦适用于由动力车辆拖动的拖车上的电动机。
注2：本部分的基本要求可适应于特种车辆(如工矿机车)用电动机.但不包括电动机防爆或可能要求的其他特殊性能。
注3：本部分不适用于小型地面车辆(如蓄电池供电的搬运车、在厂区内使用的货车等)用电动机，也不适用于各种车辆上的微型电动机，如挡风玻璃刮水器用电动机等。
注4：符合GB/T 755规定的工业用电动机可用于某些驱动，只要验证电动机在变流器供电下的运行仍能满足该特殊应用场合。
1.2并联供电牵引电动机定额的特殊考虑
对于由一个共用变流器并联供电的牵引电动机，其定额应考虑因轮径偏差、电动机特性差异以及当运行在高粘着系数时由轴重转移等所引起的对电机负荷分配的影响。对于这种特殊的应用场合，制造商应将所允许的最大轮径差通知用户。
1.3 供电电源
本部分所涉及的电动机的供电电源限定为电子变流器。
注：本部分适用于仅有三种电动机-变流器的组合形式用于牵引系统，但本部分也适用于将来可能使用的其他组合形式。这三种组合形式为：
——由电压源变流器供电的异步电动机；
——由电流源变流器供电的异步电动机；
——由电流源变流器供电的同步电动机。
1.4电动机类型
本部分包括以下两种类型的电动机：
a) 牵引电动机：用于驱动轨道机车车辆和公路车辆的电动机；
b) 辅助电动机：GB/T 755所不涉及的电动机，如驱动压缩机、风扇、辅助发电机或其他辅助机械的电动机。
2规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 755 旋转电机 定额和性能(GB/T 755—2008，IEC 60034—1：2004，IDT)
GB/T 1402 轨道交通 牵引供电系统电压(GB/T 1402—2010，IEC 60850：2007，MOD)
GB/T 1971 旋转电机 线端标志与旋转方向(GB/T 1971—2006，IEC 60034—8：2002，IDT)
GB/T 2900.25 电工术语 旋转电机(GB/T 2900.25—2008，IEC 60050—411：1996，IDT)
GB/T 2900.36 电工术语 电力牵引[GB/T 2900.36—2003，IEC 60050(811)：1991，MOD]
GB/T 2900.74 电工术语 电路理论(GB/T 2900.74—2008，IEC 60050—131：2002，MOD)
GB/T 2900.83 电工术语 电的和磁的器件(GB/T 2900.83—2008，IEC 60050—151：2001，IDT)
GB/T 10068轴中心高为56 mm及以上电机的机械振动 振动的测量、评定及限值(GB/T 10068—2008，IEC 60034—14：2007，IDT)
GB/T 11021 电气绝缘 耐热性和表示方法(GB/T 11021—2014，IEC 60085：2007，IDT)
GB/T 25117.1 轨道交通 机车车辆 组合试验 第1部分：逆变器供电的交流电动机及其控制系统的组合试验(GB/T 25117.1—2010，IEC 61377—1：2006，IDT)
GB/T 25117.3 轨道交通 机车车辆 组合试验 第3部分：间接变流器供电的交流电动机及其控制系统的组合试验(GB/T 25117.3—2010，IEC 61377—3：2002，MOD)
GB/T 32347.1—2015轨道交通 设备环境条件 第1部分：机车车辆设备(IEC 62498—1：2010，MOD)
3术语和定义
GB/T 2900.25、GB/T 2900.36、GB/T 2900.74和GB/T 2900.83界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
电动机定额rating of motor
制造商规定的一组同一时刻的电参量和机械参量，包括它们的持续时间及顺序。
3.2
额定值 rated value
包括在定额中的任一参量的量值。
3.3
持续定额 continuous rating
电动机在试验台上按8.1规定的条件长时间运行，温升不超过表2所给出的限值，同时满足本部分规定的其他相应的要求时所能输出的机械功率。
注：可规定若干个持续定额。
3.4
