标准编号:	GB 22128-2019
中文名称:	报废机动车回收拆解企业技术规范
英文名称:	Technical specifications for end-of-life vehicles collecting and dismantling enterprises
中标分类:	Z05    污染控制技术规范
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	13.030.50 13.030.50    回收 13.030.50
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2019-12-17
实施日期:	2019-12-17
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB 22128-2008 报废汽车回收拆解企业技术规范
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	17000 字
翻译价格(元):	730.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. Subclauses 4.2.1a), 4.2.1b), 4.2.3, 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 4.2.6, 4.2.7, 4.3.1b), 4.3.1c), 4.3.2, 4.3.3, 4.3.6, 4.4, 4.5.1b), 4.6, 4.7, 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 7.1.3, 7.2.1, 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 and Clauses 5 and 8 are mandatory, while the rest are recommended. This standard is prepared in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB 22128-2008 "Technical specifications for end-of-life vehicles recycling and dismantling enterprise". In addition to editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to 22128-2008: ——The range of models with reference to the implementation standard has been expanded (see Clause 1 herein, and Clause 1 of the 2008 edition); ——The term and definition of end-of-life vehicles have been modified (see 3.1 herein, and 3.1 of the 2008 edition); ——The term and definition of electric vehicle have been added (see 3.2); ——The term and definition of dismantling have been modified (see 3.4 herein, and 3.3 of the 2008 edition); ——The term and definition of cancellation have been deleted (see 3.4 in the 2008 edition); ——The term and definition of remove have been added (see 3.5); ——The term and definition of end-of-life vehicles collecting and dismantling enterprises have been modified (see 3.7 herein, and 3.5 in the 2008 edition); ——The term and definition of traction battery have been added (see 3.6); ——The term and definition of waste liquid have been modified (see 3.8 herein, and 3.6 in the 2008 edition); ——The term and definition of the dismantling machine have been added (see 3.9); ——The term and definition of the dismantling line have been added (see 3.10); ——The term and definition of reused parts have been added (see 3.11); ——The requirements for dismantling capacity have been added, dividing the company's location into six levels according to the number of motor vehicles, and proposing the total annual dismantling capacity of the region and the minimum annual dismantling capacity requirements of a single collecting and dismantling enterprise (see 4.1); ——The site construction requirements have been modified, adding the site construction requirements for dismantling electric vehicles, and adjusting the minimum operating region of collecting and dismantling enterprises (see 4.2 herein, and 4.1 of the 2008 version); ——The requirements for facilities and equipment have been modified, adding description and classification of necessary equipment for collecting and dismantling enterprises and electric vehicle dismantling