标准编号:	GB/T 45001-2020
中文名称:	职业健康安全管理体系 要求及使用指南
英文名称:	Occupational health and safety management systems—Requirements with guidance for use
中标分类:	C78    安全卫生管理
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	13.100 13.100    职业安全、工业卫生 13.100
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2020-03-06
实施日期:	2020-3-6
标准状态:	现行
替代旧标准:	GB/T 28001-2011 职业健康安全管理体系 要求 GB/T 28002-2011 职业健康安全管理体系 实施指南
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	42000 字
翻译价格(元):	2940.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

This standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.



This standard replaces GB/T 28001-2011 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems — Requirements and GB/T 28002-2011 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems — Guidelines for the Implementation.



In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical deviations have been made with respect to the GB/T 28001-2011 and GB/T 28002-2011:



— the common top management structure for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives — Part 1 is used;



— terms and definitions are modified;



— risk-based thinking is used;



— further emphasis on the organization’s context and the needs and expectations of workers and other interested parties;



— the role of leadership is strengthened;



— emphasis on consultation and participation of workers;



— the requirements for hazard identification and assessment of risks are refined;



— more flexible requirements for documented information;



— the requirements for operational control are refined;



— the requirements for procurement control, contractor control and outsourcing control are refined;



— the requirements for management of change are strengthened;



— further emphasis on safety performance, performance monitoring and measurement of occupational health.



This standard is identical with International Standard ISO 45001:2018 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems — Requirements with Guidance for Use.



For the purposes of this standard, the following editorial changes have also been made:



— the background of laws and regulations related to occupational health and safety in China is added in Introduction, 0.1;



— Note 2 is added to the term 3.19 to explain that "hazard", "hazard factor" and "hazard source" are three Chinese terms that are synonymous with and closely related to the English "hazard" in the field of occupational health and safety in China;



— In Note 2 of Term 3.35, the original English terms "near-miss", "near-hit" or "close call" are listed, and the corresponding idioms in Chinese such as "attempted incident", "attempted accident" or "potential accident" are added;



— according to the requirements of the relevant rules of the standard revision, the correspondence between this standard and GB/T 28001-2011 is added in Annex NA (informative);



— In order to facilitate users' reading and use of this standard, an alphabetical index of terms and a alphabetical in Pinyin index of terms are added.



This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of China National Institute of Standardization.



The previous editions of this standard are as follows:



— GB/T 28001-2001, GB/T 28001-2011;



— GB/T 28002-2002, GB/T 28002-2011.

 

Introduction



0.1 Background



An organization is responsible for the occupational health and safety of workers and others who can be affected by its activities. This responsibility includes promoting and protecting their physical and mental health.



The adoption of an OH&S management system is intended to enable an organization to provide safe and healthy workplaces, prevent work-related injury and ill health, and continually improve its OH&S performance.



In the field of occupational health and safety, China has specially established a series of laws and regulations related to occupational health and safety (such as the Labor Law, the Work Safety Law, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, the Fire Protection Law, the Road Traffic Safety Law, and the Mine Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China). The occupational health and safety systems and requirements specified by these laws and regulations are the system, policy and technical background that must be considered when an organization establishes and maintains an occupational health and safety management system.



0.2 Aim of an OH&S management system



The purpose of an OH&S management system is to provide a framework for managing OH&S risks and opportunities. The aim and intended outcomes of the OH&S management system are to prevent work-related injury and ill health to workers and to provide safe and healthy workplaces; consequently, it is critically important for the organization to eliminate hazards and minimize OH&S risks by taking effective preventive and protective measures.



When these measures are applied by the organization through its OH&S management system, they improve its OH&S performance. An OH&S management system can be more effective and efficient when taking early action to address opportunities for improvement of OH&S performance.



Implementing an OH&S management system conforming to this document enables an organization to manage its OH&S risks and improve its OH&S performance. An OH&S management system can assist an organization to fulfil its legal requirements and other requirements.



 

0.3 Success factors



The implementation of an OH&S management system is a strategic and operational decision for an organization. The success of the OH&S management system depends on leadership, commitment and participation from all levels and functions of the organization.

