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This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 2585-2007 Hot-rolled steel rails for railway. In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 2585-2007:
——The scope of this standard has been modified (see Clause 1, or Clause 1 of Edition 2007);
——“Classification” has been added (see Clause 5);
——Regulations of dimension, shape and permissible deviation have been modified (see 6.1.2, or 5.1.2 of Edition 2007);
——The “designation and ingredient requirements” have been modified(see 7.2, or 6.2.1 of Edition 2007);
——The requirements of hydrogen content have been added (see 7.2,4);
——The requirements for mechanical properties of heat-treated steel rails have been added (see 7.4);
——Relevant regulations of decarburized layer have been modified (see 7.6, or 6.8 of Edition 2007);
——Relevant regulations of non-metallic inclusion have been modified (see 7.7, or 6.9 of Edition 2007);
——Relevant regulations of surface quality have been modified (see 7.10, or 6.12 of Edition 2007);
——Relevant regulations of “Fatigue crack growth rate” have been added (see 7.13);
——Relevant regulations of hydrogen content have been modified, and those on determination of oxygen and nitrogen elements have been added (see 8.5, or 7.2 of Edition 2007);
——Relevant regulations of “Type inspection” have been added (see 9.2);
——The re-inspection regulations of inspection items, such as decarburized layer, non-metallic inclusions and microstructure, have been modified (see 9.4, or 8.3 of Edition 2007);
——Relevant regulations of steel rail label have been modified (see 10.1, or 9.1 of Edition 2007);
This standard was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 183 National Technical Committee on Iron and Steel of Standardization Administration of China.
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
——GB 181-1963;
——GB 182-1963;
——GB 183-1963;
——GB 2585-1981 and GB/T 2585-2007.
Hot-rolled steel rails for railway
1 Scope
This standard specifies order information, classification, dimension, shape, weight and permissible deviation, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking and quality certificate of steel rails for railway.
This standard is applicable to 38kg/m-75kg/m symmetrical section hot-rolled steel rails and on-line heat-treated steel rails.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 222 Permissible tolerances for chemical composition of steel products
GB/T 223.3 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The diantipyrylmethane phosphomolybdate gravimetric method for the determination of phosphorus content
GB/T 223.5 Steel and iron — Determination of acid-soluble silicon and total silicon content — Reduced molybdosilicate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.9 Iron, steel and alloy — Determination of aluminum content — Chrome azurol S photometric method
GB/T 223.11 Iron, steel and alloy — Determination of chromium content — Visual titration or potentiometric titration method
GB/T 223.12 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The sodium carbonate separation-diphenyl carbazide photometric method for the determination of chromium content
GB/T 223.14 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The N-benzoy-N-phenylhydroxylamine extraction photometric method for the determination of vanadium content
GB/T 223.18 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The sodium (potassium) periodate photometric method for the determination of manganese content
GB/T 223.19 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The neocuproine-chloroform extraction photometric method for the determination of copper content
GB/T 223.23 Iron, steel and alloy — Determination of nickel content — The dimethylglyoxime spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.26 Iron, steel and alloy — Determination of molybdenum content — Thiocyanate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.40 Iron, steel and alloy — Determination of niobium content by the sulphochlorophenol S spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.54 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of nickel content
GB/T 223.58 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The sodium arsenite-sodium nitrite titrimetric method for the determination of manganese content
GB/T 223.59 Iron, steel and alloy — Determination of phosphorus content—Bismuth phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometric method and antimony phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.60 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The perchloric acid dehydration gravimetric method for the determination of silicon content
GB/T 223.61 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The ammonium phosphomolybdate volumetric method for the determination of phosphorus content
GB/T 223.62 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The butyl acetate extraction photometric method for the determination of phosphorus content
GB/T 223.63 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The sodium (potassium) periodate photometric method for the determination of manganese content
GB/T 223.64 Iron, steel and alloy — Determination of manganese content — Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method
GB/T 223.67 Iron steel and alloy — Determination of sulfur content — Methylene blue spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.68 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The potassium iodate titration method after combustion in the pipe furnace for the determination of sulfur content
GB/T 223.69 Iron, steel and alloy — Determination of carbon contents — Gas-volumetric method after combustion in the pipe furnace
GB/T 223.71 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The gravimetric method after combustion in the pipe furnace for the determination of carbon content
GB/T 223.72 Iron, steel and alloy — Determination of sulfur content — Gravimetric method
GB/T 223.76 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy — The flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of vanadium content
GB/T 223.82 Steel and iron — Determination of hydrogen content — Thermal conductivity/infrared method after fusion under inert gas
GB/T 224 Determination of depth of decarburization of steels
GB/T 226 Test method for macrostructure and defect of steel by etching
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
GB/T 230.1 Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
GB/T 231.1 Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
GB/T 10561-2005 Steel — Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions — Micrographic method using standards diagrams
GB/T 11261 Steel and iron — Determination of oxygen content — The pulse heating inert gas fusion-infra-red absorption method
GB/T 13298 Inspection methods of microstructure for metals
GB/T 20066 Steel and iron — Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition
GB/T 20123 Steel and iron — Determination of total carbon and sulfur content — Infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace (routine method)
GB/T 20124 Steel and iron — Determination of nitrogen content — Thermal conductimetric method after fusion in a current of inert gas (routine method)
According to the operating speed, the steel rails are divided into less than 200km/h and 200km/h and above.
Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Order information 5 Classification 6 Dimension, shape, weight and permissible deviation 7 Technical requirements 8 Test methods 9 Inspection rules 10 Marking and quality certificate Annex A (Normative) Dimension drawing of steel rail section type Annex B (Normative) Sample diagram of rail dimension inspection Annex C (Normative) Standard diagrams for macrostructure of steel rails Annex D (Normative) Test method for residual stress at rail flange Annex E (Normative) Test method for plane strain fracture toughness (KIC) of steel rail
1范围 本标准规定了铁路用钢轨的订货内容、分类、尺寸、外形、质量及允许偏差、技术要求、试验方法、检 验规则、标志及质量证明书。 本标准适用于38 kg/m-75 kg/m对称断面热轧钢轨和在线热处理钢轨。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文 件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 钢的成品化学成分允许偏差 钢铁及合金化学分析方法二安替比林甲烷磷钥酸重量法测定磷量 钢铁酸溶硅和全硅含量的测定还原型硅钥酸盐分光光度法 钢铁及合金铝含量的测定铭天青S分光光度法 钢铁及合金铭含量的测定可视滴定或电位滴定法 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 钢铁及合金 钢钦及合金 钢铁及合金 钢铁及合金化学分析方法火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定镣量 钢铁及合金化学分析方法亚砰酸钠-亚硝酸钠滴定法测定镒量 钢铁及合金磷含量的测定挞磷钥蓝分光光度法和锐磷钥蓝分光光度法 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 钢铁及合金镒含量的测定火焰原子吸收光谱法 钢铁及合金硫含量的测定次甲基蓝分光光度法 钢铁及合金化学分析方法管式炉内燃烧后碘酸钾滴定法测定硫含量 钢铁及合金碳含量的测定管式炉内燃烧后气体容量法 钢铁及合金化学分析方法管式炉内燃烧后重量法测定碳含量 钢铁及合金硫含量的测定重量法 钢铁及合金化学分析方法火焰原子吸收光谱法测定組量 钢铁氢含量的测定惰性气体熔融-热导或红外法 GB/T 224钢的脱碳层深度测定法 GB/T 226钢的低倍组织及缺陷酸蚀试验法 拉伸试臆 第1部分:室温试验方法 洛氏硬度试验 第1部分:试验方法 布氏硬度试验 第1部分:试验方法 疲劳试验 轴向力控制方法 平面应变断裂韧性K"试验方法 碳素钢和中低合金钢多元素含量的测定火花放电原子发射光谱法(常规法) 金属材料疲劳试验疲劳裂纹扩展方法 钢铁氧含量的测定脉冲加热惰气熔融-红外线吸收法 金属显微组织检验方法 钢和铁化学成分测定用试样的取样和制样方法 钢铁总碳硫含量的测定高频感应炉燃烧后红外吸收法(常规方法) 钢铁氮含量的测定惰性气体熔融热导法(常规方法) 低合金钢多元素含量的测定电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 YB/T 081冶金技术标准的数值修约与检测数值的判定 YB/T 951钢轨超声波探伤方法 3术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 炉号 heat 一炉钢水浇铸的所有铸坯,直至某一钢坯完全由下一炉钢液浇注而成(不包括该钢坯)。 