标准编号:	GB/T 8814-2017
中文名称:	门、窗用未增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC-U)型材
英文名称:	Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride(PVC-Uprofiles for the doors and windows
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	83.140.01 83.140.01    橡胶和塑料制品综合 83.140.01
发布机构:	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2017-11-01
实施日期:	2018-5-1
标准状态:	现行
替代旧标准:	GB/T 8814-2004 门、窗用未增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC -LT）型材
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	20000 字
翻译价格(元):	1200.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.



This standard replaces GB/T 8814-2004 Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC-U) Profiles for Doors and Windows.



Compared with GB/T 8814-2004, the main technical differences from this standard are as follows:



—— Add general body profiles and decorative profiles in terms and definitions and classification, classification and marking;



—— The wall thickness of the non-visible surface of Type B material should be no less than 2.0mm and should not be less than 2.2mm;



—— Cancel C-type material;



—— Increase drop hammer impact class III of main profile;



—— Increase density requirements;



—— Modify the Vicat softening temperature (VST) to not less than 75 °C to not less than 78 °C;



—— Increase tensile yield stress and tensile fracture strain requirements;



—— increase the requirement for short-term welding coefficient;



—— Increase the requirements for the heat transfer coefficient of the main section;



—— Increase requirements for hazardous substance limits;



—— Add relevant requirements and test methods for all-body profiles and decorative profiles;



——Replace the informative Appendix A of this document in GB/T 8814-2004 with “Comparison of EN 12608:2008 rule number” with “Profile color deviation”, and delete the appendix in GB/T 8814-2004 B and Appendix C.



This standard is proposed by China Light Industry Federation.



This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Standardization Technical Committee for Plastic Products (SAC/TC 48).



The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are:



- GB/T 8814-1988, GB/T 8814-1998, GB/T 8814-2004





Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC-U) Profiles for the Doors and Windows



1 Scope



This standard specifies the material, classification, classification and marking of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) profiles for doors and windows, requirements, test methods, inspection rules, signs, packaging, transportation and storage.

This standard applies to door and window profiles made of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.



2 Normative References



The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this document. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to documents.



GB/T 250-2008

Textiles - Tests for colour fastness

GB/T 1033.1-2008 Plastics - Determination of Density of Non-cellular plastics - Part 1: Immersion Method, Liquid Pycnometer Method and Titration Method

GB/T 1040.2 Plastics - Determination of Tensile Properties - Part 2: Test conditions for Moulded and Extruded Plastics

GB/T 1043.1-2008 Plastics - Determination of Impact Properties of Simple Supported Beams - Part 1: Non-instrumented Impact Test

GB/T 1633-2000 Determination of Vicat Softening Temperature (VST) of Thermoplastics

GB/T 1766-2008 Paints and Varnishes Rating Methods for Coating Ageing

GB/T 2828.1-2012 Count Sampling Inspection Procedures Part 1: Batch Inspection Sampling Plans Retrieved by Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL)

GB/T 6739-2006 Paints and Varnishes Pencil Method for Determination of Film Hardness

GB/T 7122-1996 Determination of High-Strength Adhesive Peel Strength Floating Roller Method

GB/T 8484-2008 Classification and Testing Methods for Insulation Performance Of Doors and Windows Outside Buildings

GB/T 9286-1998 Paints and Varnishes

GB/T 9341-2008 Determination of Bending Properties of Plastics

GB/T 11186.2 Methods for Determining the Color Of Coating Film Part 2: Color Measurement

GB/T 11186.3 Methods for Measuring The Color of Coatings - Part 3: Color Difference Calculation

GB/T 16422.2-2014 Plastics - Laboratory Light Source Exposure Test Methods - Part 2: Xenon Arc Lamps

GB/T 33284 Interior Decorating Materials Unqualified Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC-U) Profiles for Doors and Windows



JG/T 176 Plastic Door and Window Profile Functional Structure Size

JG/T 451-2014 Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Blends for Architectural Plastic Door and Window Profiles



3 Terms and Definitions



The following terms and definitions apply to this document.



3.1

profiles

extruded products with a specific cross-sectional shape



3.2

white profiles

integral material is uniform, and the color is within the profile of CIE 1976 (L*a*b*) color space with L* ≥ 82, -2.5 ≤ a* ≤ 5, -5 ≤ b* ≤ 15



3.3

homogenous profiles

integral material uniform theme



3.4

profiles laminated with foil

profiles that are decorated with a laminated diaphragm to change surface characteristics



3.5

co-extruded profiles

coextruded polymer materials decorate and change the profile of the surface



3.6

coating profiles

profiles that are decorated with paint and change surface characteristics



3.7

main profiles

boxes, fans (except for yarn fans), and subjects



3.8

auxiliary profiles

themes other than the main profile



3.9

sight surface

installed doors, windows, profiled surfaces that can be seen when the doors and windows are closed



3.10

decorative surface

after coating, co-extrusion, coating profiles surface



3.11

special decorative surface

the composition of decoration is non-single color, non-flat surface, etc



3.12

decorative profiles

profile with decorative surface



3.13

base profiles

profiles except for decorative surfaces



3.14

depth of a profiles

D

measure the maximum distance between two visible surfaces in the X-axis direction of the cross-section of the profile, see Figure 1



3.15

overall of a profiles

W

measure the maximum dimension of the structure in the cross-section of the profile along the Y-axis, see Figure 1.



Key:

D——thickness

W——width

——visible surface

——non-visible surface

Figure 1 Cross Section of a Profile



4 Substrate Material



Substrate materials for producing profiles shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 5 of JG/T451-2014, and the Vicat softening temperature (VST) of 5.8 shall be no less than 78°C.

Appropriate use of recycled materials produced by the company as substrate materials is allowed.



5 Classification, Grading and Marking



5.1 Classification



5.1.1 Colors and Processes



Profiles are divided into whole bodies and decorative profiles according to the color and process.

Whole body is divided into white body and non-white body profile;

Decorative profiles are divided into film, co-extrusion and coating profiles;

Profile color and process classification are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Profile color and process classification

Code Number BT FM GJ TZ FBT

Category white full body lamination coextrusion painting non-white body

Key: Profiles with white decorative surfaces are classified by process.