短时定额(例如1 h) short-time rating(for example，one hour)
电动机在试验台上按8.1所规定的条件从冷态开始试验，运行规定的时间(例如1 h)，温升不超过表2所给出的限值，同时满足本部分规定的其他所有相应要求时所能输出的机械功率。
3.5
短时过载定额short-time overload rating
电动机在试验台上按8.1.6所规定的条件开始试验，运行指定的时间，温升不超过表3所给出的限值时所能输出的机械功率。
注：短时过载定额有助于确定电动机适应负载的能力，即电动机在低于持续定额下运行相当长时间之后，接着又在高于持续定额下运行一段时间的能力。该负载与机车运用情况极其类似。但该定额不适用于快速运输的重复短时负载及其他类似负载，对于这种应用情况，不做短时过载定额的规定。
3.6
断续工作制定额intermittent duty rating
电动机按循环负载运行所能承受的机械输出和运行条件，且在工作周期内任何时刻的温升不超过表2给定的限值。
3.7
等效定额 equivalent rating
具有恒定电压、恒定电流和恒定转速的持续定额，电动机在该定额下的温升与其实际运行时应承受的断续周期负载所产生的温升等效。
注：该定额由供需双方协商确定。
3.8
保证定额guaranteed rating
由制造商保证的定额。
3.9
牵引电动机的保证定额guaranteed rating of a traction motor
通常指持续定额。在特殊情况下，供需双方可协商采用短时定额或断续工作制定额作为保证定额。
3.10
辅助电动机的保证定额 guaranteed rating of an auxiliary motor
除非另有规定，保证定额即为持续定额。
3.11
额定电压rated voltage
电动机在保证定额下运行时，施加在该电动机上的线电压基波分量的方均根值。对于直接或间接由接触网(轨)供电的电动机，该电压通常是指当电动机电流为额定电流、接触网(轨)电压为标称电压(见附录A)时可能施加在电动机端子上的最高电压(不包括瞬时值)。
3.12
额定转速rated speed
在保证定额下的转速。
3.13
最高电压maximum voltage
电动机运行时所施加于其上的最高线电压基波分量的方均根值。
3.14
重复峰值电压repetitive peak voltage
变流器输出电压的尖峰值，由于电压瞬变或其他原因所引起的任何随机瞬时峰值可忽略不计。
3.15
最大电流 maximum current
在制造商提供的特性曲线上表示出的电流的最大值。
3.16
最高工作转速maximum working speed
3.16.1
牵引电动机的最高工作转速 maximum working speed of a traction motor
由制造商规定的牵引电动机的最高转速。
注：如装有该电动机的机车车辆的特性已定，电动机该转速不应低于与机车车辆的最高运行速度相对应的值。此时设定金属动轮为全磨耗或橡胶动轮为最小滚动直径。
3.16.2
辅助电动机的最高工作转速 maximum working speed of an auxiliary motor
制造商规定的电动机的最高转速。
注：对于特殊应用场合，当规定该转速时，宜考虑运行时可能出现的最恶劣的电压、频率、负载条件。
4环境条件
除非另有规定，本部分设定环境条件如下：
a) 海拔按GB/T 32347.1—2015中规定的G1.4级；
b) 遮荫处的温度按GB/T 32347.1—2015，根据产品应用地区而采用相应的T1级或T2级。
当电动机需要在超过上述一个或两个限值情况下运行时，其特殊要求可由供需双方协商确定，见GB/T 755。
如需将电机用于恶劣的条件，如尘埃、潮湿、温度、雪、冲击作用等，用户应通知制造商。
5 特性
5.1 信息交流
电动机设计者与变流器设计者应相互协作，充分交流技术信息，确保电动机-变流器机组能满足本部分的要求。
电动机设计者应向变流器设计者提供充分的技术信息，以确保全面评估电动机与变流器之间的相互影响。对于异步牵引电动机，电动机设计者应提供以下技术信息：
——电动机在不同磁通下的等效电路参数，包括定子电阻、转子电阻、定子漏感、转子漏感、激磁电感；
