标准编号:	GB 9274-1988
中文名称:	色漆和清漆 耐液体介质的测定
英文名称:	Paints and varnishes; Determination of resistance to liquids
中标分类:	G50    涂料基础标准与通用方法
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	87.040 87.040    涂料和清漆 87.040
发布机构:	国家标准局
发布日期:	1988-04-19
实施日期:	1989-1-1
标准状态:	valid
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	6000 字
翻译价格(元):	400.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

This standard is an equivalent adoption of international standard "Paints and Varnishes-Determination of Resistance to Liquids" (ISO 2812-1974). 1 Subject Content and Application Scope This standard specifies three test methods for determining the resistance of single coating or multi-coating of paints and varnishes or painting test pieces to the action of liquids, the test methods are immersion method, absorbent medium method and spotting method. The method to be used depends on the particular requirements and coating resistance of the test material. 2 Normative References GB 912 Plain Carbon Structural Steel and Low Alloy Structural Steel Sheets Technical Conditions GB 1727 Methods of Producing Films of Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers and Related Products on Test Panels GB 1764 Methods of Test for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Paints GB 2520 Cold-reduced Electrolytic Tinplate GB 3186 Sampling Paint Products GB 3880 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Rolled Sheet GB 9271 Paints and Varnishes Standard Panels for Testing 3 Sampling It shall be carried out according to the requirements specified in GB 3186. 4 Test Pieces 4.1 Material and dimension 4.1.1 Test panel Unless otherwise specified or agreed, the test panels shall be tinplate (GB 2520): 50mm×120mm×0.2~0.3mm, steel plate (GB 912), plain carbon cold rolled steel: 50mm×120mm×0.45~0.55mm, aluminum plate (GB 3880 LY12): 50mm×120mm×1~2mm . 4.1.2 Test rod (for immersion method only) One end of each rod shall be rounded to approximate the radius of the rod itself and the other end shall have hole or ring. Unless otherwise specified, the rods shall be of steel or aluminum. Suitable dimensions for the rods are φ15mm×150mm diameter. 4.2 Preparation and coating 4.2.1 Test panel Unless otherwise specified or agreed, the test panels shall be prepared and coated in accordance with those specified in GB 9271. Generally, it is necessary for the back of the panel to be coated with a suitable protective paint or product under test, the edges of the test panel shall be sealed by suitable means. 4.2.2 Test rod Unless otherwise specified or agreed, the test rods shall be prepared and coated in accordance with those specified in GB 1727. 4.2.3 Drying the test pieces The coated test pieces shall be dried (or stoved and placed) for the specified time and, unless otherwise agreed, shall be conditioned at a temperature of 23±2℃ and a relative humidity of 50%±5%. The disposal time shall be in accordance with those specified in product standard or GB 1727. Generally, the minimum time is 16h (except drying paint).4.2.4 Determinate the thickness of coating It shall be determined according to those specified in GB 1764. 5 Test Procedure - Method A (Immersion Method) 5.1 Liquid materials for testing The test liquids shall be those specified in product standard. 5.2 Test temperature The test shall be carried out at a temperature of 23±2℃ unless otherwise specified. 5.3 Test precautions 5.3.1 It is preferable to immerse the test pieces individually in the test liquid, particularly when using liquids of high electrical conductivity in which electrolytic effects could be of some importance. 5.3.2 In certain cases, however, it may be more convenient to immerse several test pieces in a single tank; in these cases, the nature of the test pieces shall be identical and every precaution shall be taken to ensure that the test liquid is unaffected by the test pieces. 5.3.3 The test pieces shall be at least 30mm from the sides of the tank and if several pieces are immersed in the same tank they shall be at least 30mm apart. The test pieces shall be electrically insulated from their supports. 5.4 Procedure A: using a single-phase liquid 5.4.1 Place a sufficient amount of the liquid in a suitable vessel to completely or partially (2/3) immerse the test piece (rod or panel) as specified. Immerse the test piece in an approximately vertical position using suitable supports if necessary. 5.4.2 Cover the container for the duration of the test to minimize the loss of liquid by evaporation or splashing. 5.4.3 If specified, aerate, agitate or circulate the liquid. Aeration shall be carried out by means of a slow stream of air free from oil and grease. If specified, make good any liquid losses by the addition of the test liquid or distilled water at suitable intervals in order to maintain the original volume or concentration. 5.4.4 At the end of the specified immersion period, wash the test piece thoroughly in running water if an aqueous test solution has been used or with a solvent known to be non-injurious to the coating if a non-aqueous test liquid has been used. Remove any residual liquid from the surface by dabbing with a suitable absorbent paper or cloth, and examine the test piece immediately for any signs of deterioration of the coating, if necessary comparing with an identically prepared, but un-immersed, test piece. Examination and comparison shall be repeated after a recovery period if so specified. 5.4.5 If it is required to examine the substrate for signs of attack, remove the coating by the specified method. 5.5 Procedure B: using a two-phase liquid 5.5.1 Insert the coated test piece into a suitable vessel so that it rests by means of suitable supports in an approximately vertical position and, in the case of panels, the broadside is horizontal. 5.5.2 Prepare each of test liquid immediately before use. 5.5.3 Carefully pour the liquid of higher density down the side of the vessel until the test piece (rod or panel) is immersed to a depth of 60mm, unless otherwise specified. Care must be taken not to contaminate the test piece above this level. 5.5.4 Add the second liquid in the same manner until the test piece is immersed totally, unless otherwise specified. Cover the vessel and allow to stand, without agitation. 5.5.5 At the end of the specified immersion period remove the test piece from the test liquids, remove any test liquid from the surface by dabbing with a suitable absorbent paper or cloth, and examine the test piece immediately for any signs of deterioration of the coating in contact with each liquid phase. Compare it if necessary with an identically prepared but un-immersed test piece. Examination and comparison shall be repeated after a recovery period if so specified. 5.5.6 Specimens must not be removed for intermediate examination without subsequent cleaning and repetition of the immersion procedure (see Articles 5.5.1, 5.5.2 and 5.5.3). 5.5.7 If it is required to examine the substrate for signs of attack, remove the coating by the specified method.

