标准编号:	GB/T 14684-2022
中文名称:	建设用砂
英文名称:	Sand for construction
中标分类:	Q13    混凝土、集料、灰浆、砂浆
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	91.100.15 91.100.15    矿物材料和产品 91.100.15
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2022-4-15
实施日期:	2022-11-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB/T 14684-2011 建设用砂
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	37000 字
翻译价格(元):	2590.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents. This document replaces GB/T 14684-2011 Sand for construction. In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect GB/T 14684-2011: a) The definition of "natural sand" is modified (see 3.1 hereof; 3.1 of Edition 2011); b) The definition of "manufactured sand" is modified (see 3.2 hereof; 3.2 of Edition 2011); c) The term and definition of "mixed sand" are added (see 3.3); d) The term and definition of "flaky particles in manufactured sand" are added (see 3.9); e) The definition of "methylene blue value" is modified (see 3.12 hereof; 3.10 of Edition 2011); f) The classification of sand is modified (see 4.1 hereof; 4.1 and 4.2 of Edition 2011); g) The technical requirements for particle grading of Category I sand are changed (see 6.1 hereof; 6.1 of Edition 2011); h) The technical requirements for fine content and clay lumps and friable particles content are changed (see 6.2 and 6.3 hereof; 6.2 of Edition 2011); i) The technical requirements for hazardous substances are changed (see 6.4 hereof; 6.3 of Edition 2011); j) The technical requirements for flaky particles content in manufactured sand of Category I sand are added (see 6.7); k) The technical requirements for alkali-aggregate reaction are changed (see 6.10 hereof; 6.6 of Edition 2011);   l) The test method for clay lumps and friable particles content is modified (see 7.6 hereof; 7.6 of Edition 2011); m) The test method for chloride content is modified (see 7.11 hereof; 7.11 of Edition 2011); n) The test method for flaky particles content in manufactured sand is added (see 7.15); o) The test method for alkali-carbonate reaction of manufactured sand is added (see 7.19.4); p) The items of end-of-manufacturing inspection and type inspection are changed (see 8.1.1 and 8.1.2 hereof; 8.1.1 and 8.1.2 of Edition 2011); q) The batching rules are changed (see 8.2 hereof; 8.2 in Edition 2011). This document was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of China Building Materials Federation. The previous editions of this document are as follows: ——This document was firstly issued in 1993, revised in 2001 for the first time and in 2011 for the second time; ——This is the third revision.   Introduction The issuing body of this document draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent in 7.15 concerning a method for determining the flaky particles content in the manufactured sand for concrete. The issuing body of this document takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent. The holder of this patent right has assured the issuing body of this document that he allows any organization or individual to apply this patent for free under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions during implementing this document. Information of this patent may be obtained from: Name of patent holder: Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, and University of Science and Technology Beijing Address: No.1, Exhibition Hall Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China Contact: SONG Shaomin Tel.: 13911455983 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Sand for construction 1 Scope This document specifies the classification and category, general requirements, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, and marking, storage and transportation of sand for construction. This document applies to sand for cement concrete and its products as well as that for ordinary mortar in construction. