Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 25625-2010 Earth-moving Machinery – Dumpers - Trainer Seat/Enclosure. The following main changes have been made with respect to GB/T 25625-2010:
——The name of the standard is modified;
——The application scope of the standard is modified (see Chapter 1; Chapter 1 of 2010 edition);
——"Normative References" is supplemented and modified (see Chapter 2; Chapter 2 of 2010 edition);
——"Terms and Definitions" is supplemented and modified (see Chapter 3; Chapter 3 of 2010 edition);
——Requirements for "Seat dimensions", "Trainer seat location", "Trainer space envelope dimensions/adjustment/suspension", "Materials", "Handhold", "Storage" and "Restraint system" are modified (see 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9 and 4.10; Chapter 4 of 2010 edition);
——"FOPS or top-guard requirements for trainer seats", "ROPS requirements for trainer seats" and "Trainer seat ROPS/FOPS or top-guard labelling" are added (see 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6);
——“The Dimensions of the Trainer DLV” and “Trainer DLV Acceptance Criteria” are added (see Annex A and Annex B);
——"Bibliography" is added (see Bibliography).
This standard is identical to ISO 13459:2012 Earth-moving Machinery - Trainer Seat - Deflection Limiting Volume, Space Envelope and Performance Requirements by means of translation.
Chinese documents having corresponding consistency relationship with the normative international documents referenced in this standard are as follows:
——GB/T 8420-2011 Earth-moving Machinery - Physical Dimensions of Operators and Minimum Operator Space Envelope (ISO 3411:2007, IDT);
——GB/T 8498-2017 Earth-moving Machinery - Basic Type - Identification - Terms and Definitions (ISO 6165:2012, IDT);
——GB/T 8591-2000 Earth-moving Machinery - Seat Index Point (eqv ISO 5353:1995);
——GB/T 16937-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Operators Field of View - Test Method and Performance Criteria (ISO 5006:2006, IDT);
——GB/T 17300-2017 Earth-moving Machinery - Access Systems (ISO 2687:2011, IDT);
——GB/T 17771-2010 Earth-moving Machinery - Falling-object Protective Structures - Laboratory Tests and Performance Requirements (ISO 3449:2005, IDT);
——GB/T 17921-2010 Earth-moving Machinery - Seat Belts and Seat Belt Anchorages - Performance Requirements and Tests (ISO 6683:2005, MOD);
——GB/T 17922-2014 Earth-moving Machinery - Roll-over Protective Structures - Laboratory Tests and Performance Requirements (ISO 3471:2008, IDT);
——GB/T 19930.2-2014 Earth-moving Machinery - Laboratory Tests and Performance Requirements for Protective Structures of Excavators - Part 2: Roll-over Protective Structures (ROPS) for Excavators of over 6t (ROPS) (ISO 12117-2:2008, IDT);
——GB/T 19932-2005 Earth-moving Machinery - Hydraulic Excavators - Laboratory Tests and Performance Requirements for Operator Protective Guards (ISO 10262:1998, MOD);
——GB/T 21153-2007 Earth-moving Machinery - Units for Dimensions Performance and Capacities and Their Measurement Accuracies (ISO 9248:1992, MOD);
——GB 25684.1-2010 Earth-moving Machinery - Safety - Part 1: General Requirements (ISO 20474-1:2008, MOD).
This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Earth-moving Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 334).
The previous edition of the standard is as follows:
——GB/T 25625-2010.
Earth-moving Machinery - Trainer Seat - Deflection Limiting Volume, Space Envelope and Performance Requirements
1 Scope
This standard specifies the trainer-seat defection limiting volume (DLV), space envelope and performance requirements, and dimensions, for use in laboratory evaluations of protective structures on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.