5.1.2 Wall thickness of the main profile

The wall thickness of the main profile is shown in Figure 1, and the classification is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Classification of Wall Thickness of Main Profiles unit: mm

Category Class A Class B

visible surface ≥2.8 ≥2.5

non-visible surface ≥2.5 ≥2.2



5.2 Grading



5.2.1 Drop hammer impact of main section

According to the main section of the drop hammer impact classification, see Table 3.

Table 3 Drop Hammer Impact Grading of Main Profiles

Level Level I Level II Level III

Drop weight/g 1 000

Drop height/mm 1 000 1 500

Temperature/°C —10 —20

Key: In specific climatic conditions (such as the coldest month average temperature is lower than -10 °C), to take full account of the brittle failure of the profile, it is recommended to select the dash drop impact level of the main profile of Grade II or III in the design.



5.2.2 Aging Time

According to the aging time, see Table 4.

Table 4 Classification of Aging Time unit: hour

Level Level M(for inner door, window) Level S(for outer door, window)

Aging time 4 000 6 000



5.2.3 Insulation properties of the main section

According to the insulation grade of the main section, see Table 5.

Table 5 Classification of insulation properties of main sections

Level Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Heat transfer coefficient Kf/[W/(m2·K)] ≤2.0 ≤1.6 ≤1.0



5.3 Main section mark and example



5.3.1 Marking

The main profile is marked as follows:



5.3.2 Example



Example 1: White body profile, wall thickness 2.5mm, drop height 1000mm, temperature -10°C, aging time 4000h, heat transfer coefficient 1.8W/(m2·K). Marked as BT-B-I-M-1.

Example 2: Coextrusion equipment, visual surface wall thickness 2.8mm, drop height 1500mm, temperature -20 °C, aging time 6000h, heat transfer coefficient 1.3W / (m2 · K). Marked as GJ-A-III-S-2

Example 3: One side co-extruded, one-side coated equipment, visible surface wall thickness 2.5mm, drop hammer height 1500mm, temperature -10°C, aging time 5000h, heat transfer coefficient 1.5W/(m2·K), marked GJ/FM-B-II-S-2.



6 Requirements



6.1 Appearance



The color of the observable side of the profile should be uniform, and the surface should be smooth and even, without obvious bumps and impurities. Themes should be clean and free of burrs.

Profiles allow invisible shrinkage marks caused by the process.

Decorative profiles should also comply with the provisions of Table 6.

 

Table 6 Appearance of Decorative Profile

Profile category Requirements

FM cover film should be completely covered, smooth, no bubbles, and other defects

GJ co-extrusion surface should not be exposed

TZ the coating surface should be free from defects such as air bubbles, pinholes, cracks, sagging, exposed bottom, impurities, and wrinkles

The appearance requirements of special decorative profiles can be negotiated between the customer and the manufacturer.

For further requirements on the color of the profile, see Appendix A.



6.2 Dimensions and Deviations



6.2.1 Shape and function structure size

Dimensional deviation should meet the requirements of Table 7.

Table 7 Dimensional Deviation

unit: mm

Size Deviation

Dimensions thickness D ±0.3

width W ±0.5

The functional structure size and deviation should meet the requirements of JG/T176.



6.2.2 Wall thickness of the main profile



The minimum wall thickness of the main profile shall comply with the requirements of Table 2. The wall thickness of GJ and TZ profiles includes the thickness of the decorative surface, but the FM profile does not include the thickness of the cover film and adhesive layer.



6.2.3 Thickness of the decorative surface



6.2.3.1 Lamination

The film thickness of FM profile should not be less than 0.160mm.



6.2.3.2 Coating surface dry film

The thickness of the dry film on the visible side of the TZ profile shall not be less than 0.025mm.



6.2.3.3 Coextruded layers

The coextruded layer thickness of GJ profile should not be less than 0.10mm.



6.3 Linear deviation



The linear deviation of the main profile with a length of 1m shall not exceed 1mm, and the linear deviation of the auxiliary profile with a length of 1m shall not exceed 3mm.



6.4 The mass of the main profile



The mass of the length of the main profile per meter should not be less than 95% of the nominal mass.



6.5 Dimensional change rate after heating



The rate of change after heating of the two opposite largest visual surfaces of the main profile shall not exceed 2.0%; the difference in the dimensional change after heating of the two visible surfaces of each sample shall not be greater than 0.4%.

The dimensional change after heating of the auxiliary profile should not exceed 3.0%.



6.6 Status after Heating



Profile surface should be free of bubbles, cracks, pits, decorative profiles should also comply with the provisions of Table 8.

Table 8 After Heating at 150°C

Profile category Requirements

FM There should be no separation between the membrane layers and between the membrane layer and the substrate. However, if bubbles appear, re-sampling should be performed at 120 °C for re-examination. The result should be no bubbles.

GJ No separation between the coextruded layer and the substrate

TZ The coating layer should not be peeled



6.7 Drop Hammer Impact



6.7.1 Drop impact of main section



The visual surface of the impacted body profile and the non-decorative viewing surface of the decorative profile shall have no more than one sample with the visual surface broken.



6.7.2 Drop impact on the decorative surface



The decorative visible surface of the decorative materials is impacted, and whether or not the decorative surface is cracked, separation between the decorative layer and the substrate should not occur.



6.8 Density



The density of the profile substrate should not exceed 1530 kg/m3.



6.9 Vicat softening temperature



The Vicat softening temperature (VST) of the profile substrate should not be less than 78°C.



6.10 Tensile Yield Stress and Tensile Fracture Strain



The tensile yield force of the profile base material is not less than 37 MPa, and the tensile fracture strain should not be less than 100%.



6.11 Flexural Modulus



The bending elastic modulus of the profile substrate should not be less than 2200 MPa.



6.12 Peel strength of coating layer and base material of FM profile



The peel strength of the coating layer and the substrate should not be less than 2.5N/mm.



6.13 Hardness of TZ coating layer and adhesion to the substrate



The pencil hardness of the coating should not be less than Class H.

