标准编号:	GB/T 4732.2-2024
中文名称:	压力容器分析设计 第2部分：材料
英文名称:	Pressure vessels design by analysis - Part 2：Materials
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2024-11-07
实施日期:	2024-7-24
标准状态:	valid
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	65000 字
翻译价格(元):	4550.0
交付时间:	付款后 1~5 个工作日

GB/T 4732.2-2024 Pressure vessels design by analysis - Part 2: Materials 1 Scope This document specifies the allowable designations and standards of steel for pressure components of steel pressure vessels designed using design-by-analysis approach, the additional technical requirements for steel, the scope of use of steel (temperature and pressure), the allowable stress of steel, and the basic requirements for welding materials. This document is applicable to pressure vessels at design temperature of -269℃~800℃ and design pressure less than 100MPa. This document is not applicable to the scope of inapplicability specified in GB/T 4732.1. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature GB/T 228.2 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method GB/T 699 Quality carbon structure steels GB/T 713.2 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steel with specified temperature properties GB/T 713.3 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 3: Low alloy steel with specified low temperature properties GB/T 713.4 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 4: Nickel-alloy steels with specified low temperature properties GB/T 713.5 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 5: High manganese steel with specified low temperature properties GB/T 713.6 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 6: Quenched and tempered high strength steel GB/T 713.7 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 7: Stainless steel and heat resisting steel GB/T 1220 Stainless steel bars GB/T 1221 Heat-resistant steel bars GB/T 3077 Alloy structure steels GB/T 3965 Determination of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal GB/T 4226 Cold finished stainless steel bar GB/T 4334 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Test methods for intergranular corrosion of austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels GB/T 4732.1 Pressure vessels design by analysis - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 6394 Determination of estimating the average grain size of metal GB/T 6479 Seamless steel tubes for high-pressure chemical fertilizer equipments GB/T 6803 Test method for drop-weight test to determine nil-ductility transition temperature of ferritic steels GB/T 7735-2016 Automated eddy current testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for detection of imperfections GB/T 9948 Seamless steel tubes for petroleum cracking GB/T 13305 Micrographic method for determining area content of the α-phases in stainless steels GB/T 20878 Stainless and heat-resisting steels - Designation and chemical composition GB/T 21433 Detecting susceptibility to intergranular corrosion in stainless steel pressure vessels GB/T 31935 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosion test for intergranular corrosion susceptibility of low-Cr ferritic stainless steels GB/T 32571 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosion test for intergranular corrosion susceptibility of high-Cr ferritic stainless steels GB/T 34542.2 Storage and transportation systems for gaseous hydrogen - Part 2: Test methods for evaluating metallic material compatibility in hydrogen atmosphere GB/T 39255 Gases and gas mixtures for welding and cutting processes JB/T 4756 Nickel and nickel alloy pressure vessels NB/T 47002.1 Clad plate for pressure vessel - Part 1: Stainless steel-steel clad plate NB/T 47002.2 Clad plate for pressure vessel - Part 2: Nickel-steel clad plate NB/T 47002.3 Clad plate for pressure vessel - Part 3: Titanium-steel clad plate NB/T 47002.4 Clad plate for pressure vessel - Part 4: Copper-steel clad plate NB/T 47008 Carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure equipment NB/T 47009 Alloy steel forgings for low temperature pressure equipment NB/T 47010 Stainless and heat-resisting steel forgings for pressure equipment NB/T 47013.3 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing NB/T 47013.4 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 4: Magnetic particle testing NB/T 47013.5 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 5: Penetrant testing NB/T 47014 Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipments NB/T 47018.1 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Part 1: General rule NB/T 47018.2 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Section 2: Electrodes for steel NB/T 47018.3 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Section 3: Steel electrodes and rods for gas shielded arc welding NB/T 47018.4 Specification of welding materials for pressure equipment - Section 4: Electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding NB/T 47018.5 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Section 5: Stainless steel strip electrodes and fluxes for overlay welding NB/T 47019.1 Purchase technical specification for boiler & heat exchanger tubes - Part 1: General requirements NB/T 47019.4 Purchase technical specification for boiler & heat exchanger tubes - Part 4: Low alloy steel for low-temperature service TSG 21 Supervision regulation on safety technology for stationary pressure vessel 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 4732.1 apply. 