facilities (see 4.3 herein, and 4.2 in the 2008 edition); ——The requirements for technical personnel have been modified, adding the personnel requirements for dismantling electric vehicles (see 4.4 herein, and 4.3 in the 2008 edition); ——The requirements of information management have been modified (see 4.5 herein, and 5.1.2, 5.1.3 of the 2008 edition); ——The requirements for safety and environmental protection have been added, including environmental pollution control requirements for site construction, facilities and equipment, and solid waste management (see 4.6, 4.7); ——The collecting technical requirements have been revised, and requirements for inspection and treatment of electric vehicle battery (electricity) leakage have been added (see Clause 5 herein, and 5.1.1 of the 2008 edition); ——The storage technical requirements have been added, adding the safe storage requirements for end-of-life electric vehicles and traction batteries, while adjusting and classifying them according to end-of-life vehicles, solid waste, reused parts and traction batteries (see Clause 6 herein, and the 5.6 of the 2008 edition); ——The technical requirements for dismantling traditional fuel vehicles have been modified, adjusting the dismantling sequence and dismantling content (see 7.2 herein, 5.2 and 5.4 of the 2008 edition); ——The technical requirements for dismantling the traction battery of electric vehicles have been added (see 7.3). This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. The previous edition of this standard is as follows: ——GB 22128-2008. Technical specifications for end-of-life vehicles collecting and dismantling enterprises 1 Scope This standard specifies the terms and definitions for the collecting and dismantling of end-of-life motor vehicles, enterprise requirements, technical requirements for the collecting, storage and dismantling of end-of-life motor vehicles, and implementation time requirements for enterprises. This standard is applicable to enterprises engaged in the business of collecting and dismantling of end-of-life motor vehicles, and enterprises that recycle and dismantle non-road mobile machinery shall also refer to this standard. 2 Normative references The following documents are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use GB/T 3730.1 Motor vehicles and trailers—Types—Terms and definitions GB 12348 Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary GB 15562.2 Graphical signs for environmental protection solid waste storage (disposal) site GB 18597 Standard for pollution control on hazardous waste storage GB 18599 Standard for pollution on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes GB/T 19515 Road vehicles—Recyclability and recoverability—Calculation method GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles GB/T 33000 Guideline of China occupational safety and health management system GB 50016 Code for fire protection design of buildings GB 50037 Code for design of building ground GB 50187 Code for design of general plan of industrial enterprises GBZ 188 Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Surveillance