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Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB/T 19630.1-2011 Organic products-Part 1: Production, GB/T 19630.2-2011 Organic products-Part 2: Processing, GB/T 19630.3-2011 Organic products-Part 3: Labeling and marketing, and GB/T 19630.4-2011 Organic products-Part 4: Management system. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 19630.1~19630.4-2011: ——This standard integrates the content of the corresponding clauses of GB/T 19630.1 ~ 19630.4-2011. The combined clauses constitute scope, normative references, terms and definitions, production, processing, labeling and marketing, and management system. The serial numbers of the corresponding sub-clauses are adjusted in sequence according to the existing framework; ——The scope has been modified to integrate the scope of GB/T 19630.1 ~ 19630.4-2011, with the content unchanged (see Clause 1); ——GB/T 9137 has been deleted from the “Normative References” and GB 20814 and GB 2760 (without year numbers) have been added; ——All terms and definitions in the former GB/T 19630.1 ~ 19630.4-2011 have been combined, the definitions of organic agriculture and biodiversity have been deleted, the description of processing aids have been modified according to GB 2760, the description of organic product, organic producer, organic processor and organic handler have been modified, and the definitions of organic production and organic processing have been added (see Clause 3); ——The requirements for continuous improvement of the environment of the producing area have been added, the requirements for soil quality have been revised, and “the maximum permissible concentration of air pollutants for crop protection in GB 9137" has been deleted (see 4.2.3); ——The detergents and disinfectants applicable in plant production have been added (see 4.2.11.4); ——The "collection of wild plants" has been modified to "wild collection" (see 4.3); ——The requirements of conversion period for wild collection and edible mushrooms cultivation in 5.1.5 of GB/T 19630.1-2011 have been deleted, and the relevant content have been added to this standard (see 4.3 and 4.4); ——The requirements for environmental conditions of wild collection areas have been modified (see 4.3.2); ——The protected object of wild collection behavior has been modified from "animal and plant species" to "biological species" (see 4.3.4); ——The requirements for feed harvest and post-harvest treatment, packaging, storage and transportation have been added (see 4.5.4.1); ——The requirements for outdoor movement of livestock and poultry have been modified (see 4.5.5.3); ——The requirements for colorants have been modified [see 4.5.4.11d)]; ——The microbial agents have been added to prevent and treat livestock and poultry diseases (see 4.5.6.3); ——The "prohibited substances" have been modified to "antibiotic or chemosynthetic veterinary medicine (except anthelmintics)" (see 4.5.8.5); ——The phrase "use the rodenticide approved by the State in a safety way for livestock and poultries" has been deleted; ——The "breeding and fishing areas" and "organic aquaculture farms and open water harvesting areas" have been modified to "the boundary of waters for organic production" (see 4.6.2.2, 4.6.3); ——The requirement of "or approved by the certification authority" in aquatic bait has been deleted; ——The provision on the number of drugs used for prevention and treatment of aquatic diseases has been added and the requirement of isolation has been deleted (see 4.6.6.5); ——The organic conversion components have been removed from the ingredients; ——The "corresponding national standards" have been changed to GB 5749 and GB 2721 (see 5.2.1.4); ——“The following substances may be adopted as the disinfectants used during the manufacturing process: ethanol, calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. Sanitizers shall be approved by the national competent department. The disinfectants with residual toxic and harmful substance shall not be used.” has been modified to "Steam may be used. Use detergents and disinfectants listed in Table E.3 if necessary”, which specifies the detergents and disinfectants to be