1 Subject Content and Application Scope 2 Normative References 3 Sampling 4 Test Pieces 5 Test Procedure - Method A (Immersion Method) 6 Test Procedure - Method B (Using an Absorbent Medium) 7 Test Procedure - Method C (Spotting Method) 8 Test Report Additional Information

中华人民共和国国家标准 色漆和清漆 耐液体 介质的测定 Paints and varnishes—Determination of resistance to liquids UDC 667.6:667 .613.3 GB 9274—88 本标准等效采用国际标准ISO 2812—1974《色漆和清漆——耐液体介质的测定》。 1 主题内容与适用范围 本标准规定了色漆和清漆的漆膜(单一涂层或复合涂层)或涂漆试件耐受液体作用的测定方法，分浸泡法、吸收性介质法、点滴法三种测试方法。使用时要由测试材料的要求和涂料耐受性来定。 2 引用标准 GB 912普通碳素结构钢和低合金结构钢薄钢板 技术条件 GB 1727漆膜一般制备法 GB 1764漆膜厚度测定法 GB 2520电镀锡薄钢板和钢带 GB 3186涂料产品的取样 GB 3880铝及铝合金板材 GB 9271色漆和清漆 标准试板 3取样 按GB 3186的规定进行。 4 试件 4.1材质和尺寸 4.1.1试板 除非另有规定或商定，试板规定为马口铁板(GB 2520)：50mm×120mm×0.2～0.3mm，钢板(GB 912)普通碳素冷轧钢：50mm×120mm×0.45～0.55mm，铝板(GB 3880 LY12)：50mm×120mm×1～2 mm1)。 采用说明： 1)ISO2812—1974规定试板100mm×150mm。 4.1.2试棒(仅适用于浸泡法) 试棒一端应当磨圆，其圆弧半径接近棒本身的半径，另一端有孔或环，除非另有规定，棒应为钢的或铝的，尺寸为φ15mm×150mm。 4.2处理和涂漆 4.2.1试板 除非另有规定或商定，应按GB 9271的规定进行。通常最好试板背面涂适当的保护涂料或受试涂料，试板的边应以适当的方法封住。 4.2.2试棒 除非另有规定或商定，应按GB 1727的规定进行。 4.2.3试件的干燥 除非另有规定，漆膜的试件应按产品标准规定的时间和条件进行干燥(或烘烤和放置)，然后在恒温恒湿(温度23±2℃，相对湿度50％±5％)的条件下处置。处置时间按产品标准或按GB 1727的规定。一般最少放置16h(烘干漆例外)。 4.2.4漆膜厚度测定 按GB 1764测定厚度。 5 试验程序——甲法(浸泡法) 5.1测试用液体材料 按产品标准规定的测试液体。 5.2测试温度 除非另有规定，测试应在23±2℃下进行。 5.3测试注意事项 5.3.1 最好采用单独试件浸入试液槽的方法，因为在使用高电导率的试液时，可能有电解效应存在，这样做就显得更必要了。 5.3.2整个试件浸入试液槽可能较为方便，但试件应是同一性质，以保证试液不受试件的影响。 5.3.3浸入的试件至少离槽内壁30mm，如果数个试件浸入同一个槽中，互相间隔至少应为30mm。试件并应与其支架绝缘。 5.4程序A：使用单相液体 5.4.1 将足够量的试液倒入一适当容器中，以完全或部分( )浸没规定的试件(试棒或试板)，可用适当的支架使试件以几近垂直位置浸入。 5.4.2为减少试液由于蒸发或溅洒损失，容器要加盖。 5.4.3如果规定鼓入空气搅拌或循环这种液体时，鼓气应以脱除油脂的缓慢空气流。如有此规定，就应在适当的时间补加测试液或蒸馏水，补偿液体损失，目的是保持原体积或浓度。 