The adhesion between the coating layer and the substrate should meet the requirements of the cross-cutting method.



6.14 GJ profile resistant to environmental stress cracking



There should be no crack on the co-extruded surface and no delamination or flaking of the coextruded layer and the substrate.



6.15 Aging



6.15.1 Color Change



Test is conducted according to the aging time required in Table 4:

The white decorative surface and white non-decorative surface of BT profiles and decorative profiles undergo a color measurement at intervals of 1000 h until the aging time required in Table 4 is reached. The color change of the sample before and after the visible surface aging within each time period is ΔE* should not exceed 5, and △b* should not be greater than 3;

The non-white decorative surface of FBT profiles and decorative profiles shall have a color change ΔE* of not less than 5 before and after the visible surface aging;

For the decorative surface of special decorative profiles, the color change of the visible surface of the sample before and after aging shall be not less than Grade 3 according to the gray sample card fastness grade specified in GB/T 250-2008.



6.15.2 Appearance Changes

The irradiated surface of the specimen after aging should not appear peeling, spots, peeling, cracks, etc. The appearance of decorative profiles and FBT profiles should also comply with the provisions of Table 9.

Table 9 Appearance of decorative profiles and FBT profiles after aging

Profile category Requirements

FM There should be no delamination, bulges, bubbles, etc. between the film and the substrate.

GJ No separation between the coextruded layer and the substrate

TZ No peeling or blistering between coating and substrate

FBT No bubbles or pits should appear



6.15.3 Simple Beam (Double Gap) Impact Strength Retention



After the aging, the retention rate of the simply supported beam (double notch) impact strength should not be less than 70%, and the decoration layer and the substrate of the decorative profile should not be separated.



6.15.4 Peel strength of coating layer and base material of FM profile



After the aging, the peel strength between the coating layer and the substrate should not be less than 2.0 N/mm.



6.15.5 Pulverization of TZ Extrusion Coating and Adhesion to Substrate



The level of powdering on the surface of the painting layer after aging should not be greater than 2.

After the aging, the adhesion between the coating layer and the substrate should meet the requirements of the zero-crossing method.



6.16 Weldability of Main Profiles



6.16.1 Compressive bending stress of fillet angle



The average bending bending stress of the welding angle should not be less than 35MPa, and the minimum bending bending stress should not be less than 30MPa.



6.16.2 Short-term welding coefficient



The non-decorative surface of the short-term welding coefficient should not be less than 0.8, and the decorative surface should not be less than 0.7.



6.17 heat transfer coefficient of the main section



The heat transfer coefficient of the main profile should meet the requirements of Table 5.



6.18 Limits of harmful substances



The limits of harmful substances in profiles shall meet the requirements of GB/T 33284.



7 Test methods



7.1 Conditioning and Test Environment



The condition was adjusted under the condition of temperature (23±2)°C and relative degree of (50±10)% and tested under the conditions. Samples used for appearance, size and deviation tests, adjustment time is not less than 1 h, and adjustment time for other test items is not less than 24 h.



7.2 Appearance



Visual observation was performed under natural light or an equivalent artificial light source, visually measuring a distance of 0.5 m.



7.3 Dimensions and Deviations



7.3.1 Shape, Functional Structure Size and Wall Thickness



Measured with a vernier caliper with a division value of not less than 0.05 mm, three measurements are made for the shape, functional structure size and wall thickness, and the wall thickness is taken as the minimum value. When the wall thickness is measured, the functional structure size area should be avoided and it should be carried out at a distance of 1 mm from the joint of different areas. The measurement site is shown in Figure 2.

The wall thickness of the FM profile shall be deducted from the thickness of the cover film and the adhesive layer. For the method, see 7.3.2.

Unit: mm



Figure 2 Wall Thickness Measurement



7.3.2 Thickness of the decorative surface



The thicknesses of the coating, co-extrusion and coating layers were measured with a reading microscope with an index of not less than 0.001 mm. A sample was taken from each of the three profiles. Three points were measured for each sample and the average was calculated. The minimum value of the three samples was taken as the result.



7.4 Linear Deviation



A sample of length (1000﹢ )mm was taken from each of the three profiles. Place the sample concave side down on a standard platform over three levels. Measure the maximum clearance between the profile and the platform using a feeler gauge with a division value of not less than 0.1 mm, and then measure the surface perpendicular to the first measurement and take the maximum of the three samples.



7.5 Quality of Main Profiles



From each of the three profiles, a section of 200 mm to 300 mm in length shall be taken. The end face of the specimen shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the profile. The mass of the sample is weighed with a balance of not less than 1 g. The length of the sample is measured with a gage with an index value of not less than 0.5 mm. Then the mass of the length of the profile is calculated and the arithmetic average of the three samples is taken.



7.6 Size change rate after heating



7.6.1 Sample Preparation



A sample of length (250 ± 5) mm was cut from each of the three profiles. Two vertical and intersecting measurement lines with a spacing of 200 mm were made on the visible side of the sample. A pair of markings are made on the two main faces of the main profile and the auxiliary profiles are marked on only one side.



7.6.2 Test Equipment



Electric blast box, the temperature accuracy is not less than 1 °C.



7.6.3 Test Procedure



Measure the distance L0 of the measurement line between the two reticle lines with a gage with an index value not less than 0.05 mm to the nearest 0.1 mm. Place the non-visible surface on a glass plate sprinkled with talcum powder in an electric blast box at (100±2)°C for a period of minutes, then remove the glass plate, cool to room temperature, and measure the measurement line between the two reticle lines. Distance L1, accurate to 0.1mm.



7.6.4 Results and Representations



The dimensional change rate after heating is calculated according to formula (1):

(1)



R - dimensional change rate after heating, %;

L0 - the distance between the two marking lines before heating, in millimeters (mm);

L1—The distance of the measurement line between the two marking lines after heating, in millimeters (mm).

For the main profile, calculate the heated dimensional change rates R1 and R2 of the two relative visible surfaces, take the average of three samples, and calculate the dimensional change rate of the two heated surfaces of each sample after heating. △R, take the maximum of the three samples.