The effects of vibration are not considered a significant risk for short-term or temporary seats and are therefore outside the scope of this standard.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2867 Earth-moving Machinery - Access Systems
ISO 3411 Earth-moving Machinery - Physical Dimensions of Operators and Minimum Operator Space Envelope
ISO 3449 Earth-moving Machinery - Falling-object Protective Structures - Laboratory Tests and Performance Requirements
ISO 3471 Earth-moving Machinery - Roll-over Protective Structures - Laboratory Tests and Performance Requirements
ISO 5006 Earth-moving Machinery - Operator's Field of View - Test Method and Performance Criteria
ISO 5353 Earth-moving Machinery，and Tractors and Machinery for Agriculture and Forestry - Seat Index Point
ISO 6165 Earth-moving Machinery - Basic Type - Identification and Terms and Definitions
ISO 6683 Earth-moving Machinery - Seat Belts and Seat Belt Anchorages - Performance Requirements and Tests
ISO 9248 Earth-moving Machinery - Units for Dimensions，Performance and Capacities，and Their Measurement Accuracies
ISO 10262 Earth-moving Machinery - Hydraulic Excavators - Laboratory Tests and Performance Requirements for Operator Protective Guards
ISO 12117-2 Earth-moving Machinery - Laboratory Tests and Performance Requirements for Protective Structures of Excavators - Part 2: Roll-over Protective Structures (ROPS) for Excavators of over 6t
ISO 20474-1 Earth-moving Machinery - Safety - Part 1: General Requirements
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
locating axis; LA
horizontal axis for positioning the DLV (3.2) with respect to the seat index point (SIP)
3.2
deflection limiting volume; DLV
orthogonal approximation of a large, seated operator, as defined in ISO 3411, wearing normal clothing and a protective helmet
Note 1: Adapted from ISO 3164:1995, definition 3.1.
Note 2: The DLV applies to the operator, whereas the trainer DLV (3.7) applies to the trainer and trainer seat.
3.3
operator space
space around the operator
3.4
orthogonal top head plane
upper 270mm×330mm rectangular horizontal surface of the DLV for FOPS testing
See Figure A.1.
3.5
trainer seat
seat installed in the operator’s compartment, adjacent to or behind the operator’s seat, for short-term or temporary usage for the primary purpose of training an operator
3.6
trainer space envelope
envelope in which the trainer performs job tasks
3.7
trainer DLV
approximation of a large, seated trainer wearing normal clothing and a protective helmet
See Figure A.1.
Note: Adapted from ISO 3164:1995, definition 3.1. (The trainer is assumed to be the same size as the large operator in that definition and in definition 3.2).
3.8
handhold
device which the trainer can hold onto, providing support and preventing body movement
4 Requirements
4.1 Seat dimensions
Trainer seats shall have dimensions in accordance with Table 1, unless a deviation is justified based on unusual ergonomic considerations. All dimensions shall be referenced to the seat index point (SIP), determined in accordance with ISO 5353. The trainer seat may consist of independent cushions, provided they conform to the required dimensions.
4.2 Trainer seat location
4.2.1 The trainer seat shall be installed within the operator’s station.
4.2.2 No portion of the trainer seat shall be located in the sector of vision A, as defined in ISO 5006. The trainer seat shall be positioned so as to provide adequate visibility for observing the operator and the work environment. The location of the trainer seat shall not interfere with the safe operation of the machine by the operator.
4.3 Trainer space envelope dimensions/adjustment/suspension
The trainer space envelope shall have the dimensions given in Figure 1. Seat adjustment and suspension is not required for a trainer seat.
4.4 FOPS or top-guard requirements for trainer seats
The FOPS (falling-object protective structure) requirements of ISO 3449 or top-guard requirements of ISO 10262 apply to the trainer seat using the trainer DLV, in accordance with Annex A. Results from FOPS or top-guard testing for the operator may be used to evaluate and verify compliance with this standard if the cab structure is shown through analysis to be stronger above the trainer.
4.5 ROPS requirements for trainer seats
4.5.1 General
The ROPS (roll-over protective structure) requirements given in ISO 3471 or ISO 12117-2, together with the provisions of 4.5.2 and 4.5.3, apply to trainer seats. Results from ROPS testing in accordance with ISO 3471 or ISO 12117-2 for the operator may also be used to evaluate and verify compliance with 4.5.3.
See also Annex B.
4.5.2 ROPS test procedure
Test the ROPS structure in accordance with ISO 3471 or ISO 12117-2, using the trainer DLV provisions given in Annexes A and B.
4.5.3 ROPS acceptance criteria
The acceptance criteria of ISO 3471 or ISO 12117-2, together with those of Annex B, apply.
4.6 Trainer seat ROPS/FOPS or top-guard labelling
If the acceptance criteria given in Annex B have been met, a reference to this standard shall be added to the ROPS/FOPS or top-guard label.
4.7 Materials
Materials used for the trainer seat and its fittings shall be fame-retardant and in accordance with ISO 20474-1.