4 General requirements 4.1 The steel and welding materials for steel plates, tubes, forgings and studs (including bolts) for pressure components of pressure vessels shall comply with TSG 21. 4.2 The steel used for the pressure components of pressure vessels shall be of good weldability. 4.3 The austenitic stainless steel not listed in this document but listed in GB/T 20878 and GB/T 713.7 can be adopted, but their phosphorus, sulfur content and strength indicators shall not be inferior to those specified in the corresponding steel standards listed in this document for designations of steel with similar chemical composition. 4.4 Except for the steel that meets the requirements of 4.3, the technical requirements for other steels not listed in this document shall comply with the provisions of Annex A. 4.5 The steel for pressure components of pressure vessels shall be accompanied by the steel quality certificate of the steel manufacturer. The quality certificate shall have complete and clear contents, printed with traceable information identification, and stamped with the quality inspection seal of the material manufacturer. Traceable information includes the name of the steel manufacturer, steel standard No., designation, specification, furnace batch No., delivery status, heat treatment process parameters (when necessary), issuance date of quality certificate, etc. Traceable information identification shall be two-dimensional codes or barcodes. 4.6 The vessel manufacturer shall perform acceptance inspection on the steel according to the quality certificate. If there is no original steel quality certificate of the steel manufacturer, the official seal of the material operation organization and the signature (seal) of the person in charge of the handling shall be affixed to the copy of the original steel quality certificate. 4.7 The selection of steel for pressure components of pressure vessels shall be based on the service conditions (e.g., design temperature, design pressure, medium characteristics and operating characteristics, etc.), the chemical composition, microstructure, properties (mechanical properties, process properties, chemical properties and physical properties) of the steel, as well as the manufacturing process and economic rationality of the vessel. 4.8 The steel for pressure components of pressure vessels shall be smelted in oxygen converter or electric furnace, or by electroslag remelting process. Low-alloy steel plates and forgings, austenitic-ferritic stainless steel plates with the lower limit of standard tensile strength greater than 540MPa, and low-temperature steel plates, forgings and tubes with the service temperature below -20℃ shall also be refined outside the furnace and vacuum treated. 4.9 The upper limit of service temperature of steel for pressure components of pressure vessels shall comply with the following requirements. a) The upper limit of service temperature of steel is the maximum temperature corresponding to the allowable stress of each designation of steel in Tables B.1 to B.8 in Annex B and the allowable stress on the right side of the thick line in Tables B.1 to B.8 is determined by the average value of the 105h high-temperature durable strength limit of the steel. If the steel needs be operated above the upper limit of service temperature for a short time due to technological requirements, it shall be specified in the design documents. b) As for the non-alloy steel and carbon manganese steel, when they are used at a temperature higher than 425℃ for a long time, attention shall be paid to the graphitization tendency of the carbide in the steel. c) When the service temperature of austenitic stainless steel is higher than 525℃, the carbon content in the steel shall not be less than 0.04%. 4.10 The lower limit of service temperature of steel for pressure components of pressure vessels shall comply with the following requirements. a) The lower limit of service temperature of steel shall meet the requirements of Clauses 5 to 8. b) The lower limit of service temperature of austenitic stainless steel is -269℃. When the service temperature is higher than or equal to -196℃, the impact test may be exempted. If the service temperature is lower than -196℃, the low-temperature impact test at the design temperature of pressure vessels shall be carried out. The average impact absorption energy () of three standard specimens is not less than 54J and the average lateral expansion () is not less than 0.53mm. Austenitic-ferritic stainless steel may be subjected to the impact test with the lowest impact test temperature of -40℃. The average impact absorption energy () of three standard specimens is not less than 47J and the average lateral expansion () is not less than 0.53mm. Other requirements for impact test shall be as specified in 4.11b) and 4.11c). c) The austenitic stainless steel for liquid hydrogen pressure vessels shall undergo impact test at -253℃, and the austenitic stainless steel for liquid helium pressure vessels shall undergo impact test at -269℃. The impact properties shall be as specified in 4.10b). 4.11 The impact test of non-alloy and alloy steel shall meet the following requirements. a) The impact properties of non-alloy and alloy steel (steel plates, tubes and forgings) shall meet the requirements of Table 1. Note 1: When the lower limit of standard tensile strength of steel decreases with the increase of thickness, the lower limit of standard tensile strength in Table 1 is the lower limit of standard tensile strength of steel at the minimum thickness.

