标准编号:	GB/T 16507.4-2022
中文名称:	水管锅炉 第4部分：受压元件强度计算
英文名称:	Water-tube boilers—Part 4: Strength calculation of pressure parts
中标分类:	J98    锅炉及其辅助设备
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	27.060.30 27.060.30    锅炉和热交换器 27.060.30
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2022-03-09
实施日期:	2022-10-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB/T 16507.4-2013 水管锅炉 第4部分：受压元件强度计算
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	46000 字
翻译价格(元):	3220.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Water-tube boilers - Part 4: Strength calculation of pressure parts English 1 Scope This document specifies the basic requirements for strength calculation of pressure elements of water-tube boilers, the design and calculation methods of allowable stress, calculated wall temperature, calculation pressure, weakening coefficient, element thickness, required thickness, opening reinforcement, additional thickness and maximum allowable pressure, the additional stress check, the structural restrictions and requirements, as well as the test and finite element analysis verification methods for determining the maximum allowable working pressure of elements. This document is applicable to the pressure elements defined in GB/T 16507.1, including boiler drum, start-up (steam-water) separator drum, header drum, tube, pipe, bend, elbow, circular header drum, convex head, flat end cover, cover plate and tee. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute indispensable provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 150.3 Pressure vessels - Part 3: Design GB/T 16507.1 Water-tube boilers - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 16507.2 Water-tube boilers - Part 2: Materials GB/T 16507.3 Water-tube boilers - Part 3: Structure design GB/T 16507.5 Water-tube boilers - Part 5: Fabrication GB/T 16507.6 Water-tube boilers - Part 6: Inspection, testing and acceptance GB/T 16507.7 Water-tube boilers - Part 7: Safety appurtenances and instruments GB/T 16507.8 Water-tube boilers - Part 8: Installation and operation DL/T 695 Steel butt-welding fittings for power plant DL/T 5366 Technical code for stress calculating of steam/water piping in power plant 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 16507.1 as well as the following apply. 3.1 corrosion allowance thickness additional thickness required for corrosion thickness reduction of elements during the design service life 3.2 required thickness thickness of pressure element determined by theoretical calculation equation Note: If necessary, the thickness required by other loads shall also be taken into account. 3.3 design thickness sum of required thickness and additional thickness 3.4 nominal thickness thickness obtained by rounding the design thickness up to the steel standard specification Note: It is the thickness marked on the drawing. 3.5 effective thickness thickness obtained by deducting the corrosion allowance thickness, lower tolerance of thickness and process additional thickness from the nominal thickness 3.6 lower tolerance of thickness absolute value of negative lower tolerance of thickness specified in material standard Note: If no negative value is available, it shall be taken as 0. 3.7 process additional thickness maximum reduction in material thickness allowed by the manufacturing process during stamping, rolling or bending of elements 3.8 minimum required thickness minimum thickness required by elements bearing loads such as calculation pressure and calculation temperature, taking into account corrosion thickness reduction factors 3.9 hot extrusion tee straight or drum tee formed with seamless steel pipe through hot extrusion by multiple dies 3.10 straight tee tee with a straight main channel Note: Generally, the diameter of branch pipe is not greater than that of main pipe. 3.11 drum tee tee with a drum-shaped main channel Note: It is formed by forging and shrinking the main pipe section of equal straight tee, and the diameter of branch pipe thereof is usually greater than that of main pipe. 3.12 vertical section plane passing through the axis of rotation of the main pipe and the intersection between the mean diameter arc surface of the main pipe and the axis of rotation of the nozzle or opening 3.13 cross section plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the main pipe and passing through the intersection between the mean diameter arc surface of the main pipe and the axis of rotation of the nozzle or opening 4 Basic requirements 4.1 The structure, materials, fabrication, installation, use, repair and transformation of boiler pressure elements designed and calculated according to this document shall meet the relevant requirements of GB/T 16507.1, GB/T 16507.2, GB/T 16507.3, GB/T 16507.5, GB/T 16507.6, GB/T16507.7 and GB/T16507.8. 4.2 For boilers of units whose parameters such as peak load fluctuate greatly or frequently, the pressure elements shall be subjected to fatigue strength check. The fatigue strength check of boiler drum shall be carried out according to Annex A, and the fatigue strength check of start-up (steam-water) separator may also be carried out according to Annex A. 4.3 The maximum allowable working pressure of the special pressure elements that do not meet the applicable conditions specified in all clauses of this document or are not included in this document shall be determined according to Annex B. 5 Allowable stress 5.1 Symbols For the purpose of this clause, the following symbols apply: qmax——the maximum heat flux that the element bears, kW/m2; η——the correction coefficient; [σ]——the allowable stress, MPa. 5.2 Selection of allowable stress 5.2.1 The allowable stress ([σ]) of the pressure element material shall be selected according to GB/T 16507.2. The allowable stress of the material between the listed calculation temperatures shall be determined by the allowable stress of the adjacent calculation temperature by arithmetic interpolation, with the decimal number omitted. 5.2.2 The allowable stress ([σ]) of the boiler drum, header drum, tee and equal-diameter Y-tube with heated outer wall shall be the product of the allowable stress of the material and the correction coefficient (η) in Table 1.