7.7 After heating



7.7.1 Sample Preparation



A sample of length (200±10) mm was cut from each of the three profiles.



7.7.2 Test Equipment



Electric blast box, the temperature accuracy is not less than 1 °C.



7.7.3 Test Procedure



The sample was placed horizontally on a glass plate sprinkled with talc in an electric blast box at (150 ± 2) °C for a time of min, then removed together with a glass plate and cooled to room temperature. Observe whether it complies with 6.6.

If air bubbles appear on the decorative surface of the FM profile, it should be resampled and the same test performed at (120 ± 2) °C.



7.8 Drop Hammer Impact



7.8.1 Drop hammer impact on main section



7.8.1.1 Sample preparation



A total of 10 specimens with a length of (300 ± 5) mm were sampled from the three profiles.



7.8.1.2 Test Equipment



Drop weight impact tester: drop weight mass (1000 ± 5) g, hammer radius of curvature (25 ± 0.5) mm.



7.8.1.3 Test conditions



Put the sample in °C or °C for 1 hour and take it out. Perform the impact test at the temperature (23±2) °C. The single sample should be completed in 10s.



7.8.1.4 Test Procedure



Place the sample to be impacted upwards on the support frame (see Figure 3), impact the center of the sample between the two support blocks, each sample impacted once, the drop hammer height 1 is in mm, grade II and III The rating is mm and meets the following requirements:

a) The whole body profile should be exposed to the visible surface exposed to the outside, and when the outer visible surface cannot be confirmed, the two visible surfaces each impact 5 samples. If one of the visible surfaces cannot be subjected to an impact test, only the other A visual surface for impact testing.

Decorative profiles should impact non-decorative viewing surfaces.

b) For asymmetric structural profiles, to prevent tilting of the profile during impact, auxiliary supports shall be provided before impact.

c) For the visible surface of the multi-cavity structure profile, the cavity surface that crosses the center line of the visible surface should be selected. If the cavity is distributed on both sides of the center line of the visible surface, the larger chamber surface near the two chambers near the centerline shall be selected.

Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Substrate Material
5 Classification, Grading and Marking
6 Requirements
7 Test methods
8 Inspection Rules
9 Signs
10 Packaging, Transport and Storage

ICS 83.140.01
Y 28
中华人民共和国国家标准
GB/T 8814—2017
代替GB/T 8814—2004

门、窗用未增塑聚氯乙烯（PVC-U）型材
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride（PVC-U）profiles for the doors and windows

2017-11-01发布 2018-05-01实施
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局
中国国家标准化管理委员会
发 布
 
前 言
本标准按照GB/T 1.1-2009给出的规则起草。
本标准代替GB/T 8814-2004《门、窗用未增塑聚氯乙烯（PVC-U）型材》。
本标准与GB/T 8814-2004相比，主要技术差异如下：
——在术语和定义及分类、分级与标记中增加了通体型材和装饰型材；
——将B类型材非可视面的壁厚应不小于2.0mm修改为应不小于2.2mm；
——取消了C类型材；
——增加了主型材的落锤冲击分级Ⅲ级；
——增加了密度的要求；
——将维卡软化温度（VST）应不小于75℃修改为应不小于78℃；
——增加了拉伸屈服应力及拉伸断裂应变的要求；
——增加了短期焊接系数的要求；
——增加了主型材的传热系数的要求；
——增加了有害物质限量的要求；
——增加了通体型材和装饰型材的相关要求及试验方法；
——将GB/T 8814-2004中的资料性附录A《本标准章条编号与EN 12608：2008章条编号对照》替换为《型材颜色偏差》，删除了GB/T 8814-2004中的附录B和附录C。
本标准由中国轻工业联合会提出。
本标准由全国塑料制品标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC 48）归口。

本标准所代替标准的历次版本发布情况为：
——GB/T 8814-1988、GB/T 8814-1998、GB/T 8814-2004。
 
门、窗用未增塑聚氯乙烯（PVC-U）型材
1 范围
本标准规定门、窗用未增塑聚氯乙烯（PVC-U）型材的基材材料、分类、分级与标记、要求、试验方法、检验规则，标志、包装、运输和贮存。
本标准适用于以未增塑聚氯乙烯为主要材料的门、窗用型材。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于文件。
GB/T 250-2008 纺织品 色牢度试验 评定变色用灰色样卡
GB/T 1033.1-2008 塑料 非泡沫塑料密度的测定 第1部分：浸渍法、液体比重瓶法和滴定法
GB/T 1040.2 塑料 拉伸性能的测定 第2部分：模塑和挤塑塑料的试验条件
GB/T 1043.1-2008 塑料 简支梁冲击性能的测定 第1部分：非仪器化冲击试验
GB/T 1633-2000 热塑性塑料维卡软化温度（VST）的测定
GB/T 1766-2008 色漆和清漆 涂层老化的评级方法
GB/T 2828.1-2012 计数抽样检验程序 第1部分：按接收质量限（AQL）检索的逐批检验抽样计划
GB/T 6739-2006 色漆和清漆 铅笔法测定漆膜硬度
GB/T 7122-1996 高强度胶粘剥离强度的测定 浮辊法
GB/T 8484-2008 建筑外门窗保温性能分级及检测方法
GB/T 9286-1998 色漆和清漆 漆膜的划格试验
GB/T 9341-2008 塑料 弯曲性能的测定
GB/T 11186.2 涂膜颜色的测定方法 第2部分：颜色测量
GB/T 11186.3 涂膜颜色的测量方法 第3部分：色差计算
GB/T 16422.2-2014 塑料 实验室光源暴露试验方法 第2部分：氙弧灯
GB/T 33284 室内装饰装修材料 门、窗用未增塑聚氯乙烯（PVC-U）型材有害物质限量
JG/T 176 塑料门窗型材功能结构尺寸
JG/T 451-2014 建筑塑料门窗型材用未增塑聚氯乙烯共混料
3 术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
型材profiles
经挤出成型、具有特定截面形状的产品。
3.2
白色型材white profiles
整体材料一致，颜色在CIE1976（L*a*b*）色度空间中L*≥82、-2.5≤a*≤5、-5≤b*≤15范
 