used in processing sites and equipment facilities (see 5.2.3.3); ——Requirements for feed raw materials and product packaging materials have been added to the packaging part, making it clear that food includes raw materials and products (see 5.2.4.2); ——The scope of packaging filling agent has been added, not limited to carbon dioxide and nitrogen (see 5.2.4.4); ——"Drying" was deleted from the storage part; ——The storage requirements for packaging materials and ingredients of organic products have been added in the storage part (see 5.2.5.4); ——“Marking” has been changed to “labeling” (see 5.2.6.3); ——"100%” has been deleted; ——The liquid has been further defined as “sizing liquid” (see 5.3.2.9); ——The provision of "'organic conversion' and 'organic conversion products' are only applicable to the products getting the conversion product certification” has been deleted, and the “consumers shall not be misled to take conventional products as organic conversion products or organic conversion products as organic products" has been modified to "anyone shall not mislead the consumers regarding the conventional products or organic products in conversion period as organic products." (see 6.1.3); ——The requirements for organic product labeling have been combined (see 6.1); ——The provision that "when purchasing organic products, sellers shall obtain the sales certificate of organic products" has been amended, and the provision that the certification materials of products with organic ingredients less than 95% and the marking "organic ingredient production” shall be able to prove the source of organic products has been deleted (see 6.4.2): ——The labeling requirements for products that the ingredient content of organic conversion products is higher than 95% have been deleted; ——The requirements for labeling text expression and pattern of products with organic ingredient content lower than 95% or organic ingredient content higher than or equal to 95% but without organic product certification have been deleted; ——The labeling requirements for products that the ingredient content of organic conversion products is lower than 95% and equal to or higher than 70% have been deleted; ——The labeling requirements for processed products with organic ingredient content less than 70% have been deleted; ——The labeling requirements for products that the content of organic conversion ingredients is less than 70% have been deleted; ——The graphic and color requirements for the marking of organic conversion products have been deleted; ——The requirements for marking organic conversion products have been deleted; ——The requirement that "as for the bulk or non-packed products as well as the fresh and living animal products, the copies of the China organic product certification mark and the certification certificate shall be displayed at proper place in the marketing place” has been modified to “as for the bulk or non-packed products as well as the fresh animal products, the organic product special market area or display counter shall be set at the marketing place and shall also be separate from the non-organic product market area and display counter. ” (see 6.4.4); ——The requirements for printing organic conversion product marks have been deleted; ——The frequency of internal inspections has been added (see 7.4.2); ——The categories of some substances for improvement of soil fertility and amelioration of soil have been adjusted and classified, and "natural microbial preparations" have been changed to "microorganisms and microbial preparations" (see Table A.1); ——The plant protection products have been supplemented with tea saponin (extracts of tea seed, etc.), sapor (extracts of saponin, etc.), physical measures (e.g. color/odor traps, mechanical traps, etc.) and coverings (e.g. straw, weeds, mulch, insect net, etc.) (see Table A.2); ——The use conditions of copper salt have been modified and the use limits have been added (see Table A.2); ——Ferric sulfate (Fe3+) has been changed to iron phosphate (Fe3+) (see Table A.2); ——According to the latest Variety catalogue of feed additive, potassium has been added and varieties of additives such as iron, iodine, cobalt, copper