Contents 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 General requirements 5 Steel plates 6 Steel tubes 7 Steel forgings 8 Steel bars for studs (including bolts) and nuts 9 Welding materials Annex A (Normative) Supplementary provisions for steel Annex B (Normative) Allowable stress of steel Annex C (Informative) High-temperature yield strength, average of high-temperature endurance strength limit, elastic modulus and average linear expansion coefficient of steel Annex D (Informative) Approximate comparison table of high alloy steel designations Bibliography

GB/T 4732.2-2024 压力容器分析设计 第2部分：材料 1范围 本文件规定了采用分析设计方法设计的钢制压力容器受压元件用钢材允许使用的牌号及其标准、钢材的附加技术要求、钢材的使用范围（温度和压力）、钢材的许用应力、焊接材料的基本要求。 本文件适用于设计温度-269℃~800℃、设计压力小于100 MPa的压力容器。 本文件不适用的范围为GB/T 4732.1规定的不适用范围。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。 GB/T 228.1 金属材料拉伸试验 第 1部分:室温试验方法 GB/T 228.2 金属材料拉伸试验 第2部分:高温试验方法 GB/T 229 金属材料 夏比摆锤冲击试验方法 GB/T 699 优质碳素结构钢 GB/T 713.2 承压设备用钢板 和钢带 第2 部分:规定温度性能的非合金钢和合金钢 GB/T 713.3 承压设备用钢板和钢带 第3部分:规定低温性能的低合金钢 GB/T 713.4 承压设备用钢板和钢带第4部分:规定低温性能的镍合金钢 GB/T 713.5 承压设备用钢板和钢带 第 5部分:规定低温性能的高锰钢 GB/T 713.6 承压设备用钢板和钢带 第 6部分:调质高强度钢 GB/T 713.7 承压设备用钢板和钢带 第 7部分:不锈钢和耐热钢 GB/T 1220 不锈钢棒 GB/T 1221 耐热钢棒 GB/T 3077 合金结构钢 GB/T 3965 熔敷金属中扩 散氢测定方法 GB/T 4226 不锈钢冷加工钢棒 GB/T 4334 金属和合金的腐蚀奧氏体及铁素体-奥氏体（双相）不锈钢晶间腐蚀试验方法 GB/T 4732.1 压力容器分析设计 第1部分:通用要求 GB/T 6394 金属 平均晶粒度测定方法 GB/T 6479 高压化肥设备用无缝钢管 GB/T 6803 铁素体钢的无塑性转变温度落锤试验方法 GB/T 7735-2016 无缝和焊接（埋弧焊除外）钢管缺欠的自动涡流检测 GB/T 9948 石油裂化用无缝钢管 GB/T13305 不锈钢中α-相面积含量金相测定法 GB/T 20878 