3.2 连浇 sequence 在中间包中连续浇侍同-牌号的不同炉号的钢水。 3.3 在线热处理 on line heat-treatment 利用轧制余热直接进行加速冷却,得到细片状珠光体组织的热处理工艺。 4订货内容 订货时,需方应向供方提供以下资料: a) 产品名称; b) 本标准编号; c) 轨型及速度等级; d) 牌号及交货状态(热轧、热处理); e) 轨端状态(钻孔数量); f) 数量、长度、短尺率(定尺、非定尺); g) 其他特殊要求。 5分类 按运营速度分成200 km/h以下钢轨和200 km/h及以上的钢轨。 6尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差 6.1尺寸及允许偏差 6.1.1 钢轨轨型包括 38 kg/m,43 kg/m、50 kg/m、60 kg/m(6O、6ON)、75 kg/m(75、75N),其断面尺寸应符 合附录A的规定。 6.1.2运营速度200 km/h以下钢轨的尺寸和外形的允许偏差应符合表1的规定;运营速度200 km/h 及以上钢轨尺寸和外形的允许偏差应符合表2的规定。 表1运营速度200 km/h以下钢轨尺寸和外形的允许偏差 项 目 允许偏差 38 kg/m、43 kg/m 轨型 50 kg/m、60 kg/m、 75 kg/m轨型 样板图 钢轨断面 轨头宽度<WH) ±0.5 mm 士0.5 mm 图B.3 轨冠饱满度"(C) + 0.6 mm —0.5 mm 图 B.13 轨腰厚度"(WT) + 1.0 mm — 0.5 mm + 1.0 mm —0.5 mm 图B.6 接头夹板安装而高度(HF) 士0.6 mm + 0.6 mm — 0.5 mm 图B.5 钢轨髙度(H) ±0.8 mm ±0.6 mm 图B.8 轨底宽度(WF) + 1.0 mm — 2.0 mm +1.0 mm —1.5 mm 图B.9 轨底边缘厚度(TF)11 — +0.75 mm — 0.5 mm 图B.7 外形 断而不对称 ±1.5 mm ±1.2 mm 图 B.4 a) 图 B.4 b) 轨底凹入 <0.4 mm W0.4 mm — 端面斜度 垂直方向 <1.0 mm VO.8 mm 水平方向 端部弯曲 (距轨端0 m〜1.5 m内) 垂直方向(向上) <0.6 mm/1.5 m <0.6 mm/1.5 m 图 B.11 垂直方向(向下) e<0.2 mm e<0.2 mm 水平方向 WO.7 mm/1.5 m <0.7 mm/1.5 m 端部弯曲 (距轨端1 m〜2.5m内) 垂直方向 WO.5 mm/1.5 m VO.5 mm/1.5 m 水平方向 WO.7 mm/1.5 m W0.7 mm/1.5 m 轨身 (除两轨端各1.5 m外) 垂直方向 — W0.5 mm/3 m・ <0.4 mm/1 m 图 B.12 水平方向 —— V0.6 mm/1.5 m 钢轨全长 上弯曲和下弯曲 — <10 mm 側弯曲 弯曲半径(R) 小于1 500 m —
表1 (续) 项 目 允许偏差 38 kg/m、43 kg/m 轨型 50 kg/m.60 kg/m、 75 kg/m轨型 样板图 外形 扭转 全长 当钢轨轨头向上立在检测台上能看见明显的 扭曲时.用塞尺测筮钢轨端部轨底面与检测 台面的间隙应不大于2.5 mm 图 B.12 轨端曲 <0.6 mm/1 m 接头夹板安装斜度(以平行于接头夹板理论斜面的 14 mm —段的倾斜为基准XIF) + 1.0 mm —0.5 mm ±0.5 mm 图B.5 螺栓孔 1'[径 士0.8 mm ±0.8 mm 图 B.10 位置 ±0.8 mm ±0.8 mm 直径和位置综合偏差 2.0 mm 2.0 mm ° 50 kg/m钢轨不要求。 "钢轨腰厚在最小厚度点测虽。 c以轨端断面为测量基准.用特制量规(扭曲尺,长Im)对轨底下表面的触点进行测量•触点中心与轨底边缘的距 离为10 mm,触点接触表面面积为150 mm?〜250 mm2.见图B.12。 11有孔钢轨不要求检测轨端扭转。