and calcium have been adjusted. Some products have been combined and classified (see Table B.1); ——The "peracetic acid” has been changed to "peroxyacetic acid" (see Table B.2); ——The variety and use conditions of iodine have been modified (see Table B.2); ——The substances and use conditions in the list of "food additives, processing aids and other substances allowed in organic food processing” have been sorted out in comparison to the latest GB 2760, to add sulphur, phospholipid, gellan gum, lo-han-kuo extract and sodium hydrogen carbonate as food additives, and to add gelatin, citric acid, L-malic acid, sodium hydrogen carbonate and phospholipid as processing aids, with immobilized tannin deleted (see Annex E); ——The detergents and disinfectants allowed in organic food processing in Table E.3 have been added (see Annex E); ——The “enzyme preparation” has been added to E.5 in Annex E: except for genetically engineered organisms and their products (see Annex E); ——The requirements for minerals (including trace elements), vitamins and amino acids in the processing part have been integrated into other ingredients in Annex E, and their description has been modified (see E.6); ——The list of feed additives has been modified, to add ferric oxide, potassium (potassium chloride, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate), methionine, etc., from which the followings have been deleted: calcium iodate hexahydrate, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium bifidum, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, lactic acid enterococcus, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus casel, lactobacillus lactis, lactobacillus plantarum, pediococcus acidilactici, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis, saccharomyces cervisiae, rhodopseudomonas palustris, lactobacillus bulgaricus (only applied to pigs, chickens and silages) (see Annex F); ——Table 1 in textile processing has been deleted and the relevant content has been added to Annex H. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This standard was proposed by the Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People's Republic of China. The previous editions of this standard are as follows: ——GB/T 19630.1~19630.4-2005, GB/T 19630.1~19630.4-2011. Organic products—Requirements for production, processing, labeling and management system 1 Scope This standard specifies the requirements for the production, processing, labeling and management system of organic products. This standard is applicable to the production of organic plants, animals and microbiological products, the processing of organic food, feed and textiles, and the packaging, storage, transportation, labeling and marketing of organic products. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 2721 National food safety standard—Edible salt GB 2760 National food safety standard—Standards for uses of food additives GB 3095 Ambient air quality standard GB 4287 Discharge standards of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry GB 5084 Standards for irrigation water quality GB 5749 Standards for drinking water quality GB 11607 Water quality standard for fisheries GB 14881 National food safety standard—General hygienic regulation for food production GB 15618 Soil environmental quality—Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land GB 18596 Discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding GB/T 18885 Technical specifications of ecological textiles GB 20814 Limit and determination of the quantity of heavy-metal elements in dye products GB 23350 Requirements of restricting excessive package—Foods and cosmetics 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB 2721, GB 2760, GB 3095, GB 4287, GB 5084, GB 5749, GB 11607, GB 14881, GB 15618, GB 18596, GB/T 18885, GB 20814, GB 23350 and the following apply. 3.1 organic production mode of agricultural production conforming to specific production principles that obtains organisms and their products without the use of genetic engineering and does not use chemically-synthesized pesticide, fertilizers, growth regulators, feed additives and other substances in production but follows natural laws and ecological principles, coordinates the balance between planting and breeding industry, and keeps the production system stable. 