4.8 Handhold
A handhold meeting the dimensional requirements for handholds given in ISO 2867 shall be placed within arm’s reach of the person seated in the trainer seat. The handhold may be the same one as that used to push to open or pull to close the door. The door latch mechanism for latching and unlatching the door shall not be used as a handhold.
4.9 Storage
The trainer seat may be stored or removed when not in use.
4.10 Restraint system
The trainer seat shall have a restraint system (e.g. seat belt and seat belt anchorage) in accordance with ISO 6683.
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Requirements
Annex A (Normative) Trainer DLV Dimensions
Annex B (Normative) Trainer DLV Acceptance Criteria
ICS 53.100
P 97
中华人民共和国国家标准
GB/T 25625—2017/ISO 13459：2012
代替GB/T 25625—2010
土方机械 教练员座椅 挠曲极限量、环境空间和性能要求
Earth-moving machinery—Trainer seat—Deflection limiting volume，
space envelope and performance requirements
(ISO 13459：2012，IDT)
2017-12-29发布 2018-07-01实施
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局
中国国家标准化管理委员会
发布
前言
本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。
本标准代替GB/T 25625—2010《土方机械 自卸车 教练员座椅/环境空间》。本标准与GB/T 25625—2010相比，除编辑性修改外主要技术变化如下：
——修改了标准的名称；
——修改了标准的适用范围(见第1章，2010年版的第1章)；
——修改、增加了规范性引用文件(见第2章，2010年版的第2章)；
——修改、增加了术语和定义(见第3章，2010年版的第3章)；
——修改了“座椅尺寸”“教练员座椅位置”“教练员环境空间的尺寸/调整/悬架”“材料”“扶手”“贮存”和“约束系统”的要求(见4.1、4.2、4.3、4.7、4.8、4.9和4.10，2010年版的第4章)；
——增加了“教练员座椅的FOPS或顶防护装置要求”“教练员座椅的ROPS要求”和“教练员座椅ROPS/FOPS或顶防护装置标签”的要求(见4.4、4.5和4.6)；
——增加了教练员DLV尺寸和教练员DLV验收标准的规定(见附录A和附录B)；
——增加了参考文献(见参考文献)。
本标准使用翻译法等同采用ISO 13459：2012《土方机械 教练员座椅 挠曲极限量、环境空间和性能要求》。
本标准中规范性引用的国际文件有一致性对应关系的我国文件如下：
——GB/T 8420—2011 土方机械 司机的身材尺寸与司机的最小活动空间(ISO 3411：2007，IDT)；
——GB/T 8498—2017土方机械 基本类型 识别、术语和定义(ISO 6165：2012，IDT)；
——GB/T 8591—2000 土方机械 司机座椅标定点(eqv ISO 5353：1995)；
——GB/T 16937—2010土方机械 司机视野 试验方法和性能准则(ISO 5006：2006，IDT)；
——GB/T 17300—2017 土方机械 通道装置(ISO 2687：2011，IDT)；
——GB/T 17771—2010 土方机械 落物保护结构 试验室试验和性能要求(ISO 3449：2005，IDT)；
——GB/T 17921—2010 土方机械 座椅安全带及其固定器 性能要求和试验(ISO 6683：2005，MOD)；
——GB/T 17922—2014 土方机械 滚翻保护结构 实验室试验和性能要求(ISO 3471：2008，IDT)；
——GB/T 19930.2—2014 土方机械 挖掘机保护结构的实验室试验和性能要求 第2部分：6 t以上挖掘机的滚翻保护结构(ROPS)(ISO 12117—2：2008，IDT)；
——GB/T 19932—2005 土方机械 液压挖掘机 司机防护装置的试验室试验和性能要求(ISO 10262：1998，MOD)；
——GB/T 21153—2007 土方机械 尺寸、性能和参数的单位与测量准确度(ISO 9248：1992，MOD)；