GA 802 Types of motor vehicle - Terms and definitions HJ 348 Environmental protection technical specifications for disassembly of end-of-life vehicles HJ 2025 Technical specifications for collection, storage, transportation of hazardous waste WB/T 1061 Management specification for waste secondary battery recycling Industrial Project Construction Land Control Indicators (Ministry of Land and Resources) National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 19515, GB/T 19596, GB/T 3730.1 and GA 802 and the following apply. 3.1 end-of-life vehicles; ELVs motor vehicles that meet the requirements of the national compulsory scrapping standards for motor vehicles and are scrapped by the owner voluntarily 3.2 electric vehicle; EV the general term for pure electric vehicles, hybrid (electric) vehicles, and fuel cell electric vehicles 3.3 collecting the process of receiving or purchasing, registering, storing, and issuing scrapped-vehicle certificates for end-of-life motor vehicles in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations and relevant requirements 3.4 dismantling the process of non-hazardous treatment of end-of-life motor vehicles, dismantling main assemblies and reusable parts, and disassembling or flattening the body and structural parts 3.5 remove the process of removing and unloading the traction battery from the vehicle 3.6 traction battery batteries that provide energy for the power system of electric vehicles, excluding lead-acid batteries 3.7 ELV collecting and dismantling enterprises an enterprise that has obtained the qualification certification for the collecting and dismantling of end-of-life motor vehicles and is engaged in the business of collecting and dismantling end-of-life motor vehicles 3.8 waste liquid fuel, engine oil, transmission/gearbox (including rear differential and/or transfer case) oil, power steering oil, coolant, brake fluid, shock absorber oil, air-conditioning refrigerant, windshield washer fluid, hydraulic suspension fluid, hydraulic cylinder fluid, urea solution, etc. remaining in end-of-life vehicles 3.9 dismantling machine mechanical equipment equipped with clamping arms and hydraulic shears used for cracking and separating the vehicle body and parts 3.10 dismantling lines a collection of complete sets of equipment and devices for orderly disassembling end-of-life motor vehicles according to a specific dismantling process 3.11 reused parts reusable parts disassembled from end-of-life motor vehicles 4 Requirements for enterprises 4.1 Dismantling capacity requirements 4.1.1 The type of region (prefecture-level city) where the enterprise is located is determined based on the annual total number of vehicles, and the number of enterprises is determined based on the total annual dismantling capacity of the region. The total annual dismantling capacity of the region shall be 4% to 5% of the local number of vehicle. See Table 1 for details of region type classification and annual total dismantling capacity calculation method. Table 1 Types of regions and total annual dismantling capacity Region type Annual