3.2 organic processing mode of processing that mainly uses organic ingredients rather than organisms and their products obtained by genetic engineering, minimizes chemical synthetic additives, processing aids, dyes and other inputs, so as to maintain nutritional ingredients and/or original attributes of the products to the greatest extent. 3.3 organic product product made by organic production and organic processing to be consumed by human being and eaten by animals. Note: In this standard, "organic" may be marked before the name of specific organic products or product categories, such as organic seeds, organic sprouts, organic ingredients, etc. 3.4 conversion period period from the beginning of organic production to the production unit and the product obtaining organic product certification. 3.5 parallel production case that organic, conversion-period or conventional products (the same or hard to distinguish) are simultaneously produced in the same production unit. 3.6 buffer zone transition area which is purposely set between organic and conventional plots, clearly defined and used to restrict or resist shift of prohibited substances in the adjacent field parcel. 3.7 input all the substances or materials adopted during organic production process. 3.8 animal life cycle time period from the birth of animal to the time it is sold as an organic product. 3.9 homeopathic treatment a kind of disease treatment system. Note: Some substance series is diluted to treat disease, and such substance may cause the symptoms similar to the target disease if it is used in a large amount on healthy animal without being diluted. 3.10 propagating material plant or plant tissue (except germchit of annual plant) used in plant production or reproduction. Note: It includes but is not limited to rhizome, sprout, leaf, cutting seedling, root and tuber. 3.11 genetically engineered organism genetically modified organism plants, animals and microorganisms whose genes have been altered by technologies that change genetic materials by means other than natural mating and natural recombination (genetic engineering/transgenic technology). Note: It excludes organism obtained by conjugation, transduction, hybridization, etc. 3.12 irradiation ionizing radiation high-energy radiation of radionuclides Note: It can alter the molecular structure of food to control the microorganisms, germs, parasites and pests and to preserve foods or inhibit physiological process such as sprouting or maturity. 3.13 ingredients all the substances that are used during the manufacturing or processing of products and also exist (including the existence in a modified form) in the product. 3.14 food additives artificially synthesized or natural substances added into foods for the purpose of improving the quality, color, smell, taste, corrosion protection, preservation and processing technology of foods. [Definition 2.1, GB 2760-2014] 3.15 processing aids various substances used to ensure the smooth processing of food, which have nothing to do with the food itself. Note: For example, aids for filter, clarification, adsorption, demolding, decolorization, peeling and solvent extraction, nutrients for fermentation, etc. [Definition 2.4, GB 2760-2014] 3.16 labeling marking of a product in the form of written or printed text or graphics on the sold product and its packaging, labels or explanatory materials accompanying the product. 3.17 certification mark proprietary symbols, patterns or symbols, patterns and words to certify that the product conforming to the production or processing process specified in this standard and having passed the certification. 3.18 marketing activities, like wholesale, direct selling, sales exhibition, commission sale, distribution, retail or launching the products into market by other modes. 3.19 organic producer units or individuals engaged in the production of plants, animals and microbiological products, who have obtained organic product certification and are permitted to use organic product certification marks. 