The implementation and maintenance of an OH&S management system, its effectiveness and its ability to achieve its intended outcomes are dependent on a number of key factors, which can include:



a) top management leadership, commitment, responsibilities and accountability;



b) top management developing, leading and promoting a culture in the organization that supports the intended outcomes of the OH&S management system;



c) communication;



d) consultation and participation of workers, and, where they exist, workers’ representatives;



e) allocation of the necessary resources to maintain it;



f) OH&S policies, which are compatible with the overall strategic objectives and direction of the organization;



g) effective processes for identifying hazards, controlling OH&S risks and taking advantage of OH&S opportunities;



h) continual performance evaluation and monitoring of the OH&S management system to improve OH&S performance;



i) integration of the OH&S management system into the organization’s business processes;



j) OH&S objectives that align with the OH&S policy and take into account the organization’s hazards, OH&S risks and OH&S opportunities;



k) compliance with its legal requirements and other requirements.



Demonstration of successful implementation of this document can be used by an organization to give assurance to workers and other interested parties that an effective OH&S management system is in place. Adoption of this document, however, will not in itself guarantee prevention of work-related injury and ill health to workers, provision of safe and healthy workplaces and improved OH&S performance.

The level of detail, the complexity, the extent of documented information and the resources needed to ensure the success of an organization’s OH&S management system will depend on a number of factors, such as:



— the organization’s context (e.g. number of workers, size, geography, culture, legal requirements and other requirements);



— the scope of the organization’s OH&S management system;



— the nature of the organization’s activities and the related OH&S risks.



0.4 Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle



The OH&S management system approach applied in this document is founded on the concept of Plan- Do-Check-Act (PDCA).



The PDCA concept is an iterative process used by organizations to achieve continual improvement. It can be applied to a management system and to each of its individual elements, as follows:



a) Plan: determine and assess OH&S risks, OH&S opportunities and other risks and other opportunities, establish OH&S objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with the organization’s OH&S policy;



b) Do: implement the processes as planned;



c) Check: monitor and measure activities and processes with regard to the OH&S policy and OH&S objectives, and report the results;



d) Act: take actions to continually improve the OH&S performance to achieve the intended outcomes. This document incorporates the PDCA concept into a new framework, as shown in Figure 1.





Note: The numbers given in brackets refer to the clause numbers in this document.



Figure 1 Relationship between PDCA and the framework in this document



0.5 Contents of this document



This document conforms to ISO’s requirements for management system standards. These requirements include a high level structure, identical core text and common terms with core definitions, designed to benefit users implementing multiple ISO management system standards.



This document does not include requirements specific to other subjects, such as those for quality, social responsibility, environmental, security or financial management, though its elements can be aligned or integrated with those of other management systems.

This document contains requirements that can be used by an organization to implement an OH&S management system and to assess conformity. An organization that wishes to demonstrate conformity to this document can do so by:



— making a self-determination and self-declaration, or



— seeking confirmation of its conformity by parties having an interest in the organization, such as customers, or



— seeking confirmation of its self-declaration by a party external to the organization, or



— seeking certification/registration of its OH&S management system by an external organization.



Clauses 1 to 3 in this document set out the scope, normative references and terms and definitions which apply to the use of this document, while Clauses 4 to 10 contain the requirements to be used to assess conformity to this document. Annex A provides informative explanations to these requirements. Annex NA gives the correspondence between this standard and GB/T 28001-2011. The terms and definitions in Clause 3 are arranged in conceptual order, with an alphabetical index and an alphabetical in Pinyin index provided at the end of this document.



In this document, the following verbal forms are used:



— “shall” indicates a requirement;



— “should” indicates a recommendation;



— “may” indicates a permission;



— “can” indicates a possibility or a capability.



Information marked as “Note” is for guidance in understanding or clarifying the associated requirement. “Notes” used in Clause 3 provide additional information that supplements the terminological data and can contain provisions relating to the use of a term.





Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems — Requirements with Guidance for Use



1 Scope



This document specifies requirements for an occupational health and safety (OH&S) management system, and gives guidance for its use, to enable organizations to provide safe and healthy workplaces by preventing work-related injury and ill health, as well as by proactively improving its OH&S performance.



This document is applicable to any organization that wishes to establish, implement and maintain an OH&S management system to improve occupational health and safety, eliminate hazards and minimize OH&S risks (including system deficiencies), take advantage of OH&S opportunities, and address OH&S management system nonconformities associated with its activities.