number of vehicle in the region/10,000 vehicles The calculation formula for the total annual dismantling capacity of the region I ≥500 Annual number of vehicle × (4%~5%) II 200 (included)~500 III 100 (included)~200 IV 50 (included)~100 V 20 (included)~50 VI <20 4.1.2 The minimum annual dismantling capacity of a single enterprise shall meet the requirements of Table 2. The standard model for the annual dismantling capacity of a single enterprise in Table 2 is a small passenger vehicle as defined in GA 802. Other models are converted based on the curb weight, and the curb weight of the standard model is 1.4t. Table 2 Minimum annual dismantling capacity of a single enterprise Region type Minimum annual dismantling capacity of a single enterprise/10,000 vehicles I 3 II 2 III 1.5 IV 1 V VI 0.5 4.2 Construction site requirements 4.2.1 The construction site selection of enterprise projects shall meet the following requirements: a) Conform to the overall urban planning or the land and space planning of the locality; b) Meet the site selection requirements of GB 50187 and HJ 348, while avoiding urban residential areas, commercial areas, drinking water source protection areas and other environmentally sensitive areas, as well as environmentally threatened zones, sections and areas; c) If there is an industrial park or a collecting park where the project is located, it shall be built in the park. 4.2.2 The minimum operating area (occupied area) of an enterprise shall meet the following requirements: a) The area shall be 20000m2 for Type I ~ II regions, 15000m 2 for Type III ~ IV regions, and 10000m 3 for Type V ~ VI regions; b) The area of the operation site (including the dismantling and storage site) shall not be less than 60% of the total business area. 4.2.3 The enterprise shall strictly follow the construction land standard of the Industrial Project Construction Land Control Indicators, and the site construction shall comply with the environmental protection requirements for enterprise construction specified in HJ 348. 4.2.4 The enterprise shall have a dismantling site, a storage site and an office. Among them, the ground of the dismantling site and storage site (including temporary storage) shall be hardened and seep-proof, and shall meet the requirements of GB 50037 for anti-oil seepage ground. 4.2.5 The dismantling site shall be an enclosed or semi-enclosed structure with good ventilation, sufficient light, and complete safety and environmental protection facilities. 4.2.6 The storage site shall be divided into a storage site for end-of-life motor vehicles, a storage site for reused parts, and a storage site for solid waste. The solid waste storage site shall have general industrial solid waste storage facilities that meet the requirements of GB 18599 and hazardous waste storage facilities that meet the requirements of GB 18597. 