Vehicles boats and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers
1 Scope
This standard contains limits and procedures for the measurement of radio disturbances in the frequency range of 150~2500MHz.
The standard applies to any electronic/electrical component intended for use in vehicles, trailers and devices. Refer to International Telecommunications Union (ITU) publications for details of frequency allocations. The limits are intended to provide protection for receivers installed in a vehicle from disturbances produced by components/modules in the same vehicle. The method and limits for a complete vehicle are in Chapter 5 and the methods and limits for components/modules are in Chapter 6. Only a complete vehicle test may be used to determine the component compatibility with respect to a vehicle’s limit.
The receiver types to be protected are, for example, broadcast receivers (sound and television), land mobile radio, radio telephone, amateur, citizens' radio, Satellite Navigation (GPS, etc.) and Bluetooth. For the purpose of this standard, a vehicle is a machine, which is self-propelled. Vehicles include (but are not limited to) passenger cars, trucks, agricultural tractors and snowmobiles. Appendix A provides flow chart in determining whether this standard is applicable to particular equipment.
The limits in this standard are recommended and subject to modification as agreed between the vehicle manufacturer and the component supplier. This standard is also intended to be applied by manufacturers and suppliers of components and equipment which are to be added and connected to the vehicle harness or to an on-board power connector after delivery of the vehicle.
This standard does not include protection of electronic control systems from radio frequency (RF) emissions, or from transient or pulse-type voltage fluctuations. These subjects are included in ISO publications.
Since the mounting location, vehicle body construction and harness design can affect the coupling of radio disturbances to the on-board receiver, Chapter 6 of this standard defines multiple limit levels. The level class to be used (as a function of frequency band) is agreed upon between the vehicle manufacturer and the component supplier.
This standard defines test methods for use by vehicle manufacturers and suppliers, to assist in the design of vehicles and components and ensure controlled levels of on-board radio frequency emissions.
Vehicle test limits are provided for guidance and are based on a typical radio receiver using the antenna provided as part of the vehicle, or a test antenna if a unique antenna is not specified. The frequency bands that are defined are not applicable to all regions or countries of the world. For economic reasons, the vehicle manufacturer shall be free to identify what frequency bands are applicable in the countries in which a vehicle will be marketed and which radio services are likely to be used in that vehicle.
As an example, many vehicle models will probably not have a television receiver installed; yet the television bands occupy a significant portion of the radio spectrum. Testing and mitigating noise sources in such vehicles is not economically justified.
The vehicle manufacturer shall define the countries in which the vehicle is to be marketed, then choose the applicable frequency bands and limits. Component test parameters can then be selected from this standard to support the chosen marketing plan.
The World Administrative Radio Communications Conference (WARC) lower frequency limit in region 1 was reduced to 148.5kHz in 1979. For vehicular purposes, tests at 150kHz are considered adequate. For the purposes of this standard, test frequency ranges have been generalized to cover radio services in various parts of the world. Protection of radio reception at adjacent frequencies may be expected in most cases.
Appendix H defines a qualitative method of judging the degradation of radio communication in the presence of impulsive noise.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 4365-2003 Electrotechnical Terminology - Electromagnetic Compatibility (TEC 60050-161:1990+A1: 1997+A2: 1998, IDT)
GB/T 6113.101-2008 Specification for Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus and Methods - Part 1-1: Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus - Measuring Apparatus (CISPR 16-1-1:2006, IDT)
GB/T 6113.102-2008 Specification for Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus and Methods - Part 1-2: Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus - Ancillary Equipment - Conducted Disturbances (CISPR 16-1-2:2006, IDT)
GB/T 6113.104-2008 Specification for Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus and Methods - Part 1-4: Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus - Ancillary Equipment - Radiated Disturbances (CISPR 16-1-4:2005, IDT)
GB/T 6113.203-2008 Specification for Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus and Methods - Part 2-3: Methods of Measurement of Disturbances and Immunity - Radiated Disturbance Measurements (CISPR 16-2-3:2003, IDT)