不锈钢和耐热钢牌号及化学成分 GB/T 21433 不锈钢压力容器晶间腐蚀敏感性检验 GB/T 31935 金属和合金的腐蚀 低铬铁素体不锈钢晶间腐蚀试验方法 GB/T 32571 金属和合金的腐蚀 高铬铁素体不锈钢晶间腐蚀试验方法 GB/T 34542.2 氢气储存输送系统 第2部分:金属材料与氢环境相容性试验方法 GB/T 39255 焊接与切割用保护气体 JB/T 4756 镍及镍合金制压力容器 NB/T 47002.1 压力容器用复合板 第1部分:不锈钢钢复合板 NB/T 47002.2 压力容器用复合板 第2 部分:镍-钢复合板 NB/T 47002.3 压力容器用复合板 第3 部分:钛钢复合板 NB/T 47002.4 压力容器用复合板 第4 部分:铜钢复合板 NB/T 47008 承压设备用碳素钢和合金钢锻件 NB/T 47009 低温承压设备用合 金钢锻件 NB/T 47010 承压设备用不锈钢和耐热钢锻件 NB/T 47013.3 承压设备无损检测 第 3部分:超声检测 NB/T 47013.4 承压设备无损检测 第4 部分:磁粉检测 NB/T 47013.5 承压设备无损检测 第5 部分:渗透检测 NB/T 47014 承压设备焊接工艺评定 NB/T 47018.1 承压设备用焊接材料订货技术条件第1部分:采购通则 NB/T 47018.2 承压设备用焊接材料订货技术条件第 2部分:钢焊条 NB/T 47018.3 承压设备 用焊接材料订货技术条件第 3部分:气体保护电弧焊丝和填充丝 NB/T 47018.4 承压设备 用焊接材料订货技术条件第 4部分:埋弧焊钢焊丝和焊剂 NB/T47018.5 承压设备用焊接材料订货技术条件第5部分:堆焊用不锈钢焊带和焊剂 NB/T 47019.1 锅炉 、热交换器用管订货技术条件第1部分:通则 NB/T 47019.4 锅炉 、热交换器用管订货技术条件第 4部分:低温用低合金钢 TSG 21 固定式压力 容器安全技术监察规程 3术语和定义 GB/T 4732.1界定的术语和定义适用于本文件。 4总体要求 4.1压力容器受压元件用钢板、钢管、钢锻件、螺柱（含螺栓）用钢材和焊接材料应符合TSG 21的规定。 4.2压力容器受压元件用钢材应是焊接性良好的钢材。 4.3 采用未列入本文件但已列人GB/T 20878和GB/T 713.7中的奥氏体型不锈钢钢材，其磷、硫含量和强度指标应不低于本文件所列相应钢材标准中化学成分相近牌号钢材的规定。 4.4除符合 4.3规定的钢材外，采用其他未列人本文件的钢材，其技术要求应符合附录A的规定。 4.5压力容器受压元件用钢材应附有钢材制造单位的钢材质量证明书，质量证明书的内容应齐全、清晰，并且印刷可追溯的信息化标识，加盖材料制造单位质量检验章。可追溯的信息包括钢材制造单位名称、钢材标准号、牌号、规格、炉批号、交货状态、热处理工艺参数（需要时）、质量证明书签发日期等内容。可追溯的信息化标记应为二维码或条码等。 4.6容器制造单位应按质量证明书对钢材进行验收。如无钢材制造单位的钢材质量证明书原件时，应在钢材质量证明书原件的复印件上加盖材料经营单位公章和经办负责人签字（章）。 4.7选择压力容器受压元件用钢材时应依据容器的使用条件（如设计温度、设计压力、介质特性和操作特点等）、钢材的化学成分、微观组织、性能（力学性能、工艺性能、化学性能和物理性能）、容器的制造工艺以及经济合理性来确定。 4.8压力 容器受压元件用钢应采用氧气转炉、电炉或电渣重熔法冶炼。