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This standard replaces GB 10621-2006 Food additive liquid carbon dioxide.
The following main changes have been made with respect to GB 10621-2006:
——the standard name is changed to “National food safety standard - Food additive - Carbon dioxide”;
——index requirements for solid carbon dioxide and gaseous carbon dioxide are added;
——index requirements for acidity, ethanol, other oxy-organics and phosphine are deleted;
——index requirements for ethylene oxide are added;
——the item name of hydrocarbon is changed to total volatile hydrocarbon;
——the inspection methods for sulfur dioxide, total sulfur, benzene, methanol, acetaldehyde, vinyl chloride, grease and evaporation residue are modified;
——capacitance test method for moisture is added.
National food safety standard
Food additive - Carbon dioxide
1 Scope
This standard is applicable to the food additive carbon dioxide produced by the process of refinement, purification, drying, cooling, pressurization, etc., using carbon dioxide gas generated by alcoholic fermentation, carbonate calcination, synthesis of ammonia, ethylene catalytic oxidation and coal gasification as raw materials.
2 Molecular formula and relative molecular mass
2.1 Molecular formula
CO2
2.2 Relative molecular mass
44.01 (according to the international relative atomic mass in 2013)
3 Technical requirements
3.1 Sensory requirements
Sensory requirements shall meet those specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Sensory requirements
Item Requirement Inspection method
Gaseous carbon dioxide Liquid carbon dioxide Solid carbon dioxide
Color and luster Colorless at gas state, and like white snow or ice at solid state Visual inspection Convert to solid or gaseous form for visual inspection Visual inspection
Odor Slightly sour, without other abnormal odor Add 200mL water into a 500mL beaker, aerate the sample gas to the bottom of water for 20min at a speed of 0.5~1L/min, after aeration, cover the beaker with a watch glass and rotate it, remove the watch glass and quickly smell it for 2~3 times, and evaluate the odor in the upper space Convert to solid or gaseous form for evaluation Smell the sublimated gas
Taste No abnormal taste Add 200mL water into a 500mL beaker, and aerate the sample gas to the bottom of water at a speed of 0.5~1L/min for 20min. Rinse the oral cavity with water, then suck a little amount of aqueous solution to make it in contact with the inside of whole oral cavity, swallow it, and slowly feel the remaining taste for about 8s to evaluate the taste of the aqueous solution Gasify the liquid carbon dioxide, then evaluate the taste of aqueous solution according to the method for gaseous carbon dioxide Add 200mL water into a 500mL beaker, add 10~20g carbon dioxide, and let it sink to the bottom. After it is completely gasified, evaluate the taste of the aqueous solution according to the method for gaseous carbon dioxide
3.2 Physical and chemical indexes
Physical and chemical indexes shall meet those specified in Table 2.
Table 2 Physical and chemical indexes
Item Index Inspection method
Gaseous carbon dioxide Liquid carbon dioxide Solid carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (CO2) content, /% ≥ 99.9 99.9 — Annex A, A.4
Moisture/(μL/L) ≤ 20 20 — Annex A, A.5
Oxygen (O2)/(μL/L) ≤ 30 30 — Annex A, A.6
Carbon monoxidea (CO)/(μL/L) ≤ 10 10 — Annex A, A.7
Grease/(mg/kg) ≤ — 5 13 Annex A, A.8
Evaporation residue/(mg/kg)≤ — 10 25 Annex A, A.9
Nitric oxideb (NO)/(μL/L) ≤ 2.5 Annex A, A.10
Nitrogen dioxidec (NO2)/(μL/L) ≤ 2.5 Annex A, A.10
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)/(μL/L) ≤ 1.0 Annex A, A.11
Total sulfurd (except SO2, calculate by S)/(μL/L) ≤ 0.1 Annex A, A.11
Total volatile hydrocarbonc (calculate by CH4)/(μL/L) ≤ 50 (including non-methane hydrocarbon ≤20) Annex A, A.12
Benzene (C6H6)/(μL/L) ≤ 0.02 Annex A, A.13
Methanol (CH3OH)/(μL/L) ≤ 10 Annex A, A.13
Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)/(μL/L) ≤ 0.2 Annex A, A.13
Ethylene oxidef (CH2CH2O)/(μL/L) ≤ 1.0 Annex A, A.13
Vinyl chloride (CH2CHCl)/(μL/L) ≤ 0.3 Annex A, A.13
Ammonia (NH3)/(μL/L) ≤ 2.5 Annex A, A.14
Hydrogen cyanideg (HCN)/(μL/L) ≤ 0.5 Annex A, A.15
a This index is not tested for the carbon dioxide produced by the feed gas of by-product through ethylene catalytic oxidation and alcoholic fermentation processes.
b This index is not tested for the carbon dioxide produced by the feed gas of by-product through ethylene catalytic oxidation process.
c This index is not tested for the carbon dioxide produced by the feed gas of by-product through ethylene catalytic oxidation process.
d Where the determination result of total sulfur is not greater than 0.1μL/L, the total sulfur (except SO2, calculate by S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are not determined.
e Where the determination result of total volatile hydrocarbon (calculate by CH4) is not greater than 20μL/L, the non-methane hydrocarbon is not determined.
f This index is tested only for the carbon dioxide produced by the feed gas of by-product through ethylene catalytic oxidation process.
g This index is tested only for the carbon dioxide produced by the feed gas of by-product through coal gasification process.
Annex A
Inspection methods
A.1 Warning
The operator shall take appropriate safety and protection measures because certain regents adopted in the inspection methods of this standard are toxic or corrosive.
A.2 General requirements
For the purpose of this standard, unless otherwise specified, all the reagents and water used refer to analytical reagents and Grade 3 water specified in GB/T 6682. Unless otherwise specified, the solution used in the tests refers to the aqueous solution.
A.3 Identification test
A.3.1 Reagents and materials
Acetic acid solution: 1+4.
A.3.2 Identification method
When the carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the barium hydroxide solution, white precipitate will be produced, which will bubble and dissolve in the acetic acid solution.
A.4 Determination of carbon dioxide (CO2) content
A.4.1 Method summary
Absorb the carbon dioxide by potassium hydroxide solution, and the ratio of the difference of gas volume before and after absorption to the gas volume before absorption is the carbon dioxide content.
A.4.2 Reagents and materials
Potassium hydroxide solution: 300g/L.
A.4.3 Apparatus
L-type carbon dioxide content tester is shown in Figure A.1. The volume of absorber (D-A-C) is 100±0.5mL, of which the minimum division value at 99~100mL (E) is 0.05mL, and the error is not greater than ±0.02mL.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Molecular formula and relative molecular mass
3 Technical requirements
Annex A Inspection methods
Annex B Relative retention values of components in carbon dioxide on different chromatographic columns