Foreword i Introduction iv 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Basic requirements 5 Allowable stress 6 Calculated wall temperature 7 Calculation pressure 8 Weakening coefficient 9 Element thickness 10 Required thickness 11 Opening reinforcement 12 Additional thickness 13 Maximum allowable pressure 14 Additional stress check 15 Structural restrictions and requirements Annex A (Normative) Calculation of low-cycle fatigue life of boiler drum Annex B (Normative) Test and finite element analysis verification methods for determining the maximum allowable working pressure of elements Annex C (Normative) Value of design additional pressure (Δpa) Annex D (Informative) Value of process additional thickness Annex E (Informative) Approximation algorithm for bending section modulus (Wx1) of opening weakened section Bibliography

水管锅炉 第4部分：受压元件强度计算 1 范围 本文件规定了水管锅炉受压元件强度计算的基本要求，许用应力、计算壁温、计算压力、减弱系数、元件厚度、计算厚度、开孔补强、厚度附加量、最高允许压力的设计计算方法，附加应力校核以及结构限制和要求，并规定了确定元件最高允许工作压力的试验和有限元分析验证方法。 本文件适用于GB／T 16507.1界定的受压元件，包括锅筒筒体、启动(汽水)分离器筒体、集箱筒体、管子、管道、弯管、弯头、圆弧形集箱筒体、凸形封头、平端盖及盖板和三通等元件。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB／T 150.3 压力容器 第3部分：设计 GB／T 16507.1 水管锅炉 第1部分：总则 GB／T 16507.2 水管锅炉 第2部分：材料 GB／T 16507.3 水管锅炉 第3部分：结构设计 GB／T 16507.5 水管锅炉 第5部分：制造 GB／T 16507.6 水管锅炉 第6部分：检验、试验和验收 GB／T 16507.7 水管锅炉 第7部分：安全附件和仪表 GB／T 16507.8 水管锅炉 第8部分：安装与运行 DL／T 695 电站钢制对焊管件 DL／T 5366 发电厂汽水管道应力计算技术规程 3 术语和定义 GB／T 16507.1界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance thickness 设计使用期内，元件考虑腐蚀减薄需要的附加厚度。 3.2 计算厚度 required thickness 理论计算公式确定的受压元件厚度。 注：必要时，计算厚度还计入其他载荷所需厚度。 3.3 设计厚度 design thickness 计算厚度与厚度附加量之和。 3.4 名义厚度 nominal thickness 设计厚度向上圆整至钢材标准规格的厚度。 注：即图样标注厚度。 3.5 有效厚度 effective thickness 名义厚度减去腐蚀裕量、钢材厚度下偏差和工艺附加厚度后的厚度。 3.6 厚度下偏差 lower tolerance of thickness 材料标准规定的厚度允许下偏差负值的绝对值。 