This document helps an organization to achieve the intended outcomes of its OH&S management system. Consistent with the organization’s OH&S policy, the intended outcomes of an OH&S management system include:



a) continual improvement of OH&S performance;



b) fulfilment of legal requirements and other requirements;



c) achievement of OH&S objectives.



This document is applicable to any organization regardless of its size, type and activities. It is applicable to the OH&S risks under the organization’s control, taking into account factors such as the context in which the organization operates and the needs and expectations of its workers and other interested parties.



This document does not state specific criteria for OH&S performance, nor is it prescriptive about the design of an OH&S management system.



This document enables an organization, through its OH&S management system, to integrate other aspects of health and safety, such as worker wellness/wellbeing.



This document does not address issues such as product safety, property damage or environmental impacts, beyond the risks to workers and other relevant interested parties.

This document can be used in whole or in part to systematically improve occupational health and safety management. However, claims of conformity to this document are not acceptable unless all its requirements are incorporated into an organization’s OH&S management system and fulfilled without exclusion.



2 Normative References



There are no normative references in this document.



3 Terms and Definitions



For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.



3.1

organization

person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives (3.16)

Note 1: The concept of organization includes, but is not limited to sole-trader, company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority, partnership, charity or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private.

Note 2: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.



3.2

interested party (preferred term)

stakeholder (admitted term)

person or organization (3.1) that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision or activity

Note: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.



3.3

worker

person performing work or work-related activities that are under the control of the organization (3.1)

Note 1: Persons perform work or work-related activities under various arrangements, paid or unpaid, such as regularly or temporarily, intermittently or seasonally, casually or on a part-time basis.

Note 2: Workers include top management (3.12), managerial and non-managerial persons.

Note 3: The work or work-related activities performed under the control of the organization may be performed by workers employed by the organization, workers of external providers, contractors, individuals, agency workers, and by other persons to the extent the organization shares control over their work or work- related activities, according to the context of the organization.



3.4

participation

involvement in decision-making

Note: Participation includes engaging health and safety committees and workers’ representatives, where they exist.



3.5

consultation

seeking views before making a decision

Note: Consultation includes engaging health and safety committees and workers’ representatives, where they exist.



3.6

workplace

place under the control of the organization (3.1) where a person needs to be or to go for work purposes

Note: The organization’s responsibilities under the OH&S management system (3.11) for the workplace depend on the degree of control over the workplace.



3.7

contractor

external organization providing services to the organization (3.1) in accordance with agreed specifications, terms and conditions

Note: Services may include construction activities, among others.



3.8

requirement

need or expectation that is stated, generally implied or obligatory

Note 1: “Generally implied” means that it is custom or common practice for the organization (3.1) and interested parties (3.2) that the need or expectation under consideration is implied.

Note 2: A specified requirement is one that is stated, for example in documented information (3.24).

Note 3: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.



3.9

legal requirements and other requirements

legal requirements that an organization (3.1) has to comply with and other requirements (3.8) that an organization has to or chooses to comply with

Note 1: For the purposes of this document, legal requirements and other requirements are those relevant to the OH&S management system (3.11).

Note 2: “Legal requirements and other requirements” include the provisions in collective agreements. Note 3: Legal requirements and other requirements include those that determine the persons who are workers’ (3.3) representatives in accordance with laws, regulations, collective agreements and practices.



3.10

management system

set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization (3.1) to establish policies (3.14) and objectives (3.16) and processes (3.25) to achieve those objectives

Note 1: A management system can address a single discipline or several disciplines.

Note 2: The system elements include the organization’s structure, roles and responsibilities, planning, operation, performance evaluation and improvement.

Note 3: The scope of a management system may include the whole of the organization, specific and identified functions of the organization, specific and identified sections of the organization, or one or more functions across a group of organizations.

Note 4: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. Note 2 has been modified to clarify some of the wider elements of a management system.



3.11

occupational health and safety management system OH&S management system

management system (3.10) or part of a management system used to achieve the OH&S policy (3.15)

Note 1: The intended outcomes of the OH&S management system are to prevent injury and ill health (3.18) to workers (3.3) and to provide safe and healthy workplaces (3.6).

Note 2: The terms “occupational health and safety” (OH&S) and “occupational safety and health” (OSH) have the same meaning.