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 175 Common portland cement GB/T 601 Chemical reagent - Preparations of reference titration solutions GB/T 2419 Test method for fluidity of cement mortar GB/T 6003.1 Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth GB/T 6003.2 Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 2: Test sieves of metal wire cloth GB 6566 Limits of radionuclides in building materials GB 8076-2008 Concrete admixtures GB/T 17671 Test method of cement mortar strength (ISO method) SL/T 352-2020 Test code for hydraulic concrete 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 natural sand rock particles with a particle size of smaller than 4.75mm, which are formed from rocks after breaking, weathering, sorting, migration and sedimentation under natural conditions Note: natural sand includes river sand, lake sand, mountain sand and purified sea sand, but does not include soft and weathered particles.   3.2 manufactured sand particles with a particle size of smaller than 4.75mm meeting the grading, particle shape and fine content requirements, which are made from rocks, pebbles, mine waste rocks, tailings, etc. through mechanical crushing, shaping, sieving, fine content control and other processes, with soil removed first Note: manufactured sand does not include soft and weathered particles. 3.3 mixed sand sand made by mixing manufactured sand and natural sand in a certain proportion 3.4 clay content content of particles with a size smaller than 75μm in natural sand 3.5 fine content content of particles with a size smaller than 75μm in manufactured sand 3.6 clay lumps and friable particles content content of particles with a size smaller than 0.60mm after water immersion elutriation or other treatments but whose original particle size is greater than 1.18mm in sand 3.7 fineness modulus a measure of sand fineness 3.8 soundness resistance of sand to cracking under the action of external physical or chemical factors 3.9 flaky particles in manufactured sand particles with the minimum one-dimensional size smaller than 0.45 times the average particle size of corresponding particle grade among the particles with a size greater than 1.18mm in manufactured sand 3.10 lightweight material material with an apparent density of less than 2,000kg/m3 in sand 3.11 alkali-aggregate reaction slow expansion reaction between alkali active minerals in sand and concrete compositions such as cement, mineral admixtures and additives as well as alkali in the environment under humid conditions, which leads to concrete cracking and destruction 3.12 methylene blue value MB value index for determining the adsorption performance of manufactured sand 4 Classification and categories 4.1 Classification 4.1.1 Sand for construction may be classified into natural sand, manufactured sand and mixed sand according to the source of production. 4.1.2 Sand for construction may be classified into coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand and extra fine sand according to the fineness modulus as follows: ——Coarse sand: 3.7~3.1; ——Medium sand: 3.0~2.3; ——Fine sand: 2.2~1.6; ——Extra fine sand: 1.5~0.7. 4.2 Categories Sand for construction may be classified into Categories I, II and III according to the technical requirements for particle grading, clay content (fine content), methylene blue (MB) value, clay lumps and friable particles content, hazardous substances, soundness, crushing index, and flaky particles content in manufactured sand. 5 General requirements 5.1 In addition to the requirements of 6.4, the hazardous substances in the manufactured sand produced with mine waste rocks and tailings shall also meet the requirements of China’s relevant standards and norms on environmental protection and safety.   5.2 The technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, and marking, storage and transportation of mixed sand shall be implemented according to those of manufactured sand. 6 Technical requirements 6.1 Particle grading 6.1.1 Except for extra fine sand, the cumulative percentage retained on sieve of Category I sand shall meet the requirements of Zone 2 in Table 1, and the percentages retained on sieve of this category shall meet the requirements of Table 2; and the cumulative percentage retained on sieve of Categories II and III sand shall meet the requirements of Table 1. The actual particle grading of sand may be slightly exceeded except for the 4.75mm and 0.60mm sieve grades, but the sum of the excess of cumulative percentage retained on sieve of all grades shall not be greater than 5%.