对标准抗拉强度下限值大于540 MPa的低合金钢钢板和低合金钢锻件、奥氏体铁素体型不锈钢钢板，以及使用温度低于-20℃的低温钢钢板、低温钢锻件和低温钢钢管，还应采用炉外精炼并进行真空处理。 4.9压力容器受压元件用钢材使用温度上限符合下列规定。 a）钢材使用温度 上限为附录B中表B.1~表B.8的各牌号钢材许用应力所对应的最高温度，表B.1~表B.8中粗线右侧的许用应力由钢材的105h高温持久强度极限平均值所确定。当因工艺过程要求，钢材需短时在高于使用温度上限操作时，应由设计文件规定。 b）非合金钢和碳锰钢钢材在高于425°C温度下长期使用时，应注意钢中碳化物相的石墨化倾向。 c）奥氏体型不锈钢 钢材的使用温度高于525℃时，钢中含碳量应不小于0.04%。 4.10压力容器受压元件用钢材使用温度下限符合下列规定。 a）钢材使用温度 下限应符合第5章~第8章的规定。 b）奥氏体型不锈钢钢材使用温度下限为-269℃。使用温度高于或等于-196℃时，可免做冲击试验。使用温度低于-196℃时，应进行压力容器设计温度下的低温冲击试验，3个标准试样冲击吸收能量平均值（）不小于54J，且侧膨胀值平均值（）不小于0.53 mm。奥氏体-铁素体型不锈钢钢材可进行最低冲击试验温度为-40°C的冲击试验，3个标准试样冲击吸收能量平均值（）不小于47 J，且侧膨胀值平均值（）不小于0.53mm。冲击试验其他要求应符合4.11b）、4.11c）的规定。 c）液氢压力容器用奥氏体型不锈钢钢材应进行-253℃的冲击试验，液氦压力容器用奥氏体型不锈钢钢材应进行-269℃的冲击试验，冲击性能应符合4.10b）的规定。 4.11非合金钢和合金钢钢材冲击试验符合下列规定。 a）非合金钢和合金钢钢材（钢板、钢管、钢锻件）的冲击性能应符合表1的规定。 注1:当钢材的标准抗拉强度下限值随厚度增大而降低时，表1中的标准抗拉强度下限值指的是钢材在最小厚度时的标准抗拉强度下限值。 表1 非合金钢和合金钢钢材的冲击性能 钢材标准抗拉强度下限值（Rm）MPa 3个标准试样冲击吸收能量平均值（）J 3个试样侧膨胀值平均值（） mm ≤450 ≥24 - > 450~510 ≥31 - >510~ 570 ≥34 - > 570~ 630 ≥38 - > 630~ 690 ≥47 ≥0.53 > 690 ≥54 ≥0.64 b）夏比V型缺口冲击试样的取样部位和试样方向应符合相应钢材标准的规定，应选择厚度为10mm的标准试样。冲击试验每组取3个标准试样，允许1个标准试样的冲击吸收能量数值低于表1的规定值，但不应低于表1规定值的70%。当冲击试验结果不符合上述规定时，应从钢材的同样部位和同样方向上再取3个标准试样进行复验，前后两组6个标准试样的冲击吸收能量平均值应不低于表1的规定值，允许有2个标准试样低于规定值，但低于规定值70%的试样只准许有1个。 c）当钢材因厚度小于11mm而无法制备标准试样时应依次制备厚度为7.5mm、5mm的小尺寸试样，其冲击吸收能量平均值应分别为标准试样冲击吸收能量平均值的75%、50%。当钢材可制备标准试样而制备厚度为7.5mm或5mm的小尺寸试样时，其冲击试验温度应分别降低5℃或10℃（冲击试验温度低于-100℃的钢材除外），冲击吸收能量平均值应分别为标准试样冲击吸收能量平均值的75%或50%。 d）钢材标准中，钢材的冲击吸收能量平均值和侧膨胀值平均值高于表1规定的还应符合相应钢材标准的规定。 e）夏比冲击试样侧膨胀值的测定应符合GB/T229的规定。 