4.2.7 Enterprises dismantling electric vehicles shall also meet the following site construction requirements: a) There shall be one storage site for electric vehicles, one for traction batteries, and one exclusive site for dismantling traction batteries. These sites shall be equipped with warning signs for high-voltage, isolation region and danger, and they shall also have anti-corrosion and anti-seepage emergency collection pools and special containers for collecting toxic and harmful liquids such as electrolyte and coolant leaked from damaged traction batteries. b) The storage site for electric vehicles shall be managed separately and kept well ventilated. c) The traction battery storage site shall be located away from the warehouses for flammable, explosive and other dangerous goods and the high-voltage transmission line protection region, and shall be equipped with automatic fire alarm facilities such as smoke alarms. d) The ground of the exclusive site for traction battery dismantling shall be insulated.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Requirements for enterprises 5 Technical requirements for collecting 6 Technical requirements for storage 7 Technical requirements for dismantling 8 Implementation time requirements for enterprises Annex A (Informative) Equipment list for ELV collecting and dismantling enterprises Annex B (Informative) Dismantling and storage methods and precautions of main solid wastes of ELVs Annex C (Informative) Examples of dismantling procedure with corresponding equipment

报废机动车回收拆解企业技术规范 1 范围 本标准规定了报废机动车回收拆解的术语和定义、企业要求、报废机动车回收、贮存和拆解的技术要求，以及企业执行时间要求。 本标准适用于从事报废机动车回收拆解经营业务的企业，回收拆解非道路移动机械的企业参照执行。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 2894 安全标志及其使用导则 GB/T 3730.1 汽车和挂车类型的术语和定义 GB 12348 工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准 GB 15562.2 环境保护图形标志 固体废物贮存(处置)场 GB 18597 危险废物贮存污染控制标准 GB 18599 一般工业固体废物贮存、处置场污染控制标准 GB/T 19515 道路车辆 可再利用率和可回收利用率 计算方法 GB/T 19596 电动汽车术语 GB/T 33000 企业安全生产标准化基本规范 GB 50016 建筑设计防火规范 GB 50037 建筑地面设计规范 GB 50187 工业企业总平面设计规范 GBZ 188 职业健康监护技术规范 GA 802 机动车类型 术语和定义 HJ 348 报废机动车拆解环境保护技术规范 HJ 2025 危险废物收集贮存运输技术规范 WB/T 1061 废蓄电池回收管理规范 工业项目建设用地控制指标(国土资源部) 国家危险废物名录 3 术语和定义 GB/T 19515、GB/T 19596、GB/T 3730.1和GA 802界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 报废机动车 end-of-life vehicles； ELVs 达到国家机动车强制报废标准规定的和机动车所有人自愿做报废处理的机动车。 3.2 电动汽车 electric vehicle； EV 纯电动汽车、混合动力(电动)汽车、燃料电池电动汽车的总称。 3.3 回收 collecting 依据国家相关法律法规及有关规定对报废机动车进行接收或收购、登记、贮存、并发放回收证明的过程。 3.4 拆解 dismantling 对报废机动车进行无害化处理、拆除主要总成和可再利用的零部件，对车体和结构件等进行拆分或压扁的过程。 3.5 拆卸 remove 将动力蓄电池从车上拆除并卸下的过程。 3.6 动力蓄电池 traction battery 为电动汽车动力系统提供能量的蓄电池，不包含铅酸蓄电池。 3.7 报废机动车回收拆解企业 ELV collecting and dismantling enterprises 取得报废机动车回收拆解资质认定，从事报废机动车回收拆解经营业务的企业。 3.8 废液 waste liquid 存留在报废机动车中的燃料、发动机机油、变速器/齿轮箱(包括后差速器和/或分动器)油、助力转向油，冷却液、制动液、减震器油、空调制冷剂、风窗玻璃清洗液、液压悬架液、液压缸油液、尿素溶液等。 3.9 解体机 dismantling machine 具有夹臂和液压剪，用于破解、分离车体及零部件的机械设备。 3.10 拆解线 dismantling lines 按特定的拆解工艺，将报废机动车有序拆分的成套设备及装置的集合。 3.11 回用件 reused parts 从报废机动车上拆解的能够再使用的零部件。 4 企业要求 4.1 拆解产能要求 4.1.1 企业所在地区(地级市)类型依据年机动车保有量确定，企业数量依据地区年总拆解产能确定。地区年总拆解产能按当地年机动车保有量的4％～5％设定。地区类型分档和年总拆解产能计算方式详见表1。 表1 地区类型及年总拆解产能 地区类型 地区年机动车保有量/万辆 地区年总拆解产能计算公式 Ⅰ档 500(含)以上 地区年机动车保有量×(4％～5％) Ⅱ档 200(含)～500 Ⅲ档 100(含)～200 Ⅳ档 50(含)～100 Ⅴ档 20(含)～50 Ⅵ档 20以下 4.1.2 单个企业最低年拆解产能应满足表2要求。表2中单个企业年拆解产能标准车型为GA 802中所定义的小型载客汽车，其他车型依据整备质量换算，标准车型整备质量为1.4t。 