3.12

top management

person or group of people who directs and controls an organization (3.1) at the highest level

Note 1: Top management has the power to delegate authority and provide resources within the organization, provided ultimate responsibility for the OH&S management system (3.11) is retained.

Note 2: If the scope of the management system (3.10) covers only part of an organization, then top management refers to those who direct and control that part of the organization.

Note 3: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. Note 1 has been modified to clarify the responsibility of top management in relation to an OH&S management system.



3.13

effectiveness

extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved

Note: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.



3.14

policy

intentions and direction of an organization (3.1), as formally expressed by its top management (3.12)

Note: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

Foreword III
Introduction V
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Context of the Organization
4.1 Understanding the organization and its context
4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of workers and other interested parties
4.3 Determining the scope of the OH&S management system
4.4 OH&S management system
5 Leadership and Worker Participation
5.1 Leadership and commitment
5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities
5.4 Consultation and participation of workers
6 Planning
6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities
6.2 OH&S objectives and planning to achieve them
7 Support
7.1 Resources
7.2 Competence
7.3 Awareness
7.4 Communication
7.5 Documented information
8 Operation
8.1 Operational planning and control
8.2 Emergency preparedness and response
9 Performance Evaluation
9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation
9.2 Internal audit
9.3 Management review
10 Improvement
10.1 General
10.2 Incident, nonconformity and corrective action
10.3 Continual improvement
Annex A (Informative) Guidance on the Use of This Document
Annex NA (Informative) Correspondence between This Standard and GB/T 28001-
Bibliography
Alphabetical index of terms
Alphabetical in Pinyin index of terms
Figure 1 Relationship between PDCA and the framework in this document VIII
Table NA.1 Correspondence between this standard and GB/T 28001-
Table NA.2 Correspondence between GB/T 28001-2011 and this standard

引言
0.1 背景
组织应对工作人员和可能受其活动影响的其他人员的职业健康安全负责，包括促进和保护他们的生理和心理健康。
采用职业健康安全管理体系旨在使组织能够提供健康安全的工作场所，防止与工作相关的伤害和健康损害，并持续改进其职业健康安全绩效。
在职业健康安全领域，国家专门制定了一系列职业健康安全相关法律法规(如劳动法、安全生产法、职业病防治法、消防法、道路交通安全法、矿山安全法等)。这些法律法规所确立的职业健康安全制度和要求是组织建立和保持职业健康安全管理体系所必须考虑的制度、政策和技术背景。
0.2 职业健康安全管理体系的目的
职业健康安全管理体系的作用是为管理职业健康安全风险和机遇提供一个框架。职业健康安全管理体系的目的和预期结果是防止对工作人员造成与工作相关的伤害和健康损害，并提供健康安全的工作场所；因此，对组织而言，采取有效的预防和保护措施以消除危险源和最大限度地降低职业健康安全风险至关重要。
组织通过其职业健康安全管理体系应用这些措施时，能够提高其职业健康安全绩效。如果及早采取措施以把握改进职业健康安全绩效的机会，职业健康安全管理体系将会更加有效和高效。
实施符合本标准的职业健康安全管理体系，能使组织管理其职业健康安全风险并提升其职业健康安全绩效。职业健康安全管理体系可有助于组织满足法律法规要求和其他要求。
0.3 成功因素
对组织而言，实施职业健康安全管理体系是一项战略和经营决策。职业健康安全管理体系的成功取决于领导作用、承诺以及组织各层次和职能的参与。
职业健康安全管理体系的实施和保持，其有效性和实现预期结果的能力取决于诸多关键因素。这些关键因素可包括：
a) 最高管理者的领导作用、承诺、职责和担当；
b) 最高管理者在组织内建立、引导和促进支持实现职业健康安全管理体系预期结果的文化；
c) 沟通；
d) 工作人员及其代表(若有)的协商和参与；
e) 为保持职业健康安全管理体系而所需的资源配置；
f) 符合组织总体战略目标和方向的职业健康安全方针；
g) 辨识危险源、控制职业健康安全风险和利用职业健康安全机遇的有效过程；
h) 为提升职业健康安全绩效而对职业健康安全管理体系绩效的持续监视和评价；
i) 将职业健康安全管理体系融入组织的业务过程；
j) 符合职业健康安全方针并必须考虑组织的危险源、职业健康安全风险和职业健康安全机遇的职业健康安全目标；
k) 符合法律法规要求和其他要求。
成功实施本标准可使工作人员和其他相关方确信组织已建立了有效的职业健康安全管理体系。然而，采用本标准并不能够完全保证防止工作人员受到与工作相关的伤害和健康损害，提供健康安全的工作场所和改进职业健康安全绩效。
为了确保组织职业健康安全管理体系成功，文件化信息的详略水平、复杂性和文件化程度以及所需资源取决于多方面因素，例如：
——组织所处的环境(如工作人员数量、规模、地理位置、文化、法律法规要求和其他要求)；
——组织职业健康安全管理体系的范围；
——组织活动的性质和相关的职业健康安全风险。
0.4 “策划—实施—检查—改进”循环
本标准中所采用的职业健康安全管理体系的方法是基于“策划—实施—检查—改进(PDCA)”的概念。
PDCA概念是一个迭代过程，可被组织用于实现持续改进。它可应用于管理体系及其每个单独的要素，具体如下：
——策划(P：Plan)：确定和评价职业健康安全风险、职业健康安全机遇以及其他风险和其他机遇，制定职业健康安全目标并建立所需的过程，以实现与组织职业健康安全方针相一致的结果。
——实施(D：Do)：实施所策划的过程。
——检查(C：Check)：依据职业健康安全方针和目标，对活动和过程进行监视和测量，并报告结果。
——改进(A：Act)：采取措施持续改进职业健康安全绩效，以实现预期结果。
本标准将PDCA概念融入一个新框架中，如图1所示。