5.4.4当达到规定的浸泡期终点时，如果用的是水溶液，就用水彻底清洗测试件。如果是非水测试液，则用已知对涂层无损害的溶剂来冲洗，以适宜的吸湿纸或布擦拭表面除去残留液体，并立刻检查试件涂层变化现象，可与未浸泡试件对比，如果规定有恢复期，那么应在规定恢复期后，重复这种检查和对比。 5.4.5如果需要检查底材浸蚀现象，用规定方法除去涂层。 5.5程序B：使用两相液体 5.5.1 涂漆试件以适当的支架使它几近垂直的位置放入适当的容器中，对于试板，其宽边为水平的。 5.5.2在使用前即时制备每种试液。 5.5.3除非另有规定，将密度大的液体自容器边倾入，至试件(棒和板)被浸达60mm深度。操作时要小心，务必不要沾染此水平以上的试件。 5.5.4除非另有规定，以同样方式加入第二种液体至试件全部浸没。盖上容器，不要搅动，让其放置。 5.5.5达到规定的浸泡期后，自试液中取出试件，用适当的吸湿纸或布轻轻擦去表面试液，并立即检查试件涂层与每一个液相接触部位的变化现象。如果需要，与同样制备的未浸泡的试件对比。如规定有恢复期，那么在所规定的恢复期后，重复此检查与对比。 5.5.6试件中途检查时，样板不必取出，否则要随即清洗并重复浸泡操作(见5.5.1、5.5.2和5.5.3条)。 5.5.7如果需要检查底材浸蚀现象，用规定方法除去涂层。 6 试验程序——乙法(使用吸收性介质) 6.1 试验材料 6.1.1 吸湿盘：本身应不受测试液影响，一般情况可采用厚1.25mm、直径25mm左右的层压纸板。 6.1.2按产品标准规定的测试液。 6.1.3适当尺寸的表面皿。 6.2测试温度 除非另有规定，测试应在23±2℃进行。 6.3程序 使吸湿盘浸入适当数量的试液，然后让多余液体滴干，将盘放至试板上，使盘均匀地分布，并且至少离试板边缘12mm。用直径约40mm，并且曲率接触不到圆盘的表面皿盖上盘子，使试板在受试期(这种测试期间不应超过7 d)妥善置于无风环境中。如采用挥发性液体，就可能有必要以新浸透的圆盘加以替换(如此试验应记录在报告中)。 规定的试验期后移去盘子，如果测试液是水溶液，就用水彻底清洗，如果是非水液体，则用对漆膜无损害的已知溶剂彻底清洗。用适当的吸湿纸或布沾吸去残留液体，并立即检查试板涂层变化现象。如规定有恢复期，达恢复期后，应重复检查和对比。 如果需要检查底材的浸蚀现象，按规定方法除去涂层。 7试验程序——丙法(点滴法) 7.1 试验材料 按产品标准规定的测试液。 7.2测试温度 除非另有规定，测试应在23±2℃下进行。 7.3程序 将试板置于水平位置，并在涂层上滴加数滴试液，每滴体积约0.1mL，液滴中心至少间隔20mm，并且至少离试板边缘12mm。 除非另有规定或商定，温度维持在23±2℃，在规定时间内，使试板不受干扰，充分接触空气。如有规定在测试部位以适当方法覆盖以防止过度蒸发。 达到规定期后，如果是水溶液就用水彻底清洗，如果是非水溶液，就用对涂层无损害的溶剂彻底冲洗，并立即检查涂层的变化现象。 如果需要检查底材的浸蚀现象，用规定的方法除去涂层。 8试验报告 试验报告应包括下列内容： a.受试产品的型号、名称、批次、出厂日期及厂名； b.注明本国家标准和有关标准的标准号及标准名称； c.测试规定的详细说明：试件的种类及底材的性质、施工方法和试板的背面涂漆封边细则、是单一涂层还是复合涂层、其干膜厚度、试液的详细说明、测试方法(甲、乙、丙)的选用，如使用甲法应包括浸泡深度、是否要鼓气、搅拌、循环以及是否保持原体积或浓度。如使用乙法要规定层压纸板的详细规格、圆盘替代情况。如使用丙法要规定测试部位是否要覆盖，测试终点如何检查，是否用放大镜检查，是否规定有恢复期； d.试验详细记录及结论； e.试验操作者； f.试验日期。 附加说明： 本标准由全国涂料和颜料标准化技术委员会归口。 本标准由西北油漆厂负责起草。 本标准主要起草人陈宗光、董淑芝、李晓兰。