表2 单个企业最低年拆解产能 地区类型 单个企业最低年拆解产能/万辆 Ⅰ档 3 Ⅱ档 2 Ⅲ档 1.5 Ⅳ档 1 Ⅴ档 Ⅵ档 0.5 4.2 场地建设要求 4.2.1 企业建设项目选址应满足如下要求： a) 符合所在地城市总体规划或国土空间规划； b) 符合GB 50187、HJ 348的选址要求，不得建在城市居民区、商业区、饮用水水源保护区及其他环境敏感区内，且避开受环境威胁的地带、地段和地区； c) 项目所在地有工业园区或再生利用园区的应建设在园区内。 4.2.2 企业最低经营面积(占地面积)应满足如下要求： a) Ⅰ档～Ⅱ档地区为20000m2，Ⅲ档～Ⅳ档地区为15000m2，V档～Ⅵ档地区为10000m3； b) 其中作业场地(包括拆解和贮存场地)面积不低于经营面积的60％。 4.2.3 企业应严格执行《工业项目建设用地控制指标》建设用地标准，且场地建设符合HJ 348的企业建设环境保护要求。 4.2.4 企业场地应具备拆解场地、贮存场地和办公场地。其中，拆解场地和贮存场地(包括临时贮存)的地面应硬化并防渗漏，满足GB 50037的防油渗地面要求。 4.2.5 拆解场地应为封闭或半封闭构建物，应通风、光线良好，安全环保设施设备齐全。 4.2.6 贮存场地应分为报废机动车贮存场地、回用件贮存场地及固体废物贮存场地。固体废物贮存场地应具有满足GB 18599要求的一般工业固体废物贮存设施和满足GB 18597要求的危险废物贮存设施。 4.2.7 拆解电动汽车的企业还应满足以下场地建设要求： a) 具备电动汽车贮存场地、动力蓄电池贮存场地和动力蓄电池拆卸专用场地。场地应设有高压警示，区域隔离及危险识别标志，并具有防腐防渗紧急收集池及专用容器，用于收集动力蓄电池等破损时泄漏出的电解液、冷却液等有毒有害液体。 b) 电动汽车贮存场地应单独管理，并保持通风。 c) 动力蓄电池贮存场地应设在易燃、易爆等危险品仓库及高压输电线路防护区域以外，并设有烟雾报警器等火灾自动报警设施。 d) 动力蓄电池拆卸专用场地地面应做绝缘处理。 4.3 设施设备要求 4.3.1 应具备以下一般拆解设施设备： a) 车辆称重设备； b) 室内或有防雨顶棚的拆解预处理平台； c) 车架(车身)剪断、切割设备或压扁设备，不得仅以氧割设备代替； d) 起重、运输或专用拖车等设备； e) 总成拆解平台； f) 气动拆解工具； g) 简易拆解工具。 4.3.2 应具备以下安全设施设备： a) 安全气囊直接引爆装置或者拆除、贮存、引爆装置； b) 满足GB 50016规定的消防设施设备； c) 应急救援设备。 4.3.3 应具备以下环保设施设备： a) 满足HJ 348要求的油水分离器等企业建设环境保护设备； b) 配有专用废液收集装置和分类存放各种废液的专用密闭容器； c) 机动车空调制冷剂收集装置和分类存放各种制冷剂的密闭容器； d) 分类存放机油滤清器和铅酸蓄电池的容器。 4.3.4 应具备电脑、拍照设备、电子监控等设施设备。 4.3.5 Ⅰ档～Ⅱ档地区的企业还应具备以下高效拆解设施设备： a) 精细拆解平台及相应的设备工装； b) 解体机或拆解线等拆解设备； c) 大型高效剪断、切割设备； d) 集中高效废液回收设备。 4.3.6 拆解电动汽车的企业还应具备以下设施设备及材料： a) 绝缘检测设备等安全评估设备； b) 动力蓄电池断电设备； c) 吊具、夹臂、机械手和升降工装等动力蓄电池拆卸设备； d) 防静电废液、空调制冷剂抽排设备； e) 绝缘工作服等安全防护及救援设备； f) 绝缘气动工具； g) 绝缘辅助工具； h) 动力蓄电池绝缘处理材料； i) 放电设施设备。 4.3.7 应建立设施设备管理制度，制定设备操作规范，并定期维护、更新。 4.3.8 具体设备名称可参见表A.1。 4.4 技术人员要求 4.4.1 企业技术人员应经过岗前培训，其专业技能应能满足规范拆解、环保作业、安全操作等相应要求，并配备专业安全生产管理人员和环保管理人员，国家有持证上岗规定的，应持证上岗。 4.4.2 具有电动汽车拆解业务的企业应具有动力蓄电池贮存管理人员及2人以上持电工特种作业操作证人员。动力蓄电池贮存管理人员应具有动力蓄电池防火、防泄漏、防短路等相关专业知识。拆解人员应在汽车生产企业提供的拆解信息或手册的指导下进行拆解。 4.5 信息管理要求 4.5.1 应建立电子信息档案，按以下方式记录报废机动车回收登记、固体废物信息： a) 对回收的报废机动车进行逐车登记，并按要求将报废机动车所有人(单位)名称、有效证件号码、牌照号码、车型、品牌型号、车身颜色、重量、发动机号和/或动力蓄电池编码、车辆识别代号、出厂年份、接收或收购日期等相关信息录入“全国汽车流通信息管理应用服务”系统，信息保存期限不应低于3年。 b) 将固体废物的来源、种类、产生量、产生时间及处理(流向)等数据，录入到“全国固体废物管理信息系统”或省级生态环境主管部门自建与其联网的相关系统，其中危险废物处理(流向)信息保存期限为3年。 c) 具有电动汽车拆解业务的企业，应按照国家有关规定要求，将报废电动汽车的车辆识别代码、动力蓄电池编码、流向等信息录入“新能源汽车国家检测与动力蓄电池回收利用溯源综合管理平台”。对于因租赁等原因导致动力蓄电池被提前从电动汽车上拆卸回收的情况，应检查保存机动车所有人提供的租赁运营等机构出具的回收证明材料，保存期限不应低于3年。 4.5.2 生产经营场所应设置全覆盖的电子监控系统，实时记录报废机动车回收和拆解过程。相关信息保存期限不应低于1年。 4.6 安全要求 4.6.1 应实施满足GB/T 33000要求的安全管理制度，具有水、电、气等安全使用说明，安全生产规程，防火、防汛、应急预案等。拆除的安全气囊组件应在易燃、易爆等危险品仓库及高压输电线路防护区域以外引爆，并在引爆区域设有爆炸物安全警示标志和隔离栏。 4.6.2 电动汽车拆解作业人员在带电作业过程中应进行安全防护，穿戴好绝缘工作服等必要的安全防护装备。使用的作业工具应是绝缘的或经绝缘处理的。作业时，应有专职监督人员实时监护。 4.6.3 厂内转移报废电动汽车和动力蓄电池应进行固定，防止碰撞、跌落。 4.6.4 场地内应设置相应的安全标志，安全标志的使用应满足GB 2894 中关于禁止、警告、指令、提示标志的要求。 4.6.5 应按照GBZ 188的规定对接触汽油等有害化学因素，噪声、手传振动等有害物理因素的作业人员及粉尘、电工、压力容器等作业人员进行监护。 4.7 环保要求 4.7.1 报废机动车拆解过程应满足HJ 348中所规定的清污分流、污水达标排放等环境保护和污染控制的相关要求。 4.7.2 应实施满足危险废物规范化管理要求的环境管理制度，其中对列入《国家危险废物名录》的危险废物应严格按照有关规定进行管理。 4.7.3 应满足GB 12348中所规定的2类声环境功能区工业企业厂界环境噪声排放限值要求。 4.8 其他要求 常住人口密度低于130人/km2的地区(省级)内企业可根据当地实际情况执行4.1和4.2.2的规定。 5 回收技术要求 5.1 收到报废机动车后，应检查发动机、散热器、变速器、差速器、油箱和燃料罐等总成部件的密封、破损情况。对于出现泄漏的总成部件，应采取适当的方式收集泄漏的液体或封住泄漏处，防止废液渗入地下。 5.2 对报废电动汽车，应检查动力蓄电池和驱动电机等部件的密封和破损情况。对于出现动力蓄电池破损、电极头和线束裸露等存在漏电风险的，应采取适当的方式进行绝缘处理。