内部和外部议题(4.1)
组织所处的环境(4)
工作人员和其他相关方的需求和期望(4.2)
职业健康安全管理体系范围(4.3/4.4)
策划(6)
改进(10)
领导作用和工作人员参与(5)
支持(7)和运行(8)
绩效评价(9)
职业健康安全管理体系预期结果
注：括号内的数字是指本标准的相应章条号。
图1 PDCA与本标准框架之间的关系
0.5 本标准内容
本标准符合国际标准化组织(ISO)对管理体系标准的要求。这些要求包括一个统一的高层结构和相同的核心正文以及具有核心定义的通用术语，旨在方便本标准的使用者实施多个ISO管理体系标准。
尽管本标准的要素可与其他管理体系兼容或整合，但本标准并不包含针对其他主题(如质量、社会责任、环境、治安保卫或财务管理等)的要求。
本标准包含了组织可用于实施职业健康安全管理体系和开展符合性评价的要求。希望证实符合本标准的组织可通过以下方式来实现：
——开展自我评价和声明；
——寻求组织的相关方(如顾客)对其符合性进行确认；
——寻求组织的外部机构对其自我声明的确认；
——寻求外部组织对其职业健康安全管理体系进行认证或注册。
本标准的第1章至第3章阐述了适用于本标准的范围、规范性引用文件以及术语和定义，第4章至第10章包含了可用于评价与本标准符合性的要求。附录A提供了这些要求的解释性信息。附录NA给出了本标准与GB/T 28001—2011之间的对应情况。第3章中的术语和定义按照概念的顺序进行编排。本标准给出了按英文字母顺序排列的术语索引和按汉语拼音顺序排列的术语索引。
本标准使用以下助动词：
——“应”(shall)表示要求；
——“宜”(should)表示建议；
——“可以”(may)表示允许；
——“可、可能、能够”(can)表示可能性或能力。
标记“注”的信息是理解或澄清相关要求的指南。第3章中的“注”提供了增补术语资料的补充信息，可能包括使用术语的相关规定。
职业健康安全管理体系
要求及使用指南
1 范围
本标准规定了职业健康安全(OH＆S)管理体系的要求，并给出了其使用指南，以使组织能够通过防止与工作相关的伤害和健康损害以及主动改进其职业健康安全绩效来提供安全和健康的工作场所。
本标准适用于任何具有以下愿望的组织：通过建立、实施和保持职业健康安全管理体系，以改进健康安全、消除危险源并尽可能降低职业健康安全风险(包括体系缺陷)、利用职业健康安全机遇，以及应对与其活动相关的职业健康安全管理体系不符合。
本标准有助于组织实现其职业健康安全管理体系的预期结果。依照组织的职业健康安全方针，其职业健康安全管理体系的预期结果包括：
a) 持续改进职业健康安全绩效；
b) 满足法律法规要求和其他要求；
c) 实现职业健康安全目标。
本标准适用于任何规模、类型和活动的组织。它适用于组织控制下的职业健康安全风险，这些风险必须考虑到诸如组织运行所处环境、组织工作人员和其他相关方的需求和期望等因素。
本标准既不规定具体的职业健康安全绩效准则，也不提供职业健康安全管理体系的设计规范。
本标准使组织能够借助其职业健康安全管理体系整合健康和安全的其他方面，如工作人员的福利和(或)幸福等。
本标准不涉及对工作人员和其他有关的相关方的风险以外的议题，如产品安全、财产损失或环境影响等。
本标准能够全部或部分地用于系统改进职业健康安全管理。然而，只有当本标准的所有要求均被包含在了组织的职业健康安全管理体系中并全部得到满足，有关符合本标准的声明才能被认可。
2 规范性引用文件
本标准无规范性引用文件。
3 术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
组织 organization
为实现目标(3.16)，由职责、权限和相互关系构成自身功能的一个人或一组人。