围内的型材。
3.3
通体型材 homogenous profiles
整体材料一致的题材。
3.4
覆膜题材 profiles laminated with foil
通过覆合膜片装饰、改变表面特性的型材。
3.5
共挤型材 co-extruded profiles
通过共挤高分子材料装饰、改变表面特性的型材。
3.6
涂装型材 coating profiles
通过涂装涂料装饰、改变表面特性的型材。
3.7
主型材 main profiles
框、扇（纱扇除外）、梃题材。
3.8
辅型材 auxiliary profiles
主型材以外的题材。
3.9
可视面 sight surface
安装后的门、窗、在门、窗关闭时平视可以看到的型材表面。
 
3.10
装饰面 decorative surface
经过覆膜、共挤、涂装的型材表面。
3.11
特殊装饰 special decorative surface
由非单一颜色、非平整表面等组成的装饰。
3.12
装饰型材 decorative profiles
具有装饰面的型材。
3.13
基材 base profiles
型材除装饰面以外的主体。
3.14
型材厚度 depth of a profiles
D
在型材的横截面沿X轴方向测量两个可视面间的最大距离，见图1。
3.15
型材宽度overall of a profiles
W
在型材的横截面沿Y轴方向测量其结构的最大尺寸，见图1。

说明：
D——厚度
W——宽度
——可视面
——非可视面
图1 型材的横截面示意图
 
4 基材材料
生产型材的基材材料应符合JG/T451—2014中第5章的要求，其中5.8的维卡软化温度（VST）应不小于78℃。
允许适量使用本企业产生的回用料作为基材材料。
5 分类、分级与标记
5.1 分类
5.1.1 颜色及工艺
型材按颜色及工艺分为通体和装饰型材。
通体型分为白色通体和非白色通体型材；
装饰型材分为覆膜、共挤和涂装型材；
型材颜色及工艺分类见表1。
表1 型材颜色及工艺分类
代号 BT FM GJ TZ FBT
类别 白色通体 覆膜 共挤 涂装 非白色通体
注：具有白色装饰面的型材按工艺分类。
5.1.2 主型材的壁厚
主型材的壁厚见图1，分类见表2。
表2 主型材的壁厚分类 单位为毫米
类别 A类 B类
可视面 ≥2.8 ≥2.5
非可视面 ≥2.5 ≥2.2

5.2 分级
5.2.1 主型材的落锤冲击
按主型材的落锤冲击分级，见表3。
表3 主型材的落锤冲击分级
级别 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级
落锤质量/g 1 000
落锤高度/mm 1 000 1 500
温度/℃ —10 —20
注：在特定的气候条件（如最冷月平均温度低于-10℃）下，要充分考虑到型材的脆性破坏，建议在设计中选择Ⅱ或Ⅲ级主型材的落锤冲击级别。

5.2.2 老化时间
按老化时间分级，见表4。
表4 老化时间分级 单位为小时
级别 M级（内门、窗用） S级（外门、窗用）
老化时间 4 000 6 000
5.2.3 主型材的保温性能
按主型材的保温性能分级，见表5。
表5 主型材的保温性能分级
级别 1级 2级 3级
传热系数Kf/[W/（m2·K）] ≤2.0 ≤1.6 ≤1.0

5.3 主型材标记和示例
5.3.1 标记
主型材标记如下：

保温性能级别
老化时间级别
落锤冲击级别
壁厚类别
颜色及工艺类别
5.3.2 示例
示例1：白色通体型材，可视面壁厚2.5mm，落锤高度1000mm、温度－10℃，老化时间4000h，传热系数1.8W/（m2·K）。标记为BT-B-Ⅰ-M-1。
示例2：共挤器材，可视面壁厚2.8mm，落锤高度1500mm、温度－20℃，老化时间6000h，传热系数1.3W/（m2·K）。标记为GJ-A-Ⅲ-S-2。
示例3：一面共挤、一面覆膜器材，可视面壁厚2.5mm，落锤高度1500mm，温度－10℃，老化时间5000h，传热系数1.5W/（m2·K），标记为GJ/FM-B-Ⅱ-S-2。
6 要求
6.1 外观
型材可观面的颜色应一致，表面应光滑、平整，无明显凹凸、杂质。题材端部应清洁、无毛刺。
型材允许有由工艺引起的不明显的收缩痕。
装饰型材还应符合表6的规定。
 
表6 装饰型材的外观
型材类别 要 求
FM 覆膜应遮盖完全、平整，无气泡、余边等缺陷
GJ 共挤面应无露底
TZ 涂装面应无气泡、针孔、裂纹、流挂、露底、杂质和起皱等缺陷
特殊装饰型材的外观要求可由客户与制造商之间协商规定。
关于型材颜色的进一步要求，可参见附录A。
6.2 尺寸和偏差
6.2.1 外形与功能结构尺寸
外形尺寸偏差应符合表7的规定。
表7 外形尺寸偏差 单位为毫米
尺寸 偏差
外形尺寸 厚度D ±0.3
宽度W ±0.5
功能结构尺寸及偏差应符合JG/T176的要求。
6.2.2 主型材的壁厚
主型材的最小壁厚应符合表2的规定。GJ、TZ型材的壁厚包括装饰面的厚度，但FM型材不包括覆膜和胶层的厚度。
6.2.3 装饰面的厚度
6.2.3.1 覆膜
FM型材的覆膜厚度应不小于0.160mm。
6.2.3.2 涂装面干膜
TZ型材的可视面涂装面干膜厚度应不小于0.025mm。
6.2.3.3 共挤层
GJ型材的共挤层厚度应不小于0.10mm。
6.3 直线偏差
长度为1m的主型材直线偏差应不大于1mm，长度为1m的辅型材直线偏差应不大于3mm。
6.4 主型材的质量
主型材每米长度的质量应不小于标称质量的95%。
6.5 加热后尺寸变化率
主型材两个相对最大可视面的加热后尺寸变化率应不大于2.0%；每个试样两可视面的加热后尺寸变化率之差应不大于0.4%。
辅型材的加热后尺寸变化率应不大于3.0%。
 