3.20 organic processor units or individuals engaged in food, feed and textile processing, who have obtained organic product certification and are permitted to use organic product certification marks. 3.21 organic handler units and individuals engaged in the transportation, storage, packaging and trade of organic products, who have obtained organic product certification and are permitted to use the organic product certification marks. 3.22 internal inspector management personnel in the organic production, processing and handling organizations who are in charge of the examination and verification of organic management system and also cooperate with the organic certification authority to conduct inspection and certification. 3.23 production unit production areas managed by the organic producers. 4 Production 4.1 Basic requirements 4.1.1 Production unit The boundary of organic production unit shall be distinct, and the ownership and management right shall be clear, and organic production management system has been built and implemented according to this standard. 4.1.2 Conversion period Conversion is required when the conventional production develops to organic production, and only the products going through conversion period may be sold as organic products. Products shall be managed during the conversion period according to the requirements of this standard. 4.1.3 Genetically engineered organism 4.1.3.1 Genetically engineered organism/genetically modified organism and their derivatives shall not be introduced in organic production or used in organic products, including agricultural inputs such as plant, animal, microorganisms, seeds, pollen, sperms, eggs, other reproducing materials and fertilizer, soil amelioration substances, plant protection products, plant growth regulator, feed, animal growth regulator, veterinary drug and fishery drugs. 4.1.3.2 Where organic and conventional production units exist simultaneously, the conventional production part shall not introduce or use genetically engineered organism too. 4.1.4 Irradiation Irradiation technology shall not be used in organic production. 4.1.5 Input 4.1.5.1 Organic producers shall choose and implement cultivation and/or breeding management measures to maintain or improve physicochemical and biological properties of soil, reduce soil erosion, and protect the health of plants and farmed animals. 4.1.5.2 Where inputs beyond a production unit are required when cultivation and/or breeding control measures are insufficient to maintain soil fertility and ensure health of plants and farmed animals, the inputs listed in Annexes A and B shall be used, but they shall be used according to the specified conditions. Where the substances in Annexes A and B which are used for soil fertility improvement and amelioration, plant protection and animal cultivation in organic production fail to meet the requirements, other inputs (except those in Annexes A and B) used in organic agriculture may be evaluated by reference to the evaluation guideline described in Annex C. 4.1.5.3 The active constituent of compound preparation agent of plant protection product shall be the substance listed in Table A.2, and carcinogenic, teratogenetic, mutagenic and neurotoxic substances shall not be used as aids. 4.1.5.4 Chemosynthetic plant protection products shall not be used. 4.1.5.5 Chemosynthetic fertilizer, municipal sewage and sludge shall not be used. 4.1.5.6 Prohibited substances in organic production shall not be detected from the organic products. GB/T 19630-2019 Organic products—Requirements for production,processing,labeling and management system English Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Production 4.1 Basic requirements 4.2 Plant production 4.3 Wild collection 4.4 Cultivation of edible mushrooms 4.5 Livestock and poultry breeding 4.6 Aquaculture 4.7 Bees breeding 4.8 Packaging, storage and transportation 5 Processing 5.1 Basic requirements 5.2 Food and feed 5.3 Textiles 6 Labeling and marketing 6.1 Labeling 6.2 Calculation of the percentage of organic ingredients 6.3 Organic product certification mark of China 6.4 Marketing 7 Management system 7.1 Basic requirements 7.2 Document requirements 7.3 Resource