——电动机在整个应用范围内的典型特性曲线，包括转矩、功率、定子电压、定子电流、定子频率、效率、功率因数、转子频率与转速之间的关系参数。
变流器设计者应向电动机设计者提供在整个应用范围内的特性曲线(包括在最高网压和最低网压下)，如变流器输出的线电压(包括重复峰值电压)、电流、基波频率、谐波、功率等。
这些信息交流的文件记录应成为电动机和变流器技术条件的一部分。
注1：GB/T 25122.1—2010的5.3.1.1中也包含有电动机与变流器之间信息交流的相关内容。
注2：宜考虑电动机和变流器之间的电缆线的长度以及电缆线的长度对电动机接线端子上的峰值电压的影响。
注3：电压的波前信息及其对电动机的影响参见GB/T 20161。
5.2基准温度
无论电动机采用何种热分级的绝缘系统，其所有特性曲线均按绕组基准温度为150℃时绘制。该温度应在特性曲线上注明。
5.3规定特性
电动机技术条件：一般应包括符合本部分有关条款规定的特性曲线。这些特性曲线应绘制到每个变量设计的运行极限值。除非供需双方另有协议，该特性为在供电系统电压等于标称电压(见附录A)时的电动机特性。在签定订单之前应将该特性提交给用户。
5.4典型特性
典型特性为按8.2.1所作型式检验结果而得出并符合8.2.2要求的特性。
除非事先达成协议.若电动机的电磁设计与以前为同一用户或相同用途制造的电动机的电磁性能相同，该电动机可采用原有电动机的典型特性曲线。仅需通过出厂检验来验证其特性的一致性。
5.5 效率特性
效率特性应考虑到由于变流器产生的谐波所引起的损耗。同步电动机的励磁功率应包括在损耗内。除非另有考虑，例如用作辅助负载，同步电动机的励磁功率可不包括在损耗内，但此时应在特性中注明没有考虑该损耗。
5.6 牵引电动机特性
牵引电动机的规定特性和典型特性应为变流器供电下的变频特性。该特性包括电动机在整个工作范围内，电动机的线电压、电流、功率、频率、平均转矩和效率与电动机转速之间的函数关系。异步电动机特性还包括转差率特性，同步电动机特性还包括励磁电流特性。其中，电压曲线为基波分量的方均根值与电动机转速之间的函数关系.电流曲线分别为基波分量的方均根值和全部电流分量的方均根值与电机转速之间的函数关系。对用于制动工况的电动机，也应绘制类似的特性，并应包括电动机的输入转矩和输出电功率与转速之间的函数关系。
注1：5.1指出电动机设计者和变流器设计者之间需要进行信息交流。
在特性曲线中，可用机车车辆轮周牵引力和速度分别替代电动机的转矩和转速，但此时应标明传动比、轮对直径和传动损耗。如传动损耗采用约定值，则应符合附录B中图B.1的规定。
注2：1.2指出需要考虑轮径差异和轴重转移对并联供电电动机的影响。
5.7辅助电动机特性
辅助电动机的规定特性和典型特性应为变流器供电下的电动机特性，该特性包括电动机在整个工作范围内，在每个工作频率下电动机的线电压、电流、转速和平均转矩与输出功率之间的函数关系。工作在连续可变频率下的电动机，仅需绘制在最大和最小频率下的特性。
异步电动机特性还应包括转差率特性，同步电动机特性还包括励磁电流特性。其中电压曲线为基波分量的方均根值与输出功率之间的函数关系，电流曲线分别为基波分量方均根值和全部电流分量的方均根值与输出功率之间的函数关系。这些特性应考虑到由于电源谐波所引起的附加损耗，并应标出在保证定额下的效率。
特性曲线也可用与转速之间函数来代替。
注：5.1指出电动机设计者和变流器设计者之间需要进行信息交流。
6 标志
6.1 铭牌
本部分包括的所有电动机均应带有铭牌，铭牌应明显可见，至少应包含下列内容：
a)制造商名称；
b)电动机型号；
c)电动机序号；
d) 制造年份。
每台电动机的定子和转子上应打印相应的序号。设计成单方向旋转的电动机，应带有一个表示旋转方向的箭头。
当电动机安装在车辆上时，其序号和箭头应易于辨认。
6.2接线端和引线标志
除非另有协议，接线端和引线标志应符合GB/T 1971的规定。
7 检验规则
7.1 检验分类
7.1.1 总则
检验分为三类：
——型式检验；
——出厂检验；
——研究性试验。
注：避免重复进行试验的相关规定参见1.1。
7.1.2型式检验
7.1.2.1 总则
型式检验用来验证新型电动机的定额、特性和性能。对于每一种新的设计，应选取一台电动机进行检验。除非另有协议，被试电动机应在首批制造的10台电动机中选取。当改变生产场地或者改变生产工艺，或者生产场地和生产工艺都改变时的检验要求见7.1.2.4。