注1：组织包括但不限于个体经营者、公司、集团、商行、企事业单位、行政管理机构、合伙制企业、慈善机构或社会机构，或者上述组织的某部分或其组合，无论是否为法人组织、公有或私有。
注2：该术语和定义是《“ISO/IEC导则 第1部分”的ISO补充合并本》附录SL所给出的ISO管理体系标准的通用术语和核心定义之一。
3.2
相关方 interested party(首选术语)
利益相关方 stakeholder(许用术语)
可影响决策或活动、受决策或活动所影响，或者自认为受决策或活动影响的个人或组织(3.1)。
注：该术语和定义是《“ISO/IEC导则 第1部分”的ISO补充合并本》附录SL所给出的ISO管理体系标准的通用术语和核心定义之一。
3.3
工作人员 worker
在组织(3.1)控制下开展工作或与工作相关的活动的人员。
注1：在不同安排下，人员有偿或无偿地开展工作或与工作相关的活动，如定期的或临时的、间歇性的或季节性的、偶然的或兼职的等。
注2：工作人员包括最高管理者(3.12)、管理类人员和非管理类人员。
注3：根据组织所处的环境，在组织控制下所开展的工作或与工作相关的活动可由组织雇佣的工作人员、外部供方的工作人员、承包方、个人、外部派遣工作人员，以及其工作或与工作相关的活动在一定程度上受组织共同控制的其他人员来完成。
3.4
参与 participation
参加决策。
注：参与包括使健康安全委员会和工作人员代表(若有)加入。
3.5
协商 consultation
决策前征询意见。
注：协商包括使健康安全委员会和工作人员代表(若有)加入。
3.6
工作场所 workplace
在组织(3.1)控制下，人员因工作需要而处于或前往的场所。
注：在职业健康安全管理体系(3.11)中，组织对工作场所的责任取决于其对工作场所的控制程度。
3.7
承包方 contractor
按照约定的规范、条款和条件向组织(3.1)提供服务的外部组织。
注：服务可包括建筑活动等。
3.8
要求 requirement
明示的、通常隐含的或必须满足的需求或期望。
注1：“通常隐含的”是指，对组织(3.1)和相关方(3.2)而言，按惯例或常见做法，对这些需求或期望加以考虑是不言而喻的。
注2：规定的要求是指经明示的要求，如文件化信息(3.24)中所阐明的要求。
注3：该术语和定义是《“ISO/IEC导则 第1部分”的ISO补充合并本》附录SL所给出的ISO管理体系标准的通用术语和核心定义之一。
3.9
法律法规要求和其他要求 legal requirements and other requirements
组织(3.1)必须遵守的法律法规要求，以及组织必须遵守或选择遵守的其他要求(3.8)。
注1：对本标准而言，法律法规要求和其他要求是与职业健康安全管理体系(3.11)相关的要求。
注2：“法律法规要求和其他要求”包括集体协议的规定。
注3：法律法规要求和其他要求包括依法律、法规、集体协议和惯例而确定的工作人员(3.3)代表的要求。
3.10
管理体系 management system
组织(3.1)用于建立方针(3.14)和目标(3.16)以及实现这些目标的过程(3.25)的一组相互关联或相互作用的要素。
注1：一个管理体系可针对单个或多个领域。
注2：体系要素包括组织的结构、角色和职责、策划、运行、绩效评价和改进。
注3：管理体系的范围可包括：整个组织，组织中具体且可识别的职能或部门，或者跨组织的一个或多个职能。
注4：该术语和定义是《“ISO/IEC导则 第1部分”的ISO补充合并本》附录SL所给出的ISO管理体系标准的通用术语和核心定义之一。为了澄清某些更广泛的管理体系要素，注2做了改写。
3.11