6.6 加热后状态
型材表面应无气泡、裂痕、麻点，装饰型材还应符合表8的规定。
表8 150℃加热后状态
型材类别 要 求
FM 膜层之间、膜层与基材之间不应产生分离。但若出现气泡，应重新取样在120℃下进行复检，其结果不应出现气泡
GJ 共挤层与基材之间不应产生分离
TZ 涂装层不应起皮
6.7 落锤冲击
6.7.1 主型材的落锤冲击
冲击通体型材的可视面和装饰型材的非装饰可视面，其可视面破卷的试样数应不大于1个。
6.7.2 装饰面的落锤冲击
冲击装饰型材的装饰可视面，其装饰面无论是否破裂，装饰层与基材之间应不发生分离。
6.8 密度
型材基材的密度应不大于1530kg/m3。
6.9 维卡软化温度
型材基材的维卡软化温度（VST）应不小于78℃。
6.10 拉伸屈服应力及拉伸断裂应变
型材基材的拉伸屈服成力成不小于37MPa，拉伸断裂应变应不小于100%。
6.11 弯曲弹性模量
型材基材的弯曲弹性模量应不小于2200MPa。
6.12 FM型材覆膜层与基材的剥离强度
覆膜层与基材的剥离强度应不小于2.5N/mm。
6.13 TZ型材涂装层的硬度及与基材的附着力
涂装层的铅笔硬度应不小于H级。
涂装层与基材的附着力应满足划格法0级的要求。
 
6.14 GJ型材的耐环境应力开裂
共挤面不应出现裂纹，共挤层与基材不应产生分层或剥落。
6.15 老化
6.15.1 颜色变化
按照表4要求的老化时间进行试验：
BT型材、装饰型材的白色装饰面及白色非装饰面每间隔1000h进行一次颜色测定，直至达到表4要求的老化时间，在各个时间段内其可视面老化前后试样的颜色变化△E*应不大于5，△b*应不大于3；
FBT型材、装饰型材的非白色装饰面，其可视面老化前后试样的颜色变化△E*应不大于5；
特殊装饰型材的装饰面，其可视面老化前后试样的颜色变化按照GB/T 250-2008规定的灰色样卡牢度等级应不小于3级。
6.15.2 外观变化
老化后试样的辐照表面不应出现脱皮、斑点、剥落、裂痕等现象，装饰型材和FBT型材的外观还应符合表9的规定。
表9 老化后装饰型材和FBT型材的外观
型材类别 要 求
FM 覆膜与基材之间不应产生分层、凸起、气泡等现象
GJ 共挤层与基材之间不应产生分离
TZ 涂装层与基材之间不应产生起皮、起泡等现象
FBT 不应出现气泡、麻点
6.15.3 简支梁（双缺口）冲击强度保留率
老化后简支梁（双缺口）冲击强度保留率应不小于70％，且装饰型材的装饰层与基材不应出现分离。
6.15.4 FM型材覆膜层与基材的剥离强度
老化后覆膜层与基材的剥离强度应不小于2.0N/mm。
6.15.5 TZ型材涂装层的粉化及与基材的附着力
老化后涂装层表面的粉化等级应不大于2级。
老化后涂装层与基材的附着力应满足划格法0级的要求。
 
6.16 主型材的可焊性
6.16.1 焊角的受压弯曲应力
焊角的平均受压弯曲应力应不小于35MPa，最小受压弯曲应力应不小于30MPa。
6.16.2 短期焊接系数
短期焊接系数非装饰面应不小于0.8，装饰面应不小于0.7。
6.17 主型材的传热系数
主型材的传热系数应符合表5的要求。
6.18 有害物质限量
型材的有害物质限量应符合GB/T33284的要求。
7 试验方法
7.1 状态调节和试验环境
在温度（23±2）℃、相对型度（50±10）%的环境下进行状态调节并在此条件下进行试验。用于外观、尺寸和偏差试验的试样，调节时间不少于1h，其他试验项目调节时间不少于24h。
7.2 外观
在自然光或一个等效的人工光源下进行目测，目测距离0.5m。
7.3 尺寸和偏差
7.3.1 外形、功能结构尺寸和壁厚
用分度值不低于0.05mm的游标卡尺测量，外形、功能结构尺寸和壁厚各测量3点，壁厚取最小值。壁厚测量时应避开功能结构尺寸区域，并在距不同区域结合部位1mm之外进行，测量部位见图2。
FM型材的壁厚应减去覆膜及胶层的厚度，方法见7.3.2。
单位为毫米
 