management 7.4 Internal inspection 7.5 Traceable system and product recall 7.6 Complaint 7.7 Continuous improvement Annex A (Normative) Inputs allowed for use in organic plant production Annex B (Normative) Substances allowed for use in organic animal breeding Annex C (Informative) Guidelines for evaluating use of other inputs in organic production Annex D (Normative) Livestock (poultry) houses and activity spaces of different species of animals in organic livestock and poultry breeding Annex E (Normative) Food additives, additives and other substances allowed to be used in organic food processing Annex F (Normative) Additives allowed for organic feed processing Annex G (Informative) Guidelines for evaluating organic processing additives and processing aids Annex H (Normative) Indicators of heavy metals and other pollutants in dyes used in organic textiles Bibliography 有机产品 生产、加工、标识 与管理体系要求 1 范围 本标准规定了有机产品的生产、加工、标识与管理体系的要求。 本标准适用于有机植物、动物和微生物产品的生产,有机食品、饲料和纺织品等的加工,有机产品的包装、贮藏、运输、标识和销售。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 2721食品安全国家标准 食用盐 GB 2760食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准 GB 3095 环境空气质量标准 GB 4287 纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准 GB 5084农田灌溉水质标准 GB 5749生活饮用水卫生标准 GB 11607渔业水质标准 GB 14881 食品安全国家标准 食品生产通用卫生规范 GB 15618 土壤环境质量 农用地土壤污染风险管控标准 GB 18596畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准 GB/T 18885 生态纺织品技术要求 GB 20814染料产品中重金属元素的限量及测定 GB 23350 限制商品过度包装要求 食品和化妆品 3术语和定义 GB 2721、GB 2760、GB 3095、GB 4287、GB 5084、GB 5749、GB 11607、GB 14881、GB 15618、GB 18596、GB/T 18885、GB 20814和GB 23350界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 有机生产 organic production 遵照特定的生产原则,在生产中不采用基因工程获得的生物及其产物,不使用化学合成的农药、化肥、生长调节剂、饲料添加剂等物质,遵循自然规律和生态学原理,协调种植业和养殖业的平衡,保持生产体系持续稳定的一种农业生产方式。 3.2 有机加工 organic processing 主要使用有机配料,加工过程中不采用基因工程获得的生物及其产物,尽可能减少使用化学合成的添加剂、加工助剂、染料等投入品,最大程度地保持产品的营养成分和/或原有属性的一种加工方式。 3.3 有机产品 organic product 有机生产、有机加工的供人类消费、动物食用的产品。 注:本标准中可在具体有机产品或产品类别名称前标注“有机”,如有机种子、有机芽苗菜、有机配料等。 3.4 转换期 conversion period 从开始实施有机生产至生产单元和产品获得有机产品认证之间的时段。 3.5 平行生产parallel production 在同一生产单元中,同时生产相同或难以区分的有机的、转换期的或常规产品的情况。 3.6 缓冲带buffer zone 在有机和常规地块之间有目的设置的、可明确界定的用来限制或阻挡邻近田块的禁用物质漂移的过渡区域。 3.7 投入品 input 在有机生产过程中采用的所有物质或材料。 3.8 养殖期 animal life cycle 从动物出生到作为有机产品销售的时间段。 3.9 顺势治疗homeopathic treatment 一种疾病治疗体系。 注:通过将某种物质系列稀释后使用来治疗疾病,而这种物质若未经稀释在健康动物上大量使用时能引起类似于所欲治疗疾病的症状。 3.10 植物繁殖材料propagating material 在植物生产或繁殖中使用的除一年生植物的种苗以外的植物或植物组织。 注:包括但不限于根茎、芽、叶、扦插苗、根、块茎。 3.11 基因工程生物 genetically engineered organism 转基因生物 genetically modified organism 通过自然发生的交配与自然重组以外的方式对遗传材料进行改变的技术(基因工程技术/转基因技术)改变了其基因的植物、动物、微生物。 注:不包括接合生殖、转导与杂交等技术得到的生物体。 3.12 辐照 irradiation 离子辐射 ionizing radiation 放射性核素高能量的放射。 注:能改变食品的分子结构,控制食品中的微生物、病菌、寄生虫和害虫,用于保存食品或抑制诸如发芽或成熟等生理过程。 3.13 配料 ingredients 在制造或加工产品时使用的、并存在(包括改性的形式存在)于产品中的任何物质。 3.14 食品添加剂food additives 为改善食品品质和色、香、味以及为防腐、保鲜和加工工艺的需要而加入食品中的人工合成或者天然物质。 [GB 2760—2014,定义2.1] 3.15 加工助剂processing aids 保证食品加工能顺利进行而使用的各种物质,与食品本身无关。 注:如助滤、澄清、吸附、脱模、脱色、脱皮、提取溶剂、发酵用营养物质等。 [GB 2760—2014,定义2.4] 3.16 标识labeling 在销售的产品及包装、标签或随同产品提供的说明性材料上,以书写、印刷的文字或图形的形式对产品所做的标示。 3.17 认证标志 certification mark 证明产品生产或者加工过程符合本标准并通过认证的专有符号、图案或者符号、图案以及文字的组合。 3.18 销售 marketing 批发、直销、展销、代销、分销、零售或以其他任何方式将产品投放市场的活动。 3.19 有机产品生产者organic producer 从事植物、动物和微生物产品的生产,其产品获得有机产品认证并获准使用有机产品认证标志的单位或个人。 3.20 有机产品加工者organic processor 从事食品、饲料和纺织品的加工,其产品获得有机产品认证并获准使用有机产品认证标志的单位或个人。 3.21 有机产品经营者organic handler 从事有机产品的运输、储存、包装和贸易,其经营产品获得有机产品认证并获准使用有机产品认证标志的单位和个人。 3.22 内部检查员 internal inspector 有机产品生产、加工、经营组织内部负责有机管理体系审核,并配合有机认证机构进行检查、认证的管理人员。 3.23 生产单元production unit 由有机产品生产者实施管理的生产区域。 4 生产 4.1 基本要求 4.1.1 生产单元 有机生产单元的边界应清晰,所有权和经营权应明确,并且已按照本标准的要求建立并实施了有机生产管理体系。 4.1.2转换期 由常规生产向有机生产发展需要经过转换,经过转换期后的产品才可作为有机产品销售。 转换期内应按照本标准的要求进行管理。 4.1.3基因工程生物 4.1.3.1 不应在有机生产中引入或在有机产品上使用基因工程生物/转基因生物及其衍生物,包括植物、动物、微生物、种子、花粉、精子、卵子、其他繁殖材料及肥料、土壤改良物质、植物保护产品、植物生长调节剂、饲料、动物生长调节剂、兽药、渔药等农业投入品。 4.1.3.2 同时存在有机和常规生产的生产单元,其常规生产部分也不应引入或使用基因工程生物。 4.1.4 辐照 不应在有机生产中使用辐照技术。 4.1.5投入品 4.1.5.1 有机产品生产者应选择并实施栽培和/或养殖管理措施,以维持或改善土壤理化和生物性状,减少土壤侵蚀,保护植物和养殖动物的健康。 4.1.5.2在栽培和/或养殖管理措施不足以维持土壤肥力和保证植物和养殖动物健康,需要使用生产单元外来投入品时,应使用附录A和附录B列出的投入品,并按照规定的条件使用。 在附录A和附录B涉及有机生产中用于土壤培肥和改良、植物保护、动物养殖的物质不能满足要求的情况下,可参照附录C描述的评估指南对有机农业中使用除附录A和附录B以外的其他投入品进行评估。 4.1.5.3作为植物保护产品的复合制剂的有效成分应是表A.2列出的物质,不应使用具有致癌、致畸、致突变性和神经毒性的物质作为助剂。 