注：无负值取0。 3.7 工艺附加厚度 process additional thickness 元件在冲压、卷制或弯制过程中制造工艺所允许的材料厚度最大减薄值。 3.8 最小需要厚度 minimum required thickness 元件承载计算压力、计算温度等载荷，并考虑腐蚀减薄因素所需厚度的最小值。 3.9 热挤压三通 hot extrusion tee 用无缝钢管经多套模具热挤压成型的直型或鼓型三通。 3.10 直型三通 straight tee 主流通道呈直线形的三通。 注：通常支管直径不大于主管。 3.11 鼓型三通 drum tee 主流通道呈鼓型的三通。 注：由等径直型三通主管段经锻缩而成，通常支管直径大于主管。 3.12 纵截面 vertical section 过主管回转轴线，且过主管平均直径圆弧面与接管或孔的回转轴线相交点的平面。 3.13 横截面 cross section 与主管回转轴线垂直，且过主管平均直径圆弧面与接管或孔的回转轴线相交点的平面。 4 基本要求 4.1 按本文件设计计算的锅炉受压元件，其结构、材料、制造、安装、使用、修理及改造，应符合GB／T 16507.1、GB／T 16507.2、GB／T 16507.3、GB／T 16507.5、GB／T 16507.6、GB／T 16507.7和GB／T 16507.8的有关规定。 4.2 用于调峰负荷等参数波动较大、或波动较频繁的机组的锅炉，其受压元件应进行疲劳强度校核。锅筒的疲劳强度校核按照附录A进行计算，启动(汽水)分离器的疲劳强度校核也可按照附录A进行计算。 4.3 不满足本文件正文各章条规定适用条件或未列入本文件的特殊受压元件，按照附录B确定元件的最高允许工作压力。 5 许用应力 5.1 符号 本章使用下列符号： qmax——元件承受的最大热流密度，单位为千瓦每平方米(kW／m2)； η——修正系数； [σ]——许用应力，单位为兆帕(MPa)。 5.2 许用应力的取用 5.2.1 受压元件的材料许用应力([σ])，应按GB／T 16507.2选取，处于所列计算温度之间的材料许用应力值，由邻近计算温度的许用应力值，按算术内插法确定，并应舍去小数。 5.2.2 外壁受热的锅筒、集箱筒体、三通和等径叉形管的许用应力([σ])应取材料许用应力值与表1修正系数(η)的乘积。 表1 修正系数 工作条件 η 烟温≤600℃，或透过管束的辐射热流不大且筒体壁面不受烟气的强烈冲刷，或qmax≤30 kW／m2 0.95 烟温＞600℃ 0.90 6 计算壁温 6.1 符号 本章使用下列符号： J——热流均流系数； pr——锅炉额定压力，单位为兆帕(MPa)； qmax——元件外壁承受的最大热流密度，单位为千瓦每平方米(kW／m2)； tb——金属壁温，单位为摄氏度(℃)； td——计算壁温，单位为摄氏度(℃)； ti——金属内壁温度，单位为摄氏度(℃)； tm——工质额定平均温度，单位为摄氏度(℃)； to——金属外壁温度，单位为摄氏度(℃)； ts——计算压力对应的工质饱和温度(热水锅炉为出口水温)，单位为摄氏度(℃)； Δt——温度偏差，单位为摄氏度(℃)； X——工质混合系数； αh——内壁对工质的换热系数，单位为千瓦每平方米每摄氏度[kW／(m2·℃)]； β——按名义厚度确定的外径与内径的比值； δ——圆筒体的名义厚度，单位为毫米(mm)； λ——材料导热系数，单位为千瓦每米每摄氏度[kW／(m·℃)]。 6.2 金属壁温 受压元件的各点金属壁温按照公式(1)计算： (1) 6.3 元件计算壁温 6.3.1 计算壁温(td)应取受压元件各点金属壁温中的最大值。 6.3.2 计算壁温(td)根据元件受热条件和结构特性由传热计算确定。圆筒体计算壁温按照公式(2)计算： (2) 6.3.3 工质混合系数(X)：锅筒筒体取0；管子取1；集箱筒体取0.5，当工质从端部进入时，取0。 6.3.4 集箱筒体和管子的Δt取值不小于10℃；不受热过热蒸汽集箱筒体的XΔt取值不小于10℃。 6.3.5 锅筒筒体和集箱筒体的热流均流系数(J)取1。 6.3.6 锅筒的工质额定平均温度(tm)取计算压力下工质的饱和温度(热水锅炉为出口水温)。