图2 壁厚测量部位示意图
7.3.2 装饰面的厚度
覆膜、共挤和涂装层的厚度用分度值不低于0.001mm的读数显微镜测量。从3根型材上各截取1个试样，每个试样测量3点并计算平均值，结果取3个试样的最小值。
7.4 直线偏差
从3根型材上各截取1段长度为（1000﹢ ）mm的试样。将试样的凹面向下放在三级以上的标准平台上。用分度值不低于0.1mm的塞尺测量型材和平台之间的最大间隙，然后再测量与第一次测量相垂直的面，取3个试样中的最大值。
7.5 主型材的质量
从3根型材上各截取1段长度为200mm～300mm的试样，试样的端面应与型材纵向轴垂直。试样的质量用感量不低于1g的天平称量，试样的长度用分度值不低于0.5mm的量具测量，然后计算型材每米长度的质量，取3个试样的算数平均值。
7.6 加热后尺寸变化率
7.6.1 试样制备
从3根型材上各截取长度为（250±5）mm的试样1个，在试样的可视面上做两条间距为200mm的标线垂直并相交的测量线。主型材在两个相对最大可视面各做一对标线，辅型材只在一面做标线。
7.6.2 试验设备
电热鼓风箱，温度精度不低于1℃。
7.6.3 试验步骤
用分度值不低于0.05mm的量具测量两标线间测量线的距离L0，精确至0.1mm。将非可视面放在（100±2）°C的电热鼓风箱内撒有滑石粉的玻璃板上，放置时间 min，然后连同玻璃板取出，冷却至室温，测量两标线间测量线的距离L1，精确至0.1mm。
7.6.4 结果和表示
加热后尺寸变化率按照式（1）计算：
（1）
式中：
R——加热后尺寸变化率，％；
L0——加热前两标线间测量线的距离，单位为毫米（mm）；
L1——加热后两标线间测量线的距离，单位为毫米（mm）。
对于主型材，计算两个相对可视面的加热后尺寸变化率R1、R2，各取3个试样的平均值，同时计算每个试样两个相对可视面的加热后尺寸变化率的△R，取三个试样中的最大值。
7.7 加热后状态
7.7.1 试样制备
从3根型材上各截取长度为（200±10）mm的试样1个。
7.7.2 试验设备
电热鼓风箱，温度精度不低于1℃。
7.7.3 试验步骤
将试样水平放置在（150±2）℃的电热鼓风箱内撒有滑石粉的玻璃板上，时间 min，然后连同玻璃板取出，冷却至室温。目测观察是否符合6.6的规定。
FM型材的装饰面若出现气泡，应重新取样并在（120±2）℃下进行相同试验。
7.8 落锤冲击
7.8.1 主型材的落锤冲击
7.8.1.1 试样制备
从3根型材上共截取长度为（300±5）mm的试样10个。
7.8.1.2 试验设备
落锤冲击试验机：落锤质量（1000±5）g，锤头曲率半径（25±0.5）mm。
7.8.1.3 试验条件
将试样在 ℃或 ℃的条件下放置1h后取出，在温度（23±2）℃下进行冲击试验…单个试样应在10s内完成。
7.8.1.4 试验步骤
将试样的待冲击面向上放在支撑架上（见图3），冲击试样两支撑座间的中心位置，每个试样冲击1次，落锤高度1级为 mm，Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级为 mm，并符合下列要求：
a）通体型材应冲击暴露在室外的可视面，不能确认外可视面时，两个可视面各冲击5个试样，若其中一个可视面无法进行冲击试验时，则只对另一个可视面进行冲击试验。
装饰型材应冲击非装饰可视面。
b）对非对称结构的型材，为防止在冲击过程中型材发生倾斜，冲击前应给以辅助支撑。
c）对多腔结构型材的可视面，应选择跨越可视面中心线的腔室面，若腔室分布在可视面中心线两侧，则应选择靠近中心线两腔室中较大的腔室面。
 
单位为毫米

图3 式样支撑架及落锤位置
7.8.1.5 结果和表示
观察并记录产生破裂或裂纹的试样数。
7.8.2 装饰面的落锤冲击
按照7.8.1进行试验，对装饰型材的装饰可视面进行冲击。
7.9 密度
按照GB/T 1033.1—2088中的A法进行试验，试样从型材的基材上取样。
7.10 维卡软化温度
按照GB/T 1633—2000中的（B50）进行试验，试样从主型材可视面的基材上取样。
7.11 拉伸屈服应力及拉伸断裂应变
按照GB/T 1040.2—2006的规定进行试验。试样从型材的基材上取样，试样类型为1B型，试验速率为10mm/min。
7.12 弯曲弹性模量
按照GB/T 9341—2008的规定进行试验，试样从型材的基材上取样。
7.13 FM型材覆膜层与基材的剥离强度
制备长度不小于100mm、宽度为（20±1）mm的4段FM型材试样，试样的切口应平整光滑。因剥离试验中需要将膜进行固定试样表面与膜约50mm长不应覆盖。要采用适当方法将两者分离，在型材覆膜时，可采取在型材与覆膜之间放置隔离物，如聚乙烯薄膜等，以保证两者分离，不会粘附。
应在覆膜72h后取样。按照GB/T 7122—1996的规定进行试验，试验速率10mm/min。结果取4个试样的最小值。
7.14 TZ型材涂装层的硬度及与基材的附着力
涂装层的硬度按照GB/T 6739—2006的规定进行试验。
涂装层与基材的附着力按照GB/T 9286—1998的规定进行试验。切割间距为1mm，切割图形为每个方向的切割数应是6。
 
7.15 GJ型材的耐环境应力开裂
取长度为50mm带有共挤层的试样，将共挤面向上浸没在温度（23±2）℃，纯度不低于95％的甲醇溶液中，时间（15±0.5）min，取出后立即用清水将存留在试样上的甲醇溶液冲洗干净，用8倍放大镜观察试样。
7.16 老化
7.16.1 老化条件
老化试验按照GB/T 16422.2-2014中方法A的规定进行，暴露循环序号为9，老化面为型材的可视面。
7.16.2 颜色变化
7.16.2.1 试样制备
试样的长度和宽度不小于50mm×40mm，数量至少两个，其中一半数量的试样作为原始试样放置在常温、黑暗处保存。
7.16.2.2 试验设备
使用CIE标准光源D65（包括镜面反射）测定条件为8/d或d/8（两者都没有滤光器）的分光光度仪或色差仪。
7.16.2.3 试验步骤
按照GB/T 11186.2和GB/T 11186.3测量老化后试样和原始试样的颜色变化，老化试样取出后应在24h内完成测量，每个试样测量2个点，取平均值，计算出△E*和△b*。
7.16.2.4 特殊装饰型材的颜色变化
按照GB/T 250-2008规定的灰色样卡牢度等级进行评定
7.16.3 外观变化
在自然光或一个等效的人工光源下进行目测，目测距离为0.3m。
7.16.4 简支梁（双缺口）冲击强度保留率
按照GB/T1043.1-2008进行试验，试验采用双缺口，长度l为（50±1）mm，宽度b为（6.0±0.2）mm，厚度h取型材的原厚，缺口类型为A型，缺口剩余宽度bN为（3.0±0.1）mm，试样数量至少6个，试样跨距L= mm，摆锤的冲击方向为试样的未老化面，见图4。
 