4.1.5.4不应使用化学合成的植物保护产品。 4.1.5.5不应使用化学合成的肥料和城市污水污泥。 4.1.5.6有机产品中不应检出有机生产中禁用物质。 4.2植物生产 4.2.1 转换期 4.2.1.1 一年生植物的转换期至少为播种前的24个月,草场和多年生饲料作物的转换期至少为有机饲料收获前的24个月,饲料作物以外的其他多年生植物的转换期至少为收获前的36个月。 4.2.1.2新开垦的、撂荒36个月以上的或有充分证据证明36个月以上未使用本标准禁用物质的地块,也应经过至少12个月的转换期。 4.2.1.3 可延长本标准禁用物质污染的地块的转换期。 4.2.1.4对于已经经过转换或正处于转换期的地块,若使用了禁用物质,应重新开始转换。当地块使用的禁用物质是当地政府机构为处理某种病害或虫害而强制使用时,可以缩短4.2.1.1规定的转换期,但应关注施用产品中禁用物质的降解情况,确保在转换期结束之前,土壤中或多年生作物体内的残留达到非显著水平,所收获产品不应作为有机产品销售。 4.2.1.5芽苗菜生产可以免除转换期。 4.2.2 平行生产 4.2.2.1 在同一个生产单元中可同时生产易于区分的有机和常规作物,但该单元的有机和常规生产部分(包括地块、生产设施和工具)应能够完全分开,并采取适当措施避免与常规产品混杂和被禁用物质污染。 4.2.2.2 在同一生产单元内,一年生植物不应存在平行生产。 4.2.2.3 在同一生产单元内,多年生植物不应存在平行生产,除非同时满足以下条件: a)生产者应制定有机转换计划,计划中应承诺在可能的最短时间内开始对同一单元中相关常规生产区域实施转换,该时间最多不能超过5年; b)采取适当的措施以保证从有机和常规生产区域收获的产品能够得到严格分离。 4.2.3产地环境要求 有机产品生产需要在适宜的环境条件下进行,生产基地应远离城区、工矿区、交通主干线、工业污染源、生活垃圾场等,并宜持续改进产地环境。 产地的环境质量应符合以下要求: a)在风险评估的基础上选择适宜的土壤,并符合GB 15618的要求; b)农田灌溉用水水质符合GB 5084的规定; c)环境空气质量符合GB 3095的规定。 4.2.4缓冲带 应对有机生产区域受到邻近常规生产区域污染的风险进行分析。在存在风险的情况下,则应在有机生产和常规生产区域之间设置有效的缓冲带或物理屏障,以防止有机生产地块受到污染。 注:缓冲带上种植的植物不能认证为有机产品。 4.2.5种子和植物繁殖材料 4.2.5.1 应选择适应当地的土壤和气候条件、抗病虫害的植物种类及品种。在品种的选择上应充分考虑保护植物的遗传多样性。 4.2.5.2应选择有机种子或植物繁殖材料。当从市场上无法获得有机种子或植物繁殖材料时,可选用未经禁止使用物质处理过的常规种子或植物繁殖材料,并制订和实施获得有机种子和植物繁殖材料的计划。 4.2.5.3 应采取有机生产方式培育一年生植物的种苗。 4.2.5.4 不应使用经禁用物质和方法处理过的种子和植物繁殖材料。 4.2.6 栽培 4.2.6.1 一年生植物应进行三种以上作物轮作,一年种植多季水稻的地区可以采取两种作物轮作,冬季休耕的地区可不进行轮作。轮作植物包括但不限于豆科植物、绿肥、覆盖植物等。 4.2.6.2宜通过间套作等方式增加生物多样性、提高土壤肥力、增强植物的抗病能力。 4.2.6.3应根据当地情况制定合理的灌溉方式(如滴灌、喷灌、渗灌等)。 4.2.7 土肥管理 4.2.7.1 应通过适当的耕作与栽培措施维持和提高土壤肥力,包括: a)回收、再生和补充土壤有机质和养分来补充因植物收获而从土壤带走的有机质和土壤养分; b)采用种植豆科植物、免耕或土地休闲等措施进行土壤肥力的恢复。 4.2.7.2 当4.2.7.1描述的措施无法满足植物生长需求时,可施用有机肥以维持和提高土壤的肥力、营养平衡和土壤生物活性,同时应避免过度施用有机肥,造成环境污染。应优先使用本单元或其他有机生产单元的有机肥。若外购商品有机肥,应经认证机构许可后使用。 4.2.7.3不应在叶菜类、块茎类和块根类植物上施用人粪尿;在其他植物上需要使用时,应当进行充分腐熟和无害化处理,并不应与植物食用部分接触。 4.2.7.4可使用溶解性小的天然矿物肥料,但不应将此类肥料作为系统中营养循环的替代物。矿物肥料只能作为长效肥料并保持其天然组分,不应采用化学处理提高其溶解性。不应使用矿物氮肥。 4.2.7.5可使用生物肥料;为使堆肥充分腐熟,可在堆制过程中添加来自于自然界的微生物,但不应使用转基因生物及其产品。 4.2.7.6植物生产中使用土壤培肥和改良物质时应符合表A.1的要求。 4.2.8病虫草害防治 4.2.8.1 病虫草害防治的基本原则应从农业生态系统出发,综合运用各种防治措施,创造不利于病虫草害孳生和有利于各类天敌繁衍的环境条件,保持农业生态系统的平衡和生物多样化,减少各类病虫草害所造成的损失。应优先采用农业措施,通过选用抗病抗虫品种、非化学药剂种子处理、培育壮苗、加强栽培管理、中耕除草、耕翻晒垡、清洁田园、轮作倒茬、间作套种等一系列措施起到防治病虫草害的作用。尽量利用灯光、色彩诱杀害虫,机械捕捉害虫,机械或人工除草等措施,防治病虫草害。 4.2.8.2 当4.2.8.1提及的方法不能有效控制病虫草害,需使用植物保护产品时,应符合表A.2的要求。 4.2.9 设施栽培 4.2.9.1 应使用土壤或基质进行植物生产,不应通过营养液栽培的方式生产。不应使用禁用物质处理设施农业的建筑材料和栽培容器。转换期应符合4.2.1的要求。 4.2.9.2使用土壤培肥和改良物质时,应符合表A.1的要求,不应含有禁用的物质。使用动物粪肥作为养分的来源时应堆制。 4.2.9.3可采用以下措施和方法: a)使用火焰、发酵、制作堆肥和使用压缩气体提高二氧化碳浓度; b)使用加热气体或水的方法取得辅助热源; c)使用辅助光源; d)通过控制温度和光照或使用天然植物生长调节剂调节生长和发育。 4.2.9.4 应采用土壤再生和循环使用措施。在生产过程中,可采用以下方法替代轮作: a)与抗病植株的嫁接栽培; b)夏季和冬季耕翻晒垡; c)通过施用可生物降解的植物覆盖物(如作物秸秆和干草)来使土壤再生; d)部分或全部更换温室土壤,但被替换的土壤应再用于其他的植物生产活动。 4.2.9.5宜使用可回收或循环使用的栽培容器。对栽培容器进行清洁和消毒时,应使用蒸汽或表A.3列出的清洁剂和消毒剂。 4.2.10芽苗菜生产 4.2.10.1 应使用有机种子生产芽苗菜。 4.2.10.2生产用水水质应符合GB 5749。 4.2.10.3 应采取预防措施防止病虫害,可使用蒸汽,必要时使用表A.3列出的清洁剂和消毒剂对培养容器和生产场地进行清洁和消毒。 4.2.11 分选、清洗及其他收获后处理 4.2.11.1植物收获后在场的清洁、分拣、脱粒、脱壳、切割、保鲜、干燥等简单加工过程应采用物理、生物的方法。必要时,应使用附录E中列出的物质进行处理。 4.2.11.2用于处理常规产品的设备应在处理有机产品前清理干净。对不易清理的处理设备可采取冲顶措施。 4.2.11.3设备器具应保证清洁,避免对产品造成污染。 4.2.11.4对设备设施进行清洁、消毒时,应按照表A.3的要求使用清洁剂和消毒剂,并避免对产品的污染。 4.2.11.5收获后处理过程中的有害生物防治,应遵守5.2.3的规定。 4.2.12污染控制 4.2.12.1 应采取措施防止常规农田的水渗透或漫入有机地块。 4.2.12.2应避免因施用外部来源的肥料造成禁用物质对有机产品的污染。 4.2.12.3常规农业系统中的设备在用于有机生产前,应采取清洁措施,避免常规产品混入和禁用物质污染。 4.2.12.4在使用保护性的建筑覆盖物、塑料薄膜、防虫网时,宜选择聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚碳酸酯类产品,并且使用后应从土壤中清除,不应焚烧。不应使用聚氯类产品。 4.2.13水土保持和生物多样性保护 4.2.13.1 应采取措施,防止水土流失、土壤沙化和盐碱化。应充分考虑土壤和水资源的可持续利用。 4.2.13.2 应采取措施,保护天敌及其栖息地。 4.2.13.3应充分利用作物秸秆,不应焚烧处理,除非因控制病虫害的需要。 4.3野生采集 4.3.1 野生采集区域应边界清晰,并处于稳定和可持续的生产状态。 4.3.2野生采集区应远离排污工厂、矿区、垃圾处理场地、常规农田、公路干线等污染源。野生采集区应是在采集之前的36个月内没有受到本标准允许使用投入品之外的物质和重金属污染的地区。 4.3.3野生采集区应保持有效的缓冲带。 4.3.4采集活动不应对环境产生不利影响或对生物物种造成威胁,采集量不应超过生态系统可持续生产的产量。 4.3.5 应制订和提交野生采集区域可持续生产的管理方案。 4.3.6 野生采集后的处理应符合4.2.11的要求。 4.3.7 野生采集可免除转换期。 4.4食用菌栽培 4.4.1 在同一生产单元内,不应存在平行生产。 4.4.2 与常规农田邻近的食用菌栽培区应设置缓冲带或物理屏障,以避免禁用物质的影响。水源水质应符合GB 5749的要求。 4.4.3应采用有机菌种。如无法获取有机来源的菌种,可以使用未被禁用物质处理的常规菌种。 4.4.4 应使用天然材料或有机生产的基质,并可添加以下辅料: a)来自有机生产单元的农家肥和畜禽粪便;当无法得到来自有机生产单元的农家肥和动物粪便时,应按照表A.1的要求使用土壤培肥和改良物质,但不应超过基质总干重的25%,且不应含有人粪尿和集约化养殖场的畜禽粪便; b)农业来源的产品应是除4.4.4a)所涉及的产品外的其他有机生产的产品; c)未经化学处理的泥炭; d)砍伐后未经化学产品处理的木材; e)表A.1中列出的矿物来源的物质。 4.4.5食用菌栽培(土培和覆土栽培除外)可以免除转换期。土培或覆土栽培食用菌的转换期同一年生植物的转换期,应符合4.2.1的要求。 