制造商应在试验前向用户提供包含符合本部分的检验内容的检验大纲。在型式检验完成后，制造商应将完整的检验报告提供给用户。
7.1.2.2变流器供电下的型式检验
如每台电动机由一台变流器单独供电，则型式检验宜采用在实际运行中使用的变流器供电，但也可采用与车辆用变流器的电源波形和谐波分量非常相似的电源供电。
如几台电动机由一台共用变流器并联供电，则型式检验应在一台单独的电动机上进行，且采用与机车车辆所使用的变流器的电源波形和谐波分量非常相似的电源供电。
如用户有要求，制造商应证明检验电源与实际运行时的电源是类同的，并说明它们之间任何差异对电动机性能可能产生的影响。
除非另有协议，如变流器的电气输出特性发生改变，则应重做型式检验。
7.1.2.3正弦供电下的型式检验
本检验作为电动机特性的参考。
本检验应包括由制造商确定的定额下的温升试验。
检验时的电压、频率、转矩、冷却以及检验时间可根据制造商的具体情况来确定，但检验时间不应小于1 h，而且检验负荷的选择不应使电动机超过实际运行时所承受的负荷。
检验参数应固定不变并用于后续该种设计的电动机的检验。
温升测量按照8.1的规定执行。
7.1.2.4重复型式检验
如达成了协议，并且在型式检验时正弦供电下型式检验结果(见7.1.2.3)和出厂检验结果均在先前的同型号电动机既定容差范围内，制造商又能提供一份具有相同电磁设计的电动机在以相同或更高的定额下进行检验的检验报告，则不必进行全部的型式检验项目。这种规定也适用于重复定单，以及当改变生产场地或者改变生产工艺，或者生产场地和生产工艺都改变时的情况。
7.1.3出厂检验
出厂检验是用来验证每台电动机已正确组装、能够承受相应的耐压试验，并且在机械和电气方面处于良好的工作状态。
所有电动机均应按第9章的规定进行出厂检验。但在订货前，供需双方可协商采取替代试验方法，如对于在有严格的质量保证措施情况下大批量生产的电动机可采取以下两种方法中的一种：
——第一种：减少在所有电动机上所进行的出厂检验项目；
——第二种：从订货产品中随机抽出一定比例的电动机进行全部检验项目。
在上述协议中，每台电动机均应接9.5的要求进行对地耐压试验。
7.1.4研究性试验
研究性试验是为了获得补充信息进行的选择性的特殊试验。应在供需双方订货前协商确定。除非有对应的协议，研究性试验的结果不应影响电动机的验收。
7.2检验项目
检验项目见表1。
表1检验项目
电机类型 检验项目 检验分类 对应条款 备注
型式检验 出厂检验
异步电动机 变流器供电下的温升试验(含短时过载温升试验) √ — 8.1
正弦供电下的温升试验 √ √ 7.1.2.3/9.1
特性试验 √ — 8.2
空载试验 √ √ 9.3.1.2
堵转试验 √ √ 9.3.1.2
超速试验 √ √ 8.3/9.4 只有当供需双方达成协议时才进行出厂检验
绕组对地耐压试验 √ √ 9.5
振动试验 √ √ 8.4/9.6 只有当供需双方达成协议时才进行出厂检验

表1(续)
电机类型 检验项目 检验分类 对应条款 备注
型式检验 出厂检验
异步电动机 噪声测量 √ — 8.5 只有当供需双方达成协议时才进行
绕组冷态直流电阻的测量 √ √ 9.9
接线标志和旋转方向的检查 √ √ 9.10
同步电动机 变流器供电下的温升试验(含短时过载温升试验) √ — 8.1
短时加热试验 — √ 9.2 只有当供需双方达成协议时才进行
特性试验 √ — 8.2
空载试验 √ √ 9.3.1.2
堵转试验 √ √ 9.3.1.2
开路试验 √ √ 9.3.2.2
短路试验 √ √ 9.3.2.3
超速试验 √ √ 8.3/9.4
绕组对地耐压试验 √ √ 9.5
振动试验 √ √ 8.4/9.6 只有当供需双方达成协议时才进行出厂检验
噪声测量 √ — 8.5 只有当供需双方达成协议时才进行
绕组冷态直流电阻的测量 √ √ 9.9
接线标志和旋转方向的检查 √ √ 9.10
注：“√”为应做的项目；“—”为不需要做的项目。

8 型式检验
8.1 温升试验
8.1.1 总则
本试验在电动机的保证定额下进行。
机械输出功率可直接或间接在电动机轴上测得。也可不通过测量，而是通过给电动机加上对应于典型曲线上产生额定机械输出功率的电压、电流和频率来获得机械输出功率。