未老化面
冲击方向
图4 简支梁（双缺口）冲击强度式样及冲击方向
7.16.5 FM型材覆膜层与基材的剥离强度
按照7.13进行试验
7.16.6 TZ型材涂装层的粉化及基材的附着力
涂装层的粉化按照CB/T 1766-2008中4.3规定的方法进行评定。
涂装层与基材的附着力按照7.14进行试验。
7.17 主型材的可焊性
7.17.1 焊角的受压弯曲应力
7.17.1.1 试样制备
焊角试样为5个，不清理焊缝，只清理90°角的边缘。试样支撑面的中心长度 为（400±2）mm，见图5。
 

图5 焊角的受压弯曲力试验示意图
7.17.1.2 试验设备
具备两个活动支撑座的试验装置。试验机的负荷精度不低于1％，试验速率（50±5）mm/min。
7.17.1.3 试验步骤
按照图5将试样的两端放在活动的支撑座上，对焊角施加压力，直到破坏为止，记录最大负荷值FC。
7.17.1.4 结果和表示
按照式⑵计算受压弯曲应力
（2）
式中：
σc——受压弯曲应力，单位为兆帕（MPa）；
Fc——受压弯曲的最大负荷，单位为牛顿（N）；
a——试样支撑面的中心长度，单位为毫米（mm）；
e——临界线AA’与中性轴ZZ’的距离（见图6），单位为毫米（mm）；
W——应力方向的倾倒矩I/e，单位为立方毫米（mm3）；
I——型材横截面ZZ’轴的惯性矩，单位为四次方毫米（mm4）。
 

图6 e值示意图
7.17.2 短期焊接系数
7.17.2.1 试样制备
型材两截面对焊成1个焊接段，至少应取5个焊接段，然后在每个焊接段上分别从装饰面和非装饰面上各截取1个焊片，按照GB/T1040.2-2006中的1B型试样制样，焊缝位于试样中部，不清理焊缝。另外，从型材的装饰面和非装饰面上再至少各取5个相同尺寸未经焊接的试样。
7.17.2.2 试验步骤
按照GB/T1040.2-2006的规定进行拉伸试验，非装饰面的试验速率为（50±1）mm/min。
7.17.2.3 结果表示
短期焊接系数按照式（3）进行计算
（3）
式中：
Fa——短期焊接系数；
Fv——焊接试样拉伸断裂时的平均负荷，单位为牛顿（N）；
Fb——未焊接试样拉伸断裂时的平均负荷，单位为牛顿（N）。
如果试样在断裂前出现屈服，应以屈服负荷进行计算。
7.18 主型材的传热系数
对未加增强型钢的主型材按照GB/T8484-2008附录F的规定进行试验。
7.19 有害物质限量
按照GB/T33284的规定进行试验。
 
8 检验规则
8.1 检验分类
8.1.1 出厂检验
出厂检验以批量为单位，检验项目为6.1、6.2、6.3、6.4、6.5、6.6、6.7、6.13、6.14、6.16.1。
8.1.2 型式检验
型式检验项目为本标准要求的全部内容。除老化。主型材的传热系数和有害物质限量项目外，一般情况下每年进行一次检验，老化和有害物质限量每三年进行一次检验，主型材的传热系数在产品定型生产时进行一次检验。
有下列情况之一，应进行型式检验：
a）新产品或老产品转厂生产的试制定型鉴定；
b）正式生产后，如原材料、配方、工艺有较大改变，可能影响产品性能时；
c）产品长期停产后，恢复生产时；
d）出厂检验结果与上次型式检验有较大差异时。
8.2 组批与抽样
8.2.1 组批
以同一原料、工艺、配方、同一截面几何结构特征的产品为一批，每批产量不超过50t。如连续7d的产量不足50t时，则以7d的产量为一批。
8.2.2 抽样
外观、尺寸检验按照GB/T2828.1-2012的规定，采用正常检查一次抽样方案，取一般检验水平I，接收质量有限（AQL）6.5，抽样方案见表10、其他性能的检验，应从外观、尺寸检验合格的样本中随机抽取足够数量的样品。
表10 抽样方案 单位为根
批量范围
N 样本大小
n 合格判定数
Ac 不合格判定数
Re
≤90 5 0 1
91～150 8 1 2
151～280 13 2 3
281～500 20 3 4
501～1200 32 5 6
1201～3200 50 7 8
3201～10000 80 10 11
10001～35000 125 14 15

 
8.3 判定规则
8.3.1 合格项的判定
外观与尺寸的实验结果按照表10进行判定。
8.3.1.2 其他项目的判定
老化、主型材的传热系数和有害物质限量的实验结果若有不合格，则判定不合格。其他项目在实验结果中，若有不合格项目时，应从原批中随机抽取双倍样品，对该项目进行复验，复验结果全部合格，则该项目合格，若复检结果仍有不合格时，则该项目不合格。
8.3.2 合格批的判定
按照项目检验，结果全部合格，则判定该批合格；若有1项不合格，则判定该批不合格。
9 标志
9.1 标志
9.1.1 可视面保护膜
主型材的可视面应贴有保护膜。保护膜上应至少有本标准编号、制造商名称、生产地址、电话等。
9.1.2 合格证
型材出厂应具有合格证。合格证上应至少包括每米质量、主型材的I值和e值、生产日期。
9.2 主型材标识或标签
主型材应在非可视面上沿型材长度方向，每间隔1m至少具有一组永久性标识，应包括5.3规定的标记。
若型材生产不能实现永久性标识，则应在每包型材上加贴标签并标注上述内容。
10 包装、运输和贮存
10.1 包装
型材应使用塑料薄膜或其他材料包装。
10.2 运输
运输时应避免重压，轻装轻卸。
10.3贮存
产品应贮存在阴凉、通风的库房内，平整堆放，高度不宜超过1.5m，并应避免阳光直射。贮存期一般不应超过2年。
 
附 录 A
（资料性附录）
型材颜色偏差
A.1 范围
本附录给出了型材颜色偏差的建议。
A.2 颜色偏差
A.2.1 BT型材、装饰型材的白色装饰面及白色非装饰面
|△L*|≤1.0
|△ *|≤0.5
|△b*|≤1.0
|△E*|≤1.0
A.2.2 FBT型材、装饰型材的非白色装饰面
|△E*|≤3.0
A.2.3 特殊型材的装饰面
灰色样卡牢度等级不小于4级。