4.4.6 木料和接种位使用的涂料应是食品级的产品,不应使用石油炼制的涂料、乳胶漆和油漆等。 4.4.7应采用预防性的管理措施,保持清洁卫生,进行适当的空气交换,去除受感染的菌簇。 4.4.8在非栽培期,可使用蒸汽对培养场地进行清洁和消毒,应按照表A.3的要求使用清洁剂和消毒剂。 4.4.9食用菌收获后的处理应符合4.2.11的要求。 4.5 畜禽养殖 4.5.1 转换期 4.5.1.1 饲料生产基地的转换期应符合4.2.1的要求;如牧场和草场仅供非草食动物使用,则转换期可缩短为12个月。如有充分证据证明12个月以上未使用禁用物质,则转换期可缩短到6个月。 4.5.1.2畜禽应经过以下的转换期: a)肉用牛、马属动物、驼,12个月; b)肉用羊和猪,6个月; c)乳用畜,6个月; d)肉用家禽,10周; e)蛋用家禽,6周; f)其他种类的转换期长于其养殖期的3/4。 4.5.2 平行生产 若一个养殖场同时以有机及常规方式养殖同一品种或难以区分的畜禽品种,则应满足下列条件,其有机畜禽或其产品才可以作为有机产品销售: a)有机畜禽和常规畜禽的圈栏、运动场地和牧场完全分开,或者有机畜禽和常规畜禽是易于区分的品种; b)贮存饲料的仓库或区域应分开并设置了明显的标记; c)有机畜禽不能接触常规饲料。 4.5.3畜禽的引入 4.5.3.1 应引入有机畜禽。当不能得到有机畜禽时,可引入常规畜禽,但应符合以下条件: a)肉牛、马属动物、驼,不超过6月龄且已断乳; b)猪、羊,不超过6周龄且已断乳; c)乳用牛,不超过4周龄,接受过初乳喂养且主要是以全乳喂养的犊牛; d)肉用鸡,不超过2日龄(其他禽类可放宽到2周龄); e)蛋用鸡,不超过18周龄。 4.5.3.2可引入常规种母畜,牛、马、驼每年引入的数量不应超过同种成年有机母畜总量的10%,猪、羊每年引入的数量不应超过同种成年有机母畜总量的20%。以下情况,经认证机构许可该比例可放宽到40%: a)不可预见的严重自然灾害或人为事故; b)养殖场规模大幅度扩大; c)养殖场发展新的畜禽品种。 所有引入的常规畜禽都应经过相应的转换期。 4.5.3.3可引入常规种公畜,引入后应立即按照有机生产方式饲养。 4.5.4 饲料 4.5.4.1 畜禽应以有机饲料饲养。饲料中至少应有50%来自本养殖场饲料种植基地或本地区有合作关系的有机生产单元。饲料生产、收获及收获后处理、包装、贮藏和运输应符合4.2和4.8的要求。 4.5.4.2 养殖场实行有机管理的前12个月内,本养殖场饲料种植基地按照本标准要求生产的饲料可以作为有机饲料饲喂本养殖场的畜禽,但不应作为有机饲料销售。 饲料生产基地、牧场及草场与周围常规生产区域应设置有效的缓冲带或物理屏障,避免受到污染。 4.5.4.3 当有机饲料短缺时,可饲喂常规饲料。但每种动物的常规饲料消费量在全年消费量中所占比例不应超过以下百分比: a)草食动物(以干物质计),10%; b)非草食动物(以干物质计),15%。 畜禽日粮中常规饲料的比例不得超过总量的25%(以干物质计)。 出现不可预见的严重自然灾害或人为事故时,可在一定时间期限内饲喂超过以上比例的常规饲料。 饲喂常规饲料应事先获得认证机构的许可。 4.5.4.4应保证草食动物每天都能得到满足其基础营养需要的粗饲料。在其日粮中,粗饲料、鲜草、青干草、或者青贮饲料所占的比例不能低于60%(以干物质计)。对于泌乳期前3个月的乳用畜,此比例可降低为50%(以干物质计)。在杂食动物和家禽的日粮中应配以粗饲料、鲜草或青干草、或者青贮饲料。 4.5.4.5初乳期幼畜应由母畜带养,并能吃到足量的初乳。可用同种类的有机奶喂养哺乳期幼畜。在无法获得有机奶的情况下,可以使用同种类的常规奶。 不应早期断乳,或用代乳品喂养幼畜。在紧急情况下可使用代乳品补饲,但其中不应含有抗生素、化学合成的添加剂(表B.1中允许使用的物质除外)或动物屠宰产品。哺乳期至少需要: a)牛、马属动物、驼,3个月; b)山羊和绵羊,45日; c)猪,40日。 4.5.4.6在生产饲料、饲料配料、饲料添加剂时均不应使用基因工程生物/转基因生物或其产品。 4.5.4.7 不应使用以下方法和物质: a)以动物及其制品饲喂反刍动物,或给畜禽饲喂同种动物及其制品; b)动物粪便; c)经化学溶剂提取的或添加了化学合成物质的饲料,但使用水、乙醇、动植物油、醋、二氧化碳、氮或羧酸提取的除外。 4.5.4.8使用的饲料添加剂应在农业主管部门发布的饲料添加剂品种目录中,同时应符合本标准的相关要求。 4.5.4.9 饲料不能满足畜禽营养需求时,使用表B.1中列出的矿物质和微量元素。 4.5.4.10添加的维生素应来自发芽的粮食、鱼肝油、酿酒用酵母或其他天然物质;不能满足畜禽营养需求时,使用表B.1中列出的人工合成的维生素。 4.5.4.11 不应使用以下物质(表B.1中允许使用的物质除外): a)化学合成的生长促进剂(包括用于促进生长的抗生素、抗寄生虫药和激素); b)化学合成的调味剂和香料; c)防腐剂(作为加工助剂时例外); d)化学合成或提取的着色剂; e)非蛋白氮(如尿素); f)化学提纯氨基酸; g)抗氧化剂; h)黏合剂。 4.5.5饲养条件 4.5.5.1 畜禽的饲养环境(圈舍、围栏等)应满足下列条件,以适应畜禽的生理和行为需要: a)家畜的畜舍和活动空间应符合表D.1的要求,家禽的禽舍和活动空间应符合表D.2的要求; b)畜禽运动场地可以有部分遮蔽,空气流通,自然光照充足,但应避免过度的太阳照射; c)水禽应能在溪流、水池、湖泊或池塘等水体中活动; d)足够的饮水和饲料,畜禽饮用水水质应达到GB 5749要求; e)保持适当的温度和湿度,避免受风、雨、雪等侵袭; f)如垫料可能被养殖动物啃食,则垫料应符合4.5.4对饲料的要求; g)保证充足的睡眠时间; h)不使用对人或畜禽健康明显有害的建筑材料和设备; i)避免畜禽遭到野兽的侵害。 4.5.5.2饲养蛋禽可用人工照明来延长光照时间,但每天的总光照时间不应超过16 h。生产者可根据蛋禽健康情况或所处生长期(如新生禽取暖)等原因,适当增加光照时间。 4.5.5.3 应使所有畜禽在适当的季节能够到户外自由运动。 特殊的畜禽舍结构使得畜禽暂时无法在户外运动时,应限期改进。 4.5.5.4 肉牛最后的育肥阶段可采取舍饲,但育肥阶段不应超过其养殖期的1/5,且最长不超过3个月。 4.5.5.5不应采取使畜禽无法接触土地的笼养和完全圈养、舍饲、拴养等限制畜禽自然行为的饲养方式。 4.5.5.6群居性畜禽不应单栏饲养,但患病的畜禽、成年雄性家畜及妊娠后期的家畜例外。 4.5.5.7不应强迫喂食。 4.5.6疾病防治 4.5.6.1 疾病预防应依据以下原则进行: a)根据地区特点选择适应性强、抗性强的品种; b)提供优质饲料、适当的营养及合适的运动等饲养管理方法,增强畜禽的非特异性免疫力; c)加强设施和环境卫生管理,并保持适宜的畜禽饲养密度。 4.5.6.2使用的消毒剂应符合表B.2的要求。消毒处理时,应将畜禽迁出处理区。应定期清理畜禽粪便。 4.5.6.3可采用植物源制剂、微量元素、微生物制剂和中兽医、针灸、顺势治疗等疗法防治畜禽疾病。 4.5.6.4可使用疫苗预防接种,不应使用基因工程疫苗(国家强制免疫的疫苗除外)。当养殖场有发生某种疾病的危险而又不能用其他方法控制时,可紧急预防接种(包括为了促使母源体抗体物质的产生而采取的接种)。 4.5.6.5不应使用抗生素或化学合成的兽药对畜禽进行预防性治疗。 4.5.6.6 当采用多种预防措施仍无法控制畜禽疾病或伤痛时,可在兽医的指导下对患病畜禽使用常规兽药,但应经过该药物的休药期的2倍时间(若2倍休药期不足48 h,则应达到48 h)之后,这些畜禽及其产品才能作为有机产品出售。 4.5.6.7不应为了刺激畜禽生长而使用抗生素、化学合成的抗寄生虫药或其他生长促进剂。不应使用激素控制畜禽的生殖行为(例如诱导发情、同期发情、超数排卵等),但激素可在兽医监督下用于对个别动物进行疾病治疗。 4.5.6.8 除法定的疫苗接种、驱除寄生虫外,养殖期不足12个月的畜禽只可接受一个疗程的抗生素或化学合成的兽药治疗;养殖期超过12个月的,每12个月最多可接受三个疗程的抗生素或化学合成的兽药治疗。超过可接受疗程的,应重新进行转换。 4.5.6.9对于接受过抗生素或化学合成的兽药治疗的畜禽,大型动物应逐个标记,家禽和小型动物则可按群批标记。 4.5.7非治疗性手术 4.5.7.1 有机养殖强调尊重动物的个性特征。应尽量养殖不需要采取非治疗性手术的品种。在尽量减少畜禽痛苦的前提下,可对畜禽采用以下非治疗性手术,必要时可使用麻醉剂: a)物理阉割; b)断角; c)在仔猪出生后24 h内对犬齿进行钝化处理; d)羔羊断尾; e)剪羽; f)扣环。 4.5.7.2不应进行以下非治疗性手术: a)断尾(除羔羊外); b)断喙、断趾; c)烙翅; d)仔猪断牙; e)其他没有明确允许采取的非治疗性手术。 4.5.8 繁殖 4.5.8.1宜采取自然繁殖方式。 4.5.8.2 可采用人工授精等不会对畜禽遗传多样性产生严重影响的各种繁殖方法。 4.5.8.3 不应使用胚胎移植、克隆等对畜禽的遗传多样性会产生严重影响的人工或辅助性繁殖技术。 4.5.8.4 除非为了治疗目的,不应使用生殖激素促进畜禽排卵和分娩。 4.5.8.5如母畜在妊娠期的后1/3时段内接受了抗生素或化学合成的兽药(驱虫药除外)处理,其后代应经过相应的转换期。 |
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GB/T 19630-2019, GB 19630-2019, GBT 19630-2019, GB/T19630-2019, GB/T 19630, GB/T19630, GB19630-2019, GB 19630, GB19630, GBT19630-2019, GBT 19630, GBT19630 |