Foreword II Introduction IV 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Classification and categories 5 General requirements 6 Technical requirements 7 Test methods 8 Inspection rules 9 Marking, storage and transportation

建设用砂 1 范围 本文件规定了建设用砂的分类与类别，总体要求，技术要求，试验方法，检验规则，标志、储存和运输。 本文件适用于建设工程中水泥混凝土及其制品和普通砂浆用砂。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 175 通用硅酸盐水泥 GB／T 601 化学试剂 标准滴定溶液的制备 GB／T 2419 水泥胶砂流动度测定方法 GB／T 6003.1 试验筛 技术要求和检验 第1部分：金属丝编织网试验筛 GB／T 6003.2 试验筛 技术要求和检验 第2部分：金属穿孔板试验筛 GB 6566 建筑材料放射性核素限量 GB 8076-2008 混凝土外加剂 GB／T 17671 水泥胶砂强度检验方法(ISO法) SL／T 352-2020 水工混凝土试验规程 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 天然砂 natural sand 在自然条件作用下岩石产生破碎、风化、分选、运移、堆／沉积，形成的粒径小于4.75 mm的岩石颗粒。 注：天然砂包括河砂、湖砂、山砂，净化处理的海砂，但不包括软质、风化的颗粒。 3.2 机制砂 manufactured sand 以岩石、卵石、矿山废石和尾矿等为原料，经除土处理，由机械破碎、整形、筛分、粉控等工艺制成的，级配、粒形和石粉含量满足要求且粒径小于4.75 mm的颗粒。 注：机制砂不包括软质、风化的颗粒。 3.3 混合砂 mixed sand 由机制砂和天然砂按一定比例混合而成的砂。 3.4 含泥量 clay content 天然砂中粒径小于75μm的颗粒含量。 3.5 石粉含量 fine content 机制砂中粒径小于75μm的颗粒含量。 3.6 泥块含量 clay lumps and friable particles content 砂中原粒径大于1.18 mm，经水浸泡、淘洗等处理后小于0.60 mm的颗粒含量。 3.7 细度模数 fineness modulus 衡量砂粗细程度的指标。 3.8 坚固性 soundness 砂在外界物理化学因素作用下抵抗破裂的能力。 3.9 片状颗粒 flaky particles in manufactured sand 机制砂中粒径1.18 mm以上的机制砂颗粒中最小一维尺寸小于该颗粒所属粒级的平均粒径0.45倍的颗粒。 3.10 轻物质 lightweight material 砂中表观密度小于2 000 kg／m3的物质。 3.11 碱骨料反应 alkali-aggregate reaction 砂中碱活性矿物与水泥、矿物掺合料、外加剂等混凝土组成物及环境中的碱在潮湿环境下缓慢发生并导致混凝土开裂破坏的膨胀反应。 3.12 亚甲蓝值 methylene blue value MB值 用于判定机制砂吸附性能的指标。 4 分类与类别 4.1 分类 4.1.1 按产源分为天然砂 、机制砂和混合砂。 4.1.2 按细度模数分为粗砂、中砂、细砂和特细砂，其细度模数分别为： ——粗砂：3.7～3.1； ——中砂：3.0～2.3； ——细砂：2.2～1.6； ——特细砂：1.5～0.7。 4.2 类别 建设用砂按颗粒级配、含泥量(石粉含量)、亚甲蓝(MB)值、泥块含量、有害物质、坚固性、压碎指标、片状颗粒含量技术要求分为Ⅰ类Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类。 5 总体要求 5.1 用矿山废石和尾矿等生产的机制砂有害物质除应符合6.4的规定外，还应符合我国环保和安全相关标准、规范的要求。 5.2 混合砂的技术要求，试验方法，检验规则，标志、储存和运输等应按机制砂执行。 6 技术要求 6.1 颗粒级配 6.1.1 除特细砂外，Ⅰ类砂的累计筛余应符合表1中2区的规定，分计筛余应符合表2的规定；Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类砂的累计筛余应符合表1的规定。砂的实际颗粒级配除4.75 mm和0.60 mm筛挡外，可以超出，但各级累计筛余超出值总和不应大于5%。 表1 累计筛余 砂的分类 天然砂 机制砂、混合砂 级配区 1区 2区 3区 1区 2区 3区 方筛孔尺寸／mm 累计筛余／% 表2 分计筛余 方筛孔尺寸／mm 4.75R 2.36 1.18 0.60 0.30 0.15b 筛底c 分计筛余／% 0～10 10～15 10～25 20～31 20～30 5～15 0～20 a 对于机制砂，4.75 mm筛的分计筛余不应大于5%。 b 对于MB＞1.4的机制砂，0.15 mm筛和筛底的分计筛余之和不应大于25%。 c 对于天然砂，筛底的分计筛余不应大于10% 6.1.2 Ⅰ类砂的细度模数应为2.3～3.2。 6.2 天然砂的含泥量、机制砂的亚甲蓝值与石粉含量 6.2.1 天然砂的含泥量应符合表3的规定。 表3 天然砂的含泥量 类别 Ⅰ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅲ类 含泥量(质量分数)／% ≤1.0 ≤3.0 ≤5.0 6.2.2 机制砂的石粉含量应符合表4的规定。 表4 机制砂的石粉含量 类别 亚甲蓝值(MB) 石粉含量(质量分数)／% Ⅰ类 MB≤0.5 ≤15 0.5＜MB≤1.0 ≤10 1.0＜MB≤1.4或快速试验合格 ≤5.0 MB＞1.4或快速试验不合格 ≤1.0a Ⅱ类 MB≤1.0 ≤15 1.0＜MB≤1.4或快速试验合格 ≤10.0 MB＞1.4或快速法不合格 ≤3.0a Ⅲ类 MB≤1.4或快速试验合格 ≤15.0 MB＞1.4或快速法不合格 ≤5.0a 注：砂浆用砂的石粉含量不做限制。 a 根据使用环境和用途，经试验验证﹐由供需双方协商确定，Ⅰ类砂石粉含量可放宽至不大于3.0%，Ⅱ类砂石粉含量可放宽至不大于5.0%﹐Ⅲ类砂石粉含量可放宽至不大于7.0%。 6.3 泥块含量 砂的泥块含量应符合表5的规定。 表5 泥块含量 类别 Ⅰ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅲ类 泥块含量(质量分数)／% ≤0.2 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 6.4 有害物质 砂中如含有云母、轻物质、有机物、硫化物及硫酸盐、氯化物、贝壳，其含量应符合表6的规定。 表6 有害物质含量 类别 Ⅰ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅲ类 云母(质量分数)／% ≤1.0 ≤2.0 轻物质(质量分数)a／% ≤1.0 有机物 合格 硫化物及硫酸盐(按SO3质量计)／% ≤0.5 氯化物(以氣离子质量计)／% ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.06b 贝壳(质量分数)c／% ≤3.0 ≤5.0 ≤8.0 a 天然砂中如含有浮石、火山渣等天然轻骨料时，经试验验证后，该指标可不做要求。 b 对于钢筋混凝土用净化处理的海砂，其氯化物含量应小于或等于0.02%。 c 该指标仅适用于净化处理的海砂，其他砂种不做要求。 6.5 坚固性 采用硫酸钠溶液法进行试验时，砂的质量损失应符合表7的规定。 表7 坚固性指标 类别 Ⅰ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅲ类 质量损失率／% ≤8 ≤10 6.6 压碎指标 机制砂的压碎指标还应满足表8的规定。 表8 机制砂压碎指标 类别 Ⅰ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅲ类 单级最大压碎指标／% ≤20 ≤25 ≤30 6.7 片状颗粒含量 Ⅰ类机制砂的片状颗粒含量不应大于10%。 6.8 表观密度、松散堆积密度和空隙率 除特细砂外，砂表观密度、松散堆积密度和空隙率应符合下列规定： ——表观密度不小于2 500 kg／m3； ——松散堆积密度不小于1 400 kg／m3，空隙率不大于44%。 6.9 放射性 砂的放射性应符合GB 6566的规定。 6.10 碱骨料反应 当需方提出要求时，应出示膨胀率实测值及碱活性评定结果。 6.11 含水率和饱和面干吸水率 当需方提出要求时，应出示其实测值。 7 试验方法 7.1 试样 7.1.1 试样数量 单项试验的最少取样质量应符合表9的规定。若进行几项试验时，如能保证试样经一项试验后不致影响另一项试验的结果，可用同一试样进行几项不同的试验。