职业健康安全管理体系 occupational health and safety management system； OH＆S management system
用于实现职业健康安全方针(3.15)的管理体系(3.10)或管理体系的一部分。
注1：职业健康安全管理体系的目的是防止对工作人员(3.3)的伤害和健康损害(3.18)，以及提供健康安全的工作场所(3.6)。
注2：职业健康安全(OH＆S)与职业安全健康(OSH)同义。
3.12
最高管理者 top management
在最高层指挥和控制组织(3.1)的一个人或一组人。
注1：在保留对职业健康安全管理体系(3.11)承担最终责任的前提下，最高管理者有权在组织内授权和提供资源。
注2：若管理体系(3.10)的范围仅覆盖组织的一部分，则最高管理者是指那些指挥和控制该部分的人员。
注3：该术语和定义是《“ISO/IEC导则 第1部分”的ISO补充合并本》附录SL所给出的ISO管理体系标准的通用术语和核心定义之一。为了澄清与职业健康安全管理体系有关的最高管理者的职责，注1做了改写。
3.13
有效性 effectiveness
完成策划的活动并得到策划结果的程度。
注：该术语和定义是《“ISO/IEC导则 第1部分”的ISO补充合并本》附录SL所给出的ISO管理体系标准的通用术语和核心定义之一。
3.14
方针 policy
由组织最高管理者(3.12)正式表述的组织(3.1)意图和方向。
注：该术语和定义是《“ISO/IEC导则 第1部分”的ISO补充合并本》附录SL所给出的ISO管理体系标准的通用术语和核心定义之一。
3.15
职业健康安全方针 occupational health and safety policy； OH＆S policy
防止工作人员(3.3)受到与工作相关的伤害和健康损害(3.18)并提供健康安全的工作场所(3.6)的方针(3.14)。
3.16
目标 objective
要实现的结果。
注1：目标可以是战略性的、战术性的或运行层面的。
注2：目标可涉及不同领域(如财务的、健康安全的和环境的目标)，并可应用于不同层面[如战略层面、组织整体层面、项目层面、产品和过程(3.25)层面]。
注3：目标可按其他方式来表述，例如：按预期结果、意图、运行准则来表述目标；按某职业健康安全目标(3.17)来表述目标；使用其他近义词(如靶向、追求或目的等)来表述目标。
注4：该术语和定义是《“ISO/IEC导则 第1部分”的ISO补充合并本》附录SL所给出的ISO管理体系标准的通用术语和核心定义之一。由于术语“职业健康安全目标”作为单独的术语在3.17中给出定义，原注4被删除。
3.17
职业健康安全目标 occupational health and safety objective；OH＆S objective
组织(3.1)为实现与职业健康安全方针(3.15)相一致的特定结果而制定的目标(3.16)。
3.18
伤害和健康损害 injury and ill health
对人的生理、心理或认知状况的不利影响。
注1：这些不利影响包括职业疾病、不健康和死亡。
注2：术语“伤害和健康损害”意味着存在伤害和(或)健康损害。
3.19
危险源 hazard
危害因素
危害来源
可能导致伤害和健康损害(3.18)的来源。
注1：危险源可包括可能导致伤害或危险状态的来源，或可能因暴露而导致伤害和健康损害的环境。
注2：考虑到中国安全生产领域现实存在的相关称谓，本标准视“危险源”“危害因素”和“危害来源”同义。但对于中国安全生产领域中那些仅涉及对“物”或“财产”的损害而不涉及对“人”的伤害和健康损害(3.18)的情况，本标准的术语“危险源”“危害因素”或“危害来源”则不适用。