在持续定额试验时，可通过在试验起始阶段增加负载或减少电动机的通风量来缩短达到稳定温度的时间。但在起始阶段之后，额定条件应至少维持2 h，或者维持到由合适的方法证明已达到稳定的温度为止。
注：稳定温度是指在试验结束前的1 h内温升的变化小于2 K。
8.1.2温升试验时的通风
电动机进行试验时的通风应与实际使用时相同，对电动机温升有影响的所有部件，包括风道、滤尘器这些机车部件均应在位，或在提供有等效条件的装置下进行。
强迫风冷时，应测量电动机进风口处的静压力和风量，并绘出这两个量之间的函数关系图表。额定风量时的静压头不应高于规定值。
通常，不提供相当于机车车辆运行而产生的冷却。但在特殊情况下，如全封闭的牵引电动机，该冷却作用特别重要时，可按照供需双方达成的协议提供这种冷却。
8.1.3温度测量
温度测量按附录C执行。
8.1.4结果判定
在“冷却开始”时，绕组和滑环的温升不应超过表2中的规定值。
8.1.5温升限值
绝缘材料的热分级见GB/T 11021。
表2给出了采用不同热分级的绝缘材料的绕组和其他部件，在试验台上测得的高于冷却空气温度的温升允许限值。
如同一电动机的不同部件采用不同热分级的绝缘材料，则每个部件的温升限值应为该部件绝缘材料的热分级的对应值。
表2持续定额和其他定额的温升限值
电动机部件 测量方法a 绝缘系统的热分级
130(B) 155(F) 180(H) 200 220 250
定子绕组 同步电动机的旋转磁场绕组 电阻法 130 K 155 K 180 K 200 K 220 K 250 K
滑环 电温度计法 120 K 120 K 120 K 120 K 120 K 120 K
鼠笼转子和阻尼绕组 电温度计法 温升以不损害任何绕组或其他部件为限
a其他测量方法和限值由供需双方协商确定。

对于全封闭电动机，表2的限值增加10 K。
若电动机直接或间接受到发动机或其他任何热源的发热影响，供需双方可协商采用低于表2规定的温升限值。
8.1.6短时过载温升试验
如规定了短时过载定额，则应通过如下一次或多次试验加以验证。
在保证定额温升试验结束时，连续地绘制出关键绕组的冷却曲线，直至温升达到表3给出的“初始值”，为此可将曲线延长一段时间，但不应超过从最后读数起的5 min(见表3中注1和注2)。在额定冷却条件下，在该预定的时刻施加规定的过负载.并维持预定的时间后即结束试验，按8.1.3规定测出温升。
如测得的温升与表3规定的“试验最终值”相差20 K以内，则可通过计算将额定电流或持续时间修正到预计能达到表3给出的温升值的某值。如测得的温升与表3规定值相差20 K以上，则应按修正后的电流或时间重做试验。
表3短时过载定额的温升
电动机部件 绝缘系统的热分级
130(B) 155(F) 180(H) 200 220 250
定子绕组
同步电动机的旋转磁场绕组 试验初始值 85 K 100 K 120 K 130 K 140 K 155 K
试验最终值 130 K 155 K 180 K 200 K 220 K 250 K
注1：对于全封闭电动机，上述规定的温升可增加10 K。
注2：如供需双方同意，可采用其他方法获得初始温升。
注3：如供需双方同意，可测量其他部件(如鼠笼绕组、阻尼绕组、轴承等)的温度。

8.2特性试验和容差
8.2.1 总则
可通过测量电动机输入电功率和输出机械功率来验证其与规定特性的一致性。输出的机械功率可直接测量，或者通过测量一台已知效率的被驱动电动机的输出功率来推算求得。
如供需双方商定，也可用损耗总和法推导出被试电动机的输入或输出功率。
负载试验应在电动机的温度大约为基准温度时进行，如温度对试验结果影响显著，则应将试验结果修正至基准温度。在试验时，应测量足够数量的试验数据，以便能绘制出电动机的典型特性曲线。
变流器的输入电功率可采用供需双方协商的方法测量，但测量结果不应影响电动机的验收。
经电动机制造商和配套变流器制造商双方协商，可修改在规定特性上对应的电动机输入功率，只要在保证定额下运行时，电动机和变流器所有部件的温升均不超过各自的温升限随，同时电动机的损耗也不超过8.2.2规定的容差。
同步电动机的规定励磁电流可做类似的修改。
试验只需在一个旋转方向上进行。
用于测量电动机输入电流、输入电压和输入功率仪器的准确度应与电动机规定容差相匹配。