——GB 25684.1—2010 土方机械 安全 第1部分：通用要求(ISO 20474—1：2008，MOD)。
本标准由中国机械工业联合会提出。
本标准由全国土方机械标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 334)归口。
本标准负责起草单位：天津工程机械研究院。
本标准参加起草单位：郑州宇通重工有限公司。
本标准主要起草人：贾晓雯、余礼祥、吴红丽。
本标准所代替标准的历次版本发布情况为：
——GB/T 25625—2010。
土方机械 教练员座椅 挠曲极限量、环境空间和性能要求
1 范围
本标准规定了教练员座椅的挠曲极限量、环境空间和性能要求及尺寸，用于ISO 6165定义的土方机械上保护结构的试验室评价。
短期或临时座椅的振动影响不视为重大危险，因此本标准不考虑振动的影响。
2规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件。其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
ISO 2867土方机械 通道装置(Earth-moving machinery—Access systems)
ISO 3411 土方机械 司机的身材尺寸与司机的最小活动空间(Earth-moving machinery—Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope)
ISO 3449 土方机械 落物保护结构 试验室试验和性能要求(Earth-moving machinery—Falling-object protective structures—Laboratory tests and performance requirements)
ISO 3471 土方机械 滚翻保护结构 实验室试验和性能要求(Earth-moving machinery—Roll-over protective structures—Laboratory tests and performance requirements)
ISO 5006 土方机械 司机视野 试验方法和性能准则(Earth-moving machinery—Operator's field of view—Test method and performance criteria)
ISO 5353农业和林业用土方机械、拖拉机和机械 司机座椅标定点(Earth-moving machinery，and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry—Seat index point)
ISO 6165土方机械 基本类型 识别、术语和定义(Earth-moving machinery—Basic type—Identification and terms and definitions)
ISO 6683土方机械 座椅安全带及其固定器 性能要求和试验(Earth-moving machinery—Seat belts and seat belt anchorages—Performance requirements and tests)
ISO 9248 土方机械 尺寸、性能和参数的单位与测量准确度(Earth-moving machinery—Units for dimensions，performance and capacities，and their measurement accuracies)
ISO 10262土方机械 液压挖掘机 司机防护装置的试验室试验和性能要求(Earth-moving machinery—Hydraulic excavators—Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards)
ISO 12117—2土方机械 挖掘机保护结构的实验室试验和性能要求 第2部分：6 t以上挖掘机的滚翻保护结构(ROPS)(Earth-moving machinery—Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators—Part 2：Roll-over protective structures(ROPS)for excavators of over 6 t)
ISO 20474—1 土方机械 安全 第1部分：通用要求(Earth-moving machinery—Safety—Part 1：General requirements)
3术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
定位轴locating axis；LA
DLV(3.2)相对于座椅标定点(SIP)位置的水平轴。
3.2
挠曲极限量deflection limiting volume；DLV
ISO 341.1规定的穿普通衣服、戴安全帽、坐姿高大身材司机的垂直投影近似值。
注1：改写ISO 3164：1995，定义3.1。
注2：该DLV适用于司机，而教练员DLV(3.7)适用于教练员和教练员座椅。
3.3
司机空间operator space
司机周围的空间。
3.4