表2运营速度200 km/h及以上钢轨尺寸和外形的允许偏差 项 目 允许偏差 60 kg/m轨型 样板图 钢轨断面 轨头宽度(WH) 士0.5 mm 图B.3 轨冠饱满度((') + 0.6mm — 0.3 mm 图 B.13 轨腰厚度'(WT) + 1.0 mm —0.5 mm 图B.6 接头夹板安装面高度(HF) + 0.6 mm —0.5 mm 图B.5 钢轨高度(H) ±0.6 mm 图B.8 轨底宽度(WF) 土 1.0 mm 图B.9 轨底边缘厚度(TF) + 0.75 mm —0.5 mm 图B.7 外形 断面不对称 士 1.2 mm 图 B.4 a) 图 B.4 b) 轨底凹入 <0.3 mm 端而斜度 垂直方向 <0.6 mm 水平方向
表2 (续) 项 目 允许偏差 60 kg/m轨型 样板图 外形 端部弯曲 (距轨端0 m〜1.5 m内) 垂直方向(向上) 0 m〜1 m:V0.3 mm/1 m 0 m〜1.5 m:<0.35 mm/1.5 m 图 B,I1 垂直方向(向下) eV0.2 m 水平方向 0 m〜1 m:<0.4 mm/1 m 0 m~l・5 m:<0.5 mm/1.5 m 端部弯曲 (距轨端1 m〜2.5m内) 垂直方向 <0.3 mm/1.5 m 水平方向 WO.5 mm/1.5 m 轨身 (除两轨端各1.5 m外) 垂直方向 <0.3 mm/3 m・<0.2 mm/1 m 图 B.12 水平方向 V0.45 mm/1.5 m 图 B.12 钢轨全长 上弯曲和下弯曲 W10 mm — 侧弯曲 弯曲半径(R)大于1 500 m 扭转 个R 当钢轨轨头向上立在检测台上能看见明显的 扭曲时.用塞尺测量钢轨端部轨底面与检测 台面的间隙应不大于2.5 mm 图 B.12 轨端" WO.45 mm/1 m 螺栓孔 直径 ±0.7 mm 图 B.10 位置 ±0.7 mm 直径和位置综合偏差 2.0 mm "钢轨腰厚在最小厚度点测址。 h以轨端断面为测量基准.用特制量规(扭曲尺,长Im)对轨底下表面的触点进行测量.触点中心与轨底边缘的距 离为10 mm,触点接触表面面积为150 mm—250 mm2.见图B.12。
6.2螺栓孔及轨端倒棱 焊接钢轨不加工螺栓孔。需要螺栓孔时应按照附录A中相应要求对钢轨的螺栓孔进行45°倒棱. 倒楼深度为0.8 mm〜2.0 mm。 6.3钢轨长度及允许偏差 6.3.1钢轨长度 6.3.1.1标准钢轨的定尺长度为: 38 kg/m、43 kg/m 轨型:12.5 m>25 m; —50 kg/m>60 kg/m 轨型:12.5 m、25 m 和 100 m; 75 kg/m 轨型:25 m、75 m 和 100 mo 6.3.1.2曲线缩短钢轨的长度为: 12.5 m 钢轨:12.46 m,12.42 m,12.38 m; —25 m 钢轨:24.96 m,24.92 m、24.84 m。 6.3.1.3短尺钢轨长度为: 12.5 m 钢轨:9 m、9.5 m、ll m、11.5 m、12 m; 25 m 钢轨:21 m、22 m、23 m、24 m,24.5 m; 75 m 钢轨:71 m、72 m,73 m、74 m: 100 m 钢轨:95 m、96 m、97 m 和 99 m。 短尺钢轨的数量由供需双方协商并在合同中注明,运营速度小于200 km/h等级的钢轨短尺钢轨 的数量应不大于订货总量的10%;运营速度大于或等于200 km/h等级的钢轨短尺钢轨的数量应不大 于订货总量的5%。有孔钢轨原则上不应有短尺轨,经供需双方协商,短尺轨也可钻孔。 6.3.1.4定尺长度为75 m和100 m钢轨的曲线缩短轨长度由供需双方协商.并在合同中注明短尺轨 的搭配数量。 6.3.2长度允许偏差 钢轨的长度允许偏差应符合表3规定。 表3长度允许偏差(环境温度20 t) 长度(L) m 允许偏差(环境温度20 °C) mm 钻孔轨 <25 ±6 无孔轨 <25 ±10 >25 ±30