GB 14023-2006 Vehicles Boats and Internal Combustion Engine Driven Devices - Radio Disturbance Characteristics - Limits and Methods of Measurement (CISPR 12:2005, IDT)
ISO 11452-4:2005 Road Vehicles - Component Test Methods for Electrical Disturbances from Narrowband Radiated Electromagnetic Energy – Part 4: Bulk Current Injection (BCI)
SAE ARP 958.1 Rev D: 2003-02 Electromagnetic Interference Measurement Antennas; Standard Calibration Method
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
Absorber lined shielded enclosure (ALSE)
Foreword I
Introduction III
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Requirements Common to Vehicle and Component/Module Emissions Measurement
4.1 General Test Requirements and Test Plan
4.2 Shielded Enclosure
4.3 Absorber-lined Shielded Enclosure (ALSE)
4.4 Measuring Instrument
4.5 Power Supply
5 Measurement of Emissions Received by an Antenna on the Same Vehicle
5.1 Antenna Measuring System
5.2 Method of Measurement
5.3 Examples of Limits for Vehicle Radiated Disturbances
6 Measurement of Components and Modules
6.1 Test Equipment
6.2 Conducted Emissions from Components/Modules - Voltage Method
6.3 Conducted Emissions from Components/Modules - Current Probe Method
6.4 Radiated Emissions from Components/Modules - ALSE Method
6.5 Radiated Emissions from Components/Modules - TEM Cell Method
6.6 Radiated Emissions from Components/Modules - Stripline Method
Appendix A (Informative) Flow Chart for Checking the Applicability of This Standard
Appendix B (Normative) Antenna Matching Unit - Vehicle Test
Appendix C (Informative) Sheath-current Suppressor
Appendix D (Informative) Guidance for the Determination of the Noise Floor of Active Vehicle Antennas in the AM and FM Range
Appendix E (Normative) Artificial Network
Appendix F (Informative) TEM Cell Dimensions
Appendix G (Informative) Radiated Emissions from Components/Modules - Stripline Method
Appendix H (Informative) Interference to Mobile Radio Communication in the Presence of Impulsive Noise – Methods of Judging Degradation
Figure 1 Method of Determination of Conformance for All Frequency Bands
Figure 2 Example of Gain Curve
Figure 3 Vehicle-radiated Emissions - Example for Test Layout (End View with Monopole Antenna)
Figure 4 Average Limit for Radiated Disturbances from Vehicles GPS Band 1567.42 to 1583.42MHz
Figure 5 Example for the Required Minimum Attenuation of the Signal/Control Line Filters
Figure 6 Conducted Emissions - EUT with Power Return Line Remotely Grounded.
Figure 7 Conducted Emissions - EUT with Power Return Line Locally Grounded
Figure 8 Conducted Emissions - Test Layout for Alternators and Generators
Figure 9 Conducted Emissions - Test Layout for Ignition System Components
Figure 10 Conducted Emissions - Example of Test Layout for Current Probe Measurements
Figure 11 Test Harness Bending Requirements
Figure 12 Example of Test Set-up - Rod Antenna
Figure 13 Example of Test Set-up - Biconical Antenna
Figure 14 Example of Test Set-up - Log-periodic Antenna
Figure 15 Example of Test Set-up - Above 1GHz
Figure 16 Example of Average Limit for Radiated Disturbances from Components GPS Band 1567.42 to 1583.42MHz - Class
Figure 17 TEM Cell (Example)
Figure 18 Example of Arrangement of Leads in the TEM Cell and to the Connector Panel
Figure 19 Example of the Arrangement of the Connectors, the Lead Frame and the Dielectric Support
Figure 20 Example of the TEM Cell Method Test Layout
Figure B.1 Verification Set-up
Figure C.1 Attenuation vs. Frequency
Figure D.1 Vehicle Test Set up for Equipment Noise Measurement in the AM/FM Range
Figure D.2 Vehicle Test Set up for Antenna Noise Measurement in the AM/FM Range
Figure E.1 Characteristics of the AN Impedance
Figure E.2 Example of 5μH AN Schematic
Figure F.1 TEM Cell
Figure G.1 Example of a Basic Stripline Test Setup in a Shielded Enclosure
Figure G.2 Example for a 50Ω Stripline
Figure G.3 Example for a 90Ω Stripline
Table 1 Spectrum Analyzer Parameters
Table 2 Scanning Receiver Parameters
Table 3 Antenna Types
Table 4 Example for Limits of Disturbance - Complete Vehicle
Table 5 Examples of Quasi-peak or Peak Limits for Conducted Disturbances - Voltage Method
Table 6 Examples of Average Limits for Conducted Disturbances - Voltage Method
Table 7 Examples of Quasi-peak and Peak Limits for Conducted Disturbances - Control/Signal Lines - Current Probe Method
Table 8 Examples of Average Limits for Conducted Disturbances - Control/Signal Lines - Current Probe Method
Table 9 Examples of Quasi-peak or Peak Limits for Radiated Disturbances - ALSE
Table 10 Examples of Average Limits for Radiated Disturbances - ALSE
Table 11 Examples of Quasi-peak or Peak Limits for Radiated Disturbances - TEM Cell
Table 12 Examples of Average Limits for Radiated Disturbances - TEM Cell
Table F.1 Dimensions for TEM Cells
Table G.1 Examples of Quasi-peak or Peak Limits for Radiated Disturbances – Stripline Method
Table G.2 Examples of Average Limits for Radiated Disturbances – Stripline