正交顶面 orthogonal top head plane
用于FOPS试验.DLV上部270 mm×330 mm的矩形水平面。
见图A.1。
3.5
教练员座椅trainer seat
安装在司机室内，靠近司机座椅或在其后方，短期或临时使用培训司机用的座椅。
3.6
教练员环境空间trainer space envelope
教练员履行工作职责所在的空间。
3.7
教练员DLV trainer DLV
穿普通衣服、戴安全帽、高大身材、坐姿教练员的近似值。
见图A.1。
注：改写ISO 3164：1995，定义3.1。(该教练员假设为与该定义和定义3.2中规定的高大身材司机同样身材)。
3.8
扶手handhold
教练员可抓握的装置，该装置提供支撑并防止身体移动。
4 要求
4.1 座椅尺寸
教练员座椅的尺寸应符合表1的规定，基于特殊的人类工效学考虑的合理偏差除外。所有尺寸应以ISO 5353规定的座椅标定点(SIP)为基准。教练员座椅可由独立的坐垫构成，只要它们的尺寸符合要求。
4.2教练员座椅位置
4.2.1 教练员座椅应安装在司机室内。
4.2.2 教练员座椅的任何部分不应位于ISO 5006中定义的视野A区内。教练员座椅应放置在易于观察司机和操作环境的位置。教练员座椅的位置应不干涉司机对机器的安全操作。
4.3教练员环境空间的尺寸/调整/悬浮
教练员环境空间的尺寸见图1。教练员座椅不需要座椅调整装置和悬浮装置。
4.4 教练员座椅的FOPS或顶防护装置要求
ISO 3449中的FOPS(落物保护结构)要求或ISO 10262中的顶防护装置要求适用于使用符合附录A规定教练员DLV的教练员座椅。如果经分析教练员上面的司机室结构强度更高，司机的FOPS或顶防护装置试验的结果可用于评价和验证其是否符合本标准。
4.5教练员座椅的ROPS要求
4.5.1 一般要求
ISO 3471或ISO 12117-2中给出的ROPS(滚翻保护结构)要求，与4.5.2和4.5.3的规定适用于教练员座椅。按照ISO 3471或ISO 12117-2得出的ROPS试验结果可用于评价和验证是否符合4.5.3的规定。
见附录B。
4.5.2 ROPS试验程序
使用附录A和附录B规定的教练员DLV，按照ISO 3471或ISO 12117-2的规定进行ROPS结构试验。
4.5.3 ROPS验收标准
验收标准是ISO 3471或ISO 12117-2与附录B。
4.6 教练员座椅ROPS/FOPS或顶防护装置标签
如果满足附录8的验收标准，应在ROPS/FOPS或顶防护装置标签中增加提及本标准。
4.7材料
教练员座椅及其配件所用的材料应阻燃且符合ISO 20474-1的规定。
4.8 扶手
扶手尺寸应符合ISO 2867的规定，扶手应位于坐在教练员座椅中的人手臂可及范围内。扶手可用于推开门或关门，不可用于锁门和拉开门栓。
4.9 贮存
教练员座椅在不使用时可以保留或拆除。
4.10约束系统
教练员座椅应具有符合ISO 6683规定的约束系统(如座椅安全带和安全带固定器)。
表1 教练员座椅尺寸 单位为毫米
尺寸 名称 最大值 基本值 最小值
B 坐垫长度 320 300 215
D 坐垫宽度 360 300
G 靠背垫高度 400 150
H 靠背垫宽度 360 300
J 靠背垫角度 15° 10° 0°
SIP见ISO 5353。
单位为毫米
R1≥1 050(戴安全帽)或R1≥1 000(不戴安全帽)。SIP见ISO 5353。
图1 教练员环境空间
附 录 A
(规范性附录)
教练员DLV尺寸
教练员DLV的尺寸应按图A.1所示。
注：正交顶面圆形DLV用于FOPS试验。
单位为毫米
说明：A是前边界面、B是后边界面。SIP见ISO 5353。
a可减少到避免干涉地板。
b机器零件或控制元件可能导致双脚分开。最低限度是两侧应保持ISO 3411中防止双脚和双腿挤压的体积。
c双脚可向后移动45 mm。
图A.1 教练员DLV尺寸
附 录 B
(规范性附录)
教练员DLV验收标准
B.1 教练员DLV，SIP的上部应允许以下旋转(见图B.1)和调整。
a)在横向和纵向加载期间，允许教练员DLV上部向ROPS侧面或前面绕定位轴(LA)(见3.1和ISO 5353)旋转为不大于15°。在LA下部的DLV可忽略。教练员DLV的旋转应≤15°。如果小角度干涉机器部件或控制装置，则该角度应限制旋转。由于教练员DLV上的安装面变形，允许安装上部附加的旋转；
b)对于高大身材教练员的软组织挠曲，教练员DLV允许向ROPS的加载方向横向或纵向调整50 mm。
B.2 当教练员DLV向ROPS挠曲方向旋转到最大角度16°，司机空间应允许司机DLV旋转到最大角度15°，以避免两个DLV的干涉。
B.3刚性机架自卸车有比教练员座椅接近机器边缘的司机座椅，或有侧安装司机室，在发生滚翻时向教练员座椅一侧有不可评估的横向加载，教练员座椅(见4.5)应符合ISO 3471的ROPS要求。
B.4测量准确度应符合ISO 9248的规定。
a)压路机侧向座椅上横向加载
b)推土机上纵向加载
c)压路机向前座椅横向加载
图B.1 SIP上部DLV的允许旋转角度
参 考 文 献
[1]GB/T 17772—1999土方机械 保护结构的实验室鉴定 挠曲极限量的规定(ISO 3164：1995，IDT)
[2]GB/T 25624—2010土方机械 司机座椅尺寸和要求(ISO 11112：1995，IDT)