注2:冲击试样的侧膨胀值与冲击试样尺寸无关。 f）冲击试验温度为-40℃~-100℃的低合金钢钢板和锻件可按GB/T229的规定测定转变温度Tt（如:指定吸收能量值47 J确定的转变温度Tt47、指定吸收能量上平台的百分数50%确定的转变温度Tt50%US、指定侧膨胀值0.53 mm确定的转变温度Tt0.53或指定剪切断面率50%确定的转变温度Tt50%SFA）。 g）钢板冲击试验应符合第5章和GB/T 713.2、GB/T 713.3、GB/T 713.4、GB/T 713.5、GB/T 713.6、GB/T 713.7的规定。对于Q245R、Q345R和13MnNiMoR钢板，如需进行-20 °C 冲击试验，应在设计文件中注明。如需提高钢板的冲击吸收能量和侧膨胀值，应在设计文件中规定。 h）钢管冲击试验应符合第 6章的规定。 i） 钢锻件冲击试验应符合第7章和NB/T 47008、NB/T 47009的规定。对于20、16Mn、20MnMo和20MnMoNb钢锻件，如需进行-20℃冲击试验，应在设计文件中注明。如需提高钢锻件的冲击吸收能量和侧膨胀值，应在设计文件中规定。 j）非合金钢、低合金钢和耐热钢钢棒的冲击试验应符合第8章的规定。 k） 焊接材料的冲击试验应符合第9章的规定。 4.12 当钢材按GB/T 4334进行晶间腐蚀试验、按GB/T 15970.1~GB/T 15970.9或GB/T 4157进行应力腐蚀试验、按GB/T17897进行点腐蚀试验时，应在设计文件中规定试验方法和合格指标。 4.13 对于设计温度低于95℃且满足下列条件之一的储存氢气压力容器，其钢材应按GB/T 34542.2的规定进行氢环境相容性试验，试验内容和合格指标应在设计文件中规定: a）氢分压大于 41 MPa的非焊接压力容器； b）氢分压大于17MPa或氢分压大于5.2MPa且钢材室温标准抗拉强度下限值大于620MPa的焊接压力容器。 4.14奥氏体-铁素体型不锈钢钢板、钢管和锻件应按GB/T13305的规定进行相比例测定，金相组织应为奥氏体-铁素体，奥氏体含量应在40% ~60%。 4.15当对钢材有特殊技术要求时（如要求特殊冶炼方法、严格的化学成分、较高的冲击吸收能量指标或侧膨胀值、附加保证高温屈服强度和抗拉强度、提高无损检测合格等级、增加力学性能检验率等），应在设计文件中规定。 4.16主 要受压元件使用的钢材中，未列入本文件，也未列人压力容器（承压设备）专用钢板国家标准、专用锻件行业标准、专用复合钢板行业标准的钢材，应按照TSG 21的规定进行技术评审后，可用于制造压力容器。 注:压力容器（承压设备）专用钢板国家标准是指GB/T 713.1、GB/T 713.2、GB/T 713.3、GB/T 713.4、GB/T 713.5、GB/T 713.6和GB/T 713.7；专用锻件行业标准是指NB/T 47008、NB/T 47009和NB/T 47010；专用复合钢板行业标准是指NB/T 47002.1、NB/T 47002.2、NB/T 47002.3和NB/T 47002.4. 4.17主要受压元件使用的钢材，未列人本文件，但已列入压力容器（承压设备）专用钢板国家标准、锻件行业标准、专用复合钢板行业标准的，钢材研制单位应进行钢材的研制，提供必要的材料数据（包括化学成分、拉伸性能、疲劳试验数据、断裂韧性以及其他满足该材料使用范围要求的相应性能参数）。钢材应经压力容器用材料（钢板、锻件）型式试验机构的试验验证，证明其各项